42E12NE8381 3.14905 LEDUC 010

Report

on the

Max Min II Horizontal Loop Survey

of

The Blackwater Lake Project

of

Founder Resources Inc.

By: M. MichaudFeb. 11, 1992

42EI2NE8381 2 .14985 LEDUC 010C

Table of Contents

Introduction

Location and Access

Property Geology

Horizontal Loop EM Survey Procedure

Survey Results

Conclusions and Recommendations 12

References 14

Certificate of Qualifications 15

Appendix A : Property claims Listing

Appendix B : Apex Pararnetrics Max Min II Manual

List of Figures

Figure l : Property Location Map

Figure 2 : Property Claim Group

Figure 3 : Property Grid Sketch

Horizontal Loop Survey Profiles: End of Report

i) West Sheet - 444 Hz

li) East Sheet - 444 Hz

iii) West Sheet - 1777 Hz

iv) East Sheet - 1777 Hz

iiaekwater Lake Property

introduction

A Max Min li Horizontal Loop Survey was completed between

January 13, 1992 and February 2 , 1 992 over the Blackwater

Lake Property of Founder Resources Inc. The Blackwater Lake

Property, located south of and adjacent to the Town- of

Jellicoe, Ontario, consists of 48 contiguous, unpatented

mining claims (Appendix A).

The survey was conducted along 400 foot spaced grid lines

covering all 48 mining claims totalling 40.34 line miles.

The survey was completed to better delineate and define

airborne electromagnetic anomalies and to determine their

association with known gold zones.

Location and Access

The Blackwater Lake Property, located in the Mining District

of Thunder Bay, is approximately 220 kilometers northeast of

the City of Thunder Bay along Provincial Highway 11 (Figure

l and Figure 2 ) .

The property is easily accessible along Highway 11 and a

number of abandoned logging roads.

kilomttrti O

M.Itt O

Sell* 1:2 000 000 (Appro*.)SO _______100 kilomiuei

100 M.ll.l

Figure 1

I74ZJO 1874211 . 874JJ8|- —H--—W---r *HE^a*jf ,/ l B7 ^ J? 41

~~ ~H.~J/" H- - — 1 ~ ~

W W**, W'MWC-- -H---- f-

88S28J yt*vya{ ^U.

s l '(Bicrfl\*^~**C97T

— i y r . t i*10 l WA^P j .

Ljsae 19-16*040 l|- —- ' -j — — 7J 1183603T—————— ———-——— ————r - . ———. ————— ————— j 1)^^^^^^^^

1)63599lH636( l 111636021 4---,r - ' L— -.i-'-t'^T c3

O 200 1000Adapted Irorn claim map G-169

FOUNDER RESOURCES INC.

Figure 2 BLACKWATER LAKE PROPERTY

CLAIM MAP

Leduc TownshipOntario

NTS42E/11melres

Property Geology

The Blackwater Lake Prooerty is underlain by a distinctive

metavoicanic - metasedimentary sequence. The Northern

Blackwater Sequence, located from the northshore of Black

water Lake to Highway 1 1, c onsists of massive and pillowed

mafic volcanics with a minor amount of interbedded east-west

striking, steeply dipping, greywackes and iron formations.

The sedimentary sequence in the southern and central portion

of the property, consists of predominately greywackes with

several large dioritic intrusives of irregular geometry.

Several north to northeast trending splay faults . from the

Watson Lake Fault traverse the property. Metamorphism of

this portion of the greenstone belt is of lower greenschist

facies.

Gold on the property occurs with pyrite and arsenopyrite

within quartz veins and stockworks in iron formations, and

in quartz stringers and veinlets concordant to iron forma

tion beds. The association of quartz veining with iron

formation has produced economic gold deposits in the past,

such as the MacLeod Cockshutt Mine and the Hard Rock Mine

both of which are located along this greenstone horizon near

Geraldton, Ontario.

Horizontal Loop Electromaqnetic (EM) Survey Procedure

The horizontal Loop EM System, developed in Sweden in the

early 1960's, is the most popular EM System in use today.

The transmitter and receiver are interconnected by a refer

ence cable permitting the measurement of the electromaqnetic

field (primary plus secondary) at the receiver as a percen

tage of the theoretical primary field at the receiver. The

components measured are the in-phase and out-of-phase in

percentage of the primary field (Appendix B),

The horizontal loop EM Survey was conducted using the

in-line array, with co-planar coils moving in tandem along

traverse lines perdendicular to the geological strike. The

survey was completed along 400 foot spaced, north-south grid

lines with reading stations at 100 foot intervals (Figure

3). The horizontal seperation between the transmitter and

receiver coils was 400 feet. Two frequencies, 444 Hz and

1111 H Z, were tread for comparison and the results were

plotted at a position midway between the transmitter and the

receiver. Any cletermineable conductors were extrapolated

from line ?;o line where ever possible (See Max Min II Profile

Maps at the end of this report).

2700N—

L12W

6900S-

B.L.O

L112E

FOUNDER RESOURCES INC.

Figure 3 BLACKWATER LAKE PROPERTY

Grid SketchLeduc Township

Ontario NTS 42E/11

Results

The horizontal loop survey was extremely useful in delineat

ing conductors on the property and in determining their

conductivities and approximate depths and widths. A coil

seperation of 400 feet was used over the entire grid and two

frequencies, 444 Hz and 1777 Hz, were read at 100 feet

intervals.

Parallel conductors "A" and "B", located in the central and

southern portion of the property, are both steeply dipping

to the south. Both conductors are 10 - 20 feet deep at the

eastern extremity and 50 - 60 feet deep at the western end.

Conductor "A" is narrow in width with a high conductivity

of up to 60 mhos along the eastern portion. Conductor

"B" is a wider conductor, up to 150 - 200 feet wide, and

conductivities are only 10 - 20 mhos. The width of this

conductive zone and the double-dipped, negative, in-phase

peak may indicate closely spaced, parallel conductors. Both

conductors "A" and "B", which are open to the west, corres

pond with topographic lineaments and may represent a struc

tural zone of semi-mass i ve sulphide assemblage and/or

graphite.

Conductor "c", steeply dipping with a strike length of

.approximately 5200 feet, is widest in the central portion and

narrow and anastamosing along the eastern portion. The

8

conductor is 30 - 60 feet deep snd its conductivity is

moderate, up to 25 mhos, and consistent aloruj its length.

Slightly weaker conductivities along the western portion of

the conductor may be done to masking by lake bottom sedi

ments. Conductor "C", open to the east, may represent a

graphite horizon with -a massive to semi-massive sulphide

assemblage corresponding to a structural/topographic linea

ment .

Three parallel, narrow, closely spaced conductors, referred

to as "D" on the map, have a lateral extent of approximately

1000 feet. The conductors are 30 - 60 feet deep with

conductivities of 15 - 60 mhos. The number of parallel

conductors is determined by the number of dips comprising the

in-phase negative peak. These conductors may be somewhat

obscurred by the extremely rough terrain in the vicinity,

and this effect may be indicated by the relatively smooth

out-of-phase curve.

Conductor "E", steeply dipping and extending laterally for

4800 feet, is narrow, anastamosing and on average 40 - 50

feet deep with a conductivity of 20 - 30 mhos. Between

L84 + QO E ,:tnd L88+00 E, the conductor is 10 -15 feet deep

with conductivities up to 50 mhos. Conductor "E", open to

the east, may represent a graphitic horizon with a sulphide

assemblage in the area of greatest conductivity.

Conductor "F", with a lateral extent of approximately 1200

feet, is narrow and steeply dipping at a depth of 100 -

120 feet and a conductivity of 30 -40 mhos. This deep,

strong conductor may represent a graphite horizon and/or a

sulphide assemblage.

Conductors "G" and "H", located in the southwest portion of

the property, are dipping 75 - 85 degrees to the south with

conductivities of 35 - 40 mhos. These conductive zones are

up to 100 feet wide, but may be partially masked by the

effect of lake bottom sediments. Conductor "G" is 60 - 80

feet deep and conductor "H", is 125 - 150 feet deep. Both

conductors end abruptly to the east, possibly truncated by a

known fault. Conductor "H" open to the west, and conductor

"G" may represent a graphitic zone and/or sulphide assem

blage .

Conductor "I" is narrow and gently anastamosing with depths

of 100 - 120 feet and a consistent conductivity of 20 - 30

mhot;. The west end of the conductor is possibly truncated by

a known fault. The strength and consistency of the conduc

tivity suggest a graphite horizon is the cause for this

response.

As a steeply dipping, narrow and strong conductor, "J" is 15

- 30 Eeet deep with conductivities of 40 - 50 mhos. The

conductivity of conductor "J" between L40 + 00 E and L56-J-00 E

10

is no r o 70 mhos. This area ut" higher conductivity is

flanked by a magnetic anomaly and may represent a semi-

massive to massive pyrite/pyrrhotite assemblage.

Conductors "K" and "L", occurring in the central portion of

the property and extending across almost the entire width of

the claim group, are generally narrow in width with an

exception being the western portion of conductor "L" under

Blackwater Lake where the conductor is up to 100 feet wide

and 100 - 125 feet deep. Along both conductors, the depth of

40 - 60 feet with a conductivity of 20 - 35 mhos is relativ

ely consistent. The only areas of exception are along

conductor "K" between L36+00 E - L52+00 E and L88+00 E -

LlOOfOO E where the depths are estimated at 10 - 15 feet and

a conductivity of +60 mhos. Due to the strong lateral

extent, inconsistent and strong conductivities and a corres

ponding magnetic anomaly, these conductors may represent a

graphitic horizon with a number of areas of semi-massive

sulphide assemblages (ie. pyrite/pyrrhotite).

Conductor "M" is steeply dipping, relatively narrow and

linear with a weak, consistent conductivity of 13 - 20 mhos.

The estimated depth of the conductor is 60 - 80 feet and may

be comprised of graphite and/or sulphide assemblages of

pyrite and pyrrhotite.

Conductor "N" dips vertically and is generally narrow, except

11

at the western end, where widths are in the order of 50 feet.

The average conductivity is 15 - 25 mhos but is as high as 40

- 50 mhos between L44+00 E to L52+00 E. The average depth of

the conductor is 40 - 60 feet. The conductor, which did not

produce a significant response between L28+00 E and L36+00

E, may represent a sulphide assemblage of pyrite/purrhotlte

in the areas of highest conductivity. The conductor is

possibly truncated by a fault at the western end.

Conductor "O" is a gently anastamosing, pinch and swell

(from very narrow to 125 feet wide in the vicinity of L36+00

E) f vertically dipping conductor with signifigant lateral

extent. The western half of the conductor is estimated to

be at a depth of 60 - 80 feet and a conductivity of 25 - 30

mhos, while the eastern half of the conductor has a signifi-

gantly higher conductivity of 40 - 55 mhos and an estimated

depth of 20 - 30 feet.

with only 1400 feet of lateral extent, conductor "P" is

narrow and vertically dipping at an estimated depth of 30

- 50 feet and a conductivity of 30 - 40 mhos.

