Economics and World History - Myths and Paradoxes - Paul Bairoch
The Balkan Economies...
Transcript of The Balkan Economies...
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Index
abaBulgarian, 55,70,74,188,193
output, 71,192character, 70demand, 72Macedonia, 347prices, 194Salonica, 76Thrace, 349
abadzhijas. See tailoringAbdulhamit, Sultan, 356Abdurahman Pasha, 132Accrington, 350acetone, 221acorns, 92,99,101,103,104,106,119agriculture. See cultivation
extension services, 111, 204,209technique
Bosnia, 206Bulgaria, 58-9,60,180,182,183E.Rumelia, 184Serbia, 92-3,101-2,118-19,
318-19Akarli,E.,7Akbal,R,5,6Albania
and Montenegro, 214communications, 346textile demand, 74
Albaniansin Macedonia, 342,343,345in Montenegro, 31,148,212
Aleko Pasha, 176Aleksand'r woollen mill, 246,250Aleksinac, 126Alexandria, 162AliBegofPirot,262AlibegofTr'n,37-8Ali Pasha Tepeleni, 37,40Alicic,A., 132,138,139Ambelakia,37,41,50
ammonia-soda, 221anarchy
Bosnia, 164Macedonia, 342,343,356
Anastasijevic, Misa, 87,166Anatolia
cotton supply, 354industries, 53woollen demand, 196,242
Anesti, Bogo, 347Anicic, merchant, 104aniline industry, 220animals, draft, 134annexation
Bosnia, 204,227Macedonia, 343Montenegro, 212
arable, wrecked, 182Arnaudov,M.,201Arnautluk, 129Aromunes, 61AsbothJ.de, 138,206Asenovo, Bulgaria, woollens, 83Ashworth,W.,313Association of Serbian Industrialists, 338Astardzhiev, Ivan & Co., 251Au Printemps, 267Austria
Balkan trade, 50trade relations with Serbia, 98,115,211
Austria-Hungaryand Balkan railways, 329finance ministry, 202,225trade
relations with Serbia, 303-5with Balkans, 327with Bosnia, 164,210
Austrian skilled labour, 126,294ayans,36-9,44,50,84
Bosnia, 132-3,138Azbukovac district, Serbia, 113
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396 Index
B'dashtnost company, 251B'lgarija company, 248bacija, 144-5Bairoch, P., 325BaliEffendi,81Balkan wars, 214,343,354Balkapanhan, 75Banac, I., 234Banat, l l lbanditry
Bulgaria, 38,40,178Macedonia, 77Montenegro, 142,148-50,214Ottoman Europe, 37
Banja Lukaironworks, 155metalwares, 154
bank assets, Balkans, 228bankers
Cairo, 162Galata, 162
banksAndrejevic, 333Austrian Landerbank, 333Bosnia, 228Bulgaria, 327Commerciale Italiana, 240Franco-serbe, 333Hungarian Kommercialbank, 333Italo-Serbian, 333Leipziger, 220Montenegro, 240-1Nis savings bank, 272Ottoman of Paris, 333Paribas, 335Raffaisen type, 228Ruse commercial, 247Srpska kreditna, 333Union general, 329Uverena banka, Prague, 334Viennese, 218,225
Bar, 212,240barrel staves, 92,219,226Bazias, 104beglik land, 205Begovic, B., 210,220,235Belgrade
commercial interests, 330cotton mills, 274-7,339food supply, 109High School, 166innkeepers, 345meat packing, 330,337merchants, 124pasaluk, 84sugar mill, 333textile mills, 289,355
weaving workshop, 275woollen mills, 259-60,266,269woollen warehouse, 269
Belica district, Serbia, 93Berend, I.T. and Ranki, Gy., 325Berkovsko, 47,158Berov and Horenik, 251Berov, L., 40,43,64-5,326Bicanic,R., 147Bichkinja, 245,283Bihac
coalmines, 155metalwares, 154
Bitola. See Monastirblankets
Bosnian, 127,153,231(iuprija, 167military, 266Topcider, 126
Bosnjastvo, 234,237Boas and Eser, 274,276,293Bobchev, Hristo, 246Bojadzhiev, Stevan, 263Bonchev, Tihol & Co., 247Bor copper mine, 337Bore, E., 6,9-10Bosanska krajina
province, 140uprisings, 207
Boue,A.,28,148,155Brcko, 140Braila, 188Brakalov firm, 47brandy, 60Brasov, 72brewing
Montenegro, 241Serbia, 327
Britishfitters, 291managers, 293,350
Brno, 258,292Brusa, 56,73Busa cattle, 215Budapest, 117buffaloes, 61builders, 68,122,148Bulajic,2.,215Bulgarian
atrocities, 173skilled labour in Serbia, 288
Burgas region, 47,61,181Burian, Istvan, 225-7
calicos, 69candlemaking, 190capitalism, development of, Bulgaria, 326-7
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Index 397
Caprivi, 305caravans, 75carbide, 221,227carding machines, 80,83,262,280,
348carpenters, 78,148carpets
Bulgaria, 188,200Chiprovtsi, 192,195,293Knjazevac, 166Kotel,284Pirot, 83,261-2Salonica, 55Smyrna, 55Zenica, 153
carts, peasant, construction, 178cattle
breeds, 184export
Bosnia, 142,211Bulgaria, 188Serbia, 94,106
numbers, 318cereals. See grainCetinje, 25,240Chakalov,A.,342charcoal
burning, 101smelting, 154,220
charks, 72,263,348Chaumette des Fosses, 7,28chemicals, Bosnia, 218,220-1,228Chepelare, 182chifliks
Bosnia, 133-7,206-7Bulgaria, 37-8,42-3,46,158,175,
180-1,225-6,311Macedonia, 36-7,42,342-3Ottoman, 35-7,40Serbia, 87Thrace, 36
Chiprovtsi, 261-2,293carpets, 192,195privileges, 38
chorbadzhijas, 61,67,182chrysanthemum, 217cifcijas, 342cifliks. See chiflikscitluk sahibijas. See landlords, Bosniacitluks. See chiflikscizye. See taxation, OttomanClark, G., 112clearings, Serbia, 109cloth, military
Bosnia, 153-4Bulgaria, 250-1,254Montenegro, 241
Ottoman, 54,78-82,256,282,347-8Serbia, 127,259,266-7,274-6
clothing. See tailoringdemand
Anatolia, 196Constantinople, 74-75
industry, Bosnia, 229Montenegro, 146ready-made, 230,244,255
coal. See miningcobblers, 126coffee, import to Bosnia, 140colonial goods, 140,188colonization
Italian in Montenegro, 240upward, 144
