The Carbon, Oxygen & Nitrogen Cycles • Take a deep breath.• Let it out.• What did you breathe in?• What did you breathe out?

ALL CYCLES ANIMATED:

http://www.eastmarinedrive.com/edulinks/object.htm

Carbon cycle animation:

http://epa.gov/climatechange/kids/carbon_cycle_version2.html

http://www.nodvin.net/snhu/SCI219/demos/Chapter_3/Chapter_03/Present/animations/51_1_2_1.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3SZKJVKRxQ

The Carbon, Oxygen & Nitrogen Cycles

Carbon and the Carbon CycleThe element carbon is a basic constituent of all living organisms. Its atoms combine easily with other atoms to form a huge variety ofmolecules. Some of these (carbon dioxide, bicarbonate )have names which make it obvious they are carbon based, while others( glucose, coal ) you just have to remember.

All cells – whether animal, plant or bacteria – contain carbon because they all contain proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Plant cell walls for Example are made of cellulose, a carbohydrate.

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Carbon_Cycle-animated_forest.gif

Carbon and the Carbon Cycle

Living organisms need carbon in order to:

- Photosynthesis : Green plants get their carbon from thecarbon dioxide in the air, which enters the leaves and is used forenergy. A product of photosynthesis is glucose – anothercarbon-based compound.

- Eating : In animals glucose reacts with oxygen to produce energy -(with carbon dioxide as a by-product).

- Deoxyribonucleic Acid or DNA: Carbon compounds areessential cellular building-blocks.

The Carbon CycleCarbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere by plants through photosynthesis.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Animals eat plants, release Carbon dioxide

Decomposers return carbon to abiotic factors in the environment

Exchanged between the oceans and the atmosphere

Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

Large portions of carbon are stored in rocks

`

OXYGEN-CARBON DIOXIDE CYCLE

OXYGEN PRODUCER

ANIMALS USE THE OXYGEN

CARBON DIOXIDE

PRODUCER

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

DISSOLVING

Transpiration

Photosynthesis

Respiration

CO2

Formation

Oxygen + water vapor

oxygen

decay

deca

y

DRAW THE CARBON CYCLE p. 541-543

DRAW & LABEL

1. ARROWS CO2

2. VOLCANO

3. ANIMAL

4. DEAD MATTER

5. FACTORY

6. CAMP FIRE

DRAW & LABEL

7. ARROWS O2

8. PLANTS GIVE OFF

9. ANIMALS & FIRE TAKING IN OXYGEN

ANIMATION OF WATER CYCLE:

3 parts to click in animation of a water molecule:

Ocean,

river,

ground water

http://www.planetguide.net/book/chapter_2/water-cycle1.html

Animation of water cycle

http://www.eastmarinedrive.com/edulinks/object.htm

The Water Cycle

EvaporationOn a warm, __ day, water in a glass seems to slowly disappear. This is because the energy from the sun is __ the water up and turning the liquid water into water __

. This process is called ___ . When the water __ , it becomes an invisible gas in the __

. Evaporation takes place all over the earth, but especially in the _ and __

where there is lots of water.

sunny

heating

Vapor evaporation

evaporatesAtmosphere

oceans lakes

The Water Cycle

CondensationAs the water vapor rises, it cools off and _into water __ .

If the water vapor becomes extremely cold, it will form ice __

instead of water droplets.

As the water droplets or ice crystals grow bigger and more numerous, they form __ .

condenses

droplets

crystals

clouds

The Water CyclePrecipitationIf water droplets or ice crystals become too __ they can’t stay in the air. They __ . Water droplets precipitate as __ and ice crystals precipitate as __ . Sometimes, the rain freezes before it hits the earth and precipitates as ___ .

heavy

precipitate

rain

hail

snow

The Water Cycle

Run OffThis precipitation gathers into __

and that flow down to the

lakes and oceans. This is called __ .

Not all of the water makes it back to the oceans and lakes right away. Some of it is used by animals and _ . Some is frozen into __ . Eventually, the animals and plants breathe the water out and the glaciers melt, releasing the water back into the water __ .

rivers

streams

Run off

plantsglaciers

cycle

freezing

condensation

precipitation

evaporationinfiltration

runoffcapillary action

evapotransporation

ANIMATION: http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/watercycle/

DRAW THE WATER CYCLE p. 455-457

1.OCEAN- EVAPORATION

2.CLOUD- CONDENSATION

3.CLOUD- PRECIPITATION

4.LAND- SURFACE RUNOFF

5.PLANTS- TRANSPIRATION

6.ANIMAL- RESPIRATION

7.ARROWS SHOWING CYCLE

http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/watercycle/index.html

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/kids/flash/flash_watercycle.html

ANIMATION OF THE NITROGEN CYCLE

http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_science_share/vis_sim/em05_pg20_nitrogen/em05_pg20_nitrogen.html

http://www.eastmarinedrive.com/edulinks/object.htm

The Carbon, Oxygen & Nitrogen Cycles

The Carbon, Oxygen & Nitrogen Cycles

The Carbon, Oxygen & Nitrogen Cycles

Part of a clover root system bearing naturally occurring nodules of Rhizobium, bacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen. Each nodule is about 2-3 mm long.

