THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY40th Street New York N.Y. 10016. Executive office Room 929 Lincoln...

OFFICERS 1971-72 J. G. Woodward President Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Executive Vice-president Donald W. Powers Eastern Vice-President C. Roger Anderson Central Vice-President Leon A. Wortman Western Vice-President Donald J. Plunkett Secretary Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer

BOARD OF GOVERNORS George W. Bartlett Benjamin B. Bauer R. T. Bozak Marvin Camras Frederick V. Hunt J. G. McKnight J. L. Ooms William L. Robimson John E. Volkmann

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN M. Camras Admissions F. V. Hunt Awards L. A. Wortman 42nd Convention D. W. Powers 43rd Convention H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy J. G. Woodurard Executive Committee J. Harvey Exhibits A. E. Gruber Finance J. D. Colvin Historical W. L. Robinson Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library C. R. Anderson Membership G. W. Bartlett Nominations B. B. Bauer Publications Policy H. 0. Kaitchuck Sections 3. G. McKnight Standards R. T. Bozak Sustaining Memberships FV. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS British Canada Central Europe . Japan Los Angeles

Midwest New York . San Francisco Washington

ADMINISTRATION Dorothy H. Spronck Administrative Secretary

SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts, editorial and advertising correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering Society Journal, 124 East 40th Street, New York 10016. Address all other Society business to the Audio Engineering Society, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017, Membership information and back copies may be obtained from either office. -1

JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1

ARTICLES Chromium Dioxide Audio Cassette Tape

Leland K. Jordan, Robert J. Kerr, and John Dickens 2 SCORE-A Musician's Approach to Computer n4usic . . . . . . . . Leland Smith 7 Phase-Shift Characteristics of Record Cutters and Pickups

Daniel W. Graverea~~x, Arthur J. Gust, and Benjamin B. Bauer 15 Comparative Stereophonic Listening Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carl Ceoen 19 Simplified Loudspeaker Measurements at Low Frequencies . . Richard H. Small 28 Room Acoustics of Studios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ranger Farrell 34

PROJECT NOTES/ENGINEERING BRIEFS

A Stereo Program Phase Checker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . James B. Wood 37 Telephone Repeater Circuits for Studia Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ludwig De Kesel 4 i

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Rms Power: Fact or Fancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . John M. Earple and Bart Locanthi 45 Comments on "What's a Watt (rms)?" (J. Robert Ashley, JAES 19, 9 (1971)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Soundproofing-An Important Security Factor . . . . . . . . . . Thomas W. Wathen 47

DEPARTMENTS

. . . . . . . . . . . Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Available Literature 68 Review of Acoustical Patents . . . 53 Shopping the Audio Market . . . . 72

Sound Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Membership Information . . . . . . . 76 News of the Sections . . . . . . . . . . 64 Obituaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy A. P. G. Peterson D. M. Black J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight M. R. Schroeder D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog C. F. Swisher J. M. Eargle E. L. Kent A. R. Morgan E. L. Torick E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Evelyn A. Morris Production Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor

Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society. Volume 20 No. 1 January/February 1972 Published monthly except January/February and July/August 'when 'published bi-monthly by ' t he Audio Engineering Society and supplied to a l l members in good standing. Publication Affice, 124 East 40th Street New York N.Y. 10016. Executive office Room 929 Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, ~ e d York N.YI 10017. Second class postage paid a t N'ew York N.Y. and at additional m a ~ l i n g offices. ~ h b s c r i ~ t i o n to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. copyright91972 by the Audio Engi- neering Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society hereby grants permission t o repr int i n part, any paper i n this issue i f direct permission is obtained f rom i ts author(s) and credit i s given t o the author(s) and this journal. An author, o r his research affi l iate may reproduce his paper i n fu l l credit ing this journal. This permission is not assignable. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and i ts cover design has been registered as a t rademark i n the United States Patent Office.

OFFICERS 1971-72 J. G. Woodward President Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Executive Vice-President Donald W. Powers Eastein Vice-President C. Roger Anderson Central Vice-President Leon A. Woatman Western Vice-President Donald J. Plunkett Secretary Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer

BOARD OF GOVERNORS George W. Bartlett Benjamin B. Bauer R. T. Bozak Marvin Camras Frederick V. Hunt J. G. McKnight J. L. Ooms William L. Robinson John E. Volkmann

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN hl. Camras Admissions F. V. Hunt Awards L. A. Wortman 42nd Convention D. W. Powers 43rd Convention H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy J. G. Woodward Executive Committee J. Harvey Exhibits A. E. Grnber Finance J. D. Colvin Historical W. L. Robinson Laws & Resolutions W. I%. Freitag Library C. R. Anderson Membership 6. W. Bartlett Nominations B. B. Bauer Publications Policy H. 0. Kaitchuck Sections J. G. McKnight Standards R. T. Bozak Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECT! ONS British . Canada Central Europe . Japan Los Angeles

Midwest . New York . San Francisco - Washington


SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts, editorial and advertising correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering Society Journal, 124 East 40th Street, New York 10016. Address all other Society business to the Audio Engineering Society, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017, Membership information and back copies may be obtained from either office. -1

JOURNAL OF THE


VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 MARCH 1972

ARTICLES

The Effects of Transit Time and Intensity Differentials Upon Recreating Acoustic Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Edward M. Long 82

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tape Noise in Audio Recording Eric D. Daniel 92

The Fringing Response of Magnetic Reproducers at Long Wavelengths I. G. hlcKnight 100

The Influence of a Single Echo on the Audibility of Speech . . . . . Helmut Haas 145

PROJECT NOTES / ENGINEERING BRIEFS UHF Radio Link for Transmission of High-Quality Stereophonic Programs

Matti Otala and Ernst v. Knorring 106

The Advantage and Disadvantage of Hearing Aids in Industry Alex 1. Szecsody 109

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Condenser Microphone Calibration and Response in Deep Diving Esrviron-

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ments W. W. Mullen, Jr. 112

The Strobophone . . . . . . . . . . L. A. Geddes, J. D. Bourland, and T. W. Coulter 115

DEPARTMENTS Review of Acoustical Patents . . . . 118 Shopping the Audio Market . . . . . 132

Sound Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Available Literature . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Ne%s of the Sections . . . . . . . . . . 128 Membership Information . . . . . . . 130

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy A. P. G. Peterson D. M. Black J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight M. R. Schroeder D. £3. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog C. F. Swisher J. M. Eargle E. L. Kent A. R. Morgan E. L. Torick E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghaurea M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Jacqueline Harvey Mariasing Editor Evelyn A. Morris Production Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor


Journal of the Audio Engineering Societv. Volume 20. No. 2. March 1972. P i ~ b l i q h ~ r i mnnthlv except January/~ebruaryand JUI;/AU~U& when published bil;nonthly: by the ~ u d i o ~ n ~ i n & ; i n k Society and supplied to all members in good standing, Publication office, 124 East 40th Street New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Room 929. Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, ~ e d York. N.Y. 10017. Second class Dostaae aid a t New York. N.Y. and at additional mail ing offices. Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 p e i year. Copyright 1972 by t h e ~ u d i o ~ n g i n e e r i n g ~ o c i e t y ; The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society hereby grants permission to reprinl i n part, any paper i n this issue i f direct permission is obtained from its author(s) and credit is given to the author(s) and this journal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce his paper i n full crediting this iournal. This oermission is not assienable The "~6urnal 'o f the ~ u d i d ~ n ~ i n e e r i n g and-its cover design has been registered as a trademark i n the United States Patent Office.

OFFICERS 1971-72 J. G. Woodward President Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Executive Vice-President Donald W. Powers Eastern Vice-President C. Roger Anderson Central Vice-President Leon A. Wortman Western Vice-President Donald J. Plrrnkett Secretary Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer

BOARD OF GOVERNORS George W. Bartlett Benjamin B. Bauer R. T. Bozak Marvin Camras Frederick V. Hunt J. G. McKnight J. L,. Ooms William L. Robinson John E. Volkmann

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN M. Camras Admissions F. V. Hunt Awards L. A. Wortulan 42nd Convention D. W. Poners 43rd Convention H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy J. G. Woodward Executive Committee J. Harvey Exhibits 4. E. Gniber Finance J. D. Colvin I-fistorical W. L. Robins011 Laws & Resolutio~ls W. H. Freitag Library C. R. Anderson Membership G. W. Bartlett Nominations B. B. Bauer Publications Policy H. 0. Kaitchuck Sections J. G. McKnight Standards R. T. Bozak Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS British Canada - Central Europe . Japan . Los Augeles

Midwest - New York . San Francisco . Washington

ADMINISTRATION Dorothy H. Sprunck Administrative Secretary

SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts, editorial and advertising correspondence should be sent to

5 Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering Society Journal, 124 East 40th Street, New York 10016. Address all other Society business to the Audio Engineering Soc~ety, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017, Membersh~p information and back copies may be obtained Prom either office. -C~Y


VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 APRIL 1972

ARTICLES

A Practical High-Frequency Trackability Test for PI~ono Pickrips C. Roger Anderson and Paul W. Jellrick 162

Proposed Universal Encoding Standards for Compatible Your-Channel Matrix- ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K. Xtoh 167

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pseudo-Noise Timbre Generators Ralph W. Bui-l~ans 174

Acolistical Circ~iits Revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert Charles Howard 185

Aconstical and Electroacoortical Arrangen~ent for the Dynamically Fucnsed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Room Fritz W. Winckel and Manfred Kraose 198

PROJECT NOTES / ENGINEERING BRIEFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design Room or Sound System? Donald B. Davis 208

EXarmonic Structure of PN Sequcnccs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ralph N7. Brrrhans 210


Comments on "Groove Fxho in Lacquer Masters" . . . (D. W. Gravereaux and B. R. Bauer, JAES 19, 10 (1971)) D. A. Barlow 214

Reply to "Comments on 'Groove Echo in Lacquer Masters''' (11 A. Barlow. JAES 20, 3 (1972)) . . . . D. W. Graverea~rx and H . B. Rauer 216

Power Specification Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. A. Saponas 218

DEPARTMENTS

Review of Acoustical Patents . . . . 220 Newa of the Sections . . . . . . . . . . 242 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exhibits Previews for 42nd Sound 'Track 246

Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Menlbel-ship Information . . . . . . . 250

EDITORIAL BOARD J. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy A. P. G. Peterson D. M. Black J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight M. R. Schroeder D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog C. F. Swisher J. M. Eargle E. L. Kent A. R. Morgan E. L. Torick E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Evelyn A. Morris Production Editor lngeborg M. Stochn~al Copy Editor


Journal o f the Audio Engineering Society. Volume 20, No. 3 April, 1972. Published rnonthly except January/February and July/August when published bi-nionthly by the Audlo Engineering Society and supplied t o al l menlbels i n good stalrdirlg. Publicatioil oifice 124 East 401h Street New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Room 929, Lincoln Building. 60 kas t 42nd Street, N& York N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid a t New York N.Y. and a t a d d ~ t ~ o n a l mai l ing offices. ~ u b L c r i p t i o n t o nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright i972 by the Audio Engineering Society., 1 he Journal is ~ndexed i n t he Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society hereby gl-ants pern~ iss ion t o repr int i n part, any paper i n th is issue i f d ~ r e c t permission is obtained f rom ~ t s author(s) and credit is givcn t o t he author(s1 and th is journal. An author, o r his research affi l iate may reproduce his paper i n f l ~ l l credit ing th is journal. This perrrltssion is not assignable. The "Journal of t he Audio Engineering Society" and its cover design has been reg is te~ed as a t rademark i n the United States Patent Oflice.