companiesfree-standing, 336promotion, Uzice, 273
comparative advantage, 165,188,352concessions
Bosnia, 218,225matches, 226mining, 155textiles, 231timber, 156,219,227
Bulgarialaws, 335railways, 335sugar, 320textiles, 272,339
Ottoman railways, 329Serbia
cottons, 271,274-7laws, 332-3meat packing, 337-9railways, 330sugar, 320woollens, 127,259-60,263,288
Constantinoplearsenal, 78Bulgarian schools, 161
carpets, 192clothing, 74-5foodstuffs, 39oxen, 61sheep, 61,67,94,182woollens, 257
industry, 75market gardens, 60rentiers, 177,354tailors, 74
Constitutional Defenders, 88corruption, 336
Bulgaria, 339Ottoman Bosnia, 155Serbia, 276,334
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398 Index
corvee, 87,89cottage industries
Bosnia, 153,231-2Bulgaria, 200,242^1
cottons, 200woollens, 69,188-90,192-6,
198-200,282E. Rumelia, woollens, 193Macedonia, 76-7,354
cottons, 77,352woollens, 346-8,353
Montenegro, 148Nispasaluk, 260-1
woollens, 84Ottoman Bulgaria, 34,37,52,66-9,73,
84,159-60cottons, 69,73woollens, 56,69-73,78-9,82. See
tailoringOttoman cotton spinning, 53Ottoman Europe, 50-1Rhodope, woollens, 348-9,353Serbia, 91
cottons, 127,273,275rope making, 287-8woollens, 258,261-3
Thessaly, cotton dyeing, 37, 50cotton
dyeing, 50export, 36growing
Bosnia, 136Macedonia, 343,354
import, 271prices, 354printing, 69,73,188wadding, 53,352,354
cotton cloth factoriesBulgaria, 272-3Macedonia, 352Serbia, 270-1,273-7
cotton millsBulgaria, 271,339Greece, 352,356Macedonia, 55,77,349-51,354,356Serbia, 272
cottonsimport
Balkans, 270Bosnia, 140Ottoman, 69
output, Macedonia, 351,354crafts. See urban crafts and craftsmenCrafts, N.F.R., 233credit, Serbia, 124Croatia-Slavonia, 226
Crompton and Zivkovic. See Crompton, A.and A.
Crompton, A. and A., 272,274-7,293,339
crop yieldsBosnia, 210Bulgaria, 183,186
wheat, 64, 319Macedonia, 343Montenegro, 215Ottoman Bulgaria
wheat, 59,64Serbia, 93,107
wheat, 59,318cultivation
areaBosnia, 210Bulgaria, 317Macedonia, 344Montenegro, 214Serbia, 91-2,96,301,317Vidin region, 38
Eastern Rumelia, 184expansion, Bulgaria, 182mechanized
Bulgaria, 180Macedonia, 343Ottoman Bulgaria, 59
Montenegro, 147Nispasaluk, 354Ottoman Bulgaria, 65per household
Montenegro, 142Serbia, 301
Cuprija, 167coal mine, 330sugar mill, 321,334weaving, 167,275
CvijicJ., 112Czech
labour, 288,293specialists, 291,294textiles, 196,230
dacija, 15. See taxation, Montenegrodairy products, 61-2,67,70,144-5dairying. See bacijadairymen, 346Dalmatia
food demand, 140livestock demand, 210
Danilo I, ruler of Montenegro, 142Danilovgrad woollen mill, 241Danube vilayet, reforms, 45de Serre, Auguste, 335Debar Albanians, 345
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Index 399
debasement, 39debt
agrarianBulgaria, 176,180-1Serbia, 88,114-15,118-19,121,309
default, 334-5peonage, 44,158
deforestationBosnia, 210,227Bulgaria, 68,182-3Montenegro, 215Serbia, 92,127,306
de-industrialization, 171,199dependency theory, 1, 52depopulation, 4,29,38Dermendere estate, 80Despinic firm, 90,104de-urbanization
Bosnia, 31Bulgaria, 198Montenegro, 29,212Serbia, 28-9
Devna cotton weavery, 272diet
Montenegro, 145Serbia, 108
Dimitrov, S., 42,65Diovo, 347
woollen mill, 355distaff, 72dividends, 271,274Divljanovic, D., 98Djordjevic, D., 166Djordjevic, Tihomir, 29Djordjevic, Trajko, 263Dobrljin,219Dobrudzha
division, 173flocks, 61,182
draft animals, 307,318-19Draganova, S., 64^5,158drapers, 197,256dressmaking, 255Drobnjakovic, B., 99drought
and soil erosion, 215and transhumance, 143in Montenegro, 146
Drvar,219Ducic,N.,146duallism, 237Dubravica, 104,330Dubrovnik, 149-50Durham, M.E., 214dyers, 292dyeworks,159,348,350
Eastern Rumelia, administration, 174Edhessa
cottons, 76,349ropeworks, 352silk, 77
Edip Aga, dyan of Kjustendil, 37Edirne
grazing, 60,66migration to, 161silk-raising, 185vilayet, 353wool price, 349
educationBosnia, 139,165,235-6Bulgaria, 160-2,199,315Macedonia, 168Montenegro, 316Serbia, 166,168,314-5
eggs, export, 62Egyptian market, 75,154Eisler and Ortlieb, 220Ekaterinoslav, 79electricity, power stations, 228electro-chemicals, 221Elena, 159,371employment. See labourenclosures, Serbia, 100-3,108-9engineers
Belgian, 291British, 293self-taught, 292
enterprise, immigrant, in Serbia,327
Erzerum, 79ethnography, 112,129,312,345exchange rates, 187-8explosives industry, 220exports
Bosnia, 139-40,227,233British, 41,196Bulgaria, 188Eastern Rumelia, 185Ottoman, 41-2,63Serbia, 116
licences, 88through Silistra, 188
expropriation of the peasantry, Bulgaria,180
factor endowments, Bulgaria and Serbia,329-31
factory legislation, Bulgaria, 290fairs
Balkan, 68,75Bulgaria, 73,190Serbia, 124,310
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400 Index
fallowsBulgaria, 58-9,61,183,318Serbia, 93,101
famineMontenegro, 146,150Serbia, 24
farmequipment, 319income, Bosnia, 209monetization, Serbia, 308-9output
Balkan states, 366Bosnia, 140,208-10,234Bulgaria, 58,186-7,340Montenegro, 216,242Ottoman Bulgaria, 61-5Serbia, 92,123,302-3,340
technology, 313-14Ferdinand I woollen mill, 246finance, industrial, 246,334First Royal Servian Privileged Weaving Co.