12

Cone l us ions

The horizontal loop survey was successful in delineating and

better defining a number of conductive horizons occurring on

the property. The conductive horizons are typically narrow,

ranging from 5-15 feet, although widths of 150 were

encountered in the calculations. The majority of the

conductors were of moderate conductivity, ranging from 20 -

40 mhos, with local sections up to 70 mhos.

Recommendations

1) All of the conductors on the property, especially the

conductors that represent a sulphide assemblage, should be

validated using any number of exploration techniques such as

diamond drilling, overburden stripping, soil sampling and/or

geological mapping.

2) Due to the association of gold with sulphides in iron

formation hosted quartz veins, exploration efforts should

concentrate on EM anomalies with a corresponding magnetic

anomaly. This Is particularly exemplified along conductors

"J,K,L,M,N and O" between L24+00 E and L72+00 E.

3) A VLF Survey, with less than 25 foot station intervals,

should be completed over conductive horizons that are

13

thouaht to represent closely spaced, parallel conductors

(ie. Multiple - dipped negative In - Phase peaks). This

information will help to better determine the number of and

location of these conductors.

4) The closeness of conductors "J,K and L" between L36+OQ E

and L52+00 E may be an area of possible folding or intersec

ting structures. This area warrants further examination.

5) Exploration efforts should also concentrate on areas

where the conductors crosscut stratigraphic boundaries or

structural zones.

Respectfully Submitted

Michael J. Michaud

References

Ketola, Matti and Maunu Puranen, 1967, Type Curves for the interpretation of Slingram (horizontal loop) anomalies over tabular bodies, "Geological Survey of Finland", Report of Investigations No. 1.

Ketola, Matti, 1968, The interpretation of Slingram (horizon tal loop) anomalies by small-scale model measurements, "Geological Survey of Findland", Report of Investigations No. 2.

Kowalski, B., Sept. 25, 1991, "Geobotanical Survey on the Blackwater Lake Property", Assessment File for Leduc Town ship, Thunder Bay Assessment Office.

Van Blaricom, Ricard, 1972, Practical Geophysics For the Exploration Geologist, "Northwest Mining Association".

Certificate of Qualifications

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT:

1. I, Michael Michaud, am presently residing at 1395 N.

Riverdale Rd,, in Thunder Bay, Ontario,

2. I am a graduate of the University of Waterloo's Honours

Earth Science Program as of April, 1987

3. I have been actively engaged in mineral exploration

since 1985.

4. I am a member of the Geological Association of Canada

and the Prospectors and Developers Association.

5. I hold no, nor do I expect to hold any, direct or

indirect interest in the forementioned property.

S

Michael J. Michaud

Appendix A

Claims Listing

Blackwater Lake Property Claims Listing

Leduc Townshio: TBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTB

886280886281886279886282886278886283886277886273886274886275886276886314886315^886316:8863171100708"1100709-

TBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTB

886310886311886312-386313--8863068863078863088863091139944^1139945-1139946-1139947^1139948^1148747^1148751"1148752^

Clist Lake Area TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB

1166039^ 1166040U1166041V/ 1183597- 1183598" 11 83599^ 1183600t/ 1183601^

TB TB TB TB TB TB TB

1183602^ 1183603^ 1183604^ 1183605^ 1183606^- 1187869-^ 1187870*x

Appendix B

Apex Parametrics Max Min li Manual

K Five frequencies: 222, 444, BBS, 1777 and 3SS5 Hz,

M Maximum coupled C horizontal-loop J, operation with reference cable. ' N

f" Minimum coupled operation with reference cable.

r " Vertical-loop operation without reference cable.

r Coil separations: 25, 5O,1OO,15O, SOO and SSO m (with cable! or 100,500,300,000, BOO and SOO ft.

Reliable data from depths of up to IBOm CSOOft),

Built-in voice communication circuitry with cable,

•' T ilt meters to control coil orientation,

, r", 3 o

ceiver cd' piane Horizontal fVlnx-r/m ,nmrj; Mor-'.'orT.ni-lcjoa r-ioaoi Lr jr.-..: vvitn n.:*(jr. CiJDle .

T'-nn. ;n irLU-r i ;CJH pLine fKTnvon- t.ai and rtH.f.'i-.'er coil D'ane ver- Licai l IV1 in -coupled moaeJ LJf^en vV'rn r'ofe^or^r:t-? cable

Usea r^ererence H.ifc;: nes.

c?;7 ;, LDa.1Oa.15O.SaO SSSOm (MMD3 or 1OO, 2OO. 3OO. 4OO,BOOandBOO ft. crviMHF)Coil separations in VL.mode not re stricted to fixed values.

m-Phase ana Quadrature compo nents of the secondary f;eid m MAX Rnn M IN i

'i. I'.omar.i.." : i x n.-;7 rYjrj'.^o^c c.v 3D mm (35") edgewise rneters rl MAX o^c MI^J '-".~CCC .N\lo r.^,1- mg or compensation necessary .

-.^, : .r SCI"'.:"- edge- in v L. moan

3QC

battery -.C'ui i.:-.-

Lignt weignt 2-conauctcr cable for minimum friction ed. All reference canies at extra COG*.

Built-in .nter r- - - - - , - •

Bu'ic-m signal .vie: -- "S hg"ts tc •••.. v. readings .

-4O"C LO -6O 0 C , -

G k p ! ""3 :hs )

l•m

M il

3teiUs

Pnone: i416)

il O'.,. K-lr^t^."^ O 25 '/. T., t : 1 V. . ^ pec

2OO STEELCASE RD. E..

Cables: APEXPARA TOPlOrvl w M s t ***O6-966775 APEXPARA

Five frequencies: 111, 222, aaa, BBB and 1777 Hz., —— —— —— ——. ra. t W f f fi *t l

Maximum coupled C horizontal-loop 3 operation with reference cable.

Minimum coupled operation with reference cable.

Vertical-loop operation without reference cable.

Coil separations: SO, 1OO, 15O, 2OO , SCO and 3OO m C with cable 3 or 2OO, 300,400, BOO, BOO and 1OOO ft.

Reliable data from depths of up to !21Om C7OOft2.

Built-in voice communication circuitry with cable.

Tilt meters to control coil orientation.

V \•* x

111. 222. 8BB ana 1 777 Hz

MAX Transmitter coil plane and re ceiver coil plane horizontal CMax-coupled; Horizontal-loop mode) Used with refer, cable

M l N: Transmitter coil plane horizon - tal and receiver coil plane ver tical (Mm- coupled mode). Used with reference cable.

V. L. Transmitter coil piane verti cal and receiver coil plane hori zontal (Vertical-loop mode). Used without reference cable , in parallel lines.

50, 1QO, 15O, 2OO. 25O and 3OO m (MMIH) or aoo, 3OO.4OO, SOO. BOO and 1000 ft C MMIHF3. Coil separations in VL.mode not re- scricted to fixed values .

- In -Phase and Quadrature compo nents of the secondary field i n MAX ana M IN modes.

- Tilt-angie ; . ^ ..^.j. r.^^ . - mode .

- Automatic, direct readout on 9Omm C3.5") edgewise meters in MAX and MIN modes. No null- ng or compensation necessary .

- Tilt angle and null in 9Omm edge wise meters in V.L.mooe .

,n-Phase.

Tilt:Null (VI _ l'

•/. ,i-!QG7. Dy push button switch

. -i-.LJ -i - '^j^ - " .-, , ...,;j - button switcn. i 75 "/o slope Sensitivity adjustaoie by separation switch.

In-Phase and Quadrature : O.25 V. to 0. 5 V. ; Tilt: 1 V. .

0x.to H 0/,on t. or: : -...01113, * separation usecj

- 1 1 1 Hz . SOQALrr.- 22SHz . 55C A-.--- 44*3Hz : 3CX3AT-.-- BBS Hz ,:

9V trans -adm 'Life: aoprox. 35nr~;2,. :.:ont. m

weather

Rechargeaoie t,.- Totei capacity ^ *'-''' (Two 14.4V 1A chargers s.

Light weight 2-conductor cefton cable for minimum f nation, unshield ed. All referenr-n- ,~^r-^**^ ^,^ at extra cost . J •va&tr

™^p^

2l

Built-m inter

n MAX ana IV" ferencu caon-

Built-in Signal anc] r-o'ere"u ing lights to maicace eivu readings .

- 4O"c to -se 1 ";:

Typ ,rn''v ^CY?- -^n^ * . i T! — .

Shippeo

2OO STEELCASE OD E

Cables: APEXPARA TORONTO

^.'vi. ON 7., C

Teiex : Q6-S66773

SAXMIN II EM SYSTEM OPERATIONS MANUAL

uly 1 977 Amended June 1978

THE TRANSMITTER

INSTALLATION AND CARRYING INSTRUCTIONS

.l.i. The method of putting on the transmitter is pretty well self-evident, le battery-pack is installed on the lower back with th6 belt fastened.fairly .ghtly around the waist, just above the hips. The console is installed .on the lest with each cross-strap going under one armpit and above the opposite'.-shoulder, le transmitter coil is next suspended from the shoulders. The retracjil.e.:cables are len used to connect the battery box to the console. 4

1.2. For short walks, such as between stations in ''easy" terrain, the coil is est left in its normal position. It can be kept from swinging with one steadying ind. For longer walks, such as between lines, or for short walks under "difficult" ^nditions, the coil is best cocked onto one shoulder. Additional carrying hints ir rough terrain are given in section 4.6.

1.3. Before starting in motion the transmitter operator should take a tight Id on the reference cable with one hand. This is advisable, even when the safetyip is connected. When the transmitter operator is leading the procession, he will ike undue strain off the safety clip by pulling the cable by hand. He will also roid unpleasant surprises, such as can happen if the receiver operator gets suddenlyto trouble. When the transmitter operator is following the procession, he will !ain be able to take undue strain off the safety clip, as well as restraining sudden )rward jerks, by taking a tight hold on the cable before starting in motion.ward

"Pi

2.

1.1.4. Precautions should be taken to keep the coil windings at least 6 inches from the transmitter console and battery box. Failure to do this will jeopardize getting a full day's output from the transmitter.

1.2. BATTERY TEST

1.2.1. The "Batt-Test" button is depressed with the transmitter switch "On" and the coil kept away from large metallic objects, including the transmitter console and battery box.

1.2.2. When the meter needle reads below the "Batt OK" area on the dial, the batteries must be recharged in order to obtain valid data. The batteries should not be stored t| for any period of time in a discharged condition. They should be recharged before storage.

1.2.3. The battery test should be made at the lowest frequency used. This is where the maximum current drain occurs. Occasionally, however, it is done at all other frequencies ~ a check on the operation of the transmitter. A detuned coil and certain other mal-

Ktions will result in a "low" test reading, even when the batteries are fully charged.

1.3. TRANSMITTER OPERATION

1.3.1. A specimen of the transmitted signal in thej intercom speaker indicates thatthe transmitter is "on". At the highest frequency of 3555Hz the specimen may not be clearlyaudible because the transmitter output is reduced with increasing frequency.