OFFICERS 1971-72 J. G. Woodward President Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Executive Vice-President Donald W. Powers Eastern Vice-President C. Roger Anderson Central Vice-President Leon A. Wortman Western Vice-President Donald J. Plunkett Secretary Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer


COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN M. Camras Admissions F. V. Hunt Awards L. A. Wortman 42nd Convention D. W. Powers 43rd Convention H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy J. G. Woodward Executive Committee J. Harvey Exhibits A. E. Gruber Finance J. D. Colvin Historical W. L. Robinson Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library C. R. Anderson Membership G. W. Bartlett Nominations B. B. Bauer Publications Policy H. 0. Kaitchuck Sections J. G. McKnight Standards R. T. Bozak Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS British . Canada . Central Europe Japan Los Angeles

Midwest New York . San Francisco - Washington


Manuscripts, editorial and advertising correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Eng~neering Society Journal, 124 East 40th Street, New York 10016. Address all other Society busmess to the Aud~o Engineering Society, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017, Membership information and back copies may be obtained from either office. +'pU,

J O U R N A L OF THE


VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 MAY 1972

ARTICLES The Effect of Conducting Gap Spacers on the Impedance of Magnetic Heads

Rudolf Otto 258

Mechanical Playback Losses and the Design of Wideband Phonograph Pickups James V. White 265

A Clinical Study to Evaluate Rock Music, Symphonic Music and Noise as Sources of Acoustic Trauma . . . . . . . . . John P. Barry and Ian B. Thomas 271

Large-Scale Integration in Organ Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ray B. Schrecongost 275

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A Complex Sound System Equalization G. K. Thurnlond 282

Record-Changer Design Considerations of Today . . . . . . Robert J. Hammond 290

An Ultraminiature Console Compression System with Maximum User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flexibility Barry Blesser 297


Comments on "Sound Columns-Practical Design and Applications" (L. H. Schaudinischky, A. Schwartz, and S. T. Mashiah, JAES 19, 1 (1971))

W. A. M. Ramsbotham 303

Reply to "Comments on 'Sound Columns-Practical Design and Applications"' (W. A. M. Ramsbotham. JAES 20, 4 (1972)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. Mashiah 303

Comments on "Electrical Design and Musical Applications of an Uncondi- tionally Stable Cornbination Voltage Controlled Filter/Resonator"

(D. P. Colin, JAES 19, 11 (1971)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. Robert Ashley 304

Keply to "Con~~nrnts on 'Electrical Ilrsign :tud hlllhicill , \ p p l i w t i ~ ~ ~ s of a11 1.'11- ronditior~allv Stihle C'o~r~l)i~ratio~r \'olt;~re Controlled I2ilter/ Reso~rntor' "

(J. ~ o b e r i Ashley, JAES 20, 4 (1972fi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

DEPARTMENTS

AES Encore in Europe . . . . . . . . 306 Shopping the Audio Market . . . . 332

Complete Convention Program . . 3 18 Available Literature . . . . . . . . . . . 335

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 Sound Track 337

News of the Sections . . . . . . . . . . 330 Ivlembership Information . . . . . . . 339

Obituaries .................... 344

EDITORIAL BOARD J. R. Ashley J. RI. Hollywood D. S. McCoy M. R. Schroeder D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight C. F. Swisher J. M. Eargle E. L. Kent R. A. Moog I. B. Thomas E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin E. L. Torick M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen D. R. von Recklinghausen R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen A. P. G. Peterson J. G. Woodward

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Jacqueline t1:lrvey Managing Editor Evelyn A. Morris Production Editor Ingeborg M. Stoclrmal Copy Editor


Journal o f t he Audio Engineering Society, Volume 20. No. 4, May 1972. Published month ly except January/February and July/August when published bi-monthl;, by the Audio Engineering Society and rupp l ied t o al l members i n good standing. Publication o f f~ce. 124 East 40th Street New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Room 929, L ~ n c o l n Building, 60 East 42nd Street, ~ e d York, N.Y. 10017, Second class postage paid a t New York, N.Y. and at additional mai l ing offices. Subscription t o nonmembers, $30.00 ner year. Copyright 1972 by the Audio Eng~neering Society. The Journal is indexed i n the Applied Science &Technology Index. The Journal of t he Audio Engineering Society hereby grants permission t o reprint i n part , a n y paper in this issue i f direct permission is obtained f rom i ts author(s) and credit is given t o t h e author(s) and th is journal. An author, or h is research affi l iate may reproduce his paper in f u l l credit ing this journal. This permission is not assignable. The "Journal of t he Audio Engineering Society" and i ts cover design has beerr registered as a trademark i n t he United States Patent Office.



COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN M. Camras Admissions F. V. Hunt Awards L. A. Wortman 42nd Convention D. W. Powers 43rd Convention H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy J. G. Woodward Executive Committee J. Harvey Exhibits A. E. Gruber Finance J. D. Colvin Historical W. L. Robinson Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library C. R. Anderson Membership G. W. Bartlett Nominations B. B. Bauer Publications Policy H. O. Kaitchuck Sections J. G. McKuight Standards R. T. Bozak Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS British . Canada Central Europe - Japan - Los Angeles

Midwest New York . San Francisco a Washington

ADMINISTRATION Dorotl~y H. Spronck Administrative Secretam

SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts, editorial and advertising correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices. Audio Engineering Society Journal, 124 East 40th Street, New York 10016. Address all other Society business to the Audio Engineering Society, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017. Membership information and back copies way be obtalned from either office. ~ ~ ~ q p

JOURNAL OF THE


VOLUME 20 NUMBER 5 JUNE 1972

ARTICLES

Discrete-Matrix Multichannel Stereo . . . . Duane H. Cooper and Takeo Shiga 346

Further Improvements in Discrete Four-Channel Disc System CD-I Isao Owaki, Teruo hlulaoka and 'roshiya Inoue 361

Laboratory Measurement of Howlback Probability in Speech-Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Systems Daniel Queen 370

Tempered Scale Generation from A Single Frequency Source Robert B. Cotton. Jr.

. . . . . . . . . . Direct-Radiator Loudspeaker System A~~alysis Richard H. Small 383

Circuit Design Modifications for Minimizi~lg Transient Intermodulation Dis- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tortion in Audio Amplifiers hfatti Otala 396


Comments on "Articulation Loss of Consonants as a Basis for the Design and Judgment of Sound Reinforcenleilt Systems"

. . . . . . . . . . . (W. Kle~n, JAES 19. 1 1 (December 1971)) Herb Chaudiere 401

Reply to "Comments on 'Articolation 1,oss of Consonants as a Basis for the Design and Judgment of Sound Reinforcement Systenis'"

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Herb Chaudiere, JAES 20. 5 (June 1972)) W. Klein 401

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Formulas for Distributed Loudspeaker Systems W. Klein 40 1

. . . . . . Reply to "Formulas for Distributed Loudspeaker Systeins Don Davis 401 (W. Klein. JAES 20, 5 (June 1972))

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Misnomer "RMS Power" Paul W. Klipsch 402

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "RRIS Power" Versus Average Power D. A. Kerr 403

DEPARTMENTS . . . . 42nd Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 Shopping the Audio Market 436

Complete Convention PI-ogram . . 4 16 Sound Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . News of the Sections 432 Membership Information 439 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Obituaries 444

EDITORIAL BOARD

.I. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder R. W. Burhans J. M. Hollywood D. S. McCoy C. F. Swisher D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight I. B. Thomas J. M. Eargle E. L. Kent R. A. Moog E. L. Torick E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mulliu D. R. von Recklinghausen M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward

Robert O. Fehr Editor Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Eveljn A. Morris Associate Edltor lngeborg M. Stochl~lal Copy Editor

Hmry F. Olson Editor Emeritus

.Inc!rnal of the Audio Eneineerine Societv. Volume 20 No. 5. June. 1972. Published monthlv .-- excepF ~ a n u a r y / ~ e h r u a r ~ land ~ u l ~ / ~ u ~ u s i w h e n published bi-Gonthly, by t he Audio ~ n ~ i n e e r i n g Society and supplied t o all members i n good standing. Publication office. 124 East 40th Street, New York. N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Room 929. Lincoln Building. 60 East 42nd Street. New York N.Y ' 10017. Second class oostaee oaid a t New York. N.Y. and i t addit ional mai l ing off~ces. Subscrlptlon to nonmembers, $30 00 >er year Copyright 1972 by the A u d ~ o ~ n g r n e e r l n g ~ o c l e t y The Journal IS Indexed In the Applled Sclence & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audlo Eng lneer~ng Soc~ety hereby grants perrr lsslon t o repr lnt In part, any oaoer i n th is issue i f direct ie rmiss lon is obtalned from i ts author(8) and credit is given t o the iu ihor (s) and th is iournal. A'n author. or h ~ s research affi l iate rnav reproduce his paper i n fu l l . . . .

i c r i d i t ~ n g th is journ$l. Thls permission is not assignable. 1 The "Journal of t he Audio Engineering Society" and i ts cover design has been registered as a i trademark i n t he United States Patent Offlce


BOARD OF GOVERNORS George W. Bartlett Benjamin B. Bauer R T. Bozak Manin Camras Frederick V. Hunt J. G. McKnight J. L. Ooms William L. Robinson John E. Volkmann

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN M. Camras Admissions F. V. Hunt Awards L. A. Wortman 42nd Convention D. W. Powers 43rd Convention H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy J. G. Woodward Executive Committee J. Harvey Exhibits A. E. Gmber Finance J. D. Colvin Historical W. L. Robinson Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library C. R. Anderson Membership @. W. Bartlett Nominations B. B. Bauer Publications Policy H. 0. Kaitchuck Sections 1. G. McKnight Standards R. T. Bozak Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS British Canada Central Europe . Japan L a Angeles

Midwest New York . San Francisco . Southeastern (Atlanta) - Washington, D.C.


SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts, editorial and advertising correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering Society Journal, 124 East 40th Street, New York 10016. Address all other Society business to the Audio Engineering Society, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 69 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017. Membership information and back copies may be obtained from either office. -1

I JOURNAL OF THE

I AUDIO EN61NEER116 SOClET! VOLUME 20 NUMBER 6

1 ARTICLES I Field-Type Artificial Voice .............................. Harry F. Olson 446 I A High-Accuracy Frequency Shifter for Professional Audio Applications

Harald Bode and Robert Moog 453

The Sound Field in Home Listening Rooms Roy F. Allison and Robert Berkovitz 458

An Investigation of the Magnetic Head-Magnetic Tape Contact R. R. Arnold, L. Ja. Ananka, and S. V. Marsov 470

Predistortion Techniques for Complex but Predictable Transmission Systems Michael A. Gerzon 475

, A Quadraphonic Oscilloscope Display Technique ........... Denald L. Patten 483

PROJECT NOTES/ENGINEERING BRIEFS Measurements of Auditorium Acoustics with a Storage Oscilloscope

and Tone Burst Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charles A. Lincoln 490

Aircraft Infrasonic Noise Evaluation Problems . . . . . . . . . . Ralph W. Burhans 492

Correction for "Discrete-Matrix Multichannel Stereo" (Duane H. Cooper and Takeo Shiga, JAES, 20, 346-360 (June 1972))

Duane H. Cooper 493

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR On Accurate Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. Robert Ashley 494

I DEPARTMENTS I Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496 Sound Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

........... Exhibits Previews for 43rd Available Literature 530 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Convention 502

I Shopping the Audio News of the Sections . . . . . . . . . . . 518 Market ......................

. . . . . . . Membership Information 533

EDITORIAL BOARD J. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder R. W. Burbans J. M. Hollywood D. S. McCoy C. F. Swisher D. H. Cooper P. Kantrawitz J. G. McKnight I. B. Thomas J. M. Eargle E. L. Kent R. A. Moog E. L. Torick E. J. Foster D. L. Kleppcr J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghauscn M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Evelyn A. Morris Associate Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor

Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus I

Journal o f the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 20, No. 6. July/August. 1972. Published monthly except January/February and July/August when published bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to al l members in good standing. Publication office. 124 East 40th Street, New York. N.Y. 10016. Executive office. Room 929. Lincoln Building. 60 East 42nd Street. New York. N.Y, 10017. Second class postage paid a t New York, N.Y. and a t additions! mailing offices. Subscrlpt~on to, nonmembers, $30,00 per year. Copyright 1972 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is ~ndexed In the Applied Science &Technology tndex. The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society hereby grants permission t o reprint in part, any paper in this issue-if direct permission is obtained from its author(s) and credit is given to the author(s) and this journal. An author. or his research affiliate may reproduce his paper i n full crediting this journal. This permission is not assignable. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and i ts cover design has been registered as a trademark i n the United States Patent Office.


BOARD OF GOVERNORS George W. Bartlett Benjamin B. Bauer R. T. Bozak Marvin Camras Frederick V. Hunt J. G. McKnight J. L. Ooms William L. Robinson rohn E. Volkmann

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN M. Camras Admissions L. A. Wortman 42nd Convention D. W. Powers 43rd Convention H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy J. G. Woodward Executive Committee J. Harvey Exhibits A. E. Gmher Finance J. D. Colvin Historical W. L. Robinson Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library C. R. Anderson Membership G. W. Bartlett Nominations B. B. Bauer Publications Policy H. 0. Kaitchuck Sections J. G. McKnight Standards R. T. Bozak Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS British . Canada Central Europe - japan . i o s Angeles - Midwest . New York . San Francisco . Southeastern (Atlanta) Washington, D.C.

ADMINISTRATION Dorothy El. Spronck Administrative Secretary

~ W C I E T Y COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts. editorial and advertising correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Eng~neering Society Journal, 124 East 40th Street, New York 10016. Address all other Society business to the Audio Engineering Society, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017. Membership information and back copies may be obtained from either office. %p

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY VOLUME 20 NUMBER 7 SEPTEMBER 1972

ARTICLES

Sound-Image Localization in Multichannel Matrix Reprodnction Osamu Kohsaka. Eiji Satoh, and Takeqhi Nakayama 542

Measurements of the Mechanical Properties of Magnetic Tape Robert A Finger. Patrisk Murphv, and Edward J. Fosrer 549

A Noise-Reduction System: Dynamic Spectral Filtering . . . . . Fred H. Ives 558

Digital Speech Data Transniissiorr Using Pitch Synchronous .%nalysis and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Extremal Coding Renati De Mori and Angelo Serra 562

Eleven-Dag Sound Systen~ for 325 000 People . . . . . . . . . . Robert F. Ancha 568

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The State of the Art in Noise Snrveys A. J . Szecsiidy 574

PROJECT NOTES/EMGIMEERING BRIEFS

Unipot - rl. Panoramic Potentiometer for Quadrasonic Use . . Bjoril Bluthgen 580

The Playback Sound System of The Festival Theatre of Stratford, Ontario, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canada Robert Scales 581


Advantages of Using Peak Power Ratings Instead of Alerage Power John C. McKnight 584

DEPARTMENTS . . . . . . . . . . Review of Acoustical Patents . . . 587 Available Literati-we 606

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stcindards 596 Shopping the Audio Market 610 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sound Track 602 Membership Information 616

EDlTOWlAL BOARD

J. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder R. tV. Burhaus J. M. Hollywood D. S. McCoy C. F. Swisher D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight I. B. Thomas J. M. Eargle E. L. Kent R. A. Moog E. L. Torick E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghaosen hf. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward

Wahtrt 0. Febr Editor lacqwline Harley M lnaglnf: Editor Evelyn A. Morris Ascociate Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Adverrismg "tlanege: Edwin S. Berg,in?ini Contributing Edi~or Ingeborg AM. Stochmal Cop! Ed~tol

O l ' l t l l < Harr) F. Olson Editor Em,

.Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 20, No. 7, September, 1972. Published month ly except January/Fehruary and July/August when published bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineering S n c l ~ t y and cupplied to al l members In good standing Publicati0.n office. 124 East 40th Street, New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Room 929, Llncoln Bul ld ing, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage pald a t New York, N.Y. and a t addl t lonal ma i l i ng offices. S ~ ~ h s r r l n t ~ n n to nonmembers. 330.00 oer "ear Coavriaht 1972 bv the Audio Engineering Society. T h i T o G n ; ~ i;-indexed i n - c h e ' ~ - i i l i e d ~cie;lce & ~ i c h n o l o ~ y Index. The Journal of the A u d ~ o Eng~neer ing Soclety hereby grants permission t o repr int i n par t , any paper In th is issue i f direct permission is obtained f rom i ts author(s) and credi t is given t o the author(si and th is iournai . An author. or his research aff i l iate may reproduce his paper i n fu l l c red~ t i ny th is journal. This permission is not assignable. The "Journal o f t he Audio Engineering Society" and i ts cover design has been registered as a trademark in the Unlted States Patent Offlce.