Ltd., 275fishing, lake Skadar, 143flax, 270Foca, 153-4Fojnica, ironworking, 154-5food-processing, Bosnia, 229forestry
Bosnia, 154conservation, 227,235laws, 209-10
Serbia, 101forests
Bosniaoak, 219state, 207,221
Bulgaria, 317state, 183
Serbia, 98-100area, 306-7oak, 22,101,165private, 102,119state, 89,100,102,306
freightcosts, 40,55policies, 330tariffs, 186,330volume, 228,327
fruit growing. See plumsfulling mills, 72,291
Gabrovocottage industry, 197crafts, 55education, 162gajtan, 73,82-3
ironwork, 50,190labour, 283reapers, 177skilled textile labour, 292wages, 194,286woollen mills, 245-7,281-2,291-2woollens, 56,76,195,289
gajtandisplaces cottons, 69,73export
Bulgaria, 188,196Serbia, 259,269
Gabrovo, 245-6Leskovac, 260-1,263-5,288linen, 68Macedonia, 347-8Ottoman Bulgaria, 70,73,82output
E.Rumelia, 192-3Ottoman Bulgaria, 71
Paracin, 264technology, 55,281-82Trjavna, 67-8
Galatz, 188Gandev,H., 160Georgiev, Evlogi, 251German foremen, 293Germany
demand, 343trade policy, 304
Gerschenkron, A., 221,232,238,325,335,340
Gewerkschaft Bosnia, 218Giannitsa, 352Gipsies, 16,148Gjumjushgerdan firm, 78,80-2glassworks, 333Gnjilane, 289goats
holdings, 143milking, 144numbers, 181raising, 92
goldinflow, Bulgaria, 190reserves, Bulgaria, 176
Gonsalves, P., 209-10,236Good, D., 234Gornji Milanovac, 124GornjiVakuf, 154gospodarl% 43,46government. See public sector, public
finance, Ottomanand infrastructure investment, 331Bosnia
assistance to industry, 225,231
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Index 401
finance, 225revenue demands, 164
Bulgariaassistance to industry, 185,254employment, 199finance for peasants, 176
Montenegro, emigration policy, 152Ottoman
and industry, 78assistance to industry, 79assistance to peasants, 52contracts, 54,79intervention, 34,77orders, 55,77-9
Serbiaand food supply, 24assistance to industry, 126-7,273peasant policy, 309-11
Gradascevic, Husein Kapetan, 132Gradets woollen trade, 200Grahovo, battle, 142,149grain
consumption, Serbia, 96export
Bosnia, 140Ottoman Bulgaria, 62,188Ottoman Europe, 36,39,41Serbia, 94,300-1,318
importMontenegro, 146Serbia, 109
marketOttoman, 39Serbia, 109-11,117,128,300
granaries, communal, 24,88Graz, 154grazing. See pasture
rights, 142struggles, 345
Grdelica woollen mill, 264-5growth
economic, 324-7,342industrial, 327
Grozev, Ivan, 83,292guilds. See urban crafts and craftsmen
Ottoman, 51,54Serbia, 125
Gulhane, rescript of, 44,133Guran,T.,46,59Gyor, 104-5
Hadzi Mustafa Pasha, 84,86,151Hadzhi Nencho, 162Hadzhi-Berov and Momerin weavery,
247hak,206
Hambarya, 74,79Hattersley, George and sons, 275Hatt-i-Humayun, 135Hauptmann, K, 218hay and transhumance, 143-4hemp processing, 270,287Hercegovina, demonstrations, 135Heuschling,X.,6,9holdings
Ottoman Bulgaria, 44,52,69Serbia, 23size
Bosnia, 206Montenegro, 142Ottoman Bulgaria, 42, 58Serbia, 108-9,302
homestead laws, 88-9,309Homolje district, Serbia, 122honey, 61,94horses
pack, 66,345wild, 22
horseshoes, 154hosiery
Bulgaria, 67,75,188Macedonia, 77,349,352Serbia, 264,290
housing, Montenegro, 146Houyet et Feston, Venders, 282Hr'stovich, 176Hrelja,K.,219,234Hristov,H.,43,158Hungary
commercial policy towards Bosnia,226-8
grain market, 116landowner interest, 304
hydroelectricity, 228
Ignjic,S., 114,127ikon painting, 68Ilic Mumdzija, Kosta, 264Ilic, Kosta and sons, 260,271,274,276,
294Iliev, Manuilo, 264iltizam, 46import
pricesBulgaria, 188Serbia, 120
tradeMontenegro, 147,239Ottoman, 42Serbia, 120-2
income. See national incomedistribution, Serbia, 112-14,120
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402 Index
industrial outputBosnia, 221-6,237Bulgaria and Serbia, 222,325
industrial revolution, Bulgaria, 327inflation
Bulgaria, 187,193,324-5Macedonia, 353
investment, foreign directBosnia, 228British, 271,336Czech. See Paracin woollen millGerman, 337
chemicals, 220cottons, 274
in Balkans, 332in Bosnia, 155in Bulgaria, 327in Serbia, 333Swiss, pulp mill, 220
invisible earnings, 239iron
exportBosnia, 140,154Bulgaria, 188
price, 154rolling, Zenica, 218smelting
Bosnia, 155,223,226Samokov, 157
workingBosnia, 154Bulgaria, 50,68,190
ishljem, 246-7,250Issawi, C , 53Istanbul. See ConstantinopleItaly and Montenegro, 240Ivanjica, 120
Jacic, priest, 337Jackson, M. R., 325Jagodina
crafts, 166meat packing, 338
Jajce, electrochemicals, 221Jaksic, Vladimir, 7,91-7,112,139Jambol cotton weavery, 272,339Janissaries, 35-6,39, 51
and Serbia, 84,86Bosnia, 132suppression of, 40,132
Jankovic, Dusan, merchant, 338Jankovic, Mihailo, 264,281Jasenica district, Serbia, 99Jecmenica, M., 355Jelaludin Pasha, 132Jeltets nr. Trjavna, 68
Jevtic, Mika, 338jewellery, 189Jews
Bulgaria, 200Salonica, 54-5,350
joinery, 220Jovanovic, Gligorije, 263Jovanovic, Josip, 264-5Jovanovic, Vladimir, 96jute mill, Salonica, 352
k'rdzhalyas, 36-8,40, 50, 55, 67,344Kacika, Kosta, 272Kalchev's weavery, Plovdiv, 272Kallay, Benjamin, 225-6,234Kalofer,159
commerce, 50gajtan factory, 280privileges, 37tailoring, 74,76woollens, 72,195-6
Kalpazanov, Ivan, 83,245-6,280-1,283,291-2
Kanitz,F.,81,167kapetans, 132-3Kara Mahmud Pasha, 132Karaburma, 260Karadjordje, 86Karadjordjevic, Aleksandar, Prince of