1.3.2. In the max- and min-coupled modes, the "Frequency" switch is turned to theposition dictated by the receiver operator on the intercom. The "On/Off" switchis then switched to "On" and the coil is tilted as dictated by the receiver operator.

1.3.3. In the vertical loop mode, the plane of the coil is held vertical (as indicated by a bubble level on the coil) and pointed toward the receiver operator. There is no intercom connection for this mode. Lung-power or a pre-arranged system of timing are the alternatives.

lv

i

1.4. TRANSMITTER INTERCOM SYSTEM

1.4.1. In the max- and min-coupled modes, i.e. in the cable-linked modes, the intercom system is operational at all times. It is not dependent on the position of the "On/Off 1 switch. But, the transmitter operator will not be able to talk to the receiver operator, when the receiver is "On". An attempt to reach the receiver operator will cause the reference signal light to flicker, and the meter needles to bounce around. In this way, the receiver operator will be alerted.

1.4.2. To communicate with the receiver end, the Tx operator simply presses the "PTT" switch and talks about 20 cm from the microphone, which is located on the top panel. A normal speaking voice is recommened. Shouting may cause distortion. Of course, the "PIT" switch is released for listening.

1.5. TILT CONTROL

In-Line Modes (Max - and Min-Coupled)

1.5.1. The "Tilt" meter on the control console is electrically linked to a tilt-sensitive device inside the coil housing, and it indicates the in-line tilt of the plane of the coil in l grade of slope. The range of the tiltmeter is +75I grade.

1.5.2. The "Tilt" meter has been installed for work in rough terrain. In flat terrain, where the plane of the transmitting coil,is normally held horizontal, it is a little quicker to use the appropriate bubblejlevel on the coil.

Vertical Loop Mode

1.5.3. The "Tilt" meter plays no role in this mode. There is a bubble level onthe ;?il for keeping its plane vertical.

1.6. TX BATTERIES

1.6.1. Rechargeable gel cells are used in the transmitter, Globe part no.GC 1260-1B. Earlier MaxMin II 's may use .different capacity.obatteries than

- - . '-..the said GC1260-1B .which is a 12V - 6Ah omit. However, all complete batterypacks and battery"chargers are interchangeable between different MaxMin II's.IsTien ordering replacement batteries, the battery capacity (e.g. 6Ah, whichis printed on the side of the battery) should first be checked and thenstated on the order.

4.

1.6.2. The rate of battery discharge depends on the operating frequency, the airibient temperature, and the age of the batteries. The batteries discharge more rapidly at low frequencies and/or at cold temperatures. However, a full day of operation can be expected from a fully charged set of batteries, even under the most trying conditions . NOTE: The Apex WIITXBC battery charger can be operated alsofrom a 12VDC supply, such as a single car battery or a 12V vehicle system. This providesone more alternative to the use of a generator, where there are no electric power outletsavailable.2. THE RECEIVER

2.1. INSTALLATION AND CARRYING INSTRUCTIONS

2.1.1. The proper way to put on the receiver console is with the carrying strap passing under the left armpit and over the right shoulder, or vice-versa. This permits day-long carrying without undue strain on the neck.

2.1.2. For short trips, such as from station to station in "easy" terrain, it is ^asiest to leave the receiver in its front-mounted position with a steadying hand on

rthe lower part of one of the antenna rods. For long trips, such as between lines, or between stations in "difficult" terrain, it is best to slide the receiver unit into a side-held position, with a steadying hand on one of the antenna rods. The single shoulder strap makes for an easy change in position of the receiver unit. Additional carrying hints for extremely rough terrain are given in section 4.5..

2.1/3. Before starting in motion, the receiver operator should hold the reference cable firmly in one hand for the same reasons given in section 1.1.3.

2.2. BATTERY TEST

2.2.1. The batteries are tested with the receiver "On" and the "Mode" switch first in the "Batt Test* " position, and secondly in the "Batt Test-" position. If the tilt meter needle does not rise well above the low end of the "Batt OK" scale for either one of these tests, then the "low" batteries should be replaced.

2.2,2. If the "low" batteries are not replaced, they will very soon reach a point of depletion, where the "In-phase" and the "Out-of-phase" needles will "pin" cff the fine scale in opposite directions, even with the transmitter off. At this point, the batter)' test will he misleading because it will indicate that the

(batteries are fully charged. However, if very large, constant in-phase and cut-of - phase readings of opposite sign, e.g. -801 in-phase and *65!out-of-phase, are obtained for more than one station, a bad bank of batteries should be suspected--regardless ci the indication of the test.

5.

2.3. _____ TAKING READINGS

Cable -Linked Modes

2.3.1. The "Frequency" switch is turned to the desired position 222, 444, 888, 1777 or 3555 Hz. The "Mode" switch is turned to the desired position -"Max" (horizontal loop), "Min" (minimum coupled). The "Separation" switch is turned to l the appropriate distance position 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 or 250M, for example. i The transmitter operator is told the desired frequency of operation and the coil tilt via the intercom. The "On/Off switch is turned to "On" and the receiver is tilted to the slope detennined either from secant chaining i(see section 5), or from a direct inclinometer sighting.

2.3.2. The "In-Phase" and "Out-of -Phase" meters display the respective components of the anomalous field as a percentage of the primary field strength at the receiver. These readings will be absolute if the graduated "In-Phase" and "Out-of-Phase" compensator controls are locked in their central position, i.e. at the "5.00" mark on the dial, and the distance between the coils is correct.

.3.3. The fine scales -(201, O, +20I ) are normally in play. When a reading is beyond the range of the fine scale, the push-button to the right of the scale is depressed. This converts the range of the scale from -20, O, +20 to -100, O, +100

2.3.4. .. Before moving, to the next station the receiver operator instructs the transmitter operator to switch to "Of F'. The receiver operator then switches "Off" to save batteries , and perchance the transmitter operator wishes to communicate with him. There will be more on this point in section 2.5.

Vertical Loop Mode

2.5.5. Tlie 'Mode" switch is turned to "V.L.", the "Frequency" switch is turned to the desired position, and the "Separation" switch is turned to the appropriate distance position. There is no intercom system in this mode. Lung-power, or a pre-arranged time schedule, are necessary to co-ordinate the efforts of the receiverand the transmitter operators.

2.3.6. The "Tilt" meter is graduated in "* grade" rather than in "degrees". This means that the readings are the tangent of the angle contained by a horizontal plane and the turns of the receiver "at null", multiplied by 100. This is a close approx-

^tion to the vertical in-phase component of the secondary field, as a percentage the primary field strength at the receiver.

i*

6.

2.3.7. The null position of the receiver is found by observing the "In-Phase" meter. The "null" is indicated by a minimum reading on the "In-Phase" meter. The sensitivity of the nulling meter can be changed by the "Separation" switch. When this switch is set in the same position as the actual coil spacing, tilting the receiver for maximum coupling with the transmitter will give a 10(H reading on the "In-Phase" meter, in a neutral area.With this setting of the "Separation" switch, the "In-Phase" meter reading at "null" is a measure of the 'ellipticity xlOO 1 of the total field at the receiver. This is a first order approximation of the out-of-phase component of the secondary field along the axis of the receiving coil, as a percentage of the primary field strength at the receiver. However, the polarity of the out-of-phase component cannot be determined in this mode of operation. All values are positive.Under "noisy" conditions, the "In-Phase" meter time constant becomes longer, ^nd the "nulls" are more time consuming to obtain.

Auxiliary Mode

2.3.8. The "Mode" switch is turned to "AUX" for this mode. In this mode, the turns of the transmitter are held horizontal, while those of the receiver are tilted about the vertical for "null". When used in-line, this mode is akin to the min-coupled mode,

jout cable link.

2.4. CALIBRATION AND PHASE MIXING TESTS

2.4.1. It is a good practice to check the calibration and the amount of phase mixing in the receiver each day. It is recommended to do this upon starting in the morning, around mid-day and upon finishing in the evening. The procedure is'to move the "In-Phase" potentiometer 5 turns clockwise, or counter-clockwise, for each frequency in use and to note the in-phase and out-of-phase readings before and after the move. A typical example would be:

IN-PHASE OuT-OF-PHASE

Before After

-4* +4SS

-2*

2.4.2. Ideally, the in-phase reading should change by 501 for 5 turns, and the out-of- phase not at all during this test. The fact that this is not always the case can be of assistance in interpreting the results. Precautions should be taken to lock the potent iometer control in its central position (5.00) after this test.

2.4.3. Phase mixing in the extent of 11 to 21 out-of-phase per 501 change in the in-phase will cot cause serious interpretational errors. However, a large amount of phase mixing could affect the interpretation more seriously, and it should be removed

proceeding with the survey.

7.

procedure is first to remove the outer can of the receiver, as for changing the batteries. The removal of the outer can will expose a slot in the side panel, under the base of the left antenna rod. The numbers 35, 17, 8, 4, and 2 under this slot are abbreviations of the five system frequencies. A jeweller's screwdriver is inserted to turn the appropriate frequency potentiometer until the out-of-phase reading, following the 5-turn 501 in-phase change, is the same as it was before the change.

2.4.4. Should it not be convenient to remove the phase phase mixing as just des cribed, corrections to the readings can be made as follows: If the phase mixing tests show a change of -7* out-of-phase for a calibration change of +50* in-phase, then it would follow axiomatically with this equipment that there would be a +7I in-phase change for a change of + 50* out-of-phase. So, an anomalous reading, which appeared to be -40* ' in-phase and -60* out-of-phase, would be in error by the fact that the in-phase reading ! would be pushed in the negative direction by the anomalously negative out-of-phase l reading, while the out-of-phase reading would be pushed in the positive direction by the | anomalously negative in-phase reading. So the true in-phase reading would be j-40* *(60/50)x7*s -32* approximately, and the true out-of-phase reading would be j-601-(40/50) x7l s -65l approximately. Corrections of this magnitude affect the depth and conductivity -thickness estimates.

jjt,2.4.5. If the level of phase mixing is not kept small, then the topographic gradient ^

bc reflected in the out-of-phase readings, when working on secant-chained lines. .' point will be elaborated upon further in subsection 5.15. llh

li*Ift

2.5. RECEIVER INTERCOM SYSTEM . P^

2.5.1. The receiver operator can reach the transmitter operator at any time, as long as the reference cable is connected. He simply presses the "PTT" switch and talks,releasing it when the time comes to listen.

2.5.2. The receiver operator will onlv bp sble to hear the transmitter operator when the receiver "On/Off" switch is in the "Off" position. Nonetheless, the receiver operator will be aware of attempts to reach him, when the "On/Off" switch is in the "On" position, as described in sub-section 1.4.1. It would be more convenient to be able to receive the transmitter operator's spoken word at all times. But, there are reasons for not making this possible, which relate to eliminating "stray coupling" and inter ference effects from the readings.

