The Beginnings

download The Beginnings

of 7

description

planning

Transcript of The Beginnings

THE BEGINNINGSSETTLEMENT DESIGN Agricultural Societies Rectilinear Plotting LAYOUT 1. Grid (or Rectilinear) product of the farmer 2. Circular (Fencing) product of the herdsman defensive role 3. Radio-centric when circular settlements enlarge fortress cities (i.e. Paris) Pictures Circular Layout

Radio-centric Layout

A. Ancient GreeceLANDSCAPE Powerfully assertive HIGH PLACES fortified hilltop Sacred precinct TOWN DESIGN = SENSE OF THE FINITE Aristotles ideal size of city = 10,000 20,000 people Never attempted to overwhelm nature Buildings give a sense of human measure to landscape THE STREET Not a principal element but as a leftover space for circulation PLACE OF ASSEMBLY Market (agora)

Pictures Acropolis

Agora

The agora was a central spot in ancient Greek city-states. The literal meaning of the word is "gathering place" or "assembly". The agora was the center of athletic, artistic, spiritual and political life of the city.B. Ancient RomeURBAN DESIGN Greek : sense of the finite Romans : political power and organization USE OF SCALE Greek use of scale is based on human measurements Romans used proportions that would relate parts of building instead of human measure

MODULE Greek use of house as module for town planning Roman use of street pattern as module to achieve a sense of overpowering grandeur made for military governmentTHE STREET Greeks : as a leftover space for circulation Romans: street are built first; buildings came later PLACE OF ASSEMBLY Greeks: market (agora) Romans: market, theater, and arena Pictures

C. Medieval EraDECLINE OF ROME Dark Ages, but not for urban designURBAN SETTINGS Military strongholds, castles, monasteries, towns MILITARY STRONGHOLDS Acropolis and Capitoline Hill CASTLES Built atop hills, enclosed by circular walls Radio-centric growthMONASTERIES Citadels of learning Laid out in rectilinear pattern MEDIEVAL TOWNS Like Greek towns, small and finite in size Lacks geometry Became parts of larger territorial states Growth and population created the need for marketplaces VISIBLE EXTERIORS Suit the viewing conditions of small spaces VISTA considerations and HUMAN SCALE Fine accents in landscape STREET LAYOUT Functional But with no logical formMEDIEVAL ERA sets the stage for RENAISSANCE Skill of builders Wealth of bourgeoisie and nobility Organization of the military and new force in gunpowder Development of political powers and expertise New organizations Scholarly knowledge of the church 3 MAJOR EVENTS MARKING TRANSITION FROM MEDIEVAL TIMES Dawn of science Fall of Constantinople Discovery of the New World Pictures

D. Renaissance Era MEDIEVAL URBAN DESIGN were to be discarded Sense of scale Intimate relation between house and street MEDIEVAL SYSTEM OF TOWN DESIGN Truly livable Humanist basis RENAISSANCE SYSTEM OF TOWN DESIGN Role of the individual as builder of his town was lostIDEAL CITIES 1440 (beginning of Renaissance) Leon Battista Alberti Foremost theoretician Albertis De Architectura Treats architecture and town design as single theme (just like Vitruvius)ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF EARLY RENAISSANCE Public Works Civic improvement projectsREBUILDING FERRARA Palazzo Diamanti Most famous structure Biaggio Rossetti Architect and town planner Regarded as one of the worlds earliest modern urban designersRossettis plan Street widening, new buildings, wall improvement Enlarge the town Carry on with the plan build upon LESSONS FROM ROSSETTIS EFFORT Repair an existing city Plan for enlargement Decide which to concentrate effort Lay down a plan that is logical and realizable Provide framework for others to build upon