Serbia, 88,100Karafeiz of Tr'n, 37Karlovo, 73
cotton weaving, 69gajtan, 244Grozev's mill, 292skilled textile labour, 292tanning, 190woollen mill, 83,251woollens, 72
Karpat,K., 4^-7,11,13karst, 144-6Kaser,K., 129Kat'r chair, 179katuns, 144-5,215Katunska nahija, Montenegro, 144—5Kavalla, 343Kazanl'k
gajtan, 82land price, 45re-agrarianization, 199rose oil, 58woollen mill, 196,250,252
Keppel,G., 157Kinglake,A.,22Kjustendil,251Kleefisch and Scheuss, Jagodina, 338
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Index 403
Klisurade-industrialization, 199tailoring, 75woollens, 75
kmets, 133-4 See land tenure, Bosnianumbers, 136tax burden, 138
knitting, 76knives, 154,166Knjazevac
carpets, 166shajak, 258
Kolasin,212sawmill, 241
Kolarac, Ilija M., 166Kolberg and Weber, 337Koprivshtitsa, 66-7,159,161-2
land endowment, 69migration, 200privileges, 37sheep raising, 67tailoring, 74-6tithe farmers, 161woollens, 67,193
Kosovo vilayet,343Kostic,C, 313-4Kotel
carpets, 200,262de-industrialization, 199flocks, 61,182land endowment, 69privileges, 37prosperity, 159tailoring, 74-5woollens, 70,73,284
Kotor, 143,145Kovin,90,104Kozari woollen mills, 264Kragujevac arsenal, 89,102,330Kraljevo agricultural school, 315Kreka,218,220Krsmanovic-Paranos firm, 117Krusevac
crafts, 126district, 151
Krusevo, woollens, 77,353Kuci, Montenegro, 149
labour. See outworkbuilding, 345-6,349cheap, 32,288-9clerical, 294convict, 126disputes
Bosnia, 207Bulgaria, 181,195,285,290,339
Macedonia, 353-4Serbia, 276,289
factory, 80-1convict, 81forced, 81orphan, 81Ottoman, 80skilled, 126,281,286-7,289,
293-4female
Bulgaria, 68,70,75,160,195,200,278,282,284,290
gipsies, 81,284Macedonia, 77,342,347-8Montenegro, 147,151Muslim, 81,185,195Serbia, 113-14,263,273,293widows, 284
forceBosnia, 219Samokov, 287Sliven, 284woollens, 193,198,200
from Dalmatia, 136hired, 43,206militance, 289,294,339,354productivity, 194
weaving, 287seasonal, 50,151services
Bosnia, 133-5,137-8Bulgaria, 44-5Macedonia, 342Montenegro, 212Ottoman Europe, 35-6,40
shortage, Macedonia, 343strike-breaking, 285,288supply
cities, 289-90key workers, 291-4Varna, 290-1
urban, 199lace-making, 190Lampe, J. R. and Jackson, M. R., 45Lampe, J. R., 294,325-26,333,370land
endowment, 49,58,165fragmentation, 102,180grants
Montenegro, 238Serbia, 22
hungerBulgaria, 182Montenegro, 214
leasers, Bulgaria, 59market
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404 Index
land {COM.)Bulgaria,45,175,181E.Rumelia, 175Macedonia, 343,354
prices, 175,180seizures, 175state, settlement of, 45,175tenure
Bosnia, 133-9,204-8E.Rumelia, 176Macedonia, 342-3Ottoman Bulgaria, 42-8,159,175Ottoman Europe, 34-5,40Ottoman Montenegro, 212Serbia, 86-8,101
value, Ottoman Europe, 42Landesregierung, 205,209,217-19,223,
225,231,234,332landlords
Bosnia, 133-8,152,205-8Bulgaria, 177Macedonia, 342-3Ottoman Bulgaria, 45,47Ottoman Europe, 42
laurel leaves, 217laws
Bosnia, 135,137,205Montenegro, 149Ottoman, inheritance, 45Serbia, inheritance, 313-14
laziness, 111-13,147,164,178,312leather, Morocco, 50leeches, 92,94leisure, 178,312Lemoine firm, Venders, 282Leskovac
cottage industries, 287cotton weavery, 274gajtan, 264,271,281,288industrialists, 261labour force, 288rope-making, 260textiles, 32wages, 286,288weaving workshop, 275woollen mills, 264,281,294woollens, export, 269
liege, 282linen
Veles, 348Veroia, 76yarn, 270
literacyBosnia, 235Bulgaria, 162,200,236,316Serbia, 167,168,236,314
Litochoron, woollens, 76livadia, 76,352,356livestock
exportBosnia, 140Ottoman Bulgaria, 61Serbia, 84,94,106-8,120
fattening, 125health
Bosnia, 211Bulgaria, 182C. Europe, 304Serbia, 98
marketing, 110,113-14numbers, 97,209output
Bosnia, 139,210Montenegro, 143,215-16
prices, 187raising, 23
Bulgaria, 181-4Ottoman Bulgaria, 37, 59,61Serbia, 97,102
sales, 22Ljaskovets, 60looms
fly-shuttle, 80,249,280,291hand, 126,167Northrop, 277peasant, 70,275power, 270
Karlovo,251Kazanl'k, 250Nis, 274Paracin, 259Salonica, 348Samokov, 287Sliven,249Uzice, 274
power vs fly-shuttle, 286-7treadle, 275
Lovech, 185Lukavac,221Lukovit pastures, 61
Macva district, Serbia, 99machinery
Belgian, 79,281-2British, 281Czech, 81German, 245,281second-hand, 350
Mackenzie, G. G. M. and Irby, A., 168Magarevo
cottage industries, 347woollen mill, 355
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Index 405
Mahmud II, Sultan, 39maize
cultivationMacedonia, 354Serbia, 92-3,101,103
fodder demand, 104,114,119rotation, 59
Majadag, 347Majdanpek, 102Majdans, 154-5Malcolm, N., 130Malisori tribe, Albania, 214manufacturing. See cottage industries,
urban crafts and craftsmenmanure, 61,118,183market gardening, 60,316,343Markovic, Svetozar, 122Marseille, 70Marshall, Alfred, promoter, 337matches, 221,226Matuz,J., 52McGowan, B., 4^5,7,11,16meadows
Bulgaria, 59Montenegro, 142,215Serbia, 93,97,101,318
meatexport, Montenegro, 143packing, Serbia, 327,337-9
Meininger, T., 162Mendels,F.,83Menshevics, 284merchants
Balkan, 50Bulgarian in Egypt, 162consortia, 197foreign in Ottoman Empire, 51from Hungary, 123Galatz, 188Macedonia, 346putters-out, 70,194,201,347Sarajevo, 164Serbia, 118,124
