THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch)...

108
THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2

Transcript of THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch)...

Page 1: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN

Chapter 2

Page 2: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Four Main Designs for Residential Homes

One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split

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The One Story Ranch Design

Living space is located on one level

Lends self to beautiful indoor and outdoor living

Absence of stairs…unless it has a basement

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The One Story Ranch

Low pitched roof with wide overhangs Outside is easy to maintain due to one

story May be built with full basement

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Disadvantage of Ranch Design More costly to build

Requires more roof area Requires more foundation

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Disadvantage of Ranch Design

Requires a larger lot Maintainace costs may be more

expensive due to large roof and exterior wall surface

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One-and-One Half Story Design

This home is often called the Cape Cod

One story with steeper roof which allows for expansion of the attic

Dormers

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Advantages of 11/2 Story

Economy Built in expansability

Bedrooms and bath are generally built into attic space

Second floor is about ½ the size of the first floor.

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One-and-One Half Story

Could be left unfinished at first Heating costs are minimal Rooms must be planned for the ultimate

number of occupants

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The Two Story

More economical to build than Ranch or the 1 ½ story designs

Requires smaller lot Heating and

cooling is economical

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The Two Story

Not as popular today as when it was introduced.

Usually traditional in style

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Disadvantages of Two Story

Maintenance may be difficult and more costly

Does not lend itself to variations in style

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The Split Design

Designed for the sloping or hilly lot

Takes advantage of troublesome elevation.

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The Split Design

Lowest level houses heating and cooling equipment, storage and shop or washroom

Basement occupies 40-60 percent of house space.

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The Split DesignThe Intermediate Level

Generally houses garage and recreation area

Ground level Patio Porch Terrace

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The Split DesignThe Living Level

Also located at grade level Kitchen, dining room, living room, Full or

half bath, Foyer, mud room, wash room may also

be located on this level. Patios and terraces

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The Split DesignThe Sleeping Area

The highest level of the house The half-level difference between the

living and sleeping levels affords greater privacy and quietness

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The Split Design

Often more expensive than two story but cheaper than a ranch

Heating tends to be a problem but is resolved by different thermostats

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Variations of Split-Level Design

1. Side-by-Side2. Front-to-Back3. Back-to-Front

Depending on the way the lot is sloped

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Traffic Circulation

Primary consideration

Moving from one room to another

Planned with maximum efficiency

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Traffic Circulation

Distance from garage to kitchen should be short and direct

Foyer should be centrally located All bedrooms need to be close to a bath Few rooms have traffic patterns Family room and eating nook are

exceptions

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CHAPTER 3

Primary Considerations

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What to consider:

Neighbors Climate Shopping Transportation Room for Expansion

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Cost & Restrictions

Costs tree removal grading drainage

The deed

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Zoning and Codes

Zoning Ordinances Commercial or Residential

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Topographical Features

Slope Contour Size Shape Elevations Trees Rocks Soil/Water Conditions

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Family Needs

Find/Build a home that fits needs of family

Eating Sleeping Laundry Hobbies Studying etc.

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Other Considerations

Planning the home not only from inside-out.

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Modular Aspects

Modular homes Factory build homes Utilize materials adding extra foot around house not big

expense

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Modular Aspects

Material Size Plywood - 4’ X 8’ Paneling - 4’ x 8’ Concrete Block

Modules of 4” Lumber

8’, 10’, 12,’ 16’

To reduce waste

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Drawings include a set of plans Plot Plan Foundation Plan Floor Plan Elevations Electrical Plan Construction Details Pictorial Representation

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CHAPTER 3

Primary Consideration

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What to consider:

Site Consideration Community Cost Zoning restrictions Style Location Schools

Page 34: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

What to consider:

Neighbors Climate Shopping Transportation Room for Expansion

Page 36: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Zoning and Codes

Zoning Ordinances Commercial or Residential

Page 37: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Topographical Features

Slope Contour Size Shape Elevations Trees Rocks Soil/Water Conditions

Page 38: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Family Needs

Find/Build a home that fits needs of family

Eating Sleeping Laundry Hobbies Studying etc.

Page 39: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Other Considerations

Planning the home not only from inside-out.

