The Bicycles of Paris

1The Bicycles of ParisNoun Clauses

12Use a noun clause as the subject or the object of the main verb in a sentence. How this all was organized was something I was curious about. I learned that bicycles were available for rent everywhere.Noun clause - SUBJECTNoun clause - OBJECT23Do not use question word order in a noun clause.I wondered how the Velib bikes were paid for.I wondered. How were the Velib bikes paid for?Normal question word orderNoun clause word order34Practice 1 Find the noun clause. One sentence does not have a noun clause. 1. My friend told me that she rented a bike in Paris.

2. That she was willing to ride a bike in the city traffic impressed me.

3. I wondered how she was able to rent the bike.

4. She told me that it was easy.

5. Where did you go to rent the bike?

6. She told me where she went to rent the bike.

7. I asked her what she paid to rent the bike.(No noun clause.)45Use a question word followed by an infinitive to express either should or can/could.Riders can choose when and where to drop off the bikes. I found out how to get access to the bicycles.I found out how I could get access to the bicycles.Riders can choose when and where they should drop off the bikes.56Certain verbs and adjectives often come in front of that-noun clauses.I think that it is a very good way to cut down on car traffic and air pollution. Verb + that-clausePerson + be + adjective + that-clauseAnna is proud that the Velib bicycle program is going so well.It + be + adjective + that-clauseIt is important that cities find ways to cut down on car traffic and air pollution.67Use quotation marks before and after the exact words of a speaker.The man said, I use it everyday. Im retired, so I have a lot of free time, and I use it to visit Paris.I use it every day. Im retired, so I have a lot of free time, and I use it to visit Paris.

78Dont use quotation marks in reported speech.

I change bikes within the free 30 minutes, so I never have to pay.

He said that he changes bikes within the free 30-minute period, so he never has to pay.8Note: Usually, the verb in reported speech changes to the past if the main verb is past tense, but in this sentence the man is reporting something that happens every day.

9Practice 2Complete the sentences with your own words. Use noun clauses.1. Anna found out __________________________.

2. Please tell me ___________________________.

3. Tom said _______________________________.

4. Do you know ____________________________?

He was surprised _________________________.

910Interview a partner. Use a that-clause in your answersWhat is something that you are sorry about in the past?What is something about science that amazes you?What is something about school that annoys you?What is something you are proud of?What is something that you are relieved happened?What is something that you are worried about for the future?

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1112Use who or that as the subject of an adjective clause.Scientists who have different opinions about animal behavior, say thought has three elements. who1213Use who or that as the subject of an adjective clause.The Think Tank at the National Zoo in Washington, DC, is an exhibit that is unique.

that1314Use who(m), which, that, or as the object of the verb in an adjective clause.The project examines the biological thinking process.

Scientists call the project the Think Tank.The project, which scientists call the Think Tank, examines the biological thinking process. 1415Practice 1Choose all the possible completions.The Think Tank is an exhibit ___ is very interesting.a. who b. that c. which d. e. whom f. itThe scientists ___ work there are studying thinking.a. who b. that c. which d. e. whom f. theyLets go to the new exhibit ___ Tom told us about.a. who b. that c. which d. e. whom f. it

1516Practice 1Choose all the possible completions.4. Its the scientists ___ are studying the orangutans.a. who b. that c. which d. e. whom f. they5. The Think Tank is a place ___ Id like to visit.a. who b. that c. which d. e. whom f. it6. The study ___ goes on all day is open to the public.a. who b. that c. which d. e. whom f. it

1617Use whose to show possession in adjective clauses.whoseThe orangutans are the ones whose language ability is being examined.Whose language ability is being studied?The orangutans.18Use when to modify a noun of time in adjective clauses.whenOn days when they go to the Think Tank, they can choose if they want to participate or just watch.What does when refer to?On days they go to the Think Tank.19Use where to modify a place.whereThe building where they live is linked to The Think Tank by cables.

Which place is where referring to? The buildingThe Think Tank1920Practice 2Make one sentence out of the two sentences by using adjective clauses.3. Here are some children. Their parents have brought them to the zoo. 2. The scientists study the animals. The animals are awake then.1. The Think Tank is in the zoo. All this activity takes place is in The Think Tank. Here are some children whose parents have brought them to the zoo.

The scientists study the animals when they are awake.The Think tank, where all this activity takes place, is in the zoo.21ReviewComplete the sentences. More than one answer may be possible. Discuss your choices.1. The symbols have no visual relationship to the words _____ they represent.a. who b. that c. which d. e. whom f. where

2. The Think Tank is the only place in the world _____ visitors have free access to this type of research.a. who b. that c. which d. e. where f. when

22ReviewComplete the sentences. More than one answer may be possible. Discuss your choices.3. The words _____ the orangutans are learning will be used to form simple sentences.a. who b. that c. which d. e. whom f. where

4. How do the orangutans make the connection from the word to the thing _____ it represents?a. who b. that c. which d. e. whom f. when

23Copyright 2009 Pearson Education andits licensors. All rights reserved.

Images used under license from:Shutterstock, Inc.

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