metal chasing, 232methyl alcohol, 220Michel, Eugen, 259-60,266,269Michelsen, E., 6,10Midhat Pasha, 45migrant labour
Bulgaria, 49,161,200,284harvest, 38,49market gardening, 60to Bessarabia, 177to Romania, 45,177
Hercegovina, 148Macedonia, 77,345-6
harvest, 49,342to Bulgaria, 177
Montenegro, 238market gardening, 151to Constantinople, 152,238
Serbia, 290to Serbia, 122
migrationAustria to Bosnia, 206Bosnia to Serbia, 207Bulgaria
rural-urban, 161to Egypt, 162to Romania, 52,60
Circassians, 9Dinaric to Serbia, 86from Macedonia, 353from Montenegro, 150-2from Ottoman Serbia, 16from Serbia, 294Hungary to Bulgaria, 175,312internal, 38
Bulgaria, 68,199Serbia, 32
Macedoniarural-urban, 345to Bulgaria, 175,345
Montenegroto Bulgaria, 238to Hercegovina, 144to Serbia, 151-2,238to USA, 238-9
MuslimsBosnia to Macedonia, 346from Bosnia, 31,130from Bulgaria, 182,185,189,190,
192,195from Nis pasaluk to Macedonia,
346from Serbia, 31to Monastir, 345to Salonica, 345
Serbia to Bosnia, 130Tatars, 9,185Thrace to Bulgaria, 175to Montenegro, 148to Serbia, 9,16,22,88
Milic,D.,87Milicevic, M. Dj., 110,119-20milk output
Montenegro, 143Serbia, 61
millingBosnia, 226Bulgaria, 181Serbia, 327
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406 Index
Milosevic, S.Dj., 98mining
Bosnia, 218coal, 218,227iron, 155,218,223,226salt, 155
Bulgaria, coal, 327,335Serbia
coal, 327copper, 337dredging, 336
mirieh, 44,209Mirkovici, 146Mishajkov, D., 285Mokans, 61Momchilovtsi, 196Monastir
gajtan, 348tailors, 259woollens, 77,354-5
monopolies, Serbia, 331,333Montenegrin culture, 147Montenegro
diplomacy, 133expansion, 214territory, 212
More,RJ.,32,48Morpurgo and Parente firm, 219Mostar,218muhadzirs. See migration, Muslims
Munch, S., industrialist. See Paracin,woollen mill
munitions, 327Muslims
Bosnia, 129-32,135,141,164culture, 229education, 165
Bulgaria, 158displacement, 185harassment of, 184land abandonment, 182land rights, 158-9,174-5,177,185land sales, 180urban, 184,189,198
Montenegro, 29,148expropriation, 212harassment of, 29
Uzice, 29Mustafa Pasha Bairaktar, 39
Nachov,N.,75Naousa, textile mills, 77,348-9Napred'k company, 248-9,292National Cotton Spinning Company of
Bulgaria Ltd, 271
national incomeBosnia, 233-4Bulgaria, 323-5Montenegro, 242Serbia, 322-3,325
nationalization, 218Nis, 32
cotton mill, 272cotton weavery, 274enterprise culture, 261gajtan warehouse, 347meat packing, 337pasaluk, 125,173prices, 187savings bank, 272wages, 192
Niksic,212breweries, 241sawmill, 241
Nikola, Prince, later, King, of Montenegro,142,148,212,214,238,240
Nikolic, Atanasije, 126Nizam, 39,74Novi Sad, 166-7
Obradovic, Aleksa, 274Obrenovic dynasty, 96Obrenovic, Mihailo, Prince of Serbia, 89,
167Obrenovic, Milos, Prince of Serbia, 16,24,
86-9,121,151,167Odessa, 50,184officials. See corruption
Bosnia, 31Bulgaria, 198-9Ottoman, 78Serbia, 315,329
oil refining, 221olive oil, 241,352olives, 217Omer Pasha Latas, 133,135,138-9,142,
155,163opium, 343,355orphans estates, Serbia, 95Ottoman
city industries, 53debasement, 54de-industrialization, 52-4government, 34-6,39,164institutions, 342,356market, 196,257pensions, 40property rights, 40reforms, 39-40,78,163
in Bosnia, 131,133-5,138-9in Bulgaria, 44-5
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Index 407
in Macedonia, 349revenue, 39
Bulgaria, 47,177Danube vilayet, 47Plovdiv sanjak, 47
road building, 346,356statistics, 209trade
deficit, 41policy, 39with Britain, 41
outworkGabrovo, 283spinning, 263weaving, 77,200
Bulgaria, 280Serbia, 275
overwintering, 60,150-1,182,215oxen, export, 62
Pcinja, landownership, 45Pamuk,S.,41,52Panagjurishte, 162,173,201
carpets, 200,262privileges, 37sheep trade, 182tailoring, 73woollen mill, 83woollens, 70,75
Papazoglu, D. and B., 250paper mill, Bosnia, 226Paracin
glassworks, 333wool market, 259woollen mill, 127,245,258-60,264,
266-9,281,293-4Paris fashions, 255,267pastoral society, 149,312pasture
area, Ottoman Bulgaria, 59communal, 59,143,182-3open
Bosnia, 206Serbia, 91,92
stateE.Rumelia, 179Montenegro, 143Ottoman, 61
Pasvanoglu, 37,40,84patriarchal society, 112,164,232pecalbars, 77,345. See migrant labourpeasants
affluence, 178and markets, 116,119and taxation, 46as self-exploiters, 312
Catholic, 129collectives, 343culture, 313demand, 189enserfinent, 40free, Bosnia, 134government policy, Serbia, 309-11Orthodox, 129poverty, 312resettlement, 45Serbia, tutelage, 89,309-11textile demand, 73welfare, 95,157women, 122
pebrine, 185pedlars, 310Pejovic,Dj., 152Petrovic, Gligorije, 264phylloxera, 186pigs
export, 94Bosnia, 140-1,210-11,305Hungarian restrictions, 304,337Serbia, 103-7,303-6
fattening, 92,306-7merchants, 123numbers
Bosnia, 141,211Serbia, 303,307
output, Serbia, 307raising, Serbia, 92,98-101,103,127,
303,305-7Piraeus, 352Pirdop
carpets, 200gajtan.%2,160landownership, 199towels, 56,69,73wages, 194woollens, 195
Pirotcarpets, 260. See carpets, Pirotfairs, 261region, 312state carpet factory, 262woollen mill, 83woollens, 261-3,278
pitch, 101Pjesivci district, Montenegro, 144plague, Salonica, 55Pleven, pastures, 61ploughs, 118,319Plovdiv, 272
building boom, 178cotton weavery, 272district, 42,46, 58-9
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408 Index