2.6. TILT CONTROL AND MEASUREMENT

Ilkmn-

*

i it2.6.1. A tilt sensitive device inside the receiver is electrically linked to the l ,, tiluneter, which is mounted in the most convenient position for viewing. The device j n "^ ly sensitive to tilting in the direction perpendicular to the plane containing the

'receiver antennas, or perpendicular to the long dimension of the 'Tilt" meter.l IP*

2.6.2. When the "Mode" switch is in the "Max" or the "V.L." position, the 'Tilt" ' meter scale references the turns of the receiving coils to a horizontal plane. . ,

|*4I

il l

en the "ModeT switch is in the "Min" or the"Aux" position, the tiltmeter scale ref- ences the tfl^s of the receiving coil to a vertical plane.

The 'Tilt" meter scale is graduated in "S grade". The reason for using this it, rather than the conventional "degree", will become more apparent in Section 5, Lch deals with secant line chaining. In brief, the use of the * grade unit permits direct calculation of a topographic profile from the chaining notes. . "iermore,the mean slope between the two .coils can be "calculated .directly, by ding and averaging the slope values over the number of station intervals between the

when working in ^ grade. This cannot be done directly when working in degrees-- :ept for small values. For example, a rise of 1001 grade (450) over one station

^terval, followed by a rise of 01 grade (O0) over the next station interval, would give average of 0.001+0^/2 = 501 grade (26.60). A simple arithmetic average of 45Q and QO

Lopes is 22.50, which is 4.l0 less than the true average. The significance of (irking in 1 grade rather than in degrees in the vertical loop mode has already been scribed in sub-section 2.3.6.

6.4. For the Max-coupled mode, the receiver unit is suspended in front of the jerator as per section 2.1.2., with its antenna rods pointing upwards. The final ljustment to the tilting are made with one or two hands on the lower part of the antenna jd(s), or on the side(s) of the carrying case.

.6.5. For the min-coupled mode, the receiver carrying case is held on each side and the ensemble is raised, so that the antenna rods point backwards over the shoulders, jilting adjustments are made from this position. The single carrying strap slides across the shoulders when making the mode change.

i.6. For the vertical loop mode, the receiver unit can be held as in 2.6.4. However, operator must then face perpendicular to the line joining himself to the transmitter,

sfore tilting the receiver back and forth for a signal null, or a minimum. As statedsection 2.3.7., the latter position is indicated by a minimum reading on the "In-Phase"

iter. The operator may choose to hold the receiver otherwise for the vertical-loop 3e, but he must always bear in mind that the tilt-sensitive device only "works" when the

is tilted in a direction perpendicular to the long dimension of the "Tilt" meter kale.

BATTERIES

1.7.1. The receiver is powered by four small 9 volt radio batteries (NEDA 1604A or 604). For cold weather operation, the alkaline type, Mallory MN-1604 or Eveready No.552 s recommended. For warm weather operation either the carbon-zinc or the alkaline type an be used. The batteries are paired electrically into two separate 18 volt banks, one or the negative voltage and the other for the positive.

.7.2. The battery life depends on the ambient temperature and on the amount of "on" time. A set of new alkaline batteries will last for at least two days of very cold

operation and for two weeks of warm weather operation. Carbon-zinc batteries may for a full day of operation in cold weather; however, they will last a few days

m weather.

9.

2.7.3. The outer case of the receiver console must be removed in order to replace the batteries.

2.8. RECEIVER WARNING LIGHTS

2.8.1. The "S" (signal) light indicates when the noise signals received by the antenna coils are strong enough to affect the validity of the readings. If the light flickers the odd time, the readings will be quite valid. If it goes on steadily, or near-steadily, the readings will be invalid . This usually only happens very near to a powerline.

2.8.2. The "R" (reference) light lights up when no reference signal is arriving at the receiver. This can be dusto a break or a short circuit in the reference cable, to a non-functioning transmitter, or to the transmitter operator trying to use the intercom system during the transmitting cycle. It may be noticed, when working near dusk that the reference light glows very dimly, especially at the lowest frequency. This is normal. Only a bright light signifies trouble during the transmitting cycle. The odd quick flash of the reference light can be caused by external noise sources,but this will not affect the readings. Occasionally, water plus dirt in the reference cable connectors may cause the light to come on, particularly when using the higher frequencies. If this is suspected, then the connectors should be cleaned by a small brush.

2.8.3. Both the "S" and "R" lights are sheltered from bright daylight by the protruding upper housing of the "Out-of-Phase" meter and the operator's body. This position of the lights makes it easier to determine if they are illuminated on a bright day. At the same time, it can lead to their being obstructed by a bulky coat. For this reason, the operator should tuck in the pucker from time to time.

2.8.4. It will be found sometimes that the "In-Phase" and Out-of-Phase" meter needles arc quite "active" with little or no visible flashing of ilie "S" liglii.. This is particularly the case when working at 222 Hz with large coil spacings in areas of strong power line or spheric noise. Nonetheless, as long as the "S" light is essentially off, a good reading can be obtained by averaging the needle fluctuations . By way of demonstrating the point, a chart recording of the fluctuations of one of the meter needles about the "O" background level is shown for a very noisy area.

222Hz

Typical Patterns of In-Phase and Out-of-Phase Meter Needles in noisy Environment for a Coil Spacing of 200 Meters.

444Hz 88RHz 1777Hz 35S5H2

Time:4seconds per division.

10.

Clearly, an experienced operator would be able to make an accurate average (+1I) of the needle fluctuations at all frequencies even under such noisy conditions. However, more time would be required at 222Hz than at the other frequencies.

3. POTENTIAL PROBLEM AREAS NOT COVERED IN THE PRECEEDING SECTIONS

5.1. HUMIDITY IN THE RECEIVER CONSOLE

Although the receiver circuit boards have a protective coating, persistently high humidity levels in the receiver console can lead to invalid readings. When working under prolonged humid or wet conditions, the outer cover of the receiver should be removed every evening, and the unit should be suspended for two or three hours above a gentle heat source, such as a gasoline lantern. Care should be taken not to overheat the components.

5.2. HUMIDITY IN THE TRANSMITTER CONSOLE

Although the transmitter circuitry is less affected by humidity than the receiver? it is advisable to remove the outer case, and to treat the transmitter console in thesame manner as the receiver.

3.3. HUMIDITY IN THE METERS

Humidity in the meters is usually concurrent with humidity in the consoles. It can cause the meter needles to stick against their stops. This will necessitate tappingtile meters to free the needles. This problem will depart with the drying of the console; although a little ::.ore drying tine may bc required fer i"... meters.

3.4. STATIC CHARGE ON THE METER COVERS

Under extremely dry conditions, hot or cold, the meter covers can take on a static charge if brushed by a sleeve or glove,etc. This charge can be strong enough at times to cause the meter needles to "lock" under it. This will be apparent to the operator, if he is watching the meters closely over the entire "On to Off" interval. Such a charge can seriously affect the readings, and it should be bled off by either breathing on the cover, or by running a damp finger across it.

11.

3.5. SOLIDLY STUCK METER NEEDLES

A sharp knock at a given moment such as can happen during transportation, can cause a meter needle to stick firmly somewhere along the scale. It can usually be freed by a persuasive tapping in different directions around the meter.

3.6. DAMAGE TO CABLE AND CONNECTORS

3.6.1. Cable and connector damage can result from winding up the reference cables with the loose end unattended. A sudden snagging of the connector or safety ring will eventually take its toll. A more serious problem, as far as the cable itself is con cerned, is its propensity to self-twist in any area where slack develops. This propensity to self-twist increases with time, unless the cable is untwisted occasionally. If the twist is loose, it will "pop" open when a little tension is applied to the cable. However, if the twist has become tight, it will not "Pop" open under tension. The cable tightens further onto itself, and eventually it starts to cut itself. With this sort of action the life of the cable will be very short.

3.6.2. Collecting an armlength of cable at a time, and letting it dangle freely while next armlength is brough in, will result in many self-twisted sections. In the

case, appreciable time will be required to untwist the cable manually when paying it out the next day. If not, the "end" of the cable will be close at hand.

3.6.3. To prevent self-twisting, the cable should be collected in a figure "8" around the elbows, then it should be tied immediately at each end and in the center of the "8" with lampwick, cord, or flagging. No twists will occur when unwinding a figure "8", if there is always a little forward motion with each loop paid out.

3.6.4. If, during the course of normal operation, the propensity to self-twist tightly becomes evident when a little slack develops at either end, then the operator(s) should take a minute to disconnect and untwist the cable. A thorough untwisting will lastfor the duration of the day, or longer.

3.6.5. Cable and connector damage can be repaired in the field with a sharp knife, a roll of tape, and a few spare parts. A bad section of cable can be cut out and the good ends spliced and taped together without the benefit of solder. A protective knot below the splice will keep it from pulling apart. Such a knot will not impair normal operation, if near the end of the cable. A break inside the connector can be handled by splicing in a spare connector with a presoldered length of cable. In splicing, care should be taken not to reverse the colour-coded conductors. A safety eye can be inserted quite readily in the field.

12,

3.7. RECEIVER IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO A FUNCTIONING TRANSMITTER

3.7.1. Care should be taken not to switch the transmitter on if the receiver is within 10 feet of the transmitting coil.

Failure to observe this precaution may result in damaged protection diodes and input capacitors in the receiver and subsequent chargeable service work. Of course, the damage will not occur if the receiver and transmitter are on different frequencies. It is therefore a good practice for the receiver operator to switch to another frequency after the last reading of the day and before approaching the transmitter.

3.8. STRAY COUPLING EFFECTS

3.8.1. Through the use of balanced circuitry, the MaxMin II is essentially free of stray-coupling effects between the transmitter and the receiver. However, there is still a danger of small spurious readings when working with large cable lengths and high frequencies in wet uneven terrain, i.e. of varying topographic or varying over burden thickness. These spurious readings can be avoided if the receiver operator does not touch any metallic parts of the console, or the upper part of the antenna

during the course of the readings. Following these instructions is particularly if the receiver operator's feet are wet.

3.8.2. Connectors which become wet between the pins and the housing, such as might happen if dragged across an open swamp, can also lead to spurious readings at large cable lengths and high frequencies. A quick drying with a handkerchief, or shirt tail will obviate such problems.

3.9. OPERATING IN THE MIN-COJPLED MODE

3.9.1. Small errors in the coil tilts do not affect the max-coupled readings. However, they do affect the min-coupled readings. For this reason, care must be taken with the "Tilt" meter readings, when operating in the min-coupled mode. One method of getting consistent tilt control in the latter mode is to bring the "Tilt" meter needles to their final position always from the same direction. This procedure will make consis tent the small errors due to friction in the tilt -sensitive devices.

3.9.2. In flat terrain, the min-coupled mode can be operated more quickly by the use of bubble levels at both ends . The transmitter is already set up for such operation with its built-in bull's -eye bubble. With the receiver, an easy solution is to tape a small line-level (available in any hardware store) just above the base of one of

antenna rods .

i*IIII*

UN

3.10. ^ERA-TING IN TERRAIN CONTAINING SWAMPS, CREEKS, AND RIVERS

; 3. j. J.I. Open swamps or creeks need not destroy the continuity of a profile. It is often possible to ford such obstacles by moving sideways with the cable to a passable area, then flicking- the cable back in line. Another method is to attach a weight to the end of the cable and to pitch it across:the open water, catching up to it after making a detour. The trailing end of the cable is later dragged across the same open water. After such an operation, the instructions of sub-section 3.8.2 should becarriedout.