OFFICERS 1972-73 Hugh S. Allen, Jr. President John J. Bubbers Executive Vice-President David L. Klepper Eastern Vice-President Marvin Camras Central Vice-President Hal Michael Western Vice-President Donald J. Plunkett Secretary Arthlir E. Gr~lloer Trzasurer

BOARD OF GOVERNORS George W. Bartlett Peter Burkowitz Ray M. Dolby James H. Mogen J. 6. McKnight J. L. Ooms William L. Rohinson J. G. Woodward

* COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN M. Camras Admissions 6. W. Bartlett Awards W. L. Robinson Convention Policy J. Harvey Exhibits A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Historical J. J. Bubhers Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library J. H. Kogen Membership J. G. Woodward Nominations B. B. Bauer Publications Policy H. 0. Kaitchnck Sections J. G. McKnight Standards R. M. Dolby Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS British - Canada Central Europe - Japan Los Angeles . Midwest New York . San Francisco Southeast (Atlanta) Washington, D.C.

ADMINISTRATION Dorothy H. Spronck Adrninistrativc Secretary

SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts, editorial and advertising correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering Society Journal, 124 East 40th Street, New Yolk 10016. Address all other Society business to the Audio Engineering Society, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017. Membership infortnation and back copies may be obtained from cither office.->

JOURNAL OF THE

lUDlO E161NEER1N6 SOCIETY AUDIO /ACOUSTiCS/A$PL!CATJONS

VOLUME 20 NUMBER 8 OCTOBER 1972

ARTICLES

High-Quality Professional Recording Using New Digital Techniques John P. Myers and Abe Feinberg 622

Voltage-Controlled Gain in the Audio Channel .... Jan Melis and B. Nijholt 629

Delay Effects in Loudspeakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paul W. Klipsch 634

A Reexamination of the S/N Question for Systems with Time-Varying Gain or Frequency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Barry Blesser and Fred Ives 638

Requirements For Theatre Sound and Communication Systems David L. Klepper 642

Model Railroad Sound System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Herbert T. Chaudiere 650

Portable Data Acquisition Unit for Word Recognition Research Herman Levin and William Lord 656


Comnlents on "Misnomer 'RMS Power'" (Paul W. Klipsch, JAES 20, 5 (June 1972)) and " 'RMS Power' Versus Average Power" (D. A. Kerr, JAES 20,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 (June 1972)) Hugo A. Bandy 664

More About "RMS Power" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Richard R. Moore 664

DEPARTMENTS Review of Acoustical Patent$ . . 666

. . . . . . . . . . . . AES at the Waldorf 670 Complete Convention Program . . 684

. . . . . . . . . . . News of the Sections 700

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sound Track 702 Shopping the Audio Market . . . . . 706

. . . . . . . . . . . Available Literature 7 10 Membership Information . . . . . . . 712

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder R. W. Burhans J. M. Hollywood D. S. McCoy C. F. Swisher D. H. Coopw P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight I. B. Thomas J. M. Eargle E. L. Kent R. A. Moog E. L. Torick E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward

Robert 0. Fclar Editor Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Evelyn A. Morris Associate Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager

Edwin S. Bergarnini Contributing Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 20, No. 8. October. 1972. Published monthly except January/February and July/August when published bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to al l members in good standing. Publication office, 124 East 40th Street, New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive off~ce, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at additions! mail ing offices. Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1972 by the Audio Eng~neering Society. The Journal is indexed i n the Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society hereby grants permission to reprint i? part, any paper i n this issue i f d~ rec t permission is obtained from its author(s) and credit-IS glven to the author(s) and this journal. An author, or his research affil iate may reproduce hts paper i n fu l l crediting this journal. This permlssion is not assignable. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and i ts cover design has been registered as a trademark in the United States Patent Office.

OFFICERS 1972-73 Hugh S. Allen, Jr. President John J. Bubbers Executive Vice-president David L. Klepper Eastern Vice-President Marvin Camras Central Vice-President Hal Michael Western Vice-President Donald I. Plunkett Secretary Arthur E. G n ~ b e r Treasurer

BOARDOFGOVERNORS George W. Bartlett Peter Bnrkowitz Ray M. Dolby James H. Kogen J. G. McKnight J. L. Oo~ns William L. Robinson J. G. Woodward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN M. Camras Admi5sionq G. W. Rartlett Awards W. L. Robinson Convention Policy J. Harvey Exhibits A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Historical J. J. Rubbers I aws & Re\olutions W. H. Freitag Library J. H. Kogen Membership J. G. Woodward Nominations B. B. Baner Pliblications Policy H. 0. Kaitchnek Sections J. G. McKnight Standard5 R. M. Dolby Su\taining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS British . Canada Central Ellrope . Japan J,os Angcles - Midwest New Ynrk San Frsnciscn Southeast (Atlanta) R-a%hington, D.C.

ADMlNlSTRATlON Dorothy H. Spronck Administrative Secretary

SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts. editorial and advertising correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering Society Journal, 124 East 40th Street, New Yoik 10016. Address all other Society business to the Audio Engineering Society, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017. Membership information and back copies may be obt;~incd pro ti^ either officc. -$!F+Z

JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO EHGIIEERING SOGIETY VOLUME 20 NUMBER 9 NOVEMBER 1972

ARTICLES

Londspeaker Distortion Associated with Low-Frequency Signals H. D. Harwood 718

Playback Effects from Matrix Recordings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Howard M. Durbin 729

Reverberation Chambers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. Rettinger 734

Time Compression and Expansion of Speech by the Sampling Method Francis F. Lee 738

Velocity Sensing-Thc Parameter for a Complete Tape Transport Motion Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . James C. Strickland 743

Acoustic Evaluation of Prosthetic Cardiac Valve In the Audio Spcctr~nn Benedicl Kingsley 750

PROJECT NOTES / ENGINEERING BRIEFS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . I A Fail-safe Andio Power Anlplifier Martin Gittleman 756

I LETTERS TO THE EDITOR I

Voltage Co~ltrolled Gain in the Audio Channel-Appendix Jan Melis and B. Nijholt 759

I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , Desirability of Tape Rating System Gerald Shirley 761

. . . . . . . . I Reply to "Dcsirahility of Tape Rating System" John G. McKnight 762 , (Gerald Shirley, JAES 20. 9 (November 1972)) I

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Specifications R . David Read 762

1 Four Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paul W. Klipsch 763

I DEPARTMENTS

Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764 Sound TI-ack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782 . . . . . . . . . . . . Review of Acousticai J'aterrts . . . . 770 Audio Market Place 786

Membership Sro1.y . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774 Available L~terature . . . . . . . . . . . . 789 Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778 Mcmbel-ship Information . . . . . . . 792

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen M. R. Sehroeder H. W. Brrrhans J. M. Hollywood D. S, McCoy C , P. Swisher D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight I. B. Thomas J. M. Eargle E. L. Kent R. A. Moog E. L. Torick E. .I. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen J. G . Woodward

Robcrt 0. Fehr Editor Jacqueline Harvey M:tnag~ng Editor Evelyn A. Morris Associate Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager Edwin S. Bergarnini Contributing Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor


Journal o f the A u d ~ o Engineering Society. Volunre 20. No. 9. November, 1972. Publrshed month ly except January/Fcbruary and July/August when publizhed hi-monthly, b y the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members In good s tand~ng. Publrcatlon offrce, 124 Fast 40th Street, New York. N.Y. 10016. Executive office. Room 929. Lincoln Butldlng. 60 East 42nd Street. New York N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid a t New York, N.Y. and a t additronal mai l ing offlces. ~ u b d c r i p t l o n t o nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyr~ght 1972 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is i r~dexed i n the Applied Science &Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio Engineering Soc~ety hereby grants permission t o repr int i n part, any paper i n this issue i f dii-ect permisston IS obtaaned frorrl i t s author(s) and credlt i s given t o t he auttior(s) and th is journal. An author, o r his research a f f~ l ra tc may reproduce his paper i n fu l l credit ing th is journal. This pet-rniss~on is not assignable. The "Journal of t he Audio Engineering Socicty" and i ts cover design has been reg~stered as a trademark i n t he IJnited State? Patcnt Offrce.

OFFICERS 1972-73 Hugh S. Allen, Jr. President John J. Bubbers Executive Vice-President David L. Klepper Eastern Vice-President Marvin Camras Central Vice-President Hal Michael Western Vice-President Donald J. Plnnkett Secretary Arthur E. Crnber Treasurer

BOARD OF GOVERNORS George W. Eartlett Peter Burkowitz Ray M. Dolby James H. Kogen J. G. McKnight J. L. Ooms William I,. Robinson J. G. Woodward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN M. Camras Adrnissioils G. W. Bartlett Awards W. L. Robinson Convention Policy J. Harvey Exhibits A. E. Gruher Finance D. 5. Plunkett Historical 9. J. Bubbers Laws & Rcsoluiions W. H. Freitag Library I. H. Kogen Membenhip 5. G. Woodward Nominations B. B. Blauer Poblications Policy H. 0. Kaitchock Sections J. G. McKnight Standards K. M. Dolby Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS British - Canada Centrd Europe - Japan iAos Angcles . Midwest New York . San Francisco Southeast (Atlanta) Washington, D.C.

ADMINISTRATION Dorotb) H. Sprouck 4d1ninist1 ntive Secretary

SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manus~r~pts, ediloiial and advertrsing corlespondence should be sent to Edito~i,~l Offlces, Audio Enginee~ing Socrety Journal, 124 Fast 40th Street, New Yolk 10016. Address all other Eociet~. bu\iness to the Audio Engrneeiing Soc~ety, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 Ed5t 42nd St. New YorL, N.Y. 10017. Mernhersh~p infor~natlon and back copies may be obtdlned from e~thes office. --SY~*J

1 J B h i R N A B OF THE

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY i

I VOLUME 20 NUMBER 10 DECEMBER 1972

I ARTICLES

Closed-Box Loudspeaker Systems--Part I: Analysis ...... Richard H Small 798

4-2-4 Matrix Systems: Standards, Practice, and Interchangeability . . Jol111 Eargle 809

CornpatihEe FM Broadcasting of Panoramic Sound J. James Gibson, Roy M Chr~\tensen, and Allen L. R. Limberg 816

Acoustics and tire .ictivc Enclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cecil R Cable 813

Modulation Distortion in Loudspeakers: Part 111 . . . . . . . Paul W. Klrpsch 827

TTL Circuits for Monophoiiic Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ralph W Bushan5 829

Production of Dolby B-Type Ca%scttes . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. P. Robinson 813

I

: PROJECT NOTES/ENGINEERING BRIEFS I

Measurement of the Acoustical Propertics of the Concert Hall of the Michael 1 C. Rockefeller Arts Center, State University College at Fredonia, New York

I C. A. Lincoln and G. Mbundji 842 I

A V U Mrter for the Blind Operator R~chard CJ. Allen and Ralph A. Antonacci 845

DEPARTMENTS

Review of Acoustical Patents . . . 848 Sound Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862

News of the Sections . . . . . . . . . . 855 Audio Market Place . . . . . . . . . . . 866

Fditorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858 Available 1,iteraturc 870 . . . . . . . . . . . Membership Information . . . . . . . 877

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder R. W. Borhans J. M. Hollywood D. S. McCoy C. F. Swisher D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight I. B. Thomas J. M. Eargle E. L. Kent K. A. Moog E. L. Torick E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward

Rohcrt 0. Felar Fditor Jacqoc?line llarvey Managing Editor Evelyn A. Morris Associate Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager Edwin S. Bcrgarnini Contributing Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmal Cop] Editor

Ilarry F. Olson Editor Emeritus

Journal o f t h e Audio Engineering Society. Voluine 20, No. 10. December, 1972. Published monthly except Januaty/February and Juiy/August when published bi-monthly, b y t he Audio Enginccr ing Society and >upplied t o a l l members I n good standing. Publicallon offlce, 124 East 40th Street. New York, N.Y. 10016. Execut~ve off~ce, Room 929, Lincoln Bullding, 60 East 42nd Street. New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class poatage pald a t New York, N.Y. and a t addtt lonal mailing offlces. Subscr lp t~on to no r~n~embers , $3O.UU per year. Copyr~ght 1912 by the Audlo Englneerirlg Suciety, The Journal is indexed i n the Applled Science & Technology Index. The Journal o f t he A u d ~ o Engineering Society hereby grants perrrlis5ion t o repr int i n part, any paper I n th is issue if direct permlsslon 1s obtained f ro ln i t5 author(s) and credlt 1s given t o t he author(s) and th is journal. An author, o r ti15 resear-ch a f f~ l ia te rnay reproduce his paper i n fu l l crediting th is journal. This perm~ss ion is not asslgnable: The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Soclety" and ]is cover design has beer1 registered as a trademark i n the United States Patent Offlce.