Plovdiv (cont.)migration to, 161province, 179,185sanjak,48,61,70,173,181woollen mill, 80-1woollens, 55,71,73,78,190,192
plumsdistilling, 111,118,315drying, 117export, 117,140,300growing, 92,119jam export, 117
Pozarevacrailway project, 330region, Serbia, 122
Podgorica, 29,212Popov, K., 63-5,278,287,324-5Popovic, Antonije, 263,265Popovic, Stefan, industrialist, 126Popovic, Stojan, 273population
Aegean islands, 5Balkans, 20-1Bar, 29,31Belgrade, 28Belgrade pasaluk, 16Bosnia, 7,12,19,28,130,139Bulgaria, 20Cetinje,31Constantinople, 9Danube vilayet, 7,12Dobrudzha, 5Eastern Rumelia, 20,49Edirne vilayet, 9,12gipsies, 12Greece, 12,17-18Ionia, 18Kalofer,198,200Klisura, 200Koprivshtitsa, 67,200Kosovo vilayet, 14Lovech, 198Montenegro, 14-16,20,31Nis, Muslims, 31NovaZagora, 198Ottoman Europe, 6,12-13,20Panagjurishte, 199Pleven, 198Plovdiv, 32,198Podgorica, 31Prilep, 346Rumeli, 5-6Salonica, 28Salonica vilayet, 13Sarajevo, 31Serbia, 16-17,20
Silistra elayet, 5Skopje, 28Sofia, 32StaraZagora, 198Svishtov, 198Thessaly, 17Turks in Serbia, 16Uzice, 29urban, 198. See de-urbanizationBalkans, 32-3Bosnia-Hercegovina, 26Bulgaria, 26,32-3,198Eastern Rumelia, 25-6,32Greece, 25-6Macedonia, 25,345Montenegro, 25-6,239Nispasaluk,25Ottoman Europe, 27,28Salonica vilayet, 26Serbia, 26,31,91,125Valjevo, 29
population densityBalkans, 21-3,37Bosnia, 136Bulgaria, 60Serbia, 22-4,94
population growthBalkans, 21-4Bosnia, 7Bulgaria, 7Montenegro, 144Ottoman Europe, 7,12,14Serbia, 16,24,33,94,96,306
population parametersinfant mortality
Bosnia, 236Montenegro, 146
life expectation, Serbia, 94sex-ratios, 5,10,11
Posavina region, Bosnia, 134,136,140,206postal statistics, 233potatoes, 145poultry, 143poverty, Montenegro, 145-6Pranchov Bros., 162Preshlenova, R. 325,327priests, 336Prijedor, orefield, 155,223,226,228Prilep
fair, 69,77migrant workers, 346
Prince Boris coal mine, 335Prince Boris cotton mill, 271Prizren,214profits
agricultural, Macedonia, 343
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Index 409
expatriated, 48proto-industrial
community, 160transition, 197,283,295,352
proto-industrialization, 23,49-50,67,83,126,171,231,279. See de-industrialization
proto-industries. See cottage industriesProzor, 153public
financeBulgaria, 176Montenegro, 240Serbia, 333-4
health, Bosnia, 236sector
Bosnia, 218Bulgaria, 327,331Ottoman, 81Serbia, 327,331
worksBosnia, 227Montenegro, 241Serbia, 333
pyrethrum, 143
Quataert,D.,52,163,353quilt making, 68,125
Raca district, Serbia, 120railways
Austrian Sudbahn, 139Balkan branch networks, 329-33Banja luka-Novi, 139Bar-Virpazar, 240Bosnia, 217-18,220,225,227-8,233,
328Budapest-Constantinople, 304Bulgaria, 186,233,327,329-31Bulgarian State, 329Dalmatia, 227Danube-Adriatic, 240,331Hungarian Staatsbahn, 104investment in, 327Jambol-Burgas, 330Macedonia, 348nationalization, 329Ottoman, 329Ruse-Varna, 329Serbia, 90,233,300-1,327,329-31Serbian State, 335Sofia-Tatar Pazardzhik, 329strategic, 331Trans-Balkan, 32,331Trjavna mining, 335Velika Plana-Smederevo, 330
Ram, 104Ravenstein, E. G., 11reaping machines, 180reaya, 78,132remittances, 200,239,284renaissance
Bosnia, 164Bulgaria, 50,53,158,160,162-3,315Serbia, 119,165-6
rentiers, 198resin, 101Rhodope
flocks, 182-3woollens, 70,76,78-80
riceE. Rumelia, 58,185import, Bosnia, 140Macedonia, 343,355
Rijecka mz/w/a, 148Rijeka,142,218Rijeka Crnojevica, batde, 142Ristic, Mita, 274roads
Bosnia, 138Bulgaria, 55,68,178,312,329Macedonia, 346Montenegro, 241Serbia, 23,89-90,116
Romanialatifundia, 87livestock trade, 304
rope-making, 287ropeworks, Edhessa, 352rose oil, 50,58,186,199Rozova dolina woollen mill, 250Rwnanki, 111Ruse, 158,271Russia, 195
and Serbian uprising, 86industrialization, 232-3
S. A. Vervietoise pour la construction desmachines, 282
Sabac, 110saddlers, 126Safer law. See laws, BosniaSt Claire, S. G. B. and Brophy, C. A., 48,
58-9sajak (Serbia). SeeshajakSalaheddin Bey, 10Salonica
banking, 347carpets, 55cotton mills, 77,349-50cottons, 55,76
output, 351
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410 Index
Salonica (com.)industry, 352jute mill, 352labour disputes, 353textile region, 347trade, 355wadding mill, 354wages, 350woollen mill, 348woollens, 53-5,76,78
saltextraction, Bosnia, 221,223,227trade, 87,147,166,345
SamokovCompany, 251crafts, 190gajtan, 347iron industry, 157labour force, 287tailors, 74woollen mill, 251woollens, 55,70,82,159,196,244,287
sandal-makers, 126Sar'ivanov factory, Sliven, 285Sarajevo
assassination, 236-7assembly, 207,227match factory, 221,226merchants, 164riots, 237tobacco factory, 218woollen mill, 153,231woollen warehouse, 259
Sarajevski Cvjetnik, newspaper, 164scarves, 274Schmidt, A., E. Rumelia Director of
Finances, 248schools
agricultural, 326-7textiles, 273,292-3
seamstresses, 290self-government, upland Bulgaria, 60Selimin,Sultan,39,84Seres
cotton, 37,349textile mill, 348
Serif, H., 141servants, 283sesame, 343shajak
British, 196Bulgaria, 246
export, 188,257output, 71,192
character, 70demand, 72Klisura, 75
Macedonia, 347Pirot, 263Plovdiv, 73prices, 194Serbia, 267
export, 269Thrace, output, 349
sharecroppingBosnia, 133-35,137,205-6Macedonia, 342Montenegro, 212
