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The Birth of Jim Crow: Blacks and Whites in the Post-Reconstruction South.
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Transcript of The Birth of Jim Crow: Blacks and Whites in the Post-Reconstruction South.
The Birth of Jim Crow:
Blacks and Whites in the Post-
Reconstruction South
Timeline
1877: Hayes Compromise
1896: Plessy v. Ferguson
1905: “Jim Crow” laws thruout South
Work in South
Per capita income static, 1880-1900
1900: 6% workers in manufacturing
Education
Ad hoc schools; opportunity for black women
Clifton FL Colored School, c. 1900
Violence
1889
KKK other paramilitary
Anti-black political leadership/resistance
3000 lynched 1880-1900
•
Lynching
Lynchings thruout US
White & Black
GA, MS, TX highest
Okemah, OK 1911
Anti-Violence
Ida B. Wells, 1862-1931
"They had made me an exile and threatened my life for hinting at the truth."[8
]
Anti-lynching campaign, 1892
Plessy v. Ferguson
1896
Separate but equal: constitutional
Legal justification for segregation until Brown v. Board, 1954
Homer Plessy, Octoroon
Southern Segregation
Segregated South separate toilets, fountains, pools,
hospitals, parks, schools, ball fields, cabs, libraries.
separate sections of theaters, busses, trains.
interracial marriage prohibited
Segregated South
Served after whites in stores.
Required to address whites as Mr., Mrs. Etc. while called “boy,” “aunty,” etc.
Required to remove hat when greeting, make way on sidewalk, approach back door.
Boon to Black Business
“Negro Wall Street”Durham NC, c. 1900
“Negro Wall Street”Tulsa OK, c. 1920
Black Leadership
First principal, Tuskegee Normal School, 1881
National prominence, 1895
Booker T. Washington, 1856-1915
Black Leadership
First black teacher, DC Schools
Leader, NACWC
Founding member,NAACP
Mary Church Terrell, c. 1900
Black Leadership First black Ph.D. from Harvard
Professor, writer
Founder, NiagaraMovement, 1905 (NAACP)
WEB DuBois, Paris, 1900
Reconstruction Amendments
• 13th – Banned slavery in the U.S. (?)• 14th – gave all blacks same rights –
Bill of Rights• 15th - Black MEN could vote
Homer Plessy’s Grave
Homer Plessy
Also buried near Plessy
Questions?
Calhoun, AL Colored School, c. 1900