The Battle of New Orleans : Urban Planning After Hurricane Katrina Daniel M. Rothschild Associate...
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Transcript of The Battle of New Orleans : Urban Planning After Hurricane Katrina Daniel M. Rothschild Associate...
The Battle of New Orleans:
Urban Planning After Hurricane Katrina
Daniel M. RothschildAssociate Director, Global Prosperity InitiativeMercatus Center at George Mason University
Background on Mercatus Research Five-year project
Three sectors of society What works
What I plan to cover Larger research project
Emily Chamlee-Wright (Beloit College) Virgil Storr (Mercatus Center) Sanford Ikeda (SUNY – Purchase) Peter Gordon (USC)
Why is Planning an Issue?
Old ideas come to the forefront Policy Entrepreneurs
John Kingdon: Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies (1984)
Disaster Capitalists
Naomi Klein: The Shock Doctrine (2007)
Something needs to be “fixed” Solving collective action problems
What’s Working on the Ground
Civil Society Neighborhoods and Civic Groups Churches
July 2006, New Orleans East
February 2006, Near UNO
What’s Working on the Ground
Civil Society Neighborhoods and Civic Groups Churches
For-Profit Sector Small Entrepreneurs Large Businesses
Local Government Entrepreneurs (!)
What’s Not Working on the Ground Road Home Program No clear rules of the game Moving Money: SBA and CDBG State and Local Governments in Chaos
Permit process a wreck Lower Ninth Ward Health Clinic
Poor communication between governments
New Orleans: City Planners Gone Wild Assumption: New Urban Plan Needed Interest Group Politics Five Major Planning Initiatives Additional Regional and De Facto Plans
Louisiana Speaks Road Home
Plan I: ESF-14
Managed by FEMA Mostly matters outside of New Orleans Incorporated into Louisiana Speaks
Regional Plan for Southeast Louisiana Based on “citizen participation”
Plan II: Bring New Orleans Back Announced September 2005 Bypassed City Planning Commission Staffed by Local Notables “Green space” + “Buyouts” = Land Grab December 2005: Canazaro Plan
Three years to build Shrink “inadequate” neighborhoods
Proof of Viability
Plan III: Lambert Plan
46 Local Plans Difficulty Defining Neighborhoods “Citizen Participation” Poorly Advertised Community Meetings Quickly Abandoned
Plan IV: Unified New Orleans Plan Funded in part by the Rockefeller
Foundation; Managed by the Greater New Orleans Foundation
Building on Lambert Plan: 14 District Plans Denounced by Lambert
Plan IV: Unified New Orleans Plan March 2007: Draft of UNOP Released
BGR: “A wishlist, not a plan” “You may have the greatest plan in the world, but
if we do not understand it, we will not trust it.” “A hearing is a nice thing, but it’s not
participation.” May 2007: Final Draft Released
Did not confront flood risk No information, no tradeoffs
Plan V: Blakely Plan
UNOP-Plus $14 billion plan 17 targeted zones for $1.1 billion investment
Common Threads in Replanning Top-down Disrespectful of Property Rights Citizen “Participation”
“We, the regular everyday run-of-the-mill citizen has had to become experts on everything because we
deal with experts about every phase of our lives and they are expert in their field, but we’ve had to
become experts on everything, on planning, on construction, on city works, on infrastructure, on
organization, on healthcare, on elders, on schools, on Dancer, on Prancer, on Donner, and Blitzen.”
- New Orleans resident, March 2007
Common Threads in Replanning Top-down Disrespectful of Property Rights Citizen “Participation” Irreconcilable Differences Master Plans that Pick Winners Big Promises, Most Broken Lip Service to Markets Never Really Serious
Urban Planning on the Ground Plans Initially Taken Seriously Now Irrelevant to Individual Action Politics and Rumors Taken Seriously
“And it’s so confusing because you know you hear one thing on the radio, one saying this; you know bits and pieces of information. There’s no clear plan.
Even you go to those meetings; you can’t get a clear answer about what’s what.”
–Educator, New Orleans, April 2006
Urban Planning on the Ground Plans Initially Taken Seriously Now Irrelevant to Individual Action Politics and Rumors Taken Seriously Signal Noise
The persistent distortion of signals that does not self-correct making the underlying signals – the signals that are critical to guiding sustainable recovery – more difficult for people on the ground to read and interpret.
“But we have to stay the course. We have to, and this is an analogy that I love because it’s so New Orleans. We are like a folks at a Mardi Gras
parade. We have to stand in line and throw our hands up at every float that passes in hopes that we
catch something, because surely if we don’t go to the parade, we don’t get nothing. What we mostly get is junk. But if we’re not at the parade, we miss
the party. We miss the party. We’ve got to go.”
- New Orleans resident, March 2007
Lessons for Future Disasters
Don’t Lie to People Underpromise, Overdeliver Don’t Trust the Man Don’t Try to Replan Cities Allow Neighborhood Devolution Understand Organic Growth
Daniel M. RothschildMercatus Center at George Mason
University
www.mercatus.org/katrina