The Battle of Bannockburn
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Transcript of The Battle of Bannockburn
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The Battle of Bannockburn
We are exploring the reasons for the Scots victory.
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How did the Scots prepare for Bannockburn?
• Chose a good position – on a wooded hill near the River Forth.
• Trained e.g. mobile schiltrons• They dug pits that were filled with caltrops • Built an army that consisted of foot soldiers
and cavalry. • 2000 ‘small folk’ in reserve.
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Describe the events at Bannockburn…
• Bruce killed De Bohun; leader of the English army. • The English sent their vanguard under Gloucester and Hereford. • Bruce’s men charged forward and the English were in disarray and
fell into the pits. The English knights retreated in confusion. • Randolph formed the Scots into shiltrons. • In the early hours the Scots approached the English in shiltrons. • The English panicked and fled. Many drowned or were captured. • At the end of the battle, the Small Folk charged towards the English
who then retreated because they thought it was a 2nd army. • Douglas and Randolph launched an attack on the remaining 9
divisions. • Bruce gave a speech to his men at the start.
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Why did the Scots win at Bannockburn?
• Bruce’s leadership was key – experienced in battle. He raised morale of army by talking to them before the battle.
• Men were trained to fight in mobile schiltrons – English couldn’t break through.
• Good battle ground which suited his men. The Scots had the best position; on a wooded hill sloping towards marshy ground near River Forth. The English had limited space and were positioned on marshy ground.
• The English were tired and disheartened – their leader De Bohun was killed by Bruce.
• Bruce had important Commanders & soldiers fighting for him.
• Charge of the ‘small folk’ led the English to believe there was a second army. They fled and many were drowned, crushed or captured.
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To what extent was the Scots position the main reason for the Scots victory
at the Battle of Bannockburn?
The position of the Scots was a main reason for the Scots victory at Bannockburn because Bruce had positioned them at the top of a wooded hill. So, this meant they could see the English position as well as momentum for charging. This forced the English into a weak position on marshy ground with limited space. However, this was not the only reason for the Scots victory at Bannockburn.