The blood vessels. Arteries - ANATOM · Medulla spinalis, vertebrae cervicales Musculi,textus,...
Transcript of The blood vessels. Arteries - ANATOM · Medulla spinalis, vertebrae cervicales Musculi,textus,...
The blood vessels. Arteries
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Cardiovascular system consists of:
1) heart, cor;
2) blood vessels,
vasa sanguinea;
3) lymphatic vessels,
vasa lymphatica.
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Blood vessels are divided into:
1) arteries (transport blood from theheart);
2) veins (transport blood to theheart).
Lymphatic vessels carry the lymph tothe left and right vein corners.
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Distribution of the extraorganarteries:
1. Arteries are located onthe way of the nerve tube andnerves.
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Distribution of the extraorganarteries:
2. Arteries are divided into:
-parietal
- visceral
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Distribution of the extraorganarteries:
3. Each extremity gets onemain trunk.
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Distribution of the extraorganarteries:
4. Arteries of the trunk savethe segment structure.
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Distribution of the extraorganarteries:
5. Most of the arteries aredistributed as paired arteriesof the soma and visceral.
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Distribution of the extraorganarteries:
6. Arteries go together withveins and the lymphaticvessels, forming the commonvessel complex.
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Regularities of the arteries’ location
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Regularities of the arteries’ location
1. Arteries choose theshortest way to move tothe organ.
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Regularities of the arteries’ location
2. Arteries are locatedon the flexor surfaces ofthe body.
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3. Arteries are locatedin the grooves and canalsformed by bones, musclesand fascia, which protectblood vessels fromcompression.
Regularities of the arteries’ location
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4. Arteries enter theorgan on its concavemedial surface, whichfaces the blood supply.
Regularities of the arteries’ location
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5. Arteries form devicesaccording to the function of thebody:
a) vascular networks, rings andarcuate anastomoses areformed in the organs associatedwith movements.
Regularities of the arteries’ location
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5. Arteries form devices according to thefunction of the body:
b) the caliber of the arteries isdetermined not only by the size of theorgan, but also its function;
c) due to the latter, the endocrine glandshave numerous power sources.
Regularities of the arteries’ location
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Кровоносні судини серця (корозія)
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The wall of an adult arteryconsists of three membranes:
- internal,
- medium,
- external.
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The inner shell (tunica intima) is
formed by a layer of endothelial cells,
a subendothelial layer and a basement
membrane.
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The middle membrane (tunica
media) is formed by circular fibers of
unstriated muscle tissue and elastic
fibers.
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The outer shell (tunica externa)
contains loose connective tissue with
vascular vessels (vasa vasorum) and
vascular nerves (nervi vasorum).
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Inner and outer elastic membranes
(membrana elastica interna et
membrana elastica externa) are
placed between the shells.
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Стінка артерії і вени м׳язового типу. (НЕ х 400).
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Структура кровоносних судин
(середній калібр, м’язовий тип), схема.
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The large arteries (the aorta and its
large branches) are arteries of the elastic
type, because their walls are dominated by
elastic fibers and membranes. They
increase in diameter after the ejection of
blood mass by heartbeat. This expansion
spreads to subsequent arteries, and thus
a pulse wave is formed that travels along
the walls of the arteries in the distal
direction, helping the heart to push blood
to the periphery.
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Artery of elastic type. The aortic wall (НЕ х 80).
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The arteries of medium and small caliber
are dominated by muscular elements
(arteries of the muscular type), the
contractile function of which helps the
further movement of blood to the
periphery. In arteries of muscular-elastic
(mixed) type, there are almost the same
number of muscle cells and elastic fibers
in the middle membrane (for example,
subclavian and femoral arteries).
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By the nature of the branches, the
arteries are distinguished by the main type
of branches, loose and mixed types of
branches.
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According to the main type of branches,
the lateral branches depart from the well-
defined main trunk of the artery (for
example, the superior mesenteric artery),
and according to the placer type, the
artery is initially divided into terminal
branches (for example, the internal iliac
artery).
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The vessel that provides blood flow
bypassing the main pathway is called the
collateral vessel, the vas collaterale. The
vessel that connects the lateral branches of
one arterial trunk or different trunks of one
main vessel is called the anastomotic vessel,
(vasa anastomotica). In accordance with this,
there are:
1) intrasystem anastomoses (for example -
Zakharchenko-Wallenberg circle);
2) intersystem anastomoses (for example -
Vilisian circle).
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Arteries and veins are very
variable with structure, which
should be considered in the
clinic.
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Arcus aortae /
Ventriculus
sinister /
Aorta thoracica /
Aa.
digitales/
Medulla spinalis, vertebrae cervicales
Musculi,textus,
glandulae thyroideae,
cinguli membri
superioris
M.
pectoralis,
m.axillaris
Brachii et
cubitus
Margo
antebrachii
lateralis
Glandula
mammaria,
pericardium
Margo
antebrac
hii ulnaris
Aa.
digitales/
A.Radi
alis
siniste
r/
A.Ulna
ris
siniste
r/
Truncus
thyrocervicalis
sinister/
A.
Vertebralis
sinister/
A. carotis
communis
dexter/
A. subclavia
sinistra /
A. subclavia
dexra /
A. Brachialis
sinister/
Truncus
brachiocephalic
us/
A. Brachialis
dexter/
A. Axillaris
dexter/
A.Radi
alis
dexter/
A.Radi
alis
dexter/
A. Axillaris
sinister/
A.thoracic
ae internae
sinister/
A.thoracic
ae
internae
dexter/
Truncus
thyrocervicalis
dexter/
A.
Vertebralis
dexter/
A. carotis
communis
sinister/
A. Bronchialis/
Medulla
spinalis,vertebra
e, musculi dorsi,
cutis
A. Pericardiaci/
Pericardium
A. Esophagealis /
Oesophageus
A. Mediastinalis/
Mediastinalis
Rami viscerales /
Rami parietales /
Aorta
thoracica/
A. Intercostalis /
A. phrenicae
superiores/
Medulla
spinalis,vertebrae,
musculi dorsi,
cutis, diaphragma
Tractus
respiratorii
Rami viscerales / Rami parietales /
Aorta
abdominalis/
A. sacralis
mediana
A. gastrica
sinistra/
A. lienalis/
A. mesenterica
superior/
A. hepatica
communis/
A. mesenterica
inferior/
Trun
cus
coeli
acus/
A. phrenica
inferior/
Aa. lumbales/
Glandula suprarenalis/A.
suprarenalis/
A. renalis/
A. iliaca
communis
Ren/
Diaphragma
Medulla spinalis,
vertebrae, regio lumbalis
Pancreas, intestinum
tenue, appendix
vermiformis
Intestinum crassum
Splen,
gaster,pancreas
Hepar, gaster,
vesica fellea,
duodenum,
pancreas
Gaster
Aorta
abdominalis
A.
sacralis
medianaArteria iliaca
communis
dexter
Arteria iliaca
communis
sinister
Pelvis et
Membrum inferius
dexter
Membrum
inferius
dexter
A. iliaca
externa
A. iliaci
interni
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