The Cardiovascular System Objectives: -To be able to recognise the structure and function of the...
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![Page 1: The Cardiovascular System Objectives: -To be able to recognise the structure and function of the parts of the circulatory system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ee55503460f94bf53da/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Cardiovascular System
Objectives:
-To be able to recognise the structure and function of the parts of the circulatory system
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Starter
• From last lesson
• Answer the following quick questions
• Which blood cell is responsible for fighting infection?
• Which blood cell carries oxygen?
• Which part of blood is responsible for clotting?
White blood cell
Red blood cell
Platelets
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3 parts of the cardiovascular system
• Blood vessels (like veins, arteries and capillaries)
• The heart
• blood
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Blood vessels - arteries
• Carry blood away from the heart
• Have thick muscular walls to cope with high pressure of blood as it leaves the heart
• Divide into capillaries
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Blood vessels - veins
• Carry blood back to the heart
• Have thinner walls • Wider inside than
arteries• Blood pressure is low• Muscles help push
blood along veins• Veins have valves to
stop blood flowing backwards
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Blood vessels - capillaries
• Branch and spread through the body taking blood to every cell.
• Very thin and leaky walls.
• Plasma carrying oxygen, food, carbon dioxide and water can pass out of the capillaries.
• Capillaries join up to form veins.
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A continuous system• The blood vessels form a continuous
system around the body.
• They carry blood through the heart twice on each complete trip around the body.
• Blood goes– To the lungs to pick up oxygen– Back to the heart for a pressure boost– Around the body delivering oxygen to cells– Back to the heart
Now colour your diagram in, red for oxygenated blood and blue for deoxygenated blood
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The Heart
• The circulation of blood is pumped by the heart.
• The heart beats automatically but the rate varies with the body’s level of stress and exertion.
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Some facts about the heart and blood
• The heart beats about 100,000 times each day.
• In a 70-year lifetime, the average human heart beats more than 2.5 billion times
• The adult heart pumps approximately 2,000 gallons of blood each day.
• Blood is about 78 percent water. • Blood takes about 20 seconds to circulate
throughout the entire vascular system.
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External view of the heart
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Left ventricle: has very thick walls; pumps blood to the body except the lungs
Left atriumHas thin walls
Valve: Stops blood going back to the left atrium
This artery carries blood around the body
This vein carries blood into the heart from the lungs
Right ventricle: has thick walls; it pumps blood to the lungs
Valve strings stop the valve turning inside out
Valve: stops blood going back into the right atrium
Right atrium: has thin walls
This vein carries blood into the heart from the body
This artery carries blood to the lungs
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Blood pressure and pulse.
• The blood pressure is the force of blood per unit area as it flows through the blood vessels.
• The systolic blood pressure is the highest pressure, when the left ventricle contracts to pump blood into the arteries.
• The diastolic blood pressure is lower. It is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxed and filling with blood.
• As the left ventricle contracts, surges in blood pressure cause the arteries to expand and contract. This can be felt as a pulse in the major arteries.
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Blood
• Functions of blood– Carries oxygen and nutrients to all your
tissues– Removes wastes such as carbon dioxide and
urea– Transports hormones– Helps to regulate the body’s temperature and
water content
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Structure of blood
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Structure of bloodRed blood cells
plateletsWhite blood cells
Plasma
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Copy this table
Plasma White blood cells Red blood cells Platelets
• As we go through the next few slides, fill in the information on the types of cells in the blood.
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The parts of blood
• Red blood cells– Contain the red pigment
haemoglobin that carries oxygen.
– Biconcave shape increases surface area so gas exchange is more efficient.
– No nucleus so more room for haemoglobin
• Plasma– A pale yellow watery fluid
containing nutrients, hormones and proteins
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The parts of blood
• White blood cells– Various shapes– Have a nucleus– Defend against infection– More wbc in blood when you have an infection.
• Platelets– Small fragments of cells involved in blood clotting.– Clotting is important in stopping the flow of blood after an
injury.
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Problems with blood
• Sickle – cell anaemia• Some of the red blood
cells are shaped like sickles, meaning they don’t carry oxygen as efficiently
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Problems with blood
• Trypanosomes– Parasites– Single-celled
organisms that live some of their life cycle in the blood of animals, including humans.
– Cause sleeping sickness a common disease in Africa
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Quick quiz
• What is the name of the red pigment in blood?– Haemoglobin
• Which component of blood is responsible for clotting?– Platelets
• Which type of blood cell has a nucleus?– White blood cells
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Quick quiz
• What are the names of the chambers at the top of the heart?– Atria
• What is the name of the small blood vessels that are spread throughout the body?– Capillaries
• Name the three parts of the cardiovascular system– Blood vessels, heart, blood