The Battle of Verdun & the Battle of the Somme. The Battle of Verdun One of the biggest battles of...
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Transcript of The Battle of Verdun & the Battle of the Somme. The Battle of Verdun One of the biggest battles of...
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The Battle of Verdun & the Battle of the Somme
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The Battle of Verdun
•One of the biggest battles of WWI▫Fought in 1916, from Feb – Dec
•Fought between the French and Germans▫Part of the Schlieffen Plan
•Key to determining who would win on the Western front
•At the time: the longest battle history had ever known
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Goals of the Germans:
•German Army’s chief of staff wanted to strike a fatal blow▫Verdun had important symbolic value to the
French▫Germans thought the French would bleed
out their army trying to defend it▫Thus, they saw Verdun as a chance to
destroy the French army
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Soldier’s Experiences of Verdun
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The Toll
•Verdun resulted in 306,000 battlefield deaths▫163,000 French▫143,000 German
•And at least 1/2 million wounded
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In the end
•Counts as a strategic victory for France•But – was a costly stalemate for both
countries in terms of death tolls
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Verdun today
•Land around Verdun is still marked by war▫Thousands of shell holes in countryside▫Trenches slice through the woods▫Mine craters still visible▫Barbed wire and remains of fortresses still
can be seen•War memorial
▫Remains of 130,000 French and German soldiers
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Battle of the SommeAn overview of the battle
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Overview
• July 1 – Nov. 18, 1916
• One of the costliest battles of WWI
• Approximately 1.2 million casualties• 420,000 British • 200,000 French • 500,000 German
Dead German soldiers at Battle of the Somme
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British gains
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Cause and effect
• Attempt by the British to “push through” the German lines
• Fought along northwestern part of the Western Front
• After months of fighting, and several assaults up and down the front, resulted in small gains in land for England
• Greatly weakened German war effort overall
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Causes of high death toll
Massive loss of life due to new military technologies:• machine guns• artillery/mines• hand grenades• gas• airplanes• first use of tanks
British gun crew wearing PH-type anti-gas helmets
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Central Historical Question:
A British trench July 1916 during the Battle of the Somme
Who won the first day of the Battle of the Somme?
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Document Analysis Worksheet
•Our job today is to investigate what happened on the first day of the battle, July 1, 1916, by reading three historical accounts of the day:▫a British newspaper article written by a
journalist who was at the battle▫the memoir of a British soldier who fought
in the battle▫the memoir of a German soldier who fought
in the battle
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Read Document A
•Answer the questions on the graphic organizer.
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Read Documents B & C
•Answer the questions on the graphic organizer
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Free Write
•Who won the first day at the Battle of the Somme?▫Use evidence to support your answer!
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Discussion Questions
•Why are documents B & C so different from document A?
•Which of the documents is most trustworthy? Why?
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Central Historical Question
Who won the first day of the Battle of the Somme?
Day One Casualties:
• 57,470 British• 8, 000 German• 7, 000 French
Which documents does this data support or corroborate?