The Basics of Booming and Skimmingalaskarrt.org/Files/Mechanical and ISB Overview.pdfPlatform Acres...
Transcript of The Basics of Booming and Skimmingalaskarrt.org/Files/Mechanical and ISB Overview.pdfPlatform Acres...
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The Basics of Booming and Skimming
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Refers to the period of time during which conditions are appropriate for a particular response technology
Mostly a consideration for on-water response
It is a function of the type of oil, release rate, spreading, physical and chemical changes in the oil and environmental conditions
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Amount of oil that can be concentrated and collected over time by an individual piece of equipment or system
Key factor in determining anticipated recovery
Applies to all on-water activities (not relevant to on-shore activities)
Function of oil thickness, application swath width and speed of advance
Encounter rate is low for containment (skimming or in-situ burning) and high for aerial dispersant operations
Decreases over time as oil spreads
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Platform Acres per Hour
Mechanical
Small Skimmers 0.2 - 2.6
Medium Skimmers 3.5 - 14
Large Skimmers 21 - 70
In-Situ Burning 5 - 31
Dispersants
Vessels 28 - 140
Small Aircraft and Helicopters 193 - 893
Large Aircraft 1750 - 5000Source: ExxonMobil 2008a
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Two steps ◦ Containment
◦ Recovery or removal
Boom configuration and placement ◦ U, V, J for two towing vessels
◦ Sweep (single vessel)
◦ Encirclement
◦ Diversion, exclusion or cascade
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Source: ExxonMobil 2008
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“U”
“V”
“J”
Source: ExxonMobil 2008
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Booms limited by sea state and current ◦ Critical current for most booms
approximately 1 knot (0.5 m/s) ◦ Up to approximately 2 knots can be
accommodated with cascading booming
Sea State ◦ Good conditions - 0 to 10 knots, calm or swells ◦ Poor conditions - >20 knots, waves 3 to 4 foot
Boom size must be appropriate for conditions
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Entrainment or drainage
Critical accumulation
Splash over
Submergence
Planing
Structural failure
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Entrainment
Drainage
Splashover
Source: ExxonMobil 2008
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Submergence
Planing
Source: ExxonMobil 2008
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Mechanical devices to remove oil from water surface ◦ Independent
◦ Built into vessel or containment device
Function best on thick slicks
Rated based on recovery capacity as well as amount of water recovered with the oil
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Major types of skimmers ◦ Oleophilic surface skimmers
◦ Weir skimmers
◦ Suction skimmers (vacuum devices)
◦ Elevating skimmers
◦ Submersion skimmers
◦ Vortex (centrifugal) skimmers
Special purpose ships
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Drum Skimmer
Simple Weir Skimmer
Source: ExxonMobil 2008
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Vertical Rope Skimmer
Vessel Mounted Sorbent Lifting Belt
Source: ExxonMobil 2008
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Boom, pads, socks, pom-poms, etc.
Used for final cleanup
Synthetic
Natural ◦ Organic (peat moss, wood products)
◦ Inorganic (clay)
Can create secondary problems
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Usually requires containment
Most oils will burn ◦ 2 to 3 mm thick
◦ Ignition is relatively easy
◦ May be necessary to break emulsions
◦ Usually very efficient (90% plus)
Smoke plume usually below health level concerns within 500m downwind
Rapid removal (eliminates need for storage)
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Source: ExxonMobil 2008
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