Tony Ricci - D.Sc, M.S. FISSN, CSCS, PES, CDN, CNS

Assistant Professor- EXERCISE & NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY – Long Island University, Brooklyn

International Society of Sports Nutrition- Fellow, Advisory Board & Certified Sports Nutritionist

Member – American College of Nutrition, CBNS – Board Certified Nutritionist (CNS)

Licensed/ Certified, Dietician/Nutritionist – (CDN) Department of Public Health, States of CT, NY

Certified Mixed Martial Arts Conditioning Coach – MMA CC

NSCA – Certified Strength & Conditioning Specialist NASM-Performance Enhancement Specialist

Certified – United States Track & Field Coach

Sports Science Director – Team Serra/Longo MMA

Team Dymatize - Scientific Advisory Board

Fight Performance Training – FIGHTSHAPE INTERNATIONAL LLC

tony@fightshape.net

INSTAGRAM – fightshape_ricci

Performance Enhancing Drugs: Dietary Supplements &

Ergogenic Aids

THE BAD, THE UGLY, THE GOOD

FIRST ANNUAL SPORTS SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM

For Your Attendance…..

Thank You!I hope to provide an brief overview of the RX, good and

bad OTC’s currently used by athletes at all levels and

then share open dialogue.

I serve on the Scientific Advisory Board for Dymatize

Sports Nutrition

My academic studies, personal research, training

experience, personal athletic experience, and field

work as Strength Coach and Sports Nutritionist have

formed my conclusion that there are OTC

supplements (providing quality assured) that are

both efficacious and safe.

The framework for this presentation is based on the

NSCA - Performance Enhancing SubstancesJay R. Hoffman, PhD; CSCS,*D; FACSM; FNSCA

Jeffrey R. Stout, PhD, CSCS, FACSM, FISSN, FNSCA

Any substance, technique or device used to improve

performance

many are placebos

Categories• Nutritional aids

• Pharmacological aids

• Physiological aids

• Psychological aids

• Mechanical or biomechanical aids

Anabolic Steroids

HGH

EPO

Insulin

IGF-1

B-Adrenergic Agonists

B-Blockers

HCG

Anabolic Steroids The synthetic (man-made) derivatives of the male sex hormone,

testosterone. Administration largely oral & injectable

Who Uses Anabolic Steroids? Olympic athletes, professional athletes, collegiate

athletes, and high school athletes have been

reported to use steroids.

Many users are not involved in sports; they use

steroids to improve appearance.

Ergogenic BenefitsMuscle Mass and Strength

• Increases in muscle protein synthesis with steroid use are likely responsible for increases in lean body mass.

• Changes occur in both recreationally trained and competitive athletes.

Commonly used, Improperly administered, easily available

Hoffman, 2002.

And because they work, in competition where supplemented athletes are competing

against those free of Rx, particularly in contact sports, beyond unfair, its outright

dangerous.

Human Growth Hormone (HGH) stimulates growth, cell reproduction & regeneration

Naturally secreted in anterior pituitary gland. Highest levels @ night during sleep

Used as a prescription drug to treat children’s growth disorders & adult growth hormone deficiency

Abused by competitors in sports since the 1970s

Banned by IOC, NCAA, CFL, Minor League Baseball and now the NFL

Only detectable through blood testing

There has been serious debate about how reliable testing is, although the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) says there has been a reliable test for over a year

Enhance cellular amino acid uptake & protein synthesis in skeletal muscle.

↓glucose utilization

↓glycogen synthesis

↑amino acid transport across cell membrane

↑protein synthesis

↑utilization of fatty acids

↑lipolysis

↑availability of glucose & amino acids

↑collagen synthesis

Stimulates cartilage growth

↑retention of N, NA, K, Ph

Enhances immune cell function

Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) is used to treat anemia by

stimulating the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. rhEpo is

structurally identical to native Epo, a hormone produced primarily in

the kidney.

Injections of EPO are associated with elevations in both hematocrit

and hemoglobin.

Health risks include increased risk of blood clotting, elevations in

systolic blood pressure, a compromised thermoregulatory system, and

dehydration during aerobic endurance events.

Figure courtesy of Dr. H. Franklin Bunn.

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

When injected into men, HCG can increase testicular

testosterone production.

Insulin

Insulin increases protein synthesis, but the side effect of

hypoglycemia can be fatal.

Amphetamines - “Greenies”

Widespread use of the stimulant since the late 1960's.

Considered by many to be the first commonly used

"performance enhancing drug.”

Ergogenic supplements- defined as ingredients that

have been shown to significantly enhance exercise

performance (e.g., helps you run faster, lift more weight,

and/or perform more work during a given exercise task)

using evidence-based research, or help athletes to stay

injury-free and/or healthy during intense training, yielding

and indirect improvement in performance.

Consequently, employing nutritional practices that help

prepare individuals to perform and/or enhance recovery

from exercise should also be viewed as ergogenic.