Shaw, S., 13shawls, 274sheep. See transhumance
breeds, 184export, 61
Bulgaria, 182,188Serbia, 94
Karnobat, 184Koprivshtitsa, 66milking, 144Montenegro, 143numbers
Bulgaria, 181E. Rumelia, 181Macedonia, 355Serbia, 106,278
raising, 61,70,106,182,184,278,344-5traders, 162
sheepskins, 62shepherds, 67,182shirt making, Veroia, 76Shkoder,214
textiles, 53shoddy, 196shopkeeping, Montenegro, 148shops
Pirdop, 199urban, 121,125village, 110,117,121-2,128,178,
310-11Shumen region, 158Silistra
exports, 188kaza, 64region, 65,158
silkexport, 41raising, 118,185reeling, 55-6,67-8,77,159weaving, 190
Simone, Camille, 252Skadar lake, 143Skopje
gajtan, 348province, 343,355woollen warehouse, 259
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Index 411
Slade, Harry, 329slippers, 67Sliven
labour, 81,284,292outwork weaving, 249,256privileges, 37property, 199sanjak,70,173,181state factory, 79-80,247,252,282,285,
292,348. See Napred'k company,B'lgarija company
tailors, 248textile school, 249wages, 286woollen mills, 247-50,252,280,284,
291-3,349technology, 249
woollens, 70-1,78,83,192,196-7,230,256
export, 256-8Slivnitsa, batde, 174sljivovic, 145Slovenia, farming, 313-14Smederevo, pig trade, 104-6smuggling, 244Smyrna, 196soap-works, 221,352Societe d'exploitations minieres du Serbie,
336soda, 221Sofia
candle-making, 190pastures, 61sacked, 38weaving, 81,83woollen mill, 251,255,289
soil erosion, 183Solvay group, 320Sopot
cottage industries, 52cotton printing, 69,73gajtan, 244labour unrest, 195
Sotirja, 284sowing density, Bulgaria, 64spahijas. See spahiluksspahiluks, 34-7,39
Bosnia, 132-3,135-6Bulgaria, 37,40,43-4Serbia, 87suppression of, 40
Spencer, E., 163,167spicers, 124spindles
mule, 80,272number, Macedonia, 351ring, 272
spirits, 145Sredna Gora, 70,73,162,195
towns, 66Sremska Mitrovica, 104-5Stajnov brothers, 250Stanchev, Bjanov firm, 73,82Staneff,S.,81,285Stara Planina, 56
towns, 66-7Stara Zagora
district, 190province, 175-6,183-4,187-8wages, 177,192
Stavrianos, L. S., 4,41Steinbeis, Otto, firm, 219-20Steinbruck, livestock market, 104-5,305Sternberg, F. and Co., 274Stoianovich, T., 4strikes. See labour disputesStrojkovac woollen mill, 263,288subase, 342subsistence
animal products, 188economy, 202farming, 2,22,34,37,165,184,308,
311industry, 53,349-50reversion to, 188,198,201sector, 171textiles, 277-9wool, 184
sugar, 120beet
Balkan States, 332-3Bosnia, 320output, 321
import, 140mills
Belgrade, 320,333Bosnia, 226Cuprija,321,334Sofia, 320
Sugar, P., 160,225,231,234sukno, 263,267sumach, 92,143,217Sumadija, 101Sundhaussen, H., 314suvats3143-4Swiss skilled labour, 294Syria, 347Syros,352Szeged, 276
T'rnovo region, Bulgaria, 60,316Tahir Pasha, 133-6tailoring
apprentices, 75
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412 Index
tailoring (com.)Belgrade co-operative, 269Bosnia, 74Bulgaria, 188,196,255Edirne, 349French, 255Momchilovtsi, 196Monastir, 77Ottoman Bulgaria, 67-8,73-6,159,
161Ottoman military, 74,79Serbia, 125-6,264Tatar Pazardzhik, 200
Tamnava district, Serbia, 113tanning, 68,190Tanzimat, 44,48,133-5,139,342,356tapestry, 232tariffs
Austria-Hungary, 304Bosnia, 196,230,244Bulgaria, 252,254,256E.Rumelia, 193Germany, 227Ottoman, 51,196,244,256,347,355Serbia, 244,267,269,273
Tatar Pazardzhik, 58cottons, 200flocks, 182woollens, 76,192
Tatars, 159,185Tausanovic, Kosta, 337taverns, 111,121,178-9tax
piastre, 88registers
Bulgaria, 158Serbia, 108,124
tax farming, Ottoman, 46taxation
Bosnia, 138,141,154,202,206,225-6incidence, 134
Bulgaria, 176,180cadastral, 180,183double, 182
E.Rumelia, 176,180Montenegro, 142
dacija, 142on emigrants, 152
Ottoman. See tithes, Ottomancizye, 5-7,12,21,80-1hearth, 4privileges, 37specific, 39Tanzimat, 44
Serbia, 2,86-9,114,116,165,315capitation, 96
per capita, 306tax holidays, 22
teachers, 162,199immigrant, 167
technologyagricultural machines, 181change, textiles, 279-82diffusion, 292gajtan, 280intermediate, 275,291Paracin woollen mill, 269smuggling, 281spinning wheels, 72transfer, 72,280-2transitional, 280
Teokarevic, Mita, 263terms of trade, Serbia, 120Teslic, 220-1Tetovo, woollens, 348,355textiles. See woollens, cottons, clothTheodoric Company, 240Thessaloniki. See SalonicaThessaly, 37
agriculture, 38beet growing, 320cottage industry, 50
Thommel, G., 135,209Thrace, 161timber. See forestry
barrel staves, 155cartel, 227export
Bosnia, 140,155-6,226Montenegro, 241
for charcoal, Bosnia, 220-1industries, Bosnia, 219-21,227,235pulp mill, Bosnia, 220sawmilling
Bosnia, 155,219-20,226-7Bulgaria, 181Montenegro, 241
Tirnavos, 37,50,53tithes, Ottoman, 34,36-7,40,44
Bosnia, 132-5,137,202Bulgaria, 45-8,52,62,64,67,161,180E.Rumelia, 176-7Macedonia, 343Montenegro, 212Serbia, 96
tobaccoexport
Bosnia, 140Macedonia, 343,354,356Ottoman Europe, 36
factoriesBosnia, 218,229
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Montenegro, 240growing
Bulgaria, 58,185Hercegovina, 140Macedonia, 343,353Montenegro, 217,240
monopolyBosnia, 218Montenegro, 217,240
output, Macedonia, 355Todorova, C , 326,342Todorova, M., 11Topcider woollen mill, 126,153Topal Osman Pasha, 138-9,164towels, 55-6,69,73,76