OFFICERS 1972-73 Hugh S. Allen, Jr. President John J. Bubbers Executive Vice-President David L. Klepper Eastern Vice-President Marvin Camras Central Vice-President Hal Michael Western Vice-President Donald J. Plnnkett Secretary Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer

BOARD OF GOVERNORS George W. Bartlett Peter Burkowitz Ray M. Dolby James H. Kogen J. G. McKnight J. L. Ooms William L. Robinson J. G. Woodward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN M. Camras Admissions G. W. Bartlett Awards W. L. Robinson Convention Policy J. Harvey Exhibits A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Historical 9. J. Bubbers Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library J. H. Kogen Membership J. G. Woodward Nominations B. B. Bauer Publications Policy H. 0. Kaitchuck Sections J. G. McKnight Standards R. M. Dolby Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS British . Canada Central Europe - Japan Los Angeles . Midwest New York - San Francisco Southeast (Atlanta) Washington, D.C.

ADMlNlSTRATlON Dorothy H. Spronck Administrative Secretary

SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts, editorial and advertising correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering Society Journal, 124 East 40th Street, Ncw York 10016. Address all other Society business to the Audio Engineering Society, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017. Membership information and back copies may be obtained from elther office:+ggw

g ' B AUDIO EN IETY VOLUME 21 NUMBER 1 JANUARY/FEBRUAWY 1973

ARTICLES

. . . . . . . . . . . Yeriphong: With-Height Sonn~d Repmdriction Michael A. Gerzon 2

. . . . . . Closed-Box Loudspeaker Systems-Part 11: Synthesis Richard H. Small 11

Recording Techniques for SQ Matrix Quadraphonic Discs Benjamin B. Bcuer. Gerald A. Budelman, and Daniel W. Gravereaux 19

Experimental Investigation of Sound-System-Room Feedback William K. Connor 27

The Design and Use of a Simple Pseudo Ra~adom Pink-Noise Generator 5). B. Keele, Jr. 3 3

PROJECT NOTES/ENGlNE%RING BRllEFS A Study to Establish Optimum Level on Cassette Tape Copies

Stewart L. Smith and James B. Wood 42

DEPARTMENTS R~

. . . . . . . . . . . Review of Acoustical 13aten:s . . . . 52 Available Literature 62

News of thc Sxtions . . . . . . . . . . 56 Audio Market Place . . . . . . . . . . . 66

SoundTrack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Membership Tnformation . . . . . . . 70

. . . . . . . . . . . Index to Vo!ume 20 75

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder R. W. Burhans J. M. Hollywood D. S. McCoy C. F. Swisher D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight I. B. Thomas J. M. Eargle E. L. Kent R, A. Moog E. L. Torick E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper 9. T. Mullin D. R. von Reckliughausen M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward

Robert 0. Febr Editor Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Evelyn A. Morris Asvociate Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager Edwin S. Bergarnini Contributing Editor Hngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor

Narn F. OISOP, Editor Emerituq

Journal of the Audio Engtneering Society. Volume 21, No. 1, January/February 1973. Published monthly except January/February and Ju iy IAugust when published bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineering Society and suoplied t o all )members In good standing. Publication offlce, 124 East 40th Street, New York, N.Y: 10016. Executive office. Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street New York N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid a t New York, N.Y. and a t addit ional mailin'= offices. ~ L b s c r i ~ t i o n to nonmembers, 830.00 per year. Copyright 1973 by the Audio Engi- neering Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science i% Technology Index. The Journal of the Audlo Engineering Society hereby grants permission t o repr int i n part, any paper i n this issue ~f direct perrnisbiuil is obtained f rom i ts author($ and credit is given t o t he author(s) and th is journal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce his paper i n full c r e d ~ t i n g this journal. This permission IS not assignable, The "Journal of t h e Audio Engineering Society" and ~ t s cover design has been registered as a t rademark in the United States Patent Office.

OFFICERS 1972-73 Hugh S. Allen, Jr. President John J. Bubbers Executive Vice-President David L. Klepper Eastern Vice-President Marvin Camras Central Vice-President Hal Michael Western Vice-President Donald J. Plunkett Secretary Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer

BOARD OF GOVERNORS George W. Bartlett Peter Burkowitz Ray M. Dolby James H. Kogen J. G. McKnight J. L. Ooms William L. Rohinson J. G. Woodward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN M. Camras Admissions G. W. Bartlett Awards W. L. Robinson Convention Policy J. Harvey Exhibits A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Historical J. J. Bubbers Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library J. H. Kogen Membership J. G. Woodward Nominations B. B. Bauer Publications Policy H. 0. Kaitchuck Sections J. G. McKnight Standards R. M. Dolby Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS British - Canada Central Europe Japan Los Angeles . Midwest New York . San Francisco Southeast (Atlanta) Washington, D.C.


SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts, editorial and adve~tising correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering Society Journal, 124 East 40th Street, New York 10016. Address all other Society business to the Audio Engineering Society, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017. Membership information and back copies may be obtained from either office. -1


AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY VOLUME 21 NUMBER 2 MARCH 1973

ARTICLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gradient Loudspeakers Harry F. Olson 86

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . A Theory of Scanning Loss in Phonographs James V. White 94

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equalizing the Monitoring Environment John Eargle 103

Perceptual Study of Segments of Intervocalic Stops and Affricates S. K. Gupta. S. S. Agrawal and Rais Ahmed 108

PROJECT NOTES/ENGIMEERING BRIEFS

EIA RS-400 "Reproducer Test Tape'' Reviewed . . . . . . . . . John G. McKnight 115

Loudspeaker Standards and Loudspeaker Performance Limitations Richard H. Small 117

Relative Importance of the Direct and Reverberant Fields to Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Perception -. Daniel Queen 119

Computer-Generated Pure Tones and Noiqe and Its Application to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Psychoacoustics Milton Rosenstein 121

Audio Engineering and Equipment Requirements for Stereo Television . . . . . I Production That Meets Perceptual Demands Wllllam L. Kaffenberger 127

THE FORUM

Comrneuts on "Field-Type Artificial Voice" (H. F. Olson, JAES 20, 6 (July/August 1972)) . . . Robert B. Dyer 129

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Action in Ithaca Bernard A. Hutchins Jr. 129

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sir Who? Percy Wilson 130

Comments on "Requirements for Theatre Sound and Co~n~lln~lication Systems" . . . . . . . . . . (D. L. Klepper, J-AES 20, 8 (October 1972)) Bertram 0. Schultz 130

DEPARTMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . Review of Acoustical Patents . . . . 132 Available Literature 148

. . . . . . . . . . . News of the Sections 140 Shopping the Audio Market . . . . . 150

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sound Track 144 Membership Information . . . . . . . 153

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen hl. R. Schroeder R. W. Burhans J. M. Hollywood D. S. RlcCoy R. H. Small D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight I. B. Thonlas J. M. Eargle E. L. Kent R. A. Moog E. L. Torick E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward

Robcrt 0. Fehr Editor Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Evelyn A. Morris Associate Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager Edwin S. Bergamini Contributing Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmal Cop) Editor

Harrj F. Olson Editor Emeritus

Journal of the Audlo Eng~neer ing Society. Volume 21, No. 2 March 1973. Published monthly except January/February and July/August when published bi;inonthly: by t he Audio Engineering Society and supplied t o all members In good standing. Publication office, 124 East 40th Street, New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid a t New York, N.Y. and a t add i t~ona l rnal l lng off~ces. Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1973 by the Audlo Eng~neer lng Society. The Journal is indexed i n the Applied Science &Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society hereby grants permission t o repr in t i n part , any paper i n this issue i f direct permission is obtained f rom i ts author(s) and credit is given to the author(s) and th is journal. An author, or his research affi l iate may reproduce h is paper i n f u l l credit ing this journal. This permission is not assignable, The "Journal of t he Audio Engineering Society" and ~ t s cover design has been registered as a t rademark i n the United States Patent Office.

OFFICERS 1972-73 Hugh S. Allen, Jr. President John J. Buhbers Executive Vice-President David L. Klepper Eastern Vice-President Marvin Camras Central Vice-President Hal Michael Western Vice-President Donald J. Plunkett Secretary Arttltir E. Grnbcr Treasurer

BOARD OF GOVERNORS George W. Bartlett Peter Burkowilz Ray M. Dolby James H. Kogen J. G. McKnight J. L. Ooms William I,. Robinson J. G. Woodward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN M. Camras Admissions G. W. Bartlett Awards W. L. Robinson Convention Policy J. Harvey Exhibits A. E. Gruher Finance D. J. Plunkett Historical J. J. Rubbers Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library J. H. Bogen Membership J. G. Woodward Nominations B. B. B:mcr Publications Policy H. 0. Kaitchock Sections J. G. McKnight Standards R. RI[. Dolby Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS British . Canada Central Europe - Japan I,orl Angeles - Midwest New York . Sarr Francisco Soutl~east (Atlanta) Washington, D.C.

ADMlNlSTRATlON Dorothy H. Spronck Administrative Secrctary

SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts, editorial and advertising correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering Society Journal, 124 East 40th Street, New York 10016. Address all other Society business to the Audio Engineering Society, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017. Membership information and back copies may be obtaincd from either office. ..̂ <Twl

JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY VOLUME 21 NUMBER 3 APRIL 1973

ARTICLES Cornparisorl of Network and Real-Ear Characteristics of the External Ear

Marh B. Gardner and Melv~lle S. Hawley 128

Tecllnical Requirements and Analysis of Phono Cartridges for Proper I'layback of CD-4 Discrete Fonr-Cl~annel Records . . T. Tnoue, N . Shibata, and K. Cioh 166

Multitrack Andin in Video Prodnction . . Eugene M. Nolhafl and Tom W. Irby 172

. . . . . . . . . The Theory of Loudspeaker Cabinel Rescmances James K. Ivcrson 177

A~itoxi~atic Detection of ImpoP.;e Pdoise Georse R. I<in/~c. Jr.. and Dan~el W. Giavcrca~rv 181

PROJECT NOTES/ENGINEERING BRIEFS ...................... On the Doppler Distortion in Loudspeakers S. Braun 185

Recording Solrnd Photographically on Paper Disks Michel S. Michail and Richaid McFer 187

SymrnetricaI Design of T and H Pads Using Nomogram . . . . Ronald Ajemian 192

FORUM What is the Need for University Level Edneation in Audio? . . B . Robert Ashlev 1'98

Further on Simple Pseudorandom Pink Noise Generator ..... D. B. Keele. J1 198

DEPARTMENTS

. . . . . . Address: 44th Convention 200 Exhibits Previews: 45th

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Convention 204 . . . . . . . . . . News of the Sections 228

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sound Tlack 232 Shopping the -4udio Market . 236

. . . . . . . . . Plva~lnble Literature 235 . . . . . . . Mcnlheishilr lillorm.ttion 240

EDlTORlAL BOARD

J. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder R. W. Burl~ans J. M. Hollywood D. S. McCoy a. H. Small D. H. Cooper P. Kautrowitz J. G. McKnight I. B. Thomas J. M. Eargle E. L. Kent R. A. Moog E. L. Torick E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward

Robert 0. Febr Editor Jacqueline I-larvey Managing Editor Evelyn A. Morris Associate Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager Edwin S. Bergarnini Contributing Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor


Journal of t he A u d ~ u Erlglrlcerlng Society. Volume 21, No. 3, April, 1973. Published rnontnly except JanuaryIFebruary and July/August when published hi-monthly, by t he Audio Engineering Society and supp l~ed to all members i n good standing. Publication office, 124 East 40th Street, New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Room 929. Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street. New York, N.Y. 10017. Secorld class postage pard a t New York, N.Y. and a t addit ional mai l ing offices. Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1973 by the Audio Eng~neer ing Soc~ety. The Journal IS indexed i n t he Applied Science &Technology Index. The Journal of t he A u d ~ o Engineering Society hereby grants permission t o repr int i n part, any paper In thls issue ~f dtrect perrnission is obtained f i o m i ts author(s) and credit i s given t o t he author(s) and this Journal. An author, o r h is research affi l iate may reproduce h is paper i n full crediting th is journal. This permission is not assignable. The "Journal of t he Audio Engineering Society" and i ts cover design has been registered as a tradernark i n the United States Patent Offlce.