5.10.2. A wide river traversing a property need not destroy the continuity of a profile, if it is possible to bring a boat to the river. The boat is used to ferry each operator in turn across the river. In this way, a continuous profile can be had, generally without missing more than one station in the line.However, this system is most practicable with a third man on the crew. When not acting as boat captain, he can become chief data recorder, making for .a very efficient operation

4. OPERATING IN ROUGH TERRAIN

Cable - Linked Methods

The method of operating in rough terrain depends on the desired in-phase n ""*j level. To get the maximum search-depth capabilty out of the system when looking fo* "good" bedrock conductors, it is necessary to have low in-phase noise. To have low in-phase noise, it is necessary to secant chain the lines. The method of secant chaining is described in section 5.

4.2. One result of secant chaining is that all stations are equally spaced on the horizontal plane. As a result, the distance between the coils changes as the mean-slope changes. It is always greater than the nominal coil spacing; so cables considerably longer than the nominal length are required in rough terrain. The length of cable required can vary from being a little more than the nominal coil spacing to cry much more, as the mean-slope steepens.

4.5. A satisfactory way to handle widely varying slopes is to use the next longer cable than horizontal distance between the coils. In other words, if a nominal 400ft or 600ft coil spacing is desired, then 600ft or 800ft cables, respectively, should be used.With a light-weight winder, it is easy to take up or pay out cables as the need arises. A sketch of a very satisfactor)' winder is shown below. It is economical to make and easy to use. It can be used to collect the cable at the end of the day. It is easy to carr)' in a pack sack, with or without cable.

it

*t*

0.50

(M

O

, u.uw——— \-m ————

0.05

3/4" plywood

All dimensions in meters

i* ffcmm

14.

.4. In rough terrain, it is desirable to have a three'man crew. The third man should be at the leading end of the cable in choppy terrain and on long up-slopes. He should be at the trailing end on long steep down-slopes. When at the leading end, he would look after the winder and pull, or help to pull, the cable. Under very difficult climbing conditions, it works out well for the leading coil operator to disconnect the cable and to move independently of the winder operator between stations. The winder operator can quickly collect 6 to 10ft lead between himself and the leading coil and climb toward the next station. The leading coil operator can hang back briefly and help with the pulling, before finding his way to the next station. This is more practicable if the receiver operator is leading, because he is less encumbered than the transmitter operator.

4.5. The trailing operator may find it preferable to disconnect the cable between stations when faced with a particularly "tricky" climb. It is preferable that he hold the loose end as much as possible, letting it go only when he needs both hands for climb ing. Should the cable snag ahead of him, he will be able to free it, when he catches up.

4.6. For very steep climbs with the receiver, it is preferable for the operator to slide it completely around to his back, using a steadying strap around his waist to keep it from swinging out when he leans sideways. A piece of lampwick passing loosely around the waist from one side of the carrying case to the other has been found to be a very satisfactor)' strap. It slides easily as the operator changes the position of the receiver.

4.7. For steep climbs with the transmitter, it is preferable to hang the coil from one shoulder. This frees both hands. From time to time, the climbing may be difficult enough to warrant disconnecting and handling the coil separately.

4.-8. When operating on long steep down-slopes, one man can handle both the coil and the winder at the leading end, because virtually no pulling force is required. The force of gravity and the low-friction properties of the cable make it self propelling down steep slopes. The receiver operator, with fewer initial encumbrances than the transmitter operator, is best suited to handle the winder at the leading end of the cable.

4.9. At the trailing end of the cable, there is some danger of the equipment operator being jerked forward when in difficult places, in spite of the presence of an intercom system. This is especially true for the transmitter operator, because he is more encumbered than the receiver operator. The third man can stay just ahed of the equipment operator, restraining the cable and helping the equipment operator as he sees fit. Alternatively, the third man can disconnect and take full responsibility for the end of the cable, leaving the equipment operator completely completely free to find his own way down. Looking after the free end of the cable is a responsible job. The third man needs to let it get away only once to understand fully the meaning of this statement.

15.

4.10. There are many variations on the basic themes just outlined. For instance, in going from a steep down -s lope to a flat area , the third man can transform from chief cable engineer to chief data recorder, in order to give the operation maximum efficiency.

4.11 When working on consistently steep fc 4(tt grade) secant chained slopes, it will be found that the in-phase readings are beyond the negative end of the fine scale. To enjoy the added precision of reading on the fine scale and to avoid the nuisance factor of using the "100* IP Range" button for every reading, the "In-Phase" potent iometer can be moved from its normal position of 5.00 to 7.00 or 7.50. This move will make the in-phase level 20 or 254 more positive, putting the majority of the readings on the fine scale. Of course, this level change will have to be taken into account when plotting the results.

Vertical Loop Method

4.12 It is inherently difficult to get noise-free vertical loop results in rough terrain. Aligning the transmitter on the receiver operator's voice can lead to large misorientation errors due to reflections of the voice from topographic features. The use of an orientation board on a cut grid holds some potential for.clean data. However, it will not necessarily ijnprove the situation much, unless the location and direction of the lines, and the exact location of the stations along thelines, are known in advance. This, of course, is only possible from complete secant chaining of the grid. This method of chaining is described in the next section.

SECANT CHAINING AND SUBSEQUENT DATA REDUCTION

S.l. The secant method of chaining has been devised for acquiring clean in-, phase data in choppy and mountainous terrain, i.e. in terrain where marks on a taut cable will no longer serve as a guide to an accurate coil spacing. Secant chaining is done with a Suunto PM5/SPC inclinometer, which has a "?agrade" and a "Modified Secant" scale (secant x 100) -- hereafter called the "Secant" scale. The latter scale states the number of units along a slope per 100 units of horizontal distance. The "Igrade" scale is visible simultaneously with the "Secant", and it states the number of units along the vertical per 100 units of horizontal distance. Other features of this inclinometer are that it is very small, single-hand-held, self-levelling, and oil-damped, with an optically magnified scale.

5.2. The Suunto inclinometer is not a precision instrument in the sense of a surveyor's level. The true "zero" position is usually within \ \ grade of "zero" on the scale, but each operator introduces his own bias to the instrument. This bias plates to superimposing the horizontal reading line, seen with one eye, onto anject seen with the other eye. Even with both eyes on the same horizontal plane,

superimposition errors still occur. These errors vary from person to person.

16.

has been found that the cumulative error is generally in the positive direction at the rate of h to l unit per 100. In the light of this, any inclinometer operator using one of these inclinometers for the first time should make a reversed - position shot on his chaining partner over the distance of a station interval. With this, the inclinometer operator will know whether or not he should be aiming above or below the eaui-height mark on his chaining partner.

5.3. The specific procedure in the secant method of chaining depends upon the desired end result. For an accurate MaxMin II survey, it is only necessary to secant chain along the traverse lines. If an accurate plan of the grid with topo contours is desired, then it is necessary to secant chain between the ends of the lines. No specifics will be given here on making topographic contour maps from chaining data, other than to say that the chaining must be done in closed loops and accumulated errors corrected back through the loops. Infact, the procedure is akin to that for a controlled magnetic or gravimetric survey, except that corrections are pro rated by distance rather than time.

5.4. The accuracy of the MaxMin in-phase results depend upon the accuracy of the chaining along the traverse lines; whereas, the accuracy of the grid plan depends also on the accuracy of the chaining between the ends of the lines. A random chaining error f a percent ot two will have a perceptible effect on the MaxMin II in-phase results,

eas it will not on the grid picture. So, the chaining along the traverse lines be quite accurate while the chaining between them can be less accurate. In fact,

wdt lines are not required for chaining between traverse lines. With a good compass course, it is easy to keep the chain reasonably straight. However, the inclinometer operator does require a line of sight to his helper on the chain.

5.5. A good compass course between the ends of the traverse lines will permit back- chaining without large misclosures at the other end of the line. In fact, misclosures of greater than one meter will not be due to deficiencies in the secant chaining method but to errors in the course followed between the lines. Nonetheless, misclosures at the end of a line -- or in the center, if the baseline is located there -- need not be a cause for subsequent mapping problems if shown in plan as they occur in the field. As far as accurate MaxMin II data is concerned, it is only necessary to know the horizontal-plane position and the elevation of each station along the traverse line.

5.6. A practical example of using the Suunto PM5/SPC inclinometer follows: The inclinometer operator sighting on his helper up a slope reads "105" on the "Secant" scale. This means that he should pay out 1.05 times the desired chaining interval.If this interval is 100 feet, he should simply pay out 105 feet of chain. He holds the "105" mark vertically above the bottom of the picket at which he is standing, while the helper puts in his picket vertically below the "O" mark on the chain. The picket should be driven well or there's little point to this type of chaining. While the helper is writing co-ordinate information on the picket, the inclinometer operator

in his notebook both the secant reading and the corresponding l grade

'lilm

17.

n tway there is no "dead" time and the chaining goes quickly. Recording each reading may appear redundant after it has been applied to the chain. However,visual xheck of the two recorded readings injthe book, against a reference

secant-^grade" table clipped into the book, will alert the operator to the inevitable reading error. An example of this type of table is shown below:

Secant:100iocs*101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117

010142024k28H3235384143h4648Sj50*152H55575961

Secant :

118119120122124126128130132134136138140142144146148150

Ifirade:6364Js66^6973778083868992'9598101104107109112

5.7. During the distance measurement,the chain is always held parallel to the slope, . 6.g. head-to-head, waist-to-waist,hip-to-hip, at a constant tension. On steep slopes, a piece of talus dropped from the mark on the chain will improve the precision of the iteasurement on the ground.5.8. Where obstructions in the line impede a full 100ft measurement with the chain,then only a fraction of the secant value seen on the inclinometer scale should be given on the chain. Suppose for instance, that the operator at the "O" end of the chain can only get 3/4 of the way to his next position before passing put of sight, and at this time the secant scale reads "105"; then, the trailing operator should hold the chain at "105 x 0.75 - 78.8", making for an exact 75ft (horizontal) shot.The corresponding '.grade value (i.e. -1-32) seen on the inclinometer scale is recorded directly into the book, as well as the horizontal distance of the shot. Then an additional 25ft horizontal must be chained from the 75 ft mark to reach the next station. If for this step the secant reading is "108" for instance, then the trailing operator should hold the chain at "108x 0.25=27",making for an exact 25ft horizontal shot.The corresponding Igrade value (-41) is recorded together with the distance in the note book.5.9. If when backchaining to the base line, the final shot from picket 1+00 (N,S,E or K) to the base line picket is on a slope, then an inverse calculation is required to get the horizontal distance to the base line. For example, if the distance on the chain is 128.5ft, and the inclinometer shows secant and %grade values of 107 and -38 respectively, then the true horizontal distance is given by the expression 128.5/1.07 S120ft, and the elevationi^^ence is given by the expression -38 x I .2= - 46ft. Of course, the foregoing

c-'^^atiuni are only necessary when closing a chaining loop at the base line.

