The Baroque City:The Baroque City: Court, Parade & CapitalCourt, Parade & Capital

The Culture of CitiesThe Culture of Cities

Wednesday, March 8/2006Wednesday, March 8/2006

SOSC 2730SOSC 2730

Final ExaminationFinal Examination

•2-5 PM, Monday, April 242-5 PM, Monday, April 24

Schedule of ReadingSchedule of Reading• week of March 13week of March 13

– The Structure of Baroque Power (12)The Structure of Baroque Power (12)

– Court, Parade & Capital (13)Court, Parade & Capital (13)

• week of March 20week of March 20

– Commercial Expansion & Urban Dissolution (14)Commercial Expansion & Urban Dissolution (14)

– Paleotechnic Paradise: Coketown (15)Paleotechnic Paradise: Coketown (15)

• week of March 27week of March 27

– Suburbia –– and Beyond (16)Suburbia –– and Beyond (16)

– The Myth of Megalopolis (17)The Myth of Megalopolis (17)

• week of April 3week of April 3

– Retrospect & Prospect (18)Retrospect & Prospect (18)

Selected CivilizationsSelected Civilizations

Selected CivilizationsSelected Civilizations

Selected CivilizationsSelected Civilizations

The The Black DeathBlack Death(Bubonic Plague)(Bubonic Plague)

1346-511346-51

150

125

100

75

50

25

0ca. 1050 ca. 1200 ca. 1330 ca. 1500

Cologne

Florence

Genoa

Granada

Seville

Venice

Social Instability & Social MobilitySocial Instability & Social Mobility

Florence, ItalyFlorence, Italy

Palazzo VecchioPalazzo Vecchio(1299)(1299)••a building for the a building for the Priors –– the Priors –– the representatives of the representatives of the guilds –– who guilds –– who governed the governed the Republic of FlorenceRepublic of Florence

rediscovery ofrediscovery ofclassical civilizationclassical civilization

medievalmedievalurbanizationurbanization

innovation ininnovation intrade & bankingtrade & banking

FlorenceFlorence

a flowering ofa flowering ofthe visual arts, literature,the visual arts, literature,

natural sciences, etc.natural sciences, etc.

CreativityCreativity

•aware of achievementsaware of achievements•very proud of their very proud of their

achievementsachievements

LinkLink

GreeceGreece ––> ––> Rome Rome ––> ––> FlorenceFlorence

––––> > France, England, Germany, SpainFrance, England, Germany, Spain

CreativityCreativity

• moral confusionmoral confusion– decline of religiondecline of religion

• abandonment of “natural” abandonment of “natural” religion (Voltaire)religion (Voltaire)

• violent family feuds, political violent family feuds, political divisions, warfare, patrician divisions, warfare, patrician wealth, piety, republican wealth, piety, republican government, creativitygovernment, creativity

AchievementsAchievements

• linkage to the pastlinkage to the past• rediscovery of “nature”rediscovery of “nature”•art came to reflect realismart came to reflect realism

RenaissanceRenaissance

•breakdown of medieval waysbreakdown of medieval ways– Mercantilist capitalismMercantilist capitalism– new political frameworknew political framework

•nation statesnation states– defensive function for emerging defensive function for emerging

metropolitan economiesmetropolitan economies»Amsterdam, London, Paris, etc.Amsterdam, London, Paris, etc.

– new ideological formsnew ideological forms

Renaissance CityRenaissance City

• MumfordMumford– until 1600s form rather confuseduntil 1600s form rather confused

– breakdown of authority of Churchbreakdown of authority of Church

– religionreligion

– tradetrade

– politicspolitics

MumfordMumford

• importance of the importance of the Black DeathBlack Death– collective exhaustioncollective exhaustion– social disorganizationsocial disorganization– shifting power relationshipsshifting power relationships– limits on freedomlimits on freedom

BaroqueBaroque

•uniformityuniformity•centralizationcentralization•absolutism of Churchabsolutism of Church ––> ––>

absolutism of the monarchabsolutism of the monarch– supremacy of the emerging supremacy of the emerging

nation statenation state

BaroqueBaroque

•centralization of powercentralization of power– absolute monarchsabsolute monarchs

•power of the Church is power of the Church is curtailedcurtailed

• independence of cities is independence of cities is reducedreduced

But how did this happen?But how did this happen?

