The Biorefinery in New York: Woody Biomass into Commercial Ethanol Cornelius B. Murphy, Jr. Tom...
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Transcript of The Biorefinery in New York: Woody Biomass into Commercial Ethanol Cornelius B. Murphy, Jr. Tom...
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The Biorefinery in New York: Woody Biomass into Commercial Ethanol
Cornelius B. Murphy, Jr.Tom AmidonSUNY College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuse, New York
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Outline:
Biorefining integrated with Bio-energy Biorefining integrated with Pulp and Paper
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Illustration of Integrated Woody Biorefinery.
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The Wood-based Biorefinery
Renewable,SustainableBioproducts:Fuels, Chemicals,Materials
Renewable Resources to “Green” Bio-Products
Biomass Feedstock
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What:
Wood Growing, Procurement, Chipping, Chemical Processing – Forest Products
Willow Biomass Growing, harvesting, Burning – Farmers/Wood Fuel Industry
Fermentation of sugars to products and marketing – Ethanol Industry
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Step planter used to establish willow crops in NY
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Harvesting Willow Biomass Crops in New York
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Where? Who?
Conventional Wood Processing for Pulp/Energy in Ticonderoga, NY and Lyons Falls
Biomass Willow – New York Field Trials in Tully, NY and Lyons Falls, NY
Fermentation of Sugars in Oneonta or Fulton, NY
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When:
In the next year: Extraction of wood sugars at ESF Pilot Burning of extracted wood at Lyonsdale Ethanol from wood sugars at ESF Pilot Northeast Biofuels reconfiguration
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When:
Over the next three years Commercial scale extraction of wood sugars
at Lyonsdale and shipping Extraction/burning - Lyonsdale/Oneonta Ethanol from Lyonsdale wood sugars
produced at Oneonta/Northeast Biofuels
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Why – US Targets for a National Biobased Industry
Bio-Product Current 2020 2090
Liquid Fuels 1-2% 10% 50%
Chemicals 10% 25% >90%
Materials 90% 95% 99%
NRC Report - 2000
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Why – Paper Industry
Paper Industry – Cellulose for Paper and Lignin for Energy yields low profitability
Insert a new process in front of the digester to extract hemicellulose and convert to ethanol, PHA’s etc. recover acetic acid and enhance energy efficiency
Estimated Profit increase for complete Paper Industry application is $3.3 Billion/year (Thorp – PIMA ’04 Presentation)
Total estimated at 1.9 Billon gallons ethanol and 600 Million gallons acetic acid for industry-wide application
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Why – Wood Burning Industry Wood burning industry – Marginal Economics and only lowest quality wood economic
Evolutionary Change - Wood cost at $40-80 per dry ton ($0.02-0.04/dry pound) and extraction at 15% of mass recovered: 2/3 sugars 1/3 acetic acid/extractives
Sugars at $0.07/pound and acetic acid/extractives at $0.30/pound Ave. $0.146/lb. value for the 300 pounds recovered from ½ to all of the wood cost
Residue burned with cost reduction greater than the 20% of mass lost
Biomass Willow an economic fuel crop
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Map showing concentration of existing ethanol facilities in the US
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Why–Wood Sugar Ethanol Production in Fulton, New York
New York Corn for Dairy Use – Most commodity corn shipped from Mid-West
Corn Market Price fluctuation business risk Sugar source diversification beneficial short
term/long term on business model Wood sugars locally grown and lower in cost Adjacent land with abundant low cost hardwood
forests and good Biomass Willow growing potential 40% of New York corn production required to
produce 150 MGPY of ethanol
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How
Fractionate Woody Biomass with a low cost and environmentally preferable system that preserves current uses
Obtain a low cost, easy to clean up sugar stream
Process advantageous for hardwoods Easy separation of valuable co-products
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How
Hardwoods are advantaged Use water as solvent Use Membrane/Filtration Technology Commercialize pentose fermentations Use conventional wood chips and preserve
structure in process
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Biorefinery Core Competencies Feedstock Selection (Fast Growing and, perhaps
Low or High Lignin/hemicellulose) Biodelignification (fungi, enzymes) Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin
separation yielding “usable” fractions (ESF Process/others)
Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin applications Waste and energy recovery
Gasification for new products
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Conclusions Wood holds great promise as the “Biorefinery”
feedstock of choice Cellulose, Hemicellulose, and Lignin will all
enjoy broad utilization Advances in separations systems,
biotechnology, biomass gasification, silviculture, and agro-forestry will establish the 21st century and beyond as the “Age of Wood”
We need to start with the low hanging fruit
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O2
Agenda 2020 Focus for the FutureMeeting the Challenge of Deployment
CO2
Sustainable Forest Productivity
Extracting Value prior to Pulping
New Value from Residuals & Spent Liquors
Advancing the Forest “Bio-refinery”
Breakthrough Mfg. Technologies Major Manufacturing Cost/Capital ReductionSignificant Enhancement in Product Properties with Existing AssetsSubstantial Improvement in Energy Efficiency for Existing Processes
Advancing the Wood Products Revolution Improved Building Systems
Reduced System Costs
Next Generation Fiber Recoveryand Utilization Recycled Fiber Indistinguishable from Virgin Fiber
Technologically Advanced WorkforceFrom Workforce to Knowledge Workers in 7 years
Positively Impacting the EnvironmentSignificant Reduction in Greenhouse Gases
Decreased Ecological Footprint
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Future Industrial Connections Paper Industry – Cellulose for paper and lignin for
energy with hemicellulose and extractable such as acetic acid, turpentine, fatty acids, etc. for New Materials
Wood burning industry – Lignin as fuel and all other components for new materials
Purpose-built Biorefinery – All components available for new materials
Technology appropriate may well differ depending on the industry
Waste and energy recovery Gasification evolution has begun
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The Coming Age of WoodEgon Glesinger, 1949
…. forests can be made to produce fifty times their present volume of end products and still remain a permanently self-renewing source for raw materials…... Only forests - no other raw material resource - can yield such returns. The forest can, and so must, end the chronic scarcities of material goods that have harassed man’s experience since the beginning of history.
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Thank You