18.Khen^aining past the base line, it is best to continue the chaining from the "O" picket and K the base line picket, so that all stations are 100ft apart. Although the base line picket would not be used during EM coverage in a situation like this, it is a good (practice,to note its location on the way by. With this, the stations on the line can be accurately plotted with respect to the base line.

5.10. In the metric system, there are usually 25 meters horizontally between stations, which means that an extra calculation must be made on the inclinometer data. One way around this is to subdivide 25 meters of distance on the chain into 100 equal parts numbered l to 100. So, a 50 meter chain would be subdivided into 200 equal parts numbered l to 200. With this, the inclinometer is used directly, and the operator turns grey less rapidly.

5.11. The most efficient way to reduce the chaining notes is to calculate first the topographic elevations from the l grade values. To start with, a quick perusal should first be made through the notes for all chaining intervals of other than 100 feet before any other calculations are made. For instance, the *32 d, -41 l grade figures of sub-section 5.8. would convert to *24 5-10 feet over the 75 feet and the 25 feet horizontal distances of the two shots. Of course, when the shots are a full 100 ft, the l grade -figure is the vertical distance between stations in feet, and the Igrade can be used without conversion.

5.12. It is an easy matter to derive the mean slope between the coils from the topo elevations. If a nominal coil spacing of 600ft is to be used, then the elevation difference between stations 600 ft apart is divided by "6". For instance if the leading coil in the procession is at station 6+OON on a line while the trailing coil is at the base line station, and the elevation of station 6+OON is 54ft while that of the base line station is 100ft, then the mean slope between the coils is given by the :expression (54-100)76 = -8 * grade.

'.15. If due to a back chaining error, the distance between the base line and station 1+00 (N, S, E or W) is 120ft - - - and the chaining has been continued to the other side of the base line from the base line picket rather than the "O" picket---then the distance between the coils will be 620ft when they are straddling the chain error . This distance will have to be taken into account when calculating the mean slope between coils, and also in correcting for the large- coil-spacing error. The calculation for the mean slope in the above becomes (54-100)76. 2* -1\ grade.

5.14. The initial corrections to the in-phase reading, for the slope of -71 grade and the 620 ft horizontal distance betveen the coils, are +0.5 and *9.51, respectively. These values are taken from the correction table on the following page.

5.15. An additional correction is required for the in-phase and out-of-phase readings, but it is only of consequence if an anomaly is present This correction is in the form of a multiplication factor, which can be found in the table on the next page. The multiplication factors, for the slope of - 1\ grade and the 620 ft horizontal distance between the coils, are x 1.007 and x 1.103, respectively.

5.16 The widely varying in-phase readings, associated with a widely varying secant chained slope, will reflect in the out-of-phase reading, i.f there is appreciable phase mixing in the system. This of course can be corrected arithmetically. But, it's much less time consuming to open the receiver can and remove the problem as per subsection 2.4.5., than to correct the phase mixing errors.

19.PARAMETRICS LIMITED2OO STEELCASE RD. E.. MARKHAM, ONT,CANADA L3R 1G2

Phone:'495-1612

Gables: APEXPARA TORONTO

CORRECTION TABLES

Telex:

D6-96677S APEXPARA MKHM

Rough Terrain Table:

Mean t Grade In-Phase (only) In-Phase t Mean l GradeBetween Coils Correction for Out-of-Phase Between Coils:

Coplanar Coils: Correction:

In-Phase (only) Correction for Conlanar Coils:

In-Phase f,Out-of-PhaseCorrection:

10.1. . . . .. ..t

3........4 . . . . . . . .5. .......d . . . . . . . .•^

8... . . . ..9. ,. . .. . .

10. . . . . . . .11. .. . . .. .12. . . . . . . .13.. . . . . . .14. .... ...35. . . ... . .36. . ... . . .37. ... . ...38. . . . . . . .39. . -, ... .30........21. . . . . . . .22. . .. . .. .23.. ... . ..24. . . . . . . . .tt.26. . .. ,. ..•? -28.. . . ,. . .29... . ,. . .30 . . . . . . . .31.. . .. ...32... .....33.. . . . . . .34 . . . . . . . , ,35.........36. .. ... . . .37. . . . . . . . .

0 0

,. . 0. . . 0. . . 0. . . 0. . . 0. . . 1. . . 1. . . 3. . . 1

T

...2

...3

.. . 3

. .. 3

. . . 4. . . 4. . . 5...5.. . 6. . . 7. . . 7. . . 8. . . b. .. 9. . 30.. 10. . 13. . 32.. 13. . 33. . 34,. 15. . 36. . 36, . 37

.5 ...

.5

.5

.5 . . .

.5 . . .

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5 ...

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5 . . .

.5

.5 . . . ,

. , . . . . . x

. . . . . . . x

. . . . . . . x

. . . . . . . x

. . . . . . . x

. . . . . . . x

. . . . . . . x

. . . . . . . x

. . . . . . . x

. . . . . . . x. , . . . . . x. . . . . . . x. . . . . . . x. . . . . . . x. . . . . . . .x. . . . . . . x, . . . . . . x. . . . . . . x. . . . . . . x

. . . . . . . x. . . . . . . x. . . . . . . x. . . . . . . x. . . . . . . x. , . . . . . x. . . . . . . x

. . . . . . . x

. . . . . . . x

13331131iiii311

111111111113333133

.004

.006

.007

.009

.013

.014

.018

.021

.025

.030

.034

.039

.044

.049

.054

.061

.066

.073

.OSO

.087

.096

.102

.113

.120

.128

.139

.147

.158

.168.

.178

.189

.200

.213

™T)40414743444S46•474B49,snSI52.s^S455 5657.SB.SI60.ftlfi?63 64ftS66,67 68. 69. 707172. 73 747S

..........li

......... 19

......... 20

......... 23

. ........ 21

......... 22•^

.... . . ... 24

. ,. ...... 25

... . ... .. 26

..... .... 27

......... 27

......... 28

......... 29

. . . . . . . . . 30

......... 31

. .. , . . . . . 32

. . . . . . . . . 32

......... 33

.... ...,. 34

......... 35. . . . . . . . . 36......... 37. . . . . . . . . 38. . . . . . . . . 38. . .. . .... 39 .. .. . . . . . 40. . . . . . . . . i]... . ... .. 42.. ... .... 42 . . . . . . . . . 43 . . . . , . . .. 44 .. .... ... 45......... 46. .... .... 46 ... ... ... 47 . . ... .... 48. . . . . . . .. 49

,S

.5

.5

.5

.S.s

.s

s.5 .5 .S

SS

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

,. ., ,. . ..x,. . . .. . ..x... ......x

V

, ....... . . . . .. .... . . ...,. x. . . .. .. , x. ..... .. x........ x. ....... x........ x........ x. . . . .. . . x .. .. .... x 3 .. ...... x .... .... x

•w

. . . .. ... x i

. .. . ... . x .

.. . . . . . . x

. . . . . . . . x

. . . . . . . . x

. ....... x

........ x

.. .. . . .. x

.. . . . ... x

........ x

........ x

.. .. .... J. .

........ x

........ x. . . ... . . x

.223

.1361.2491.263.275.289.305.318.334.348.365.381.398.415

1.433.450

1.467.486 .SOS .526 .545.566.586.607.630.650 .669.697.719.744.768

1.794 .820.144.871 .897

1.925.953

In Phase Correction * * 3 -JCos.tan

In-Phase t, Out-of-Phase Correction - x | I/Cos

Short anci lonr Coil Spacing Table:

Ill-Phase (only) Correction:

Nominal Coil Spacing: 600-400-300-200 Actual Coil Spacing: 580 290 ....-10.5

582-388-291-194....-9.5 584 292 ....- 8.5 586 293 ....- 7.5 5S8-392-294-196....- 6 590 295 ....-S 592 296 . . . ,- 4 594-396-297-398. . . .- 3 596 298 598 299 600-400-300- 602 301 604i C l - 4 P 4 008

t'!\

(tan i

100 Iways positive, no catter the slope sign.

In-Phase lOut-oi-rhast Correction:

. .. x 0.906

.. ..x 0.915 .924

200.

612-408614616618-412620

30230 -- 304ID:

•306-307308

•309- 310

2

204....* 6, . . . ' 6 . S. ...* 7.5

206....* 6.5....* 9.5

Ir.-Pr.ase Correction l- (

In-Phase ( Out-of-Phase Correction

Nominal Coil Spacing Actual Coil Spacing

j Actual

i'];Coil

x 0. x 0.933 x 0 .942

0.952 0.961 0.971 0.980 0.990 1.000 1.010 020 pyn 041 051 061 072 082 093 103

ot,

1.

i O

100 Spacing

Nominal CeTT Spacing'

li, C

DATE *YM REVISION RECORD AUTH. OM. C K.

RETRACTILE COMM. COM3; ALPHA &S5 7-COMD. * i\ AW5

SOCKET CONNECTOR SENDIXOR e

PJN

OR gPT6CE-t2-8P(SR)

KIOTE:

WHEN WORKIM& ON THESURE TO OPEN THE CAB.E

ocSENlrtC Oti. TiGHTENlNfi THE 7E.RMINAT1ON ASSEMBLY. C*O NOT

TO Ti&MTEN

TOUERANCES

(EXCEPT AS NOTED) APEX PARAMETRICS LIMITEDDECIMAL SCALE

N.T.S.

DRAWN BY

APPROVED BY

TITLE APEX MAXMIN II TRANSMITTERCONNECTING CORD CONNECTOR WIRING DIAGRAM

ANGUt-AR DATE

30-12-75

DRAWING NUMBER

SK 75 12 30

AM II l.t.4.

42E12NE8381 2.14905 LEDUC

Ontario300

GeoscienceApprovalsSection Mining Lands Branch Willet Green Miller Centre 933 Ramsey Lake Road 6th Floor Sudbury, Ontario P3E 6B5

Telephone: (705) 670-5853 Fax: (705) 670-5863

May 21, 1993 Our File: 2.14905Transaction #: W9340.00023

Mining RecorderMinistry of Northern Development and Mines435 James Street South Suite B003Thunder Bay, Ontario P7E 6E3

Dear Sir:

RE: APPROVAL OF ASSESSMENT WORK ON MINING CLAIMS TB 886306 ET AL. IN LEDUC TOWNSHIP.

Ministry of Ministere duNorthern Development Developpement du Nordand Mines et des Mines

The Assessment Credits for GEOPHYSICS, section 14 of the Mining Act Regulations, as listed on the attached Assessment Work credit form, have been approved as of MAY 6, 1993.

This credit form replaces the one filed as part of the original submission.

Please indicate this approval on the claim record sheets.

If you have any questions, please call Clive Stephenson at (705) 670-5856.