Catherine of Aragon Henry VIII Anne BoleynCatherine of Aragon Henry VIII Anne Boleyn

Martin Luther Clement VII Thomas WolseyMartin Luther Clement VII Thomas Wolsey Charles VCharles V

Catherine of Aragon Catherine of Aragon Henry VIIIHenry VIII Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn

Martin Luther Clement VII Thomas WolseyMartin Luther Clement VII Thomas Wolsey Charles VCharles V

Henry VIIIHenry VIII(1491-1547)(1491-1547)King of EnglandKing of England

(1509-47)(1509-47)

Catherine of AragonCatherine of Aragon Henry VIII Anne Boleyn Henry VIII Anne Boleyn

Martin Luther Clement VII Thomas WolseyMartin Luther Clement VII Thomas Wolsey Charles VCharles V

Catherine of Aragon Henry VIII Catherine of Aragon Henry VIII Anne BoleynAnne Boleyn

Martin Luther Clement VII Thomas WolseyMartin Luther Clement VII Thomas Wolsey Charles VCharles V

Catherine of Aragon Henry VIII Anne BoleynCatherine of Aragon Henry VIII Anne Boleyn

Martin Luther Clement VII Thomas WolseyMartin Luther Clement VII Thomas Wolsey Charles VCharles V

Charles VCharles V(1500-58)(1500-58)

Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman Emperor(1520-58)(1520-58)

$$$$$$$$$$$$Portugal

Spain

Catherine of Aragon Henry VIII Anne BoleynCatherine of Aragon Henry VIII Anne Boleyn

Martin Luther Martin Luther Clement VIIClement VII Thomas Wolsey Thomas Wolsey

Charles VCharles V

Clement VIIClement VIIaka Giulio d’Mediciaka Giulio d’Medici

(1478-1534)(1478-1534)PopePope

(1523-1534)(1523-1534)

Catherine of Aragon Henry VIII Anne BoleynCatherine of Aragon Henry VIII Anne Boleyn

Martin Luther Clement VII Martin Luther Clement VII Thomas WolseyThomas Wolsey Charles VCharles V

Thomas WolseyThomas Wolsey(1473-1530)(1473-1530)

Archbishop & CardinalArchbishop & Cardinal(1515-1530)(1515-1530)

Lord Chancellor of EnglandLord Chancellor of England(1514-29)(1514-29)

Died while being transported Died while being transported for trial in London on a charge for trial in London on a charge

of treasonof treason

Catherine of Aragon Catherine of Aragon Henry VIIIHenry VIII Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn

Martin Luther Clement VII Thomas WolseyMartin Luther Clement VII Thomas Wolsey Charles VCharles V

Catherine of Aragon Henry VIII Anne BoleynCatherine of Aragon Henry VIII Anne Boleyn

Martin Luther Martin Luther Clement VIIClement VII Thomas Wolsey Thomas Wolsey

Charles VCharles V

Catherine of Aragon Henry VIII Anne BoleynCatherine of Aragon Henry VIII Anne Boleyn

Martin LutherMartin Luther Clement VII Thomas Wolsey Clement VII Thomas Wolsey

Charles VCharles V

Martin LutherMartin Luther(1483-1546)(1483-1546)

Augustinian Monk &Augustinian Monk &University ProfessorUniversity Professor

95 Propositions95 Propositionsfor discussionfor discussion

Church broke into factionsChurch broke into factions––––>> Protestant Churches Protestant Churches

Church permanently Church permanently fracturedfractured

Catherine of Aragon Catherine of Aragon Henry VIIIHenry VIII Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn

Martin Luther Clement VII Thomas WolseyMartin Luther Clement VII Thomas Wolsey Charles VCharles V

Catherine of Aragon Henry VIII Anne BoleynCatherine of Aragon Henry VIII Anne Boleyn

Martin Luther Clement VII Thomas WolseyMartin Luther Clement VII Thomas Wolsey Charles VCharles V

ConsequencesConsequences

•emerging nation statesemerging nation states– EnglandEngland– new national Churchnew national Church

• fractured Churchfractured Church– moral authority seriously moral authority seriously

questionedquestioned– unity lostunity lost

ConsequencesConsequences

•more competitive more competitive environmentenvironment

•commercial expansioncommercial expansion– MercantilismMercantilism– overseas imperial expansionoverseas imperial expansion