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$4 billion annually in US alone!!!

The sport supplement industry throughout the world has

exploded, with more than 600 sport nutrition companies

marketing over 4,000 products that produce annual sales

of more than $4 billion in the United States alone.

Are they all legit? Well they can be, completely

contingent upon the supplement, its action, and the

integrity of the company, which is where, and why, it can

get UGLY.

The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 ("DSHEA"), is a

1994 statute of United States Federal legislation which defines and regulates

dietary supplements. DSHEA established a formal definition of "dietary

supplement" using several criteria.

A dietary supplement:

• is a product (other than tobacco) that is intended to supplement the diet that bears or

contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients: a vitamin, a mineral, an herb or

other botanical, an amino acid, a dietary substance for use by man to supplement the diet

by increasing the total daily intake, or a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or

combinations of these ingredients.

• is intended for ingestion in pill, capsule, tablet, or liquid form.

• is not represented for use as a conventional food or as the sole item of a meal or diet.

• is labeled as a "dietary supplement."

• includes products such as an approved new drug, certified antibiotic, or licensed biologic

that was marketed as a dietary supplement or food before approval, certification, or license

(unless the Secretary of Health and Human Services waives this provision).

DSHEA IS SO

TERRIBLE…

THAT IT’S ABSOLUTELY

AWESOME!!!!!

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DSHEA can get Supplements to the Athlete Faster and Cheaper, but If not careful

in product selection- you may get a Protein Powder, Pre Workout, Weight Gainer,

with some, or all of the following.

Some ingredients in supplements and sports drinks that are either directly banned

by the International Olympic Committee's Medical Commission or that have been

shown to cause a positive doping outcome in some people:

Ephedrine

Ma Huang

Pseudoephedrine

Guarana

Strychnine

Caffeine (if consumed in sufficiently high quantities to produce a urinary caffeine

concentration of >12 µg/ml)

Methylhexaneamine

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

Androstenedione, androstenediol

19-norandrostenedione, 19-norandrostenediol and related compounds

A USA TODAY investigation finds

that a wide array of dietary

supplement companies caught with

drug-spiked products are run by

people with criminal backgrounds

and regulatory run-ins.

THE WILD WEST

http://cces.ca/news/supplements-proven-contain-banned-substances-methylhexaneamine

FDA Warns 14 Sports Supplement Companies Of Illegal DMBA (AMP Citrate)Lecheek Nutrition (Products: Ampilean and Ampitropin)

Iron Forged Nutrition d/b/a TGB Supplements (Product: Contraband)

Nutrex Research, Inc. (Product: Adipodex)

Blackstone Labs LLC (Product: Angel Dust)

1ViZN LLC (Product: Velocity)

Core Nutritionals LLC (Product: AMP Citrate)

RPM Nutrition, LLC (Product: Red Rum SS)

Brand New Energy LLC (Product: Yellow Bullet AMP)

DSEO LLC (Products: HybriLean and PREAMP)

ENERGY????

ENERGY IS THE PRODUCT OF WHAT YOU DO OVER MONTHS,

TRAINING, SLEEP, HYDRATION, NUTRITION, …. HIGH-PERFORMANCE,

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY , EXISTS NOT IN A CAN.

NCAA Nutritional/Dietary

Supplements Warning

Before consuming any nutritional/dietary supplement product, review the product and its label with your athletics department staff! Dietary supplements are not well

regulated and may cause a positive drug test result.

Student-athletes have tested positive and lost their eligibility using dietary supplements.

Many dietary supplements are contaminated with banned drugs not listed on the label.

Any product containing a dietary supplement ingredient is taken at your own risk.

http://www.ncaa.org/nutritionandperformance

PRIMUM NON

NOCERE!!!If the Following Supplements are supported by Research for Safety and Efficacy

Then I will contend they are a viable alternative to the Rx and junk that remains on

the market, and athletes with extremely high training volumes can benefit from

such.

https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/ExerciseAndAthleticPerformance-HealthProfessional/

Whey Protein Builds, maintains, and repairs muscle

Numerous clinical trials

Research findings: Optimizes muscle training

response during exercise and subsequent recovery

period No safety concerns reported at daily

recommended intakes for athletes of up to about 2.0

g/kg body weight (e.g., 136 g for a person weighing

150 lb)

Reported adverse effects: None known

Creatine - Helps supply muscles with energy for short-term, predominantly

anaerobic activity Numerous clinical trials generally showing a benefit for

high-intensity, intermittent activity; potential variation in individual responses

Research findings: Increase strength, power, and work from maximal effort

muscle contractions; over time helps body adapt to athlete-training

regimens; of little value for endurance sports. Few safety concerns reported

at typical dose (e.g., loading dose of 20 g/day for up to 7 days and 3–5 g/day

for up to 12 weeks)

Reported adverse effects: Creatine is one of the most thoroughly studied

and widely used dietary supplements to enhance exercise and sports

performance Studies have found no consistent set of side effects from

creatine use, except that it often leads to weight gain, because it increases

water retention and possibly stimulates muscle protein synthesis. Several

studies have found that supplemental creatine monohydrate, when used for

a strength-training program, can lead to a 1–2 kg increase in total body

weight in a month.