Page 40: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Modular Aspects

Modular homes Factory build homes Utilize materials adding extra foot around house not big

expense

Page 41: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Modular Aspects

Material Size Plywood - 4’ X 8’ Paneling - 4’ x 8’ Concrete Block

Modules of 4” Lumber

8’, 10’, 12,’ 16’

To reduce waste

Page 42: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Drawings include a set of plans Plot Plan Foundation Plan Floor Plan Elevations Electrical Plan Construction Details Pictorial Representation

Page 43: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

CHAPTER 5

The Bedroom

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The Bedroom

Home divided into three basic areas Sleeping Living Service

Page 45: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

The Sleeping Area

Bedrooms Baths Dressing Room Nurseries

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The Bedroom

Should be located in the Southwest corner of the house

Homes are categorized into categories of 2,3 & 4 Bedroom homes

The 3 BR home has the greatest sale potential

Bedrooms are located on a separate wing of the house or upstairs

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The Bedroom

FHA minimum - 100 Square Feet Average - 125-175 Square feet Largest Bedroom is referred to as the

Master Bedroom

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Bedroom Closets

4 linear feet for a man’s closet

6 linear feet for a woman’s closet

Minimum of two feet deep

Should be 30 inches if possible

Located along interior wall of Bedroom

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Access to Bedroom Closets

Variety of Options Bifold door 8’ in length Accordion Door in 8’ length Flush Door

Door Height = 6’-8” Be sure to have good lighting in closet

Page 50: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Bedroom Windows

Windows on two walls if possible

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Bedroom Doors

Doors swings into Bedroom Locate door near corner of Bedroom At least one entry door 1 3/8” Thick 6’-8” Height 2’ to 3’ Wide

minimum of 2’-6” wide

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Assignment

Design an average size bedroom according to the FHA specifications. Make a plan view drawing of the room including bed, dresser, chest pf drawers, and other furniture to meet the needs of your own activities. You may want to include study or reading areas.

Attach a closet to the bedroom. 3’ x 8’ with maximum door access

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CHAPTER 6

Living Room

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Living Area

Composed of a number of rooms Living room Dining room recreation or family room den or study special purpose rooms foyer patios guest bedroom

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Living Room

Center of Activity Play room for children TV room Conversation Place

Page 57: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Most Important Questions Regarding Size of Living Room

1. What furniture is planned to this room?2. How aften will the room be used?3. How many people are expected to use

the room?4. How many functions are combined in

this room?5. Is the living room size in proportion to

the remainder of the house?

Page 58: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Living Room Location

Traffic pattern should not pass through living room

Slightly raise or lower the floor to help discourage “thru traffic”

Room should be positioned at grade level

No main entrance way in room

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Living Room

Large windows or sliding doors give the room of feeling of spaciousness.

Adequate wall space for furniture Located near dining room Should be exciting and colorful

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The Dining Room

Most modern homes have dining rooms The function is to provided a special

place for eating

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The Dining Room

Size Small - 120 square feet Medium - 180 square feet Large - 252 square feet and larger

Page 62: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

The Dining Room

Possible Furniture to Include Rectangular, Oval, or Round Table China Cabinet or Hutch Buffet Server or Cart Corner Cabinet Dining Chairs

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Dining Room Chairs

Allow at least 2’-3” from center line to center line of dining room chair

Allow 2’-0” space for serving (behind the chair to the wall or piece of furniture).

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Location of Dining Room

Adjacent to the kitchen near family/living room between kitchen and living room (ideal)

Page 65: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Dining Room

Lighting should be able to be adjusted to set a mood

Bright warm and cheerful atmosphere should be presented

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Entryway and Foyer

All houses have at least one entryway but not necessarily a foyer

Page 67: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Entryway

Three basic types of entryways1. Main Entry2. Service Entry3. Special Purpose Entry

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Entryway

Main Entryway Designed to Impress Need not be large Creative use of materials will enhance

beauty Centrally located Should lead into foyer rather than room

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Entryway

Main Entryway Should be designed so that caller can be

viewed from inside the home Protection from weather is a consideration Entry doors are normally 3’-0” wide x 1 ¾”

Thick x 6’-8”High

Page 70: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Entryway

Main Entryway Should be designed so that caller can be

viewed from inside the home Protection from weather is a consideration Entry doors are normally 3’-0” wide x 1 ¾”

Thick x 6’-8”High

Page 71: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Entryway

Service Entrance Usually connected to the kitchen May pace a mud room or utility room

between the door and kitchen

Page 72: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Entryway

Special Purpose Entries Those providing access to patios, decks and

terraces Not intended to be striking

Page 73: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Foyer

Functions as a place to greet guests and remove coats

Floor must be made of materials not affected by moisture and dirt

Must have coat closet Minimum size – 2’x3’ but 30” x 4’-0” is

more desirable

Page 74: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Foyer

Size of Foyer depends on several factors The size of home Cost of the home Location Personal preference

Page 75: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Foyer

Minimum foyer size 6’ x 6’

Average foyer size 8’ x 10’

Large foyer size Anything larger than 8’ x 10’

