The Biological Weapons Convention Consideration of …httpAssets)/65403365059BC… · The...
Transcript of The Biological Weapons Convention Consideration of …httpAssets)/65403365059BC… · The...
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
The Biological Weapons Convention
Consideration of the content, promulgation and
adoption
of codes of conduct for scientists
Meeting of Experts
Geneva, 13-24 June 2005
IPPC Secretariat
FAO of the UN
Rome
Italy
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
FAO Codes of Conduct
• International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of
Pesticides
• FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
• International Code of Conduct for Germplasm Collecting and
Transfer
• [Draft Code of Conduct on Biotechnology as it relates to Genetic
Resources to Food and Agriculture]
• [ISPM 3: Code of conduct for the import and release of exotic
biological control agents] – revised and replaced by ISPM 03
(2005): Guidelines for the export, shipment, import and release of biological control agents and other beneficial organisms
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
International Code of Conduct on the
Distribution and Use of Pesticides
• Adopted by FAO Conference in 1985 and updated 2002
• It is the worldwide guidance document on pesticide management
for all public and private entities engaged in, or associated with,
the distribution and use of pesticides
• Voluntary code with 3 principal players
1 Governments
All of FAO’s Members have pledged together to make the Code a
success
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
International Code of Conduct on the
Distribution and Use of Pesticides
• 2 The Pesticide Industry
The pesticide industry has made a clear commitment to ensure the
responsible and ethical management of its pesticide products from
initial development – use in the field – eventual disposal
• 3 Civil Society Organizations
A range of non-governmental organizations, environmental and
consumer groups, trade unions and farmers' associations have
participated in establishing the Code
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
International Code of Conduct on the
Distribution and Use of Pesticides
• The entities addressed by the Code include:
– international organizations,
– governments of exporting and importing countries,
– pesticide industry,
– application equipment industry,
– traders,
– food industry,
– users, and
– public-sector organizations such as environmental groups,
consumer groups and trade unions.
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
International Code of Conduct on the
Distribution and Use of PesticidesText of the Code covers (in 12 Articles)
1. Objectives of the Code
To establish voluntary standards of conduct for all public and private entities engaged in or associated with the distribution and use of pesticides, particularly where there is inadequate or no national legislation to regulate pesticides
2. Terms and definitions
3. Pesticide management
4. Testing of pesticides
5. Reducing health and environment risks
6. Regulatory and technical requirements
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
International Code of Conduct on the
Distribution and Use of Pesticides
Text of the Code covers (in 12 Articles) Cont.
7. Availability and use
8. Distribution and trade
9. Information exchange
10. Labeling, packaging, storage and disposal
11. Advertising
12. Monitoring and observance of the Code
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
ISPM 03: Guidelines for the export, shipment, import and release
of biological control agents and other beneficial organisms
Formerly - “Code of Conduct for the Import and Release of exotic
biological control organisms”
• Code of conduct
– adopted in 1995 (before the revision of the IPPC in 1997)
– revised (2005) in order to become consistent with:
• the revised IPPC (takes into account internationally approved
principles governing the protection of the environment)
• the other international standards for phytosanitary measures
• (WTO SPS Agreement)
• Revised standard
– broadly follows the same structure as the original ISPM No. 3
– content is based primarily on risk management relating to the use of
biological control agents and other beneficial organisms
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
ISPM 03: Guidelines for the export, shipment, …
and other beneficial organisms
Most of the standard is based on the premise that a biological control agent/beneficial organism may be a potential pest itself
Objectives of the standard
• facilitate the safe export, shipment, import and release of biological control agents and other beneficial organisms by providing guidelines for all public and private bodies involved, particularly through the development of national legislation where it does not exist.
• describes the need for cooperation between importing and exporting countries so that:
• benefits to be derived from using biological control agents or other beneficial organisms are achieved with minimal adverse effects
• practices which ensure efficient and safe use while minimizing environmental risks due to improper handling or use are promoted
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
ISPM 03 – Requirements of the Std
1. Contracting parties (to the IPPC)
• Designate an authority with appropriate competencies
(usually their NPPO) to be responsible for both:
• export certification, and
• regulating the import or release of biological control agents and
other beneficial organisms, subject to relevant phytosanitary
measures and procedures
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
ISPM 03 – Requirements of the Std (cont.)
2. Responsibilities of the importing NPPO
• Pest risk analysis
• carry out pest risk analysis prior to import or release (may need to
be imported for research and evaluation in secure facilities prior to
release)
• If already present in the country, regulation may only be needed to
ensure there is no contamination or infestation of the organism, or
that interbreeding with local genotypes of the same species does
not result in new phytosanitary risks
• consider possible impacts on the environment
• Establish appropriate phytosanitary measures
• import, shipment, quarantine facilities (including approval of
research facilities - containment and disposal) release
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
ISPM 03 – Requirements of the Std (cont.)
2. Responsibilities of the importing NPPO (cont.)
• Upon import
• Inspection - should take place at an officially nominated quarantine facility.