OFFICERS 1972-73 Hugh S. Allen, Jr. President John J. Bubbers Executive Vice-President David L. Klepper Eastern Vice-President Manin Camras Central Vice-President Hal Michael Western Vice-President Donald J. Pluukett Secretary Arthur E. Grnber Treasurer

BOARD OF GOVERNORS George W. Bartlett Peter Burkowitz Ray R.I. Dolby James H. Mogen J. G. McKnigbt J. L. Ooms Willia~n L. Robinson J. G. Woodward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN M. Carnras Adn~issions G. W. Bartlett Awards W. L. Robinson Convention Policy J. Harvey Exhibits A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Historical J. J. Bubbers Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library J. H. Kogen Membership J. G. Woodward Nominations B. B. Bauer Publications Policy H. 0. Kaitch~~ck Sections J. G. McKnight Standards R. M. Dolby Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS British . Canada Central Europe .Japan Los Angeles Midwest New York San Francisco Southeast (Atlanta) Washington, D.C.


SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts, editorial and advertising

8- correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering Society Journal. 124 East 40th Street, New Yoik 10016. Address all othcr Society business to the Audio Engineering Society, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St.. New York, N.Y. 10017. Membership information and back copies may be obtained from either office. ~ s ~ l

JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY VOLUME 21 NUMBER 4 MAY 1973

ARTICLES Sensitivity of Thiele's Vented Loudspeaker Enclosure Alignments to Paran~eter

Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. B. Keele. Jr. 246

Quadraphonic One Point Pickup Microphone . . . . . . . . . . . . Tabeo Yamamoto 256

Synthesis of the llusical Scale Using Noninteger Frequency Division G. W. Small 262

Tubes Versus Transistors-Is There an Audible Difference? . Russell 0. Hamm 267

PROJECT NOTES/ENGINEERING BRIEFS Characteristics of Reverberation Chamber Daniel Queen and Raymond Stanner 274

Sir~lple Bandpass Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ralph W. Burhans 275

Low-Bit Sine-Wave Approximations for Audio Signal Sources Ralph W. B~lrhans 277

Design Considerations for a Transportable Sound-Reinforcement System Allan P. Smith 279

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Status of Broadcast Cartridge Design Robert L. Manierre 281

FORUM Rlore on Tape Rating (Gerald Shirley, John G. RlcKnight. JAES 20. 9 (Yovembel 1972)) Gerald Shirley 287

Comments on "Desirability of Tape Rating System" (Ce~ald Sh~rleq, John G. McKnight. JAES 20, 9 (Norwn'oer 1972)) Bas11 Lane 287

Co~nments on "Dehy Effects in Loudspeakers" . . . . . . . . . . . (Paul W. Kllpsch, JAES 20. 8 (October 1972)) Stephen J. C o u r ~ 288

Reply to "Comn~ents on 'Delay Effects in IAo~idspeaker\"9 (Stephen J. Court, JAES 21. 4 (May 1973)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paul W. Kl~psch 2'38

Com~nents on "Model Railroad Sound System" (Herbert T. Chaud~ere. JAES 20, 8 (October 1972)) . . . . . William Hoskins 289

DEPARTMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . And Ko\v C-3: AES Convenes New-s of the Scctions 320

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in Rotterdam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Sound Track 324 Complete Program . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 Available Literature . . . . . . . . . . . 330

. . . . . Revie\\. of Acoustical Patents . . . . 309 Shopping the Audio hlarket 332 Secretary's Repvrt 011 Growth of h len~hersh i~ Information . . . . . . . 336

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AES-El:]-ope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 16 In Memoriam 340

EDITORIAL BOARD J. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser J. 11. Kogen &I. R, Schroeder R. FV. Borhans J. M. Hollywood D. S. McCoy R. H. Srnall D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight I. B. Thomas J. M. Eargle E. L. Kent R. A. Moog E. L. Torick E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen R4. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward

Robert 0. Febr Editor Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Evelyn A. hlorris Associate Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager Edwin S. Beqsrnini Contributing Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copj Editor


Journal of the Audio Engineering Society Volume 21 , No. 4, May, 1973. Published -monthly except January/February and July/August h h e n publ ished bi;monthly, by the Audlo Engineering Society and supp l~ed t o al l members i n good standing. Publ icat ion office, 124 East 40th Street, New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office. Room 929, Lincoln Bui ld ing, 60 East 42nd .Street. N e w York. N.Y. 10017. Second class postage p a ~ d a t New York, N.Y. and a t addittonal ma i l i ng of f~ces. Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyr ight 1973 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed i n the Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society hereby grants permission t o repr int i n part, any paper i n t h i s issue i f d lrect permission i s obtained f r om i ts author(s) and credi t i s given t o t he author(s1 and th ls iournal. An author, or his research affi l iate may reproduce h is paper i n f u l l c red~ t l ng th is journal. Thts permission 1s no t assignable. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and i t s cover design has been registered as a trademark i n the Unlted States Patent Office.

OFFICERS 1972-73 Hugh S. Allen, Jr. President John J. Bubbers Executive Vice-President David L. Klepper Eastern Vice-President Mamn Camras Central Vice-President Hal Michael Western Vice-President Donald J. Plunkett Secretary Arthur E. Gn~ber Treasurer


COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN M. Camras Admissions G. W. Bartlett Awards W. L. Robinson Convention Policy J. Harvey Exhibits A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Historical J. J. Bubbers Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library J. H. Kogen Membership J. G. Woodward Nominations B. B. Bauer Publications Policy H, 0. Kaitchuck Sections J. G. McKnight Standards R. M. Dolby Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS British Canada Central Europe . Japan Los Angeles . Midwest New York San Francisco Soiitheast (Atlanta) Washington, D.C.


SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts, editorial and advertising correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering Society Journal, 124 EasL 40th Street, New Yoik 10016. Address all other Society business to the Audio Engineering Society, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017. Membership information and back copies may be obtained from either office.

JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO l ACOUSTlCS [APPLICATIONS


ARTICLES Quadraphonic Matrix Perspective-Advances in SQ Encoding and Decoding

Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Benjamin B. Bauer, Richard G. Allen, Gerald A. Budelman, and Daniel W. Gravereaux 342

Dolby B-Type Noise Rednction for FM Broadcasts . . . . . . . . . . D. P. Robinson 35 1

Optimum Use of Noise Reduction in FM Broadcasting ....... Ray M. Dolby 357

Vented-Box Loudspeaker Systems-Part Analysis Richard H. Small

Enhanced Electronic Organ Performance by Means of Custom LSI Devices Warren J. Brunsting 373

PROJECT NOTES/ENGINEERING BRIEFS A Method of Coding Complex Shapes for the Blind by an Auditory Display

Raymond M. Fish 378

.................... Sound of the Games Donna Roizen and Joseph Roizen 381

A Method for Qualifying Recorded Tone Bursts . . . . . . William M. Blethen 387

FORUM Edncation on Audio

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J. R. Ashley, JAES 21, 3 (April 1973)) Almon H. Clegg 400

Hertzian Theory and Scanning Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (J. V. White, JAES 21, 2 (March 1973)) Duane H. Cooper 400

DEPARTMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standards 395 Shopping the Audio Market 4 14

Review of Acoustical Patents . . . 402 Available Literature . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 7 . . . . . . . News of the Sections . . . . . . . . . . 408 Membership Information 420

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sound Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 Revised Bylaws 425

EDITORIAL BOARD J. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder R. W. Burhans J. M. Hollywood D. S. McCoy R. H. Small D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight I. B. Thomas J. M. Eargle E. L. Kent R. A. Moog E. L. Torick E. 3. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Reeklinghausen M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Evelyn A. Morris Associate Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager Edwin S. Bergamini Contributing Editor Ingeborg M. Stoclunal Copy Editor


Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 21. No. 5, June, 1973. Published monthly except January/February and July/AUgust when published bi-monthly by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication oifice 124 East 40th Street, New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Reom 929, Lincoln Building, 60 kas t 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage pald a t New York, N.Y. and at additional mail ing offices. Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1973 by the A u d ~ o Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Sclence & Technology Index.. The Journal of the Aud~io Engineering Society hereby grants perrnlssion to reprint i n part, any paper i n this issue if dlrect permission is obtained from its author(s) and credit is given to the author(s) and this journal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce his paper In fu l l crediting this journal. This permission is not assignable. The "Journal of t h e Audio Engineering Society" and i ts cover design has been registered as a trademark in the Un~ted States Patent Office,

OFFICERS 1972-73 Hugh S. Allen, Jr. President John J. Bubbers Executive Vice-President David L. Klepper Eastern Vice-President Marvin Camras Central Vice-President Hal Michael Western Vice-President Donald J. Plunkett Secretary Arthur E. Gn~ber Treasurer


C COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN M. Camras Admissions G. W. Bartlett Awards W. L. Robinson Convention Policy J. Harvey Exhibits A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Historical J. J. Bubbers Laws & Resolutions Rr. HH. Freitag Library J. H. Kogen Membership J. G. Woodward Nominations B. B. Bauer Publications Policy El. 0. Kaitchuck Sections J. G. McKnight Standards R. M. Dolby Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS British . Canada Central Europe Japan Los Angeles . Midwest New York - San Francisco Southeast (Atlanta) Washington, D.C.


SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts, editorial and advertising correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering Society Journal, 124 Fast 40th Street, New York 10016. Address all other Society business to the Audio Engineering Society, Room 929. Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St., New York. N.Y. 10017. Membership information and back copies may be obtained from either office. --.

AUDIO ENlilNEER116 SOCIETY auDro /acous~rc=s ~ A P P L ~ C A T I ~ ~ N S

VOLUME 21 NUlVlBER 6

ARTICLES

. . . . . Some Single- and Multiple-Source Localization Effects Mark. B. Gardner 430

Vented-Box 1,oudspeaker Systems-Part 11: Large-Sikwal Analysis Kichard 1%. Small 438

A New Automatic Noise-Reduction System (ANRS) Masami Yamazaki and lsao Masuda. 445

A Loodspeakcr System Design Utilizing A Sixth-Order Butterworth Response Characteristic .................................. Raymond J. Newman 450


Tempered Tone-Scale Generation From A Single Oscillator . Nico V. FI-anssen 457

Clavicl~ord Amplication ............................ Ralph W. Burl~an.: 460

DEPARTMENTS

. . . . . . . . . . 45th Convention Report ........ 464 News of the Sections 512 ................... ................. Standards 488 Sound Track 514

. . . . . . . . . Review of Acoustical Patenls ... 390 Available Literature 517 Lxhibits Preview .............. 454 Menlbershlp Information . . . . . 520

EDITORIAL BOARD J. R. Ashley R. C. Heyser J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder R. W. Burhaus J. M. Hollywood D. S. McCoy R. H. Small D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz J. G. McKnight I. B. Thomas J. M. Eargle E, L. Kent R. A. Moog E. L. Torick E. J. Foster D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen M. B. Gardner P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Evelyn A. Morris Associate Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager Edwin S. Bergamini Contributing Editor IIngeborg Ma Stochmal Copy Editor

Hany F. Olson Editor Emeritus

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volunie 71, No. 6, July/August 1973. Published month ly except January/February and July/August when published bi-monthly, 'by t he Audio Engineering Society and supplied t o al l ri iembers i n good standing. Publication office, 124 East 40th Street, New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Room 929. Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street. New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid a t New York, N.Y. and a t add i t iona l rnailirrg offices. Subscription t o nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1973 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed i n t he Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society hereby grants permission t o repr in t i n part, any paper i n this issue i f direct perri?ission IS obtained f rom i ts author(s) and credit i s given t o t he author(s) and th is journal. An author, o r h is research affiliate may reproduce h is paper in fu l l credit ing th is journal. This permission is not assignable. The "Journal of t h e Audio Engineering Society" and i ts cover design h a s been registered as a trademarh i n t he Unlted States Patent Office.

OFFICERS 1972-73 Hugh S. Allen, Jr. President John J. Bubbers Executive Vice-President David L. Klepper Eastern Vice-President Marvin Camras Central Vice-President Hal Michael Western Vice-President Donald J. Plunkett Secretary Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer


COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN -. M. Camras Admissions

G. W. Bartlctt Awards W. L. Robinson Convention Policy J. Harvey Exhibits A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Historical J. J. Bubbers Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library J. H. Kogen Membership J. G. Woodward Nominations B. B. Bauer Publications Policy H. 0. Kaitchuck Sections J. G. McKnight Standards R. M. Dolby Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS British . Canada Central Europe. Japan Los Angeles Midwest New York - San Francisco Southeast (Atlanta) Washington, D.C.

ADMINISTRATION Dorothy H. Sprouck Administrative Secretary

SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts, editorial and advertising correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering Society Journal, 124 East 40th Street, New York 10016. Address all other Society business to the Audio Engineering Society, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017. Membership information and back copies may be obtained from either office.

JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO E IGINEERI IG SOCIETY VOLUME 21 NUMBER 7 SEPTEMBER 1973

ARTICLES

The Synthesis of Complex Audio Spectra by Means of Frequency Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John M. Chowning 526

Pulse-Code-Modulation Recording System . Hiroshi Iwamura, Hideaki Hayashi, Atsushi Miyashita, and Takeaki Anazawa 535

.... PCM Recorder-A New Type of Audio Magnetic Tape Recorder N. Sato 542

Vented-Box Loudspeaker Systems-Part III: Synthesis ..... Richard H. Small 549

Dynamic Damping of Stylus Compliance/Tone-Arm Resonance Gary T. Nakai 555

. . . . . . . . Instrumentation and Methods of Violin Testing Carleen M. Hutchins 563

A Proposed Standard Method of Measuring the Directivity Factor " Q of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loudspeakers Used in Commercial Sound Work Don Davis 571

PROJECT NOTES/ ENGINEERING BRIEFS

The Drone-Cone, Phase-Inverter Loudspeaker .............. Harry F. Olson 582

FORUM

The Validity of the "Momentary" Power Output Rating to Amplification of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Speech Daniel Queen 583

More About Education in Audio Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. Robert A~hley 586

DEPARTMENTS

Review of Acoustical Patents .... 588 Sound Track ................. 599 ........... A New Look at Section Activity Available Literature 603

-Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594 Shopping the Audio Market 605 .... ....... .......... News of the Sections 596 Membership Information 609

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. R. Ashley M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy R. H. Small R. W. Burhans J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight 1. B. Thomas D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog E. L. Torick J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward

Robert 0. Febr Editor Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Evelyn A. Morris Associate Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager Edwin S. Bergamini Contributing Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor


Journal of the Audio Engineering Society Volume 21 No. 7, September, 1973. Published monthly except January/February and ~ u l y / ~ u ~ u ; t when pudlished bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineering Society and suppl~ed to all members i n good standing. Publication office, 124 East 40th Street, New York, N.Y. 10016. Execut~ve office. Room 929. Lincoln Building. 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York. N.Y. and at additional mailing offices. Subscription.to nonmembers, $30.00 pcr year. Copyright 1973 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed i n the Applied Science &Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio Engineering Soc~ety hereby grants permission to reprint i n part, any paper i n this issue if direct permission is obtained from its author(s) and credit is given to the author(s1 and this journal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce his paper i n fu l l crediting this journal. This permission is not ass~gnable. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and i ts cover design has been registered as a trademark in the United States Patent Office. I

OFFICERS 1973-74 John J. Bnhbcrs Presidcnt John M. Eargle President-Elect John M. Woram Vice Pres~dent. Eastern

Regron Dnane H. Cooper Vice President, Ccntral

Ke~ioll Leon Wortman Vice P~esident. Western

Region Peter bark ow it^, Vice Prcsidcnt, Europe

Region Stephen P. Temn~er V ~ c e President, Inter-

national Donald J, Pltmkeit Sccreta~ y Arthur E. Gruber Treasu~ cr

BOARDOFGOVERNORS II~rgh S. Allen, Jr. George W. Bartlett Barry A. Blesser Ray M. Dolby W. Rex Isom James H. Kogen Donald W. Powers Emil L. Torick J. G , Wooclward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN J. M. Woram Admissions 1. G. Woodward Awards H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy A. E. Gruber Finance 1). J. Plunkett Hcadquarters Administrative D. J. I'lunkett Historical J. M. Eargle Laws Sr. Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library I. H. Kogen Membership H. S. Allen, Jr. Nominations 1). H. Cooper Publications Pol~cy W. R. Ison1 Standards R. M. Dolby Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS Atlanta British Central Europe - Chicago (Midwest) Japan Los Angeles New York City . San Francisco Toronto (Canada) Washington, D.C.


SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts, editorial and advertising correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering Society Journal, 124 East 40th Street, New York 10016. Addrcss all other Society hisiness to the Audio Engineering Society, Room 929, Lincoiri S~lilding, 60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017'. Membership information and back copies may be obtained from either office.

1 JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY : VOLUME 21 NUMBER 8 OCTOBER 1973

; ARTICLES I QMY Carrier-Channel Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uume I3 Cooper, et al. 614

A IIaif-Speed Cutting of tlie CD-4. A Discrete 4-Ch;1nuel Record and Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Improvements of the System T. Inoue, et al. 625

Development of Skew Sarnpli~~g Compensator for Tracing Error S. Washizawa, et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630

Vented-llox Loodspeaker Systems-Part 1V: Appendices . . . . . . . . R. H. Small 635

Experimental Electronic Music Devices Employing Walsh F~rnctions Bernard A. Hulchins, Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640

Eqnivalent Aco~rstie Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Don Davis 646

FORUM On Darnage Risk Throngh Occupational Noise Exposure . . Alcv Szecsody 650

Comments on "Tubes Versus Transistors-Is There an Audible Difference?" (Russell 0. Hamm. JAES 21. 4 (May 1973)) . . . . . . . . . . . . K. Sleven Mintz 651

Comments on ''On Chaffs'' (W~lliam Hoskins, JAES 21, 4 (May 1973)) and "Model Railroad Sound System" (Herbelt 'T. Chaud~cie, JAES 20, X (October 1972)) . . D. A. Kcrr 651

More on Audio Education (A. H. Clegg, JAES 21, 5 (June 1973)) and "What is thc Need for Univer- sity Level Education in Audio?" (I. R. Ashley, JAES 21, 3 (April 1973)) Geoffrey L. Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reply to Comments on Audio Education Almon H. Clegg 652

Feedback on Clavichords (Kalph W. Rrirhan~. JAI-S 21, 6 (luiy/August 1973)) . . Kalph W. B ~ ~ r h a n s 652

DEPARTMENTS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Review of Acoustical Patenls ... 662 Sound Track 670

. . . . C. G. McProud, 46th Convention Shopping the Audio Market 674 ........... . . . . . . . . . . . Banquet Speech 657 Available Literature 680

News of the Sections .......... 668 Membership Inforn~ation . . . . . . 682

EDITORIAL BOARD ~ J. R. Ashley M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder R. Blesser R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy R. H. Small R. W. Burhans J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight I. B. Thomas D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog E. L. Torick J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. von Recklinghausen E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward

Robert 0. Febr Editor Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Evelyn A. Moms Associate Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager Edwin S. Bergamini Contributing Editor Iugeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor


Journal of the Audio Engineer~ng Society, Volume 21. No. 8, October, 1973. Published monthly except January/February and July/August when published bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication office, 124 East 40th Street, New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office. Room 929. Lincoln Building. 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York. N.Y. and at additional mail ing offices. Subrcriptinn to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1973 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science &Technology Index. The Journal o f the Audio Engineering Society hereby grants permission to reprint i n part, any paper i n this issue if direct permission is obtained from its author(s) and credit is given to the author(s) and this journal. An author, or his research affil iate may reproduce his paper i n ful l crediting this journal. This permission is not assignable. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and i ts cover design has been registered as a trademark in the United States Patent Off~ce.

OFFICERS 1973-74 John J. Bubbers President John M. Eargle President-Elect John M. Woram Vice President, Eastern

Region Duane H. Cooper Vice President, Central

Region Leon Wortman Vice President, Western

Reglon Peter Burkowitz, Vice President, Europe

Region Stephen F. Temmer Vice President, Inter-

national Donald J. PIunkett Secretary Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer

BOARD OF GOVERNORS Hugh S. Allen, Jr. George W. Bartlett Barry A. Blesser Ray M. Dolby W. Rex Isom James H. Kogen Donald W. Powers EmiI L. Torick J, G. Woodward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN b. M. Woram Admissions J. G. U'oodward Awards H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy A. E. Gruber Finance D. 3. Plunkett Headquarters Administrative D. J. Plunkett Historical J. M. Eargle Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library J. H. Kogen Membership H, S, Allen, Jr. Nominations D. H. Cooper Publications Policy W. R. Isom Standards R. M. Dolby Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS Atlanta British Central Europe Chicago (Midwest) Japan Los AngeIes New York City San Francisco Toronto (Canada) Washington, D.C.



JOURNAL OF THE

AUOlO ENGINEERING SOCIETY VOLUME 21 NUMBER 9 NOVEMBER 1973

The Delay Plane, Objective Analysis of Subjective Properties-Part I Richard C. Heyser 696

Rate-Feedback Binary Counters in Musical Scale Generation . . C. W. Small 762

The Pitfalls of the General-Purpose IC Operational Amplifier as Applied to Audio Signal Processing ............................ Walter G, Jung 706


.................. Some Thoughts on Cassette Duplication M. B. Martin 715

Subminiature Electret Microphone in a Tie Tac .......... Alan R. Watson 719

.................................. Noise and Uncle Weems L. Clevenger 724

Estimating Noise Exposure for Site Selection and Exterior Wall Design, Harold R. Mull 726

FORUM

On the Svnthesis of Closed-Box Svsten~s Using Available Drivers (R. H. kmall, JAES 20, 10 (December 1972)and

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JAES 21, 1 (January/February 1973)) K. P. Zacharia 729

More o n . .. Measuring the Directivity Factor, " Q ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Don Davis, JAES 21, 7 (September 1973)) Don Davis 730

DEPARTMENTS

...... Four Faces of Convention 732 The Need for an Audio ......... Engineering Society? 766 Complete 46th Convention Sound Track ................. 772 .................. Program 746 Shopping the Audio Market . . . . 776

. . . . . . . . . . . How It All Began ............ 762 Available Literature 778 ....... Membership Information 780

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. R. Ashley M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy R. H. Small R. W. Burhans J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight I. B. Thomas D. H. Coopa P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog E. L. Torick J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin D. R. vou Recklinghausem E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch R. E. Owen J. G. Woodward

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Evelyn A. Morris Associate Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager Edwin S. Bergamini Contributing Editor Ingeborg M. Stochmd Copy Editor


Journal of the Audio Engineering Society. Volume 21, No. 9. November. 1973. Published monthiy except January/February and JulY/August when publ ished bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied t o a l l members i n good standing. Pub l ica t~on office, 124 East 40th Street New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, ~ e $ York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage pa id a t New York. N.Y. and a t additional ma i l i ng offices. Subscr ip t~on to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1973 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed i n the Applied Science &Technology Index. The Journal of t he Audio Engineering Society hereby grants permission t o repr int i n part, any paper i n th is issue i f direct permission i s obtained f r om i ts author(s) and credit is given t o t he autfior(s) and th is journal. An author, o r h i s research affi l iate may reproduce h is paper i n fu l l c red~ t i ng this journal. This permission is n o t assignable. The "Journal of t he Audio Engineering Society" and i ts cover design has been registered as a t rademark i n the United States Patent Office.




Region Peter Burkowitz, Vice President, Europe


national Donald J. Plunkett Secretary Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer

BOARD OF GOVERNORS Hugh S. Allen, Jr. George W. Bartlett Barry A. Blesser Ray M. Dolby W. Rex Isom James H. Kogen Donald W. Powers Emil L. Torick J. G. Woodward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN J. M. Woram Admissions J. G. Woodward Awards H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Headquarters Administrative D. J. Plunkett Historical J. M. Eargle Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library J. H. Kogen Membership H. S. Allen, Jr. Nominations D. H. Cooper Publications Policy W. R. Isom Standards R. M. Dolby Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS Atlanta British Central Europe Chicago (Midwest) Japan Los Angeles New York City San Francisco Toronto (Canada) Washington, D.C.



JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY VOLUME 21 NUMBER 10 DECEMBER 1973

The Delay Plane, Objective Analysis of Subjective Properties: Part II Richard C. Heyser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786

Phase Difference and Sound Image Localization Takeshi K. Matsudaira and Takeshi Fukami . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792

Development of an Advanced Fe,O; Cassette Tape Coafiiig . . . . . . F. J. Sischka 798

Designing an Auditorium Sound Reinforcement System ... .Peter D. Hiscocks 809

The Precedence Effect in Sound Localization (Tut~rial Reprint) Hans Wallach, Edwin B. Newrnm, and Mark K. Rosenzweig . . . . . . . . . . . . 817

FORUM

Further Comments on Directivity Factor (Don Davis, JAES 21, 7 (September 1973) and JAES 21, 9 (November 1973))

........................................................ Don Davis 827

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Directivity Factor: " Q or "R,"? Geoirrey L. Wilson 828

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Still More on Audio Education .Percy Wilson 833

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . School Phase Out Ray Janos 834

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ways to Four-Channel Richard 6. Cabot 834

DEPARTMENTS

How Caruso's Voice Shattered Shopping !he Audio Market . . . . 849 Wine Glasses ................ 836 . . . . . . ... Review of Acoustical Patents 838 Membership Information 85 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N~~~ of ~~~~i~~~~ g42 En Manoriurn 854 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sound Track 846 Index to Volume 21 855

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager

Pngeborg M. Stochrnal Copy Editor

Journal of t he Audio Engineering Society. Volume 21. No. 10, December, 1973. Published month ly except January/February and July/August when published bi-monthly, by t he Audio Engineering Society and supplied t o al l members i n good standing. Publication office, 124 East 40th Street, New York, N.Y. 10016. Executive office, Room 929, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage p a ~ d a t New York, N.Y. and a t add~t lona! mai l lng offices. SubscriptionJo,nonmernbers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1973 by the Audio Engineering Soclety. The Journal 17 Indexed !n the ApplLed Sc~ence & Technology Index. The Journal o f the A u d ~ o Englneer~ng Society hereby grants permission t o repr int i n part , any paper i n th is issue i f direct permission is obtained f rom i ts author(s) and credit i s given t o the author(s) and th is journal. An author, or h is research affiliate may reproduce h is paper i n f u l l credit ing th is journal. This permission is not assignable. The "Journal of t he Audio Engineering Society" and i ts cover design has been registered as a t rademark i n the United States Patent Office.