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Foyer

Often provide access to other rooms in house through halls

Hall spaces should be kept to minimum Minimum hall width – 3’-0” More desirable – 3’-6” to 4’-0”

Page 77: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Family Recreation Room

The family recreation room provides a place where the family can play or pursue hobbies

Designed for functionality and maintenance

Often provides for overflow of space if needed

Page 78: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Family Recreation Room

Can be places near patio to take advantage of pool, outdoor picnics or sunbathing

Often located in basement Common size – 12’ x 20’

Page 79: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Patios, Porches and Courts

Architect should plan for outdoor living

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Patios

Near house but not structurally connected

Usually at ground level Concrete, brick, and stone are common

materials used Designed for entertainment, relaxation,

playing, living

Page 81: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Patios

Locate patio to ensure privacy Off living, dining or family room

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Patio Size

Small – 10’ x 14’

Large – 20’ x 30’

Should be designed proportional to the house

Take into consideration the sun, wind and view

Page 84: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Courts

May posses characteristics of both a patio and a porch

Used for dining, relaxation and entertaining

Often used to break up floor plans Provide natural light into the home

Page 85: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

CHAPTER 7

Room Planning and Service Area

Page 86: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Chapter 7

The service area supplements the Living and sleeping areas of the house.

Includes: Kitchen, Laundry, Work Center, Utility,

Garage and Storage

Page 87: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Chapter 7

The service area supplements the Living and sleeping areas of the house.

Includes: Kitchen, Laundry, Work Center, Utility,

Garage and Storage

Page 88: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Kitchen

Food preparation but can be used for dining, laundry, and storage

Usually the most expensive room in the house

Page 89: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Efficient Kitchen

Placement of appliances Providing adequate storage cabinets food preparation facilities Minimum amount of walking distance

Page 90: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

The Work Triangle

Measure of kitchen efficiency

Lines drawn from the center of the range, sink and refrigerator

Lengths of lines are added together

Practical kitchen should not exceed a 21’ work triangle

Page 91: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Six Basic Kitchen Styles

Straight Line “L” Shaped Corridor “U” Shaped Peninsula Island

Page 92: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Straight Line Kitchen

Used in cottages and apartments Little space is required Two disadvantages

Not very interesting Provides little cabinet space

Page 93: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

“L” Shaped Kitchen

Located along two adjacent walls

attractive Two work centers are

located along one wall and a third along another wall

Not intended for large kitchens

Page 94: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

The Corridor Kitchen

Located on two walls opposite each other

Small to medium size

Ideal for long, narrow room

Open space between the cabinets should be at least four feet

Page 95: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

The “U” Shaped Kitchen

Most popular design High level of

efficiency No through traffic Work triangle is

compact and functional

Page 96: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

The Peninsula Kitchen

Popular because it provides plenty of work space

Attractive Easily joined to the dining

room using the peninsula as a divider

Peninsula may be used as a cooking center, eating area, food preparation

Traffic is reduced to a minimum

Work triangle is compact

Page 97: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

The Island Kitchen

Island may house the sink, cooking center, food preparation, work space, snack bar

Island should be accessible from all sides

At least four feet clearance should be allowed on all sides of the island

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Cabinets and Appliances

Page 99: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Cabinets and Appliances

Appliances are available in a variety of styles, colors, and sizes

Standards are located on page 137

Page 100: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Cabinets

Provide most storage in kitchens

Available in standard sizes but can be custom made

Standard base cabinets are 34 1/2” high, 24” deep, and width increments in 3” multiples (15”, 18”, 21”)

Page 101: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Cabinets

Wall cabinets are either 12 or 13 inches deep (standard)

Cabinets are 12” to 30” high in increments of 3 inches

Page 102: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Cabinets

Figure 7-26 on page 140 manufactures numbers are located on each

cabinet wall cabinets are represented by a hidden

line

Page 103: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Cabinets

Figure 7-26 on page 140 manufactures numbers are located on each

cabinet wall cabinets are represented by a hidden

line

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Kitchen Location

Near outside door for easy access to trash

Near dining room Windows should be placed so that

children can be observed in yard Near laundry room Near bathroom

Page 105: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Ventilation

Wall fan is good but hood with fan is better

Exhaust should not be expelled into the attic

Page 106: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Kitchen Decor

Pleasant Well Lighted - over work stations Colors of appliances should be

consistent with the overall design of the kitchen

Kitchen materials should be easy to maintain

Page 107: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Clothing Care Centers

Located near the kitchen Should include place to take care of

laundry Washer Dryer Ironing board Sewing machine

Page 108: THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split.

Assignments

Finish room design Plot room design Design a medium-size living room with

furniture Design a modern Kitchen. Design and draw plans for a dining room

which is designed to seat six people.