• Quarantine - should ensure that the organisms are cultured or reared in quarantine (i.e. if appropriate), for as long as considered necessary.
• Release - may allow the organisms to be passed directly for release, provided that all conditions have been complied with and required documentary evidence is made available
• Release
• should authorize and audit official requirements related to the release of (e.g. under glass)
• Documentation – should be sufficient to allow trace-back
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
ISPM 03 – Requirements of the Std (cont.)
2. Responsibilities of the importing NPPO (cont.)
• Release (cont)
• Monitoring and evaluation - may monitor the release in order to evaluate and, as necessary, respond to the impact on the target & non-target organisms. (Where appropriate, include a marking system - e.g. sterile insects)
• Emergency measures - responsible for developing (and adopting) emergency plans or procedures, as appropriate
• Communication - should ensure that local users, farmers, farmer organizations and other affected parties, are kept sufficiently informed and educated on the appropriate measures for their use.
• Reporting - should abide by any reporting obligations under the IPPC, e.g. where an organism has shown pest characteristics.
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
ISPM 03 – Requirements of the Std (cont.)
3. Responsibilities of the exporting NPPO
• Compliance
• ensure that the phytosanitary import requirements of the importing country are met
• phytosanitary certificates (if required) to be issued in accordance with ISPM No. 12: Guidelines for phytosanitary certificates
• Appropriate documentation accompanies the consignment
• Packaging
• is secure in order to prevent escape of the contents
• Sterile insect technique
• organisms have been treated to achieve the required sterility for SIT purposes (e.g. using irradiation with the required minimum absorbed dose).
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
International Plant Protection Convention
• an international treaty relating to plant health
• deposited with the Director-General of the FAO since its initial
adoption by the Conference of FAO at its Sixth Session in 1951
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
International Plant Protection Convention
Purpose
- to secure common and effective
action to prevent the spread and
introduction of pests of plants and
plant products, and to promote
appropriate measures for their
control
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
International Plant Protection Convention
• 137 contracting parties
(18.06.05) across seven FAO
regions currently adhere
• provides a framework and a
forum for international
cooperation, harmonization and
technical exchange between
contracting parties
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
International Plant Protection Convention
Implementation - involves the collaboration of:
i National plant protection organizations - the official services established by governments to discharge the functions specified by the IPPC and
ii Regional plant protection organizations - may function as coordinating bodies on a regional level for participation in the activities to achieve theobjectives of the IPPC)
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
International Plant Protection Convention
• extends to the protection of
natural flora and plant products
• includes both direct and
indirect damage by pests, thus
including weeds
• provisions extend to cover
conveyances, containers,
storage places, soil and other
objects or material capable of
harbouring plant pests
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
The 1997 revision of the IPPC
• undertaken to reflect contemporary phytosanitary concepts and the role of the IPPC in relation to the Uruguay Round Agreementsof the WTO, particularly the SPS Agreement
• SPS Agreement identifies the IPPC as the organisation providing international standards for phytosanitary measures (ISPM)
• provides for the establishment of a Commission on Phytosanitary Measures - will serve as the global agreement's new governing body
• Functions of the Commission
- To promote the full implementation of the objectives of the IPPC
- Includes inter alia
“ … establish and keep under review, the necessary institutionalarrangements and procedures for the development and adoption of international standards, and to adopt international standards;”
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
FAO International Standards for
Phytosanitary Measures (2005)
01: Principles of plant quarantine as related to international trade
02: Guidelines for pest risk analysis
03 (2005): Guidelines for the export, shipment, import and release of
biological control agents and other beneficial organisms
04: Requirements for the establishment of Pest Free Areas
05: Glossary of phytosanitary terms 2002
06: Guidelines for surveillance
07: Export certification system
08: Determination of pest status in an area
09: Guidelines for pest eradication programmes
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
FAO International Standards for
Phytosanitary Measures (2005)10: Requirements for the establishment of pest free places of
production and pest free production sites
11 (2004): Pest Risk Analysis for quarantine pests including analysis of environmental risks and living modified organisms
11: Rev. 1 (2003): Pest Risk Analysis for quarantine pests including analysis of environmental risks
12: Guidelines for phytosanitary certificates
13: Guidelines for notification of non-compliance and emergency action
14: The use of integrated measures in a systems approach for pest risk management
15: Certification mark
15: Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade
13 June 2005 Mtg of Experts to BWC Geneva
FAO International Standards for
Phytosanitary Measures (2005)
16: Regulated non-quarantine pests: concepts and application
17: Pest reporting
18: Guidelines for the use of irradiation as a phytosanitary measure
19: Guidelines on lists of regulated pests
20: Guidelines for a phytosanitary import regulatory system
21: Pest risk analysis for regulated non quarantine pests
22: Requirements for the establishment of areas of low pest
prevalence
23: Guidelines for inspection
24: Guidelines for the determination and recognition of equivalence
of phytosanitary measures