Beta-alanine Increases synthesis of carnosine, a dipeptide that buffers

changes in muscle pH, thereby reducing muscle fatigue and loss of force

production; considerable individual variation in associated muscle carnosine

synthesis. Numerous clinical trials with conflicting results.

Research findings: Inconsistent effects on performance in competitive

events requiring high-intensity effort over a short period, such as team

sports; little or no performance benefit in activities lasting more than 10

minutes. No safety concerns reported for use of 1.6–6.4 g/day for up to 8

weeks.

Reported adverse effects: Paresthesia (tingling) in face, neck, back of

hands, and upper trunk with at least 800 mg or over 10 mg/kg body mass;

pruritus (itchy skin)

Fish Oil – Omega 3 –

Increased dietary intake of omega 3 with reduced incidence in

coronary heart disease and complications related to this disease.

Inflammation Mitigation- Rheumatoid Arthritis: Fish oil treatment resulted in

decreased joint tenderness and morning stiffness, grip strength and joint activity

indices for patients supplemented with 3-6g of EPA and DHA per day (over 15

studies, RCTs)

Osteoarthritis: 5 studies with benefit in WOMAC and/or VAS pain ratings, QOL

Along with curcumin, vitamin D and creatine, essential fatty acids in the form of

fish oils, are one class of natural compounds with exciting potential therapeutic

benefits in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Australian researchers published results of a study examining the effects of fish oil

on weight loss in combination with diet and exercise in the May 2007 issue of

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. The results show that a combination of fish

oil supplements and regular exercise can reduce body fat while

also improving heart and metabolic health.

Beetroot or beet juice - Beets are one of the richest food sources of inorganic nitrate. Ingested nitrate

might enhance exercise and athletic performance in several ways, primarily through its conversion into nitric

oxide in the body. Growing number of clinical trials investigating beetroot juice or concentrate as an

ergogenic aid have been published since 2007. Beetroot has generally improved performance and

endurance to different extents compared with placebo among runners, swimmers, rowers, and cyclists in

time trials and time-to-exhaustion tests, but not in all studies.

Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) Helps stressed and damaged skeletal muscle cells restore

their structure and function. Research findings: Might help speed up recovery from exercise of sufficient

amount and intensity to induce skeletal muscle damage.

Caffeine: Blocks activity of the neuromodulator adenosine; reduces perceived pain and exertion. Numerous

clinical trials with mostly consistent results. Research findings: Can enhance performance in endurance-

type activities (e.g., running) and intermittent, long-duration activities (e.g., soccer) when taken before

activity- Glycogen Sparing, Mental Alertness, Altered Pain Perception.

Essential Amino Acids: EAAs alone stimulate as much protein synthesis as a whole protein with the same

EAA content .

The Future will include Nootropics and supplements that enhance Brain performance.

Food Remains Foundational

Let food be thy medicine, and let thy

medicine be food." Hippocrates

A Poor Diet Supplemented, is still, A Poor Diet

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To Remain Updated in Sports Nutrition, Ergogenic Aids

and Supplementation –

Refer to:

http://www.sportsnutritionsociety.org/

The ISSN

THANK YOU!!!

QUESTIONS – DISCUSSION!!

Body is 40 - 75% water. Under normal conditions the body can survive

30 – 40 days without food, as few as 4 days without water.

Water affects athletic performance more than any other nutrient.

Water loss 1%/bdywt can increase core temp.

2% can lead to significant decline in performance .

3 - 5 % cardiovascular strain and inability to dissipate heat.

7%, collapse is likely.

Average requirement for adults is 2 to 2.7 quarts (1.9 - 2.6L) per day.

This is the amount required to replace fluid loss in urine and does not

include insensible loss from skin, lungs, and loss in feces.

Athletes sweating profusely for several hours can exceed 1.9qt/h (1.8L/h)

of water loss.

Athletes sweating profusely throughout the day may need to consume as high as 2 extra gallons per day.

Proper hydration levels can be monitored by weighing athletes before and after practice.

Drink at least 2 to 3 cups of fluid for every pound of bdywt lost.

Or ingest a fluid volume that is 125% of sweat loss, i.e.,

(1 liter of sweat loss equals

1.25 liters of fluid intake).

Drink 16 ozs. of cool water 2 hours before

work out.

During activity, drink frequently 6 to 8 ozs.

every 15 minutes.

The ultimate goal of fluid replacement in

sports is to start exercise, training or

practice, hydrated!

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