BOARD OF GOVERNORS Hugh S. Allen, Jr. George W. Bartlett Barry A. BIesser Ray M. Dolby W. Rex Isom James H. Kogen Donald W. Powers Emil L. Torick J. G. Woodward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN J. M. Woram Admissions J. G. Woodward Awards H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy A. E. Gmber Finance D. J. Plunkett Headquarters Administrative D. 3. Plunkett Historical 3. M. Eargle Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library J. H. Kogen Membership H. S. Allen, Jr. Nominations D. H. Cooper Publications Policy W. R. Isom Standards R. M. Dolby Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS Atlanta Belgian Boston British Europe (Region) Chicago (Midwest) Indianapolis Japan Los Augeles Nashville New York San Francisco Toronto (Canada) Washington D.C.


SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts, editorial and advertising cormspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering Society Journal, 124 East 40th Street, New Yoi-k 10016. Address all other Society business to the Audio Engineering Society, Inc., Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017. Membership information and back copies may be obtained from either office.

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY VOLUME 22 NUMBER 1 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 1974

ARTICLES

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A Program-Controlled Noise Filter Robert Orban 2

. . . . On Aural Phase Detection: Part 1 Villy Hansen and Erik Rorbaek Madsen 10

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Speech Acoustics for the Theatre (Reprint) David L. Klepper 15

PROJECT NOTES/ENGIMEERING BRIEFS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . An Investigation of Quantization Noise Barry Blesser 20

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LSI Reality in Consumer Electronics David A. Jones 22

FORUM

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . More About "Tubes Versus Transistors" Roy H. Trumbull 24 (R. 0. Hamm, JAES 21, 4 (May 1973) and R. S. Mintz, JAES 21, 8 (October 1973))

............ Reply to "More About Tubes Versus Transistors" R. S. Mintz 24

An Interpolator for Reading Plots in Technical Journals meprint) Robert L. Wolke

DEPARTMENTS

47th AES Convention (Copenhagen) Publication Award Sets Precedent 48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exhibitors 30 News of the Sections 50

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52nd NAB Convention SoundTrack 58 Exhibitors .................. 35 Shopping the Audio Market . . . . 62

. . . . . . . . . . . . Review of Acoustical Patents . . . . 36 Available Literature 70 ........ Message from the President: Membership Informacron 73

Whither? .................. 46 In Memorium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

EDITORIAL BOARD


Robert 0. Fehr Editor Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus

Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager

Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society Volume 22, No 1 January/February, 1974. Published monthly except '~anuary /~ebruary and j u l y / ~ u g u s t whe;l bublished bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication and Executive Off~ces, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 1001/. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at additional mail ing offices. Subscription to .nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1974 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal IS indexed in the Applies Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society hereby grants permission to reprint i n part, any paper i n this issue if d~ rec t permission is obtained from its author(s) and c red i t i s given to the authodsi and t h ~ s Journal. An author. o r his research affilrate may reproduce h ls paper In fulI &editing this Journal. This ermission is not assignable. The "Journal of the-Audio Engineering Society" and i ts cover design have been registered as a trademark in the Unlted States Patent Office.








COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN J. M. Woram Admissions J. G. Woodward Awards H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Headquarters Administrative D. J. Plunkett Historical J. M. Eargle Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library J. H. Kogen Membership H. S. Allen, Jr. Nominations D. H. Cooper Publications Policy W. R. Isom Standards R. M. Dolby Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS Atlanta Belgian Boston British Chicago (Midwest) Europe (Region) Indianapolis Japan Los Angeles Nashville New York San Francisco Toronto (Canada) Washington D.C.


SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts, editorial and advertising correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering Society Journal, 124 East 40th Street, New York 10016. Address all other Society business to the Audio Engineering Society, Inc., Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017. Membership information and back copies may be obtained from either office.

JOURNAL OF THE 1 AUDIO ENGlllEERlNG SOCIETY VOLUME 22 NUMBER 2 MARCH 1974 1 ARTICLES 1 QFR.IY - Quadruplex FM Transmission Using the 4-4-4 QMX Matrix System

Duane H. Cooper 82 1 New Methods of Automated Flutter Analysis . . K. 0. Bader and Barry Blesser 88

Submilriature Directional Microphones . Elmer V. Carlson and Mead C. Killion 92


A Tabular Tuning Method for Vented Enclosures . . . . . . . . . . D. B. Keele, Jr. 93 I

Electret Microphone and Preamplifier Combination for Experimental Telephone Handset Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. R. Nelson 100

FORUM

Still More on "Still More or, Audio Education" . . . . . . . . . . . (Percy Wilson, JAES 21, 10 (December 1973)) John W o r m 102

Reply to Messrs. Wilson and Wilson: A Commentary on Audio Education (Geofrey Wilson, JAES 21, 8, (October 1973) and Percy Wilson, JAES 21, 10.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (December 1973)) Paul S. Moverman 103

Conlments on 'The Delay Wane, Objective Analysis of Subjective Properties: Part I"

. . . . . . . . (K. C. Heyser, JAES 21. 9 (November 1973)). Michael A. Gerzon 104

. . . . . . . . . . Reply to Comments on "The Delay Plane" Richard C. Heyser 105

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The hJltimate LSEE Loudspeaker 0. Gadfly Hurtz 106

DEPARTMENTS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outward and Upward with AES Sound Track 130 -Editoriail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Shopping the Audio Market .... 132

Mixing Musical Art and . . . . . . . . . . Technology 112 Available Literature 1 3 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Review of Acoustical Patents, . . 116 Membership Information . . - - . . 138

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . News of the Sections . . . . . . . . . . 124 In Memoriam 144

EDITORIAL BOARD



Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager


Journal of the Audio Enginee/ing Society, Volume 22 , No. 2, March, 1974. Published monthly except January/February and July/August when published bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineer~ng Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publicat~on and Executive Offices. Lincoln Building. 60 East 42nd.Street! New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at additional rna i l~ng offlces. Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1974 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society hereby grants permission to reprint i n part. any paper i n this issue i f direct permission is obtained from its author(s) and credit is given to the author(s) and this Journal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce h is paper i n ful l crediting this Journal. This ermission is not assignable. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and its cover design have been registered as a trademark in the United States Patent Office.







BOARD OF GOVERNORS Hugh S. Allen, Jr. George W. Bartlett Bany A. Blesser Ray M. Dolby W. Rex Isom James H. Kogen Donald W. Powers Emil L. Torick 3. G. Woodward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN J. M. Woram Admissions J. G. Woodward Awards H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Headquarters Administrative D. J. Plunkett Historical 3. M. Eargle Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library J. H. Kogen Membership H. S. Allen, Jr, Nominations D. H. Cooper Publications Policy W. R. Isom Standards R. M. Dolby Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS Atlanta - Belgian 8 Boston British Chicago ofidwest) Europe (Region) French Indianapolis * Japan Los Angeles Nashville * New York San Francisco Toronto (Canada) Washington D.C.


SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts, editorial and advertising correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering Society Journal, 124 East 40th Street, Xew York 10016. Address all other Society business to the Audio Engineering Society, Inc., Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St.: New York, N.Y. 10017. Membership information and back copies mag be obtained from either office.

JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO ENGIIIEERING SOGIETV VOLUME 22 NUMBER 3 APRIL 1974

ARTICLES

Sources of the Constant T~olome Velocity and Their Use for Acoustic Xleasurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tomas Salatra 146

Low-Frequency Loudspeaker Assessment by Nearfield Sound-Pressure Mea- surement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. B. Keele, Jr. I54

Design Considerations for a Demountable Coucert Enclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Syn~phonic Shell) (Reprlntj Chrisropher Jaffe 163

PROJECT MOTESjEPlGlNEERlNG BRIEFS

Optimizing Tape Transport Motion Control Using Operational-Amplifier Analog Signal Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . James C. Strick!and 172

FORUM

. . . . More on the Measurement of the Directivity Factor Geoffrey L. WiIsorr 180 (Don Davis, Geoffrey L. Wilson, JAES 21, 10 (December 1973))

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DeVry Helps Fill a Void David J. Pastrmo 186 (Ray Janos, J.%ES 21, 10 (December 1973))

On Phase Difference and Sound Image Localization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . Takeshi K. Matsudaira artd Takeshi F u k m i 186 (JAW 21, 10 (December 1973))

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missed Connection R. N. Goodman 186

On Considerations in the Development of an Advanced Fe2Qc Cassette Tape Coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F. I. Sisehka 186 (JAES 21: 10 (December 1973))

DEPARTMENTS

. . . . . . . . . . Exhibits Preview-48th News of the Sections 242: Convention . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Calendar of Events ........ 210 Membership Information .... 220

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipseh M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas M. Camras 3. M. Hollywood J. G. McICnight E. L. Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Reeklinghausen 3. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mnllin J. G. Woodward


Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Mmapcr Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor

Journal of t he Audio Engineering Society Volume 22 No. 3 Apri l 1974. Published monthly except January/February and July/August whe; published h i -mo i t h l y 6y the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members i n good standing, Pub l~cat ion anh Executive Offices, Lincoln Bui ld- ing, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 1001/. Second class postage pa id a t New York, N.Y. and a t additional mai l ing offices. Subscription t o nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1974 by t he Audio Erigineer~ng Society. The Jourrial is ~ndexed i n the Applied Science ii Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society hereby grants permission t o repr int i n part, any paper i n th is issue i f direct permission is obtained f rom i ts author(s) and credit is given to t he author(s) and th is Journal. An author, o r his research affi l iate may reproduce his paper i n fu l l credit ing th is Journai. This ermission is not assignable. The "Journal of t he Audio Engineering Society" and i t s c w e r design have been registered as a trademark i n the United States Patent Office.

OFFICERS 1973-74 Xohn J. Bubbers Plesident John M. Earple President-Elect John M. Woram Vice President, Eastern

Rcgion Duane H. Cooper Vrce President, Central

Region Leon Wortman Vrce president, Western

Regron Peter Borkowitz V ~ c e President, Furope

Regron Stephen F. Temmer Vice President. Tnter-

national Donald J. Pll~nkett Secretary Arthur E. Gri~ber Treasurer

BOARD OF GOVERNORS Hug11 S. Allen, Jr. George W. Bartlett Barry A. Hleswr Ray M. Dolby W. Rex l s o ~ u James H. Kogen Donald W. Power4 Ernil L. Torick I. C. Woodward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN J. M. Woram Admissions J. C . Woodwurd Awards H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Ylunkett Headquarters Administrative U. J. I'lonkett Historical J. M. Eargle Laws & Re\olutions \Vs H. Freitag Library J. El. Kogen Mcmbersliip H. S Allen, Jr. Nominations D. H. Cooper Publications Policy W. R. lsom Standards R. M. Dolby Sustaining Mcmhershipr W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS Atlanta . Belgian Boston - British Chicago (Midwest) Europe (Region) French - Indianapolis 8 Japan Los Angeles Nashville New York San Francisco Toronto (Canada) Wa5hington D.C.


SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts, editorial and advertising correspondence \horuld be sent to E'ditolial Officcs, Audio Engineering Society Journal, 60 East 42nd Street. New Yolk 10017. Address all other Society Fuwness to the Audio Engineeiing Society. Inc., Lincoln Bnilding, 60 Ead 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017. Membership information and back copies may be obtained from either office.

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY VOLUME 22 NUMBER 4 MAY 1974

ARTICLES

. . . . . . . . . . The Legal Aspects of Magnetic Tape Recordings Ilugh D. Ford 226

Intelligibility E~lhancemerlt of Already Noisy Speech Signals Ian R. Thomas and A. Raviildran 231

A Subminiature Electret-Condenser Micmphonc of New Design Mead C. Killiotl and Elmer V. Carlsoil 237


Transient Inten~~odulation Distortion in Commercial Audio Amplifiers Natti Otala and Kaimo Ensomaa 244

The Application of Holography in the Analysis of Vibrations of Loudspeaker Diaphragnls .......................................... Jan Hladky 247

DEPARTMENTS

.......... Rosetta Stone-Editorial News of the Sections 294 Richard C. Heyser ........ 251 Sound Track ................ 300

47/74 Conveiltion Report .... 252 Shopping the Audio Markct .... 302 Cornplcte 47th Convention . . . . . . . . . . .................. program 270 Available Literature 306 Review of Acoustical Patents .. 28% Membership Information ...... 308

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P, !I/ . Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Alesscr M. H. Gardner J. H. Kogcn R. H. Small

R. W. Burharrs R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy 1. B. Thomas M. Caniras J. M. Hollywood J. G. RlcKnight E. I,. Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klcpper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

Robert 0. Fehr Fd i to~ Harry F. Olson Editor Fmcl~tus Jacqoeline Harvey Manag~ng Editor Patricia M. Macdo~iald Advertising Manager

lugeborg M. Stoch~iial Copy Fditor

Journal of t he Audio Engineering Society, Volume 22, No. 4, May, 1974. Published month ly except Januaryl february and July/August when publlslied bt-monthly, by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied t o al l members i n good standing. Publication and Executive Offices, Lincoln Build- ing, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10015. Second class postage paid a t New York, N.Y. and a t addittonal n r a ~ l ~ r i g of l lces. Subscrrptlon i o norlrrrenrbers. $30.00 per year. Czpyright 1974 by t he Audlo knr ineer lna Socletv. l ~ h e Journal is indexed In the Aoolied Science 8.. Technoloev Index. The Journal lot the & d ~ o trygt l reer~ng Soclely hereby grants'Gerrntssion t o repr int i n ;;a&, any paper In th ls i s w e i t direct permission 15 obtained t r am i ts author(s) and cred1t . t~ g lven t o t he author(s) and th ls Journal. An author, o r h ~ s research affl l late may reprocluce h is paper I n f u l l c red~ t l ng th ls Journal. Ttirs pernllssrort 1s rtot ass~pnable. The "Journal of the Audlo Englneer~ng Society" and ~ t s cover deslgn have beer] reg~stered as a trademark I n the Unlted States Patent Offtce.