Nodule filled with bacteria

bacteria

The Nitrogen Cycle78% of the air around us is Nitrogen. Living things need nitrogen to make proteins, but they cannot get it directly from the air because nitrogen gas is too stable to react inside an organism to make new compounds.

So nitrogen must be changed into a more reactive formto allow plants and animals to use it. Plants can take up and use nitrogen when it is in the form of urea or ammonium salts. Changing nitrogen into a more reactive substance is

called nitrogen fixation.

Nitrogen Fixation1. The energy in a lightening bolt can split the di-

atomicmolecule in the air allowing each nitrogen atom to reactwith oxygen to form nitrogen oxides. These oxides are washed to the ground by the rain

where

they form nitrates.

2. The nitrogen is used by industry to produceammonia from nitrogen. Ammonia is used to makefertilizer for farmers to feed their crops.

3. Bacteria found in the soil and in the root nodules of

leguminous plants fix nitrogen into a usable form.

Nitrogen compounds are returned to the soil

bywastes and decay from animals or whenPlants and animals die and decay.

The nitrogen compounds returned in this way

are changed back to nitrogen gas bydenitrifying bacteria which live in the

soilthus completing the cycle.

NITROGEN RETURNS

http://www.nicksnowden.net/Module_3_pages/nitrogen_cycle.htm

EXCRETION

78%

N + 0 = nitrates

N compound

NODULES-lump on roots /bacteria home

NITROGEN CYCLE- convert nitrogen gas into a usable form for plants & animals called Nitrogen fixation

NITROGEN gas used by bacteria

LEGUME-clover, alfalfa, beans, peas, peanuts

MUTUALISM-both plant & bacteria benefit from living together

NITRATES- bacteria waste

Nitrates absorbed

Animal eats the plant to get N compound (protein- builds muscle)

DECOMPOSERS-bacteria, fungi break down matter

N compound broken down to nitrogen gas

N+O= nitrates

Lightning fixes N gas in the air into

                                                      

LEGUME- CLOVER, BEANS.PEAS, PEANUTS

NODULES- lumps on the roots where bacteria live

NITROGEN CYCLE

BACTERIA take in N to produce a nitrogen compound-NITRATES

Plant absorbs it

Animals get the N compound in the body by eating plants.

PROTEIN needed to build muscle.

DECAY- bacteria decomposes matter

Nitrates

Lightning fixes N gas to a usable form

MUTUALISM-both legume & bacteria benefit from living together

DRAW THE NITROGEN CYCLE p. 426-427

1.Animal eating clover

2.Clover with knots on roots (LEGUME)

3.Dead animal matter or bones

4. LightningARROWS DRAWN & LABELED

5. 78% FREE N2 (in the air) going into the bacteria in the plant

ROOT

6. NODULES WITH bacteria taking in N2 and producing

N2 compound (nitrate)

7. Arrow from the roots into the plant

8. Label the green leaves with PROTEIN

9. Draw an arrow into the animal and label PROTEIN (N2 COMPOUND)

10. Bacteria in the soil breaks down wastes & returns to air N 2

11. Dead animal matter is broken down & free nitrogen returns to air.

1. Ammonia or Ammonium: (line pointing to fish) released from gills.   (pointing to dots) result of fish waste and the decay of uneaten food, dead plants and fish.2. Nitrosomonas: This bacteria eats ammonia and converts it to nitrite.3. Nitrobacteria: This bacteria eats nitrite and converts it to nitrate.4. Nitrate removal: Nitrate is used by plants as fertilizer and is also removed from the aquarium through evaporation and regular water changes.

1.2.

3.

The bacteria eat ammonia & converts it to eat the nitrites

& converts it to ….

Plant uses nitrates

CYCLES QUIZ

1.List 5 things producing carbon dioxide gas.

2. List 2 things taking in or absorbing carbon dioxide gas.

3. List 1 thing producing oxygen gas.

4. List 1 thing using or taking in nitrogen gas.

5. List 2 things producing nitrogen gas.

6. List 3 things producing a nitrogen compound.

7. List 5 major parts to a water cycle in sequence.

Nitrogen Fixation-Bacteria are responsible for this process.