export, 188towns. See population:urban, de-
urbanizationBosnia, 140Bulgaria, 159,199Macedonia, 345-6Montenegro, 212,239Serbia, 116,123-6,166
Tr'n,38trade
barriers, Ottoman, 196internal
Ottoman, 40,50Serbia, 113
Trajkovic,D.,261,288transactions costs, 178,188transhumance, 60-1,143^1,159,182-3,
215,343-5. See overwinteringtransport. See railways
difficulties, 90,104,125,155,178,312,348
horse, 327Ottoman Europe, 40
treatiesAdrianople, 88Baltaliman, 41Berlin, 173,175,202,212Bucharest, 86Convention of Scutari, 142SanStefano, 173Svishtov, 84
Trebjesa brewery, 241tribute
Bulgarian, 177Egyptian, 42Serbian, 86
Trieste, 140Trjavna, 67-68,159
carpets, 200coal mine, 335land endowment, 69
migrants, 68woollen mills, 197,247,252,292woollens, 56,70
Trnovo, Macedonia, 347Trojan, 70Tsokev, P., 245tuberculosis, 146Turkey red, 76Turks
as farmers, 184in Macedonia, 342-3
Turn und Taxis group, 320Tuzla, saltworks, 155,221,223
Ubicini,A.,6,9-10,53Ulcinj, 212,240-1Ungarische Textil Industrie A.G., 276uprisings
Bosnia, 135,139,142,212Bulgaria, 158,173,201Macedonia, 356Serbia, 16
urban. See townsurban crafts and craftsmen
Bosnia, 154,228-32guilds, 152
Bulgaria, 190,199,201guilds, 80
Montenegro, 148Serbia, 121-2 ,12^5,310
rope-making, 288Urquhart,D., 157Uspeh company, 246Uzicanin, Muhamed Aga, 231Uzice
cattle trade, 120cotton industry, 273-4crafts, 126-7,166railway, 331region, 114,119-20woollen mill, 126-7,153,273
Uzundzhovo fair, 72
vak% 44-5Valjevo, merchants, 330Vardar valley, 343Vares, 220
iron smelting, 155ironworks, 155,218,220ore-fields, 226
Vareser Eisenindustrie A. G., 218Varna
cotton mill, 271,290-1,339district, 179labour market, 290sanjak, 42
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414 Index
Varna (com.)trade, 62,188
Vasseur,M.,338Vazovgrad. See SopotVeles
cottons, 348gajtan, 348schools, 168
Veli, son of Ali Pasha, 37Velika Plana, 330VelikoGradiste,104Veliko T'rnovo, weaving, 56Venice, 240Veroia, textiles, 76,349,354Venders, 80,282veterinary control, 211,304-5Vidin, 104
region, 38,185sanjak, 62silk, 190under Pasvanoglu, 37
ViennaBalkan business, 162demand, 50fashions, 255,267
Virpazar, 240Visoko, 153-5Vlachs,130,347Vladaja, textiles, 83Volpi, Giuseppe, 240Vracar district, Serbia, 102Vranje,260,287Vrattsa, cattle, 184Vucje woollen mill, 263-4,281,288Vuco,N., 100Vukosavljevic,S.,314
wagesagricultural, Bulgaria, 177,194Belgrade, 289Bosnia, 231Bulgaria and Serbia, 236,286industry, Bosnia, 236Leskovac, 288Macedonia, 353-4real
builders, 324Bulgaria, 192
rope-making, 287Samokov, 287textile
Bulgaria, 199,290Ottoman Bulgaria, 81,159Serbia, 259,294
women, Uzice, 273Wallerstein, I., 52
War Ministry, Serbia, 276,339water power, 68,80,126-7,291watermills, 259,263wax, 94wheat
cultivation, Serbia, 93export
Bosnia, 140Ottoman, 41Serbia, 93
home market, Serbia, 93prices, Bulgaria, 180,187soil erosion, Bulgaria, 183
Wilhelmy,H.,61wine
exportBulgaria, 60,186Serbia, 118
growingBulgaria, 58,186Montenegro, 142-3,217Serbia,92, 111
price, 179,186-7Wolf, Karl, 260wool
consumption, Bulgaria, 70-1,192Dobrudzha, 61Eastern Rumelia, 184export
Bulgaria, 70Ottoman, 54
import, Bulgaria, 184knitting, 264output
Bulgaria, 184Macedonia, 355
pre-emption right, Salonica, 54prices, 51,187,192,265quality deterioration, 184self-consumption, 189sorting machines, 83supply
Bulgaria, 193Serbia, 259
tariff, E. Rumelia, 193woolcombing, 262woollen mills
Bosnia, 153-4,231Bulgaria, 197,200,245-8,281-7,291-3
labour force, 282-7Macedonia, 347-8,354-5Ottoman Bulgaria, 79-81,83-4
labour supply, 81Serbia, 126-7,258-61,263-70,281,
288-9,293-5,355labour force, 287-9
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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-58051-9 - The Balkan Economies c. 1800-1914: Evolution Without DevelopmentMichael PalairetIndexMore information
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Index 415
woollensconsumption, Bulgaria, 278demand
Bosnia, 74,196,230Ottoman Bulgaria, 72-3
exportBulgaria, 230,256-8Macedonia, 347Serbia, 230,259,269
Hercegovina, 153import, 189,196
Bosnia, 230Bulgaria, 255Serbia, 267
outputBulgaria, 71,192-3,197,266,295E. Rumelia, 70,192Ottoman Bulgaria, 72Serbia, 265-6
prices, 194sales, Serbia, 269value added, 194
worstedsBosnia, 153-4Serbia, 263,267,269
Xanthi,343xenophobia, 276,333-40
yamahs y 36,37yarn
cottonBritish, 270-2,349coarse-count, 270-2,349-50Crompton, 274
dyeing, 76import, 270peasant demand, 270price, 270red dyed, 41
woollenadulteration, 195Belgian, 255carded, 70combed, 246,269-70homespun, 263import, 255shortage, 194,197,263^1
yaylaks, 61Yeni Kule cotton mill, 350yields. See crop yieldsYoung Bosnia, 237Young Turks, 214Yugoslav historiography, 225,234-5Yuriiks,61
zadrugas, 168Zemun, 268Zenica
carpets, 153rolling mill, 218-220
Zheljazkov, Dobri, 79-81,281Zheravna
cultivation, 69privileges, 37woollens, 284
Zihni,352Zivkovic, Bozidar, 275-6Zlataritsa, 283Zlatitsa district, Bulgaria, 177,183-5
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-58051-9 - The Balkan Economies c. 1800-1914: Evolution Without DevelopmentMichael PalairetIndexMore information
www.cambridge.org/9780521580519www.cambridge.orgwww.cambridge.org