The Battle of Hastings 1066
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Transcript of The Battle of Hastings 1066
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The Battle of Hastings 1066
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The Romans
Julius Caesar invades Britannia 55-54 BC The Saxons
Departure of Romans in A.D. 410 Saxons, Angles, and Jutes Britain became England
The Vikings Invasion begins in the 9th Century
Background of England
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The Romans The Franks The Vikings The Duchy of Normandy
Background of Normandy
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Why the battle
happened? King Ethelred the
Unready(978) Married Emma (1007) Alfred, Edward, and
Goodwife King Canute (1016)
Also King of Denmark King Hardecante (1035) Alfred murdered (1036) Edward became Heir King Hardecante died
(1042)
The Godwins Godwin Edith married Edward (1045) Eustace involved in a fracas
(1051) Edward ordered the town be
burned Godwin refused William the Duke of
Normandy Godwin returned Harold Godwinson became
King Harold II (1066)
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William the Conqueror was the first to
completely take over Britain Dramatically altered the history of Europe Demonstrates a successful Amphibious
Operation
Significance
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Leaders
King Harold II Defeated the Wales
in a series of campaigns (1062-63)
William I Began fighting
battles at the age of 19
Secured Normandy in 1047 after The Battle of Val-ès-Dunes
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Comparing Forces
English 6000 Fyrd
40 day militea Farming tools Kite shields
1200 Housecarls Bill and Spears Kite Shields
Possibly a few archers No Cavalry
Normans 700 ships 7500 Infantry
Battleaxe or Lance Kite Shield
3600 Knights Battleaxe, Spear, and
Sword Kite Shield
1000 Archers 100 yard range
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September 1066 Harald Hardrada Tostig Godwinson Ended 25 September
Norwegian Invasion
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28 September – Landed near Pevensey Harold rushed south William set up camp overlooking Hasting 13 October Harold lead his troop to Senlac Hill 7 miles NW of Hastings William went on the defense
Norman Invasion
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14 October 1066
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No statistics Reinforcement arrived Marched to London Saxon delegation surrender to William in
Berkhamstead William was crowned King of England on
Christmas Day, 1066 Later defeated the Scots and Welsh
The Aftermath
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Levels of War
King Harold II Policy
Protect England Strategic
Destroy Enemy Operational
Senlac Hill Tactical
Ambush
William the Conqueror Policy
Conquer England Strategic
Take London Operational
Land forces at Pevensey Tactical
Offensive/Defense
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The Landing Itself Is Rarely the Key Problem The Amphibious Invasion Is a Means to an
End, Not an End in Itself The Influence of Terrain and Geography
Themes of Amphibious Operations
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Offensive
FundamentalsGood
Orient on the enemy Gain and maintain contact Develop the situation Concentrate superior firepower at the
decisive time and place Exploit known enemy weaknesses Gain and retain the initiative Neutralize the enemy’s ability to react Advance by fire and maneuver Maintain momentum. Act quickly Exploit success Be flexible Be aggressive Provide for the security of the force
Bad Achieve surprise Seize or control key
terrain
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Questions