Nitrification-Plants receive the components of the "fixed" nitorgen using nitrates in the soil to provide the nutrients they need.

Assimilation -Plant roots assimilate Nitrogen mainly in the form of nitrates while animals assimilate their nitrogen by eating the plants.

Ammonification-Ammonia is formed in the soil by the decompostion of plants and animals and by the release of animal waste.

Denitrification-This is the reduction of nitrates to gaseous nitrogen. Denitrifying bacteria perform almost the reverse of the nitorgen fixing bacteria.

three major processes involved in the nitrogen cycle.

Neither plants or animals can obtain nitrogen directly from the atmosphere. Instead, they depend on a process known as nitrogen fixation. Key players in this process are legumes and the symbiotic bacteria which are associated with the legume's root nodules. These bacteria are known as nitrogen-fixing bacteria. These organisms convert nitrogen in the soil to ammonia, which can then be taken up by plants. After nitrogen has been fixed, other bacteria convert it into nitrate, in a process known as nitrification. In the first step of this process, Nitrosomonas convert ammonia into nitrite, and in the second step, nitrite is converted into nitrate, by Nitrobacter. This nitrate is then consumed by plants.The final aspect of the nitrogen cycle is the process of denitrification. This process is performed by a variety of microscopic bacteria, fungi, and other organisms. Nitrates in the soil are broken down by these organisms, and nitrogen is released into the atmosphere. This complete the cycle.

What to do when you have a major water trouble.If your tank water becomes tremendously unbalanced, some symptoms may be observed before even testing and finding out so:-water goes cloudy-fish stomach indents-fish become sickIf you see these symptoms, test the water immediately. If the water is truly bad, here are some steps that can be taken:-Do a mandatory 35% water change-Add zeolite and carbon to your fish  filter (as seen in picture)

Do 25% water changes weekly until the levels return back to normal

Waste products decay into ammonia, and ammonia is a highly toxic substance to fish; it can in fact kill them relatively quickly, or cause them to go into shock (panting, hyperventilating, swimming erratically, laying in the sand, etc.).

NITROGEN FIXATION

1. BACTERIA fixes N gas to a usable form

2. LEGUMES will use the NITRATES given off by bacteria

3. Animals eat plants to get a N compound called PROTEIN to

build muscles.

4. Animal wastes & decomposition of body returns N compound (NITRATES) to the soil & N gas to the air.

5.Why is it necessary? We can’t absorb Nitrogen gas but we need a nitrogen compound (protein).

We get protein from the Nitrogen fixation to build muscles .

Match the lettered arrows on the diagram with the correct labels below. Type your answers in the boxes provided.

1. Nitrates absorbed from the soil by plant roots.

2. Animals gain nitrogen compounds by feeding.

3. Decay of wastes, dead plants and animals.

4. Haber process produces ammonium compounds.

5. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules convert atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates.

6. Denitrifying bacteria in soil convert soil nitrates to nitrogen in the air.

7. In thunderstorms lightning combines nitrogen and oxygen. The rainfall contains nitrates.

LITTER- dead leaves & grass

FERTILE topsoil

Subsoil-less fertile; more fragments

BEDROCK

HUMUS- dark soil made up of remains of decayed matter.

Poor soil management results in EROSION, NUTRIENT DEPLETION & DESERTIFICATION

SOIL- rock fragments + HUMUSHumus makes the soil fertile.

Plenty of nutrients

1. What layer of earth is most fertile?

topsoil

2. What is the dead organic matter in the soil called?

humus

3. What is soil? ?? + ??

Rock + decayed matter (humus)

4. Define erosion, no more than 4-5 words.

Carry away

5. Define fallow. P.. 425

unplanted

RESOURCES QUIZ

6. Rotating crops will help prevent ____. P. 426

nutrient depletion

7. How do we get a nitrogen compound into our body?

Eating plants or eating an herbivore.

8. What fixes nitrogen gas to a usable form for plants?

bacteria

9. What decomposes dead matter & releases nitrogen gas back to the air?

bacteria

10. What uses nitrogen gas?

bacteria

11. What’s the name of the plant group that have nodules?

legumes

12. A synonym for incineration.

burn

13. List the 3 R’s.

reduce, reuse, recycle

14. What is the job of decomposers?

Break down

15. Define corrosive on p. 439. Dissolve matter

16. Using a cloth bag each time for carrying groceries out is ____Reduce

17. If I buy a bottle of water & when it’s empty, I refill it with water each time, this is called _Reuse