Yours sincerely,

Ron C. GashinksiSenior Manager, Mining Lands BranchMines and Minerals Division

CDS/ j l Enclosures:

cc: ^/Assessment Files Ofice Toronto, Ontario

Resident Geologist Thunder Bay, Ontario

ASSESSMENT WORK CREDIT FORM

FILE NUMBER: 2.14905 DATE: May 21, 1993 TRANSACTION #: W9340.00023

RECORDED HOLDER: Founder Resources Inc./ Morning Dew Exploration Ltd. CLIENT NUMBER: 133119/ 172754 TOWNSHIP: Leduc

CLAIM NUMBER

1100708110070911487471148751114875211399441139945113994611399471139948886306886307886308886319886310886311886312886313886314886315886316886317886273886274886275886276886277886278886279886280886281886282886283

VALUE OF ASSESSMENT WORK DONE ON THIS CLAIM

VALUE APPLIED TO THIS CLAIM

VALUE ASSIGNEDFROM THIS CLAIM RESERVE

$$s$$s$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00

262.00262.00262.00262.00262.00262.00

0.000.000.000.000.000.00

262.00262.00262.00262.00262.00262.00262.00262.00262.00262.00262.00

$0$$$$$$$$$sss$$$$$s$$$$3$S$$$$ss

0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

ssssss$ss$$$$$$ss$$s$$$s$$s$$$$$$

0000Q00000

262262262262262262

000Q00

262262262262262262262262262262262

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00 .

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

$$$$$$$$$$s$$$$$$$$$$$s$$$$$$$$$s

0.0.Q.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.Q.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

-2-

CLAIMNUMBER

118787011878691166041118360511836041183603116604011836021183606118360111660391183598118359911836001183597119405511940561194057119405811940591194060119406111940621194037119402811940291194030119403811940471194072

VALUEWORK

$$$^$$s$$$$5$5$$$$$5$$$$$$5$$$

OF ASSESSMENTDONE ON THIS CLAIM

0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00

VALUE APPLIED TO THIS CLAIM

VALUE ASSIGNED FROM THIS CLAIM RESERVE

$$$$$$s$$$$s$$$$$$$5$$$$5$$$$5

0.000.000.000.00

76.0076.0076.0076.0076.0076.0076.0076.0076.0076.0076.00154.00385.00462.00154.00462.00154.00616.0076.00

462.0077.00

308.0077.0077.0077.0077.00

$$$$$$$$$5S5Ssss$sS$$$$$$$S$$$

0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00

$$$$$$$$$s$$0$$$$$$$$0$5s$sss$

0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00

$4 454.00 $4 454.00 54 454.00 0.00

Mjnlstry ofNorthern Development Report of Work Conducted

After Recording ClaimMining Act

Transaction Number

om"10 Hin'"OM tn w i** c MM t* s.Personal Information collected on this form is obtained under the authority of the Mining Act. This Information will be used for correspondence. Questions about this collection should be directed to the Provincial Manager. Mining Lands. Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, Fourth Floor, 158 Cedar Street, Sudbury. Ontario, P3E 6A5. telephone (705) 670-7264. ^ * M j* f\ f

2 * 149 O 5Instructions: - Please type or print and submit in duplicate. *^- Refer to the Mining Act and Regulations for requirements of filing assessment work or consult the Mining

Recorder.- A separate copy of this form must be completed for each Work Group.- Technical reports and maps must accompany this form in duplicate.- A sketch, showing the claims the work is assigned to, must accompany this form.

Work Performed (Check One Work Group Only)

l/Work Group

'Geotechnical Survey

Physical Work, Including Drilling

Rehabilitation

Other Authorized Work

Assays

Assignment from Reserve

P^POClX /r—

771 AX Ttt/AJ d Serf )s F EB151993

MINING LANDS BRAM^

x

Total Assessment Work Claimed on the Attached Statement of Costs SNote: The Minister may reject for assessment work credit all or part of the assessment work submitted if the recorded

holder cannot verify expenditures claimed in the statement of costs within 30 days of a request for verification.

Persons and Survey Company Who Performed the Work (Give Name and Address of Author of Report)Name Address

6 O) soe./395~7U

(attach a schedule If necessary)

Certification of Beneficial Interest * See Note No. 1 on reverse side1 certify that at the time the work was performed, the claims covered in this work

by the current recorded holder.

Date -^ ' -- /-^^

5twA(3Recorded Holder or Agent (Signature)

/*Zukv^ fcc^-0-Tf i i U 1

Certification of Work Report1 certify that 1 have a personal knowledge of the facts set forth in this Work report, having performed the work or witnessed same during and/or after its completion and annexed report is true.

Name and Address of Person Certifying

fcfi-r'r' JtouorJik, ^ to* LVCC tb&rt Tfc/uDQd My ftf&fTetopbnem

It, 13 7 73Date

fcl- '5,^3Certified By (Signature)

'MI Jf?ri ir /r i x , r&h . r -For Office Use Only -!-\ n

6-' -Total Value Cr. Recorded

#1^

Date Recorded

^^ 8/93Deemed Approval D^te

i' ~ -'l ^ ?r f - u,\ ' / /r

Mining Recordert^k

*vff- O./fJAtt^j/?/*Date Approved" " ' "^ -.

Date Notice for /Amendments Sent

Received Stamp - .

02*1 (03/91)

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s co

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is re

port

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ork.

3.

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cut b

ack

as p

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n th

e at

tach

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ppen

dix.

In th

e ev

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hat y

ou h

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your

cho

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f prio

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opt

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one

will

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Note

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ples

of b

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fers

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ith re

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Dale

Ontario

Ministry ofNorthern Development

L Mines*Minc

Here duDevetoppement du Nord et des mines

Statement of Costs for Assessment Credit

litat des coQts aux fins du credit devaluation

Mining Act/Lol tur les mines

Transaction NO./N* de transaction

l information collected on this form is obtained under the authority of the Mining Act. This information will be used to maintain a record and ongoing status of the mining claim(s). Questions about this collection should b* directed to the Provincial Manager, Minings Lands, Ministry of Northern Development and Mines. 4th Floor. 159 Cedar Street, Sudbury. Ontario P3E 6A5, telephone (705) 670-7264.

Les renseignements personnels contemn dana la present* formule sont recueillis en vertu de la Loi sur toe mines et serviront li teiHr a jour un registre des concessions minieres. Adresser toute question sur la collece de ces renseignements au chef provincial des terrains miniers. minister* du Devetoppement du Nord et des Mines. 159. rue Cedar, 4* etage, Sudbury (Ontario) P3E 6A5, telephone (706) 670-7264.

1. Direct Costs/Couts directs

Type

Mains

Contractor's and Consultant's Pees Drafts do

et de ('expert-

SuppHesUsed Poumttures

M^^^^J fiemsj

Description

Labour Main-d'oeuvreField Supervision Supervision sur le terrain

Typ* (\tfrMZXPL

vTltfyi/vJ/ritt }Q^

Typ*

Typ*

Amount Montant

QOr^/jJ^

l^9)d ~X~

^^^^li^eTKJTdSS:

Totals Total global

5?3^^f/

2. Indirect Costs/Couls Indirects * * Note: When claiming Rehabilitation work 1

Pour le remboursement de* travaux coOts indirects ne sont pas admissible d'evaluation.

Type

Transportation Transport

Food andLodging Nowritureet

demoMUaatlon

DescriptionTyp*

fxJirect costs are not

de rehabilitation, lee s en tant que travaux

Amount Montant

Sub Total of Indirect Costs Total pertJel des coots indirects

Mnount Allowable (not greater than cvva of vSSGt Costa) Montant adnisalMe (n'exoMant pea M *A des soots directs)rotsl Velu* of Assessment CredH Vatour toteis du credN Total at Direct and ANoweMo d evsJuaSon Incttraet ceata) rfeM eis aaSIa elnrti

Totals Total global

-

Jf^yjy/Tj

FEB l 5 1993The recorded holder will be required to verify expenditures claimed inthis *MMfWJtt6ft2At^^r^tifh Hquest for verification " verification is not maoTrme*MiniSle7wtiyVifiect for assessment workall or part of the assessment work submitted.

Note : L* tHulaJreenrsgistre sem torxj de verier tesdeperweademandess dans le present etat des coOts dana lea 30 jours survant une demande a cet effet. Si la verification n'est pas effectuee, le ministre peut rejeter tout ou une partie des travaux d'evaluation presentee.

FWng Dtacounts

1. Work filed within two years of completion is claimed at 1004fe of the above Total Value of Assessment Credit.

2. Work filed three, four or five years after completion is claimed at 50*M) of the above Total Value of Assessment Credit. See calculations below:

Total Value of Assessment Credit Total Assessment Claimed

x 0.50

Remises pour depotcc

1. Les travaux deposes dans les deux ans survant jgn acttetement sont remrxursesalwmcelavateurtrtaJesusrnerttor^

2. Les travaux deposes troia, quatre ou cinq ana l^res (eur.achjfcvement sont rembourses a 50 H de la valeur totale^du crjsdit d'evaluation susmentkmne. Voir les calculs ci-dessous. ^S -^ * .:-

Valeur total* du crMrt d'evaluation Bx 0,50 -

A^Buat ion total* demand**

Certification Verifying Statement of Costs

l hereby certify:that the amounts shown are as accurate as possible and these costs were incurred while conducting assessment work on the lands shown on the accompanying Report of Work form.

that(Recorded Holder, Agent, Position in Company)

to make this certification

Attestation de l'etat des coOts

J'atteste par la presents :que les montants indiques sont le plus exact possible et que ces depenses ont ete engagees pour effectuer les travaux d'evaluation sur les terrains indiques dans la formule de rapport de travail ci-joint.

l am authorized Et qu'd titre de je suis autorise(titulaire enregistre. representant, poste occupe dans la compagme)

d faire cette attestation.

Signature Date

f "" l"

0212(04/91) Nota : Dans cette formule, lorsqu'H designe des personnes, le masculin est utilise au sens neutre.

Rickaby Twp. G -161

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5.R. SURFACE RIGHTS M.R MINING HIGH"! i

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MTENT. SURFACE li MINING RIGHTS. " , SUHf ACE RIGHTS ONLYm " . MINING RIGHTS ONLY ^™^.

LEASE.SURFACE ft MINING RIGHTS..- , SURFACE RIGHTS ONLY^^^- , MINING RK5HTS ONLY—————

LICENCE Of OCCUPATION ———-———

ROADSIMPROVED ROADS KING'S HIGHWAYS RAILWAYS POWER LINES MARSH OR MUSKEG MINES CANCELLED

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PUES TO THIS'AREA

THE INFORMATION THAT APPEARS ON THIS MAP HAS BEEN COMPILED FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. AND ACCURACY (S NOT GUARANTEED. THOSE WISHING TO STAKE MIN ING CLAIMS SHOULD CON SULT WITH THE MINING RECORDER. MINISTRY OF NORTHF_RN DEVELOP MENT AND MINES, FOR AD DITIONAL INFORMATION ON THE STATUS OF THE LANDS SHOWN HEREON

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68 00 S

Claim Boundary

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River -—-' ^-. _^---

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Instrument : APEX PARAMETRICS MAX MIN II

Coil Separation 400 feet

Profile Scale 1 inch 20 degreesOut of Phase

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- i

42E12NEB361 2.149*5 LEDUC 220

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/X-/

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LEGEND

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Instrument APEX PARAMETRICS MAX MIN

Coil Separation 400 feet

Profile Scale 1 inch 20 degrees rBlackwdter

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LOCATION MAP

42EI2NE838I 2.,4905 LEDUC

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LEGEND

LOCATION MAP

66 00

68 00 S

Claim Boundary

Lake Shore

River

Rail Line

Instrument : APEX PARAMETRICS MAX MIN II

Coil Separation 400 feet

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in Ph^se

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42E12NE836I 2.14985 LEDUCa-40

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LEGEND

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Coil Separation 400 feet

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FAULT

LOCATION MAP

\ \ \\\ ' v. * t

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42E12NE8381 2.14905 LEDUC

LEGEND

H .III l . .,U) ' -IMH -HM-M l l t

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Coil Separation: 400 feetConductive Zone

Profile Scale 1 inch ^ 20 degrees

TB 2 886280

LAKEWATER

TB

886281

I886279

886282

LAKEBLACKWATER

TB 886273

TB 886274

FOUNDER RESOURCES INC

BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMSMAX MIN li SURVEY

444 HZ

LEDUC TOWNSHIP

ONTARIO

May 5, 1992 Drawn by B.K. Sheet l of 10

42EI2NE8385 2 .14905 LEDUC

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TB

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FOUNDER RESOURCES INC

BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMSTB

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1777 HZ

LEDUC TOWNSHIP

ONTARIO

May 5, 1992 Drawn by: B.K.

