The Cardiovascular The Cardiovascular SystemSystem

• The The cardiovascular cardiovascular system transports system transports materials to and materials to and from your cells.from your cells.

• The The cardiovascular cardiovascular system is made system is made up of three parts: up of three parts: blood, the heart, blood, the heart, and blood and blood vessels.vessels.

• Blood is a Blood is a connective tissue connective tissue made up of red made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, white blood cells, platelets blood cells, platelets and plasmaand plasma

• Plasma is the fluid Plasma is the fluid part of blood. part of blood.

• Red blood cells, Red blood cells, white blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets float in and platelets float in the plasmathe plasma

• Red blood cells Red blood cells supply your cells supply your cells with oxygenwith oxygen

• Each RBC Each RBC contains a protein contains a protein called hemoglobincalled hemoglobin

• Hemoglobin gives Hemoglobin gives blood its red colorblood its red color

• White blood cells White blood cells destroy pathogensdestroy pathogens

• Some WBC’s squeeze Some WBC’s squeeze out of vessels and move out of vessels and move around in tissues, around in tissues, searching for searching for pathogens. When they pathogens. When they find a pathogen, they find a pathogen, they engulf itengulf it

• Other WBC’s release Other WBC’s release chemicals called chemicals called antibodies, which help antibodies, which help destroy pathogens.destroy pathogens.

PlateletsPlatelets

• Platelets are Platelets are pieces of larger pieces of larger cells which cells which release chemicals release chemicals in damaged in damaged vessels and cause vessels and cause fibers to formfibers to form

• The fibers make a The fibers make a “net” that traps “net” that traps blood cells and blood cells and stops bleeding.stops bleeding. 3- red blood cell3- red blood cell

5- platelet5- platelet

Red & White Cells in a Red & White Cells in a blood vesselblood vessel

Blood Cells in a small blood

vessel

Red Blood Cell

White Blood Cell

• Your heart is Your heart is about the size about the size of your fist.of your fist.

• The heart The heart pumps pumps oxygen-poor oxygen-poor blood to the blood to the lungs and lungs and oxygen-rich oxygen-rich blood to the blood to the bodybody

                                

• Your heart has Your heart has a left side and a left side and a right side a right side that are that are separated by a separated by a thick wallthick wall

• Each side has Each side has an upper an upper chamber and a chamber and a lower chamberlower chamber

• Upper chamber Upper chamber is called an is called an atriumatrium

• Lower chamber Lower chamber is called a is called a ventricleventricle

• Valves are Valves are located located between the between the atria and atria and ventriclesventricles

• As blood As blood moves moves through the through the heart, the heart, the valves close valves close and prevent and prevent blood from blood from going going backward.backward.

• The right heart The right heart receives poorly receives poorly oxygenated blood oxygenated blood from the body from the body (blue in color), (blue in color), while the left while the left heart receives heart receives highly oxygenated highly oxygenated blood from the blood from the lungs (red in lungs (red in color).color).

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels• Blood flows throughout your body in Blood flows throughout your body in

blood vesselsblood vessels• A blood vessel is a hollow tube that A blood vessel is a hollow tube that

transports bloodtransports blood• There are three types of blood vessels—There are three types of blood vessels—

arteries, capillaries, and veinsarteries, capillaries, and veins

• Arteries carry blood Arteries carry blood away from the heart.away from the heart.

• Arteries have thick Arteries have thick walls that contain a walls that contain a layer of smooth layer of smooth musclemuscle

• When blood is When blood is pumped out of the pumped out of the heart at high heart at high pressure, these thick pressure, these thick walls have the walls have the strength to strength to withstand it.withstand it.

• Capillaries are the Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in smallest blood vessels in your body.your body.

• Capillary walls are only Capillary walls are only one cell thickone cell thick

• No cell in the body is more No cell in the body is more than than three or four cells away three or four cells away from a from a capillary capillary

• Veins carry Veins carry blood back to blood back to the heart.the heart.

• When skeletal When skeletal muscles muscles contract, they contract, they squeeze nearby squeeze nearby veins and help veins and help push blood push blood toward the toward the heartheart

• If all the If all the blood vessels blood vessels in your body in your body were strung were strung together, the together, the total length total length would be would be more than more than twice the twice the circumference circumference of the Earth.of the Earth.

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• Where does Where does blood get its blood get its oxygen?oxygen?

• It gets it from It gets it from your lungs your lungs during during pulmonary pulmonary circulationcirculation

• Pulmonary Pulmonary circulation is circulation is between your between your heart and heart and lungs.lungs.

•When oxygen-rich blood returns When oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart from the lungs, it to the heart from the lungs, it must be pumped to the rest of must be pumped to the rest of the body.the body.

•The circulation of blood between The circulation of blood between the heart and the rest of the the heart and the rest of the body is called body is called systemic circulationsystemic circulation

Exercise and blood flowExercise and blood flow• Physical activity Physical activity

causes as much as 10 causes as much as 10 times more blood to times more blood to be sent to the be sent to the muscles than when muscles than when your body is at rest.your body is at rest.

• Less blood is sent to Less blood is sent to the kidneys and the the kidneys and the digestive system so digestive system so that more blood can that more blood can go to the skeletal go to the skeletal muscles, brain, heart, muscles, brain, heart, and lungsand lungs