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10 - O O S

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886314

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LEGEND

D

Claim Line

Claim Post

d i ir; a t eel i

(Not l oc;a1 eel)

Railroad ONR

L ake Pond

Hoaci

Conductive Zone

Instrument: Apex ParametricsMax Min u

Coil Separation: 400 feet

Profile Scale 1 inch - 20 degrees

-1.0 In Phase -^-u

15

-6

yt of Phase

15 .""g^^sp? Conductive Zone

j*lf. - 5

1-5

IOO O 100SCAL t 1 .MOO

FOUNDER RESOURCES INC

BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMSMAX MIN u SURVEY

444 HZ

LEDUC TOWNSHIP

ONTARIOo

May 5, 1992 Drawn by B.K. Sheet 2 of 10

42E13NE8381 2.149(95 LEDUC 280

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May 5, 1992 Drawn .by: B.K.

LEGEND

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Claim Line

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(Not Located)

Railroad CNH

L ake Pond

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Conductive Zone

lnstrument:Apex Parametrics Max Min M

Coil Separation: 400 feet

Profile Scale 1 inph - 20 degrees

In Phase -6

t of Phase

##3t. Conductive Zone

SCALt 1-100100

scale

O 100 200

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FOUNDER RESOURCES INC.

BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMS

MAX MIN li SURVEY 1777 HZ

LEDUC TOWNSHIP

ONTARIO ^*

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Sheet 2 of 10

42E12NE838I 2.l 4905 LEDUC

SETTING DUCK LAKE

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886307

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BLACKWATER LAKE

LEGEND5-0!) S -45 -3

Claim ^i

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FOUNDER RESOURCES INC

Conductive Zone BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMSMAX MIN li SURVEY

444 HZ

Instrument: Apex ParametricsMax Min n

Coil Separation: 400 feet

Profile Scale 1 inch = 20 degreesLEDUC TOWNSHIP

2.14905ONTARIO' Conductive Zone

May 5, 1992 Drawn by B.K.

42E12NE838) 2.149aS LEDUC

SETTING DUCK LAKE

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LEGEND

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(Not Located)16 + OO S -59

FOUNDER RESOURCES INC.

BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMSMAX MIN li SURVEY

1777 HZ

Conductive Zone

18 + OO S -40: lnstrunnent:Apex Parametncs Max Mm li

Coil Separation: 400 feetLEDUC TOWNSHIP

Profile Scale 1 1000=20 degrees

ONTARIO^•Conductive Zone 2.1400*20 + OO S 29

21+00 S .4

Way 5, 1992 Drawn bv: B.K,

22 + OO S ./-8 -9

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1100709

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BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMS MAX MIN li SURVEY

444 H2

LEGENDLEDUC TOWNSHIP

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(Located)

Profile Scale 1 inch - 20 degreesConductive Zone 2. 14905

Conductive ZoneMay May 5, 1992 Drawn by B.K.Instrument: Apex Parametrics

Max Min n

Coil Separation: 400 feet42E12NE8381 2.14905 LEDUC

Spring Lake

TB

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1148752sFOUNDER RESOURCES INC

BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMS

MAX MIN ii SURVEY 1777 HZ

LEGENDIn Phase

Conductive Z oneLEDUC TOWNSHIP

Coil Separation: 400 feeiONTARIO

Claim Post

(Located)a.iProfile Scale 1 inch^20 degrees

Conductive Zone May 5, 1992 DfAwn by: B,K.

lnstrum^nt:Apex Parametrics Max Min n

42E12NE8381 2 .14935 LEDUC 330."f!

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1 7 OO S

'J - O() S

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886282

886283

LEGEND

ft

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Conductive Zone

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Coil Separation: 400 feet

Profile Scale 1 inch = 20 degrees

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LEGEND

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Conductive Zone

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Coil Separation: 400 feet

of Phase

ttttivttftSvtf: Conductive Zone

-5

Profile Scale 1 inch - 20 degrees

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LEGEND

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Instrument: Apex Parametrics Max Min H

Coil Separation: 400 feet

Profile Scale 1 inch - 20 degrees.-to

In Phaset of Phase

Conductive Zone

42E12NE8381 2 .14905 LEDUC 360

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LEGEND

Claim t

Cost

(Located i

(No! L ocated)

l ake Pom!

Conductive Zone 111,11

Instrument: Apex ParametricsMax Min H

Coil Separation: 400 feet

Profile Scale 1 inch = 2 0 degrees

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SCAl L i 100

FOUNDER RESOURCES INC.

BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMS MAX MIN n SURVEY

444 HZ

LEDUC TOWNSHIP

ONTARIO

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LEGEND

D

Conductive Zone

lnstrument:Apex Parametrics Max Min u

Coil Separation: 400 feet

Profile Scale 1 inch = 20 degrees

FOUNDER RESOURCES INC.

BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMS MAX MIN li SURVEY

1777 HZ

LEDUC TOWNSHIP

ONTARIO

May 5, 1992 Drawn by: B.K.

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(- Idini l'o s

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Instrument; Apex ParametricsMax M tn u

Coil S eparation: 400 feet

Profile Scale 1 inch = 20 degrees

L -6-Li of Phase

Conductive Zone

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FOUNDER RESOURCES INC.BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMS

MAX MIN li SURVEY 444 HZ

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LEGEND

D

Claim Line

Claim Post

l L o c a t e d i

(Not Located)

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End of Line

Conductive Zone

tnstrufheWApex Parametrics; "Max Wn D ^

Coil Sa0ainatlon: 400 fe^

Profile Scale 1 inch-20 degrees

EOL

f Phase

S&K-: Conductive Zone

-5

SC A L. t . i -100100

scale

FOUNDER RESOURCES INC.BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMS

MAX MIN li SURVEY 1777 HZ

LEDUC TOWNSHIP

ONTARIO

May 5, 1992 Drawn by B.K.

2,149

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200 O

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LEGEND

LOCATION MAP

Claim Boundary

Lake Shore

River

Rail Line t t t H t t

Instrument : APE X PARAMETRICS MAX MIN II

Coil Separation: 400 feet

Profile Scale 1 inch 20 degreesOut of Phase

Founder Resources Inc.BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMS

in Phase x

CondiK.tiv* 1MAX MIN II SURVEY

444 HZ

EAST SHEET

DATE : February, 1992 DRAWN BY : M. Michaud

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XX

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LOCATION MAP

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Founder Resources Inc.BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMS

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444 HZ

WEST SHEET

DRAWN BY : M. MichaudDATE : February, 1992

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LEGEND

Claim Boundary —-

LOCATION MAP Lake Shore

River

Rail Line

Instrument : APEX PARAMETRICS MAX MIN II

Coil Separation 400 feet

Profile Scale 1 inch 20 degrees1 '-* - Out of Phase

in

t Zone

Founder Resources Inc.BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMS

MAX MIN II SURVEY

1777 HZ

EAST SHEET

DATE : February, 1992 DRAWN BY : M. Michaud

/ i XBlackwater

Blackwater

Lake

FAULT

LOCATION MAP

Founder Resources IncBLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMS

SURVEYMAX MIN II

1777 HZ

WEST SHEET

DRAWN BY ' M. MichaudDATE : February, 1992

15 l?'.

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LEGEND

N"t l CM ,ilt?d D

Conductive Zone

Instrument: Apex ParametricsMax Min u

Coil Separation: 400 feet

Profile Scale 1 inch ^ 20 degrees

.ilo

In Phase-^-9ut of Phase

Conductive Zone

FOUNDER RESOURCES INC

BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMSMAX MIN li SURVEY

444 HZ

LEDUC TOWNSHIP

ONTARIO 2. 14905

May 5, 1992 Drawn by B.K.

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LEGEND

In

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lnstrument:Apex Parametrics Max Min n

Coil Separation: 400 feet

Profile Scale 1 inch ^ 20 degrees

-10

-6

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-5

FOUNDER RESOURCES INC

BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMS

MAX MIN li SURVEY

1777 HZ

Vi,,.' l" j -i J-t.- j- t ™*aC.VJ

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1.1** O 5

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LEGEND

Chirm l me

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Conductive Zone

Instrument: Apex Parametrics Max Min n

Coil Separation: 400 feet

Profile Scale 1 inch - 20 degrees

In Phase^r-Qyt of Phase

Conductive Zone

FOUNDER RESOURCES INC.

BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMS MAX MIN li SURVEY

444 HZ

LEDUC TOWNSHIP

ONTARIO

2. 14905

May 5, 1992 Drawn by B.K.

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tnstrument:Apex Parametrics Max Min n

Coil Separation: 400 feet

Profile Scale 1 inch ^ 20 degrees

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FOUNDER RESOURCES INC

BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMSMAX MIN li SURVEY

1777 HZ

LEDUC TOWNSHIP

ONTARIO

May 5, 1992 Drawn by: B.K.

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LEGEND

Claim l me

Claim Posi

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Creek

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Conductive Zone

instrument: Apex ParametricsMax Min u

Coil Separation: 400 feet

Profile Scale 1 inch = 2 0 degrees

In Phase

ut of Phase

Conductive Zone

100S C; AU 1 -.100 P^i

scale

FOUNDER RESOURCES INC.

BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMSMAX MIN li SURVEY

444 HZ

LEDUC TOWNSHIP

ONTARIO

2.14905

May 5, 1992 Drawn by B.K.

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LEGEND

D

C , M ' (' f"

Conductive Zone

Instrument: Apex ParametricsMax Mm n

Coil Separation: 400 feet

Profile Scale 1 inch ^ 20 degrees

In Phase -6

ut of Phase

Conductive Zone

100

FOUNDER RESOURCES INC.

BLACKWATER LAKE CLAIMS MAX MIN li SURVEY

1777 HZ

LEDUC TOWNSHIP

ONTARIO

May 5, 1992 Drawn by: B.K.

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