Region Leon Wortman Vice presidcnt, Westcrn

Region Peter Burkowitz Vice President, Europe


national Donald J. Plunkett Secretary Arthur E. Cruber Treasurer


COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN J. M. Woram Admissions J. G. Woodward Awards H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Headquarters Administrative D. I. Plunkett Historical J. M. Eargle Laws & Resolutions W. 11. Freitag Library J. H. Kogen Membership H. S. Allen, Jr. Nominations D. H. Cooper Publications Policy W. R. Isom Standards R. M. Dolby Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS Atlanta Belgian Boston British Chicago (Midwest) Europe (Region) French Indianapolis Japan Los Angeles Nashville New York San Francisco Toronto (Canada) Washington D.C.


SOCIETY COMMUNlCATlONS Manuscripts, editorial and advertising correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering Society Journal, 60 East 42nd Street, New York 10017. Address all other Society business to the Audio Engineering Society, Inc., Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017. Membership information and back copies may be obtained from either office.

JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY VOLUME 22 NUMBER 5 JUNE 1974

ARTICLES

The Influence of Room Boundaries on Loudspeaker Power Output Roy F. Allison 314

Field-Type Acoustic Wattmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Harry F. Olson 321

The Acoustical Effect of Various Factors on the Frequency Response of a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hearing Aid Gerald A. Studebaker 329


Low-Cost Comb Filter Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ralph W. Burhans 335

FORUM

Tubes Versus Transistors: A Further Comment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Russell 0. Hamm, JAES 21, 4 (May 1993)) W. J. J. Hoge 338

The Post Ultimate LSH Loudspeaker . . . . . . . . . . . . (0. Gadfly Hurtz, JAES 22, 2 (March 1974)) I. Rogue Acoustin 338

On "The Ultimate LSH Loudspeaker" . . . . . . . . . . . . (0 . Gadfly Hurtz, JAES 22, 2 (March 3974)) D. David Decibel 339

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Joel Tall 339 .................................... Dale B. Watts 339

DEPARTMENTS

. . . . . . Audio Charisma Turns on in L.A. 340 Elcctronic Treasure Hunt 380 ................ 48th Convention Program ...... 354 Sound Track 382

. . . . . . . . . . Review of Acoustical Patents .... 368 News of the Sections 386 . . . . ...... 49th Convention Seminars 373 Shopping the Audio Market 390

.......... 49th Convention Calendar ...... 374 Available Literature 392 Wilms on Membership in Europe 376 Membership Information . . . . . . 394

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardncr J. H. Kogen R. H. Small

R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy 1. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick

D. H. Cooper P. Kautrowitz R. A. Moog ID. R. von Recklinghausen

1. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. 6. Woodward



Journal o f the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 22, No. 5, June, 1974. Published monthly except January/February and July/August when published hi-monthly by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication anh Executive Offices. Lincoln Build- ing, 60 East 42nd Street,New York, N.Y, 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and a t additional mailing offlces. Subscrlptlon t o nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1974 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audlo Engineering Society hereby grants permission to reprint in part, any paper i n this issue i f dlrect permlsslon is obtained from its author(s) and credit is given to the author(s) and this Journal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce his paper in fu l l crediting th is Journal. This permission 1s not assignable. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and i ts cover design have been registered as a trademark in the United States Patent Offtce.



Region Leon Wortman Vice president, Western


Region Stephen F. T e n l ~ m r Vice President, Inter-

national Donald J. Plnnkett Secretary Arthur E. Grober Treasurer

BOARD OF GOVERNORS Hugh S. Allen, Jr. George W. Bartlett Barry A. Blesser Ray iVf. Dolby W. Rex Isom James H. Kogen Donald W. Powers Emil L. Torick J. G. Woodward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN J. M. Woram Admissions J. G. Woodward Awards H. S. Allen, Jr. Conventioil Policy A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Headquarters Administrative D. J. Pluukett Historical J. M. Eargle Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library J. H- K~lgen Membership H. S. Allen, Jr. Nominations D. H. Cooper Publications Policv W. R. Isom Standards R. M. Dolby Sustaining Memberships \?('. H. Freitag Tellera

SECTIONS Atlanta Belgian Boston British Chicago (Midwest) Europe (Region) French - Indianapolis Japan Los Angeles Nashville New York San Francisco Toro~do (Canada) Washington D.C.

ADMINISTRATION Dorothy H. Spronrk Administrative Secretary

SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts, editorial and advertising correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering Society Journal, 60 East 42nd Street, New 'l'ork 10017. Address all other Society business t o the Audio Engineering Society, Inc., Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017. Membership information and back copies may be obtained from either office.

JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO ENGIWEE111NIi SOCIETY - - - -- -

AUDIO /ACOUSTICS /APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 22 NUMBER 6 JULY/AUGUST 1914

ARTICLES

Corrchtiun Between Subiective and Objective Data for Quality TJoudspeakers Henrik StaKeldt 482

The CD-4 Mark-II lModulatio~~ System E asumori Kokubun, S:tdaI~iho Muramoto and Johx M. Bargb 416

Walsh Fi~nctions nu Waveform Synthesizers ...................... E Insam 422

Smoothing the Hearing Aid Frequency Response .............. E. V. Carlsora 426

FORUM

A Rosetta Tone? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Don Davis 438 (Richard C. Heyser, JAES 22, 4 (May 1979))

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rocks of Gibrallar Roy H. Tni~nbuil 438 (K. N. Goodman, JAES 22, 3 (April 1974))

Audio Arts for Non-Engineers ........................ Ralph W. Burhalls 438 (John Worm, Yriul S. Movcrman & 'Wixing Musical Art and Techi~ulogy," JAES 22, 2 (March 1974))

DEPARTMENTS

Irr Pursuit of Significant Technical Papers-Editalial . . . . . . . . . . . John J. Bubbers 432

Journey to L~lnd: An Acoustical Adventure .................. 434

Loan Collections at 47/74 Honor Danish Audio Pioneers ...... 438

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standards 445

... Review of Acoustical Patcnrs 446

Exh~blt Previews-49th Conven- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tion 464

.......... Ncws of- the Sections 476

............... Sound Track 482 Avaihble Litelamre . . , , 488

. . . . . Rlernhe~ship Information 394

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P, W. KIipsch M. R. Schroeder

R. Blesser 1M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small

R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollyoc.ood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick

D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von ReckIinghaplsen

J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward


Ingcborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor

Journal of the Audio ~ n ~ i n e e r i n g Society, Volume 22 No. 6, July/August, 1974. Published monthly except JanuaryJFebruary and JulyJAugust when publl<hed bi-monthly by the Audio Engineering Soclety and supplied to all rnembers in good standing. l~ubl icat lon and Execut~ve Off~ces. Lincoln Buildtng, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017 Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at additional rna~l ing offices. Subscr~ptlonto nonmenrbers,$30.00 per year. Copyright 1974 by the Audio Engineering Soclety. The Journal ,IS Indexed in the Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio Engineering Soclety hereby grants permission to reprlnt i n part, any paper in this Issue i f direct perrniss~on IS obtalned from ~ t s author(s) and credit is Elver? to t h e author(s) and this Journal. An author, or his research affiliate rnay reproduce his paper i n fu l t crediting t h ~ s Journal. This perrrlisslon is not assignable. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and its cover design have been registered as a trademark in the Unlted States Patent Office.

OFFICERS 1973-74 John J. Bubbers President John M. Eargle President-Elect John M. Woram Vice President, Eastelm


Region Leon Wortman Vice president, Western


Region Stephen F. Temnler Vice President, Inter-



COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN J. M. Woram Admissions J. G. Woodward Awards H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Headquarters Administrative D. J. Ylunkett Historical J. M. Eargle Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library 5. H. Kogen Membership H. S. Allen, Jr. Nominations D. H. Cooper Publications Policy W. R. Isom Standards R. M. Dolby Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS Atlanta Belgian Hnston British Chicago (Midwest) Europe (Region) French Indianapolis Japan Los Angeles Nashville New York San Francisco Toronto (Canada) Washington Q.C.

SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Manuscripts, editorial and advertising correspondence should be sent to Editorial Offices, Audio Engineering Society Journal, 60 East 42nd Street, New York 10017. Address all other Society business to the Audio Engineering Society, Inc., Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017. Membership information and back copies may be obtained from either office.



ARTICLES

Measurement of Phonograph Cartridges by the Pulse-Twin Method Teruo Muraoka, Hideo Onoye and Akin Takayanagi 502

Dropout Identification and Cleaning Methods for Magnetic Tape D. E. Cornstock, R. D. Misner, E. A. Roberts and R. E. Zenner 511

A Long-Life Sapphire Stylus for Discrete Qnadraphonic Discs Takeshi Nagai, Kiyotaka Wasa and Shigeru Hayakawa 521

. . . . . . Hearing Damage from Music-United Kingdom Expcricncc Alex Burd 514

. . . . . . . . . . . . An Environmental Noise Classifier and Its Use Jerry Donovan 528

FORUM

Power Output for Spccch Reinforcenrerlt Amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . Daniel Queen 535

The Presentation of Statistical Information on a Circle . . Michael A. Gerzon 536

DEPARTMENTS

................. Call Por Papers-Slst AES Con- Sound Track 572 vent'on, Angeles 1975 .... 538 Upcoming Events ............. 577

Review of Acoustical Patents ... 542 Shopping the Audio Market 578 ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . A 7 ale of 3 Medal5 554

Available Literature ........... 5 8 1 Bibliography of Audio Techniques

.................. and Issues 559 Membership Information ....... 583

New\ oP Lhe Seclions 566 111 Memollam 588 ................. ..........

EDITORIAL BOARD

I. R. Ashley E. J. Foster p. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder

B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small

R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas M. Canlras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick

1). H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Reeklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper I. T. Mullin J. 6. Woodward

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus I

Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Advertising Manager I Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor

Journal o f the Audio Engineering Society Volume 22 No. 7. September, 1974. Published monthly except January/February and ~ u l ~ / ~ u ~ u ; t when puglished hi-monthly by the Audio Eng~neering Society and supplied to all members in good stand~ng. Pub l~ca t~on and Executive Offices. Lincoln Build~np. 60 East 42nd- Street. New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at add~tional m a i l ~ n g off~ces. Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1974 by the Audio Englneer~ng Soc~ety. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Sclence &Technology Index. The Journal of the Audlo Eng~neering Society hereby grants permission to reprlnt In part, any payer I r r i l l i s issue ~f d~ rec t permiss~on is obtained from its author(s) and cl-edlt IS given to the author(s) and this Journal. An author, or i l ls research a f f ~ l ~ a t e may reproduce his paper i n fu l l crediting this Journal. This errrlisslon is not ass~gnable. The "Journal of the Audio l!nginiring Sqciety" and ~ t s cover design have been registered as a trademark i n the United States Patent Off~ce.

OFFICERS 1974-75 John M. Eargle President Duane H. Cooper President-Elect John M. Woram Vice President, Eastern

Region Peter W. Tappan Vice President, Central





BOARD OF GOVERNORS Hugh S. Allen, Jr. J. Robert Ashley Barry A. Blesser John J. Bubbers W. Rex Isom John T. Mullin Donald 1;. Richter Emil L. Torick J. G. Woodward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Peter W. Tappan Admissions Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Awards Peter Burkowitz Education H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Headquarters Administrative D. J. Plunkett Historical J. M. Eargle Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library John T. Mullin Membcrship John J. Bubbers Nominations Barry A. Blesser Publications Policy W. R. Isom Standards Douald L. Richter Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS Atlanta Belgian * Boston British Chicago (Midwest) * Danish Europe Region) * French * Indianapolis Japan Los Angeles Nashville Netherlands Net* York San Francisco Toronto (Canada) Washington D.C.


JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO ENG IEERIIG SOCIETY VOLUME 22 NUMBER 8 OCTOBER 1974

ARTICLES

Passive-Radiator Loudspeaker Systems Part T: Analysis . . . . Richard H. Small 592

Noise Behavior of Paralleled Linear A~nplifiers . . . . . . . . . . T. Ken Matsudaira 602

Mine Mark 24: World War 11 Acoustic Torpedo . . . . . . . . . . Mark B. Gardner 614

PROJECT NOTES

Electronic Reverberation Equipment in the Stockholm Concert Hall Stellan Dahlstedt 627

A Quasi-Linear Frequency Divider Robert W. Byren, Nikolai Ebephardt, and John W. Steckel 632

FORUM

On a "Rosetta Sfone" for Acoustic Recordings . . . . . . . . . . (Richard C. Heyser, JAES 22, 4 (May 1974)) Michael A. Gerzon 638

Good Schools Never Die; They Juqt Change Their Names @avid J. Pasirino, JAES 22, 3 (April 1974)) . . . . . . . . Waldemar Horizny 638

DEPARTMENTS

Call for Papers-50th AES Con- Midwestern Acoustical Con- vention. London 1975 ........ 636 ference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650

Bibliography of Audio Techniques Sound Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658 and Issues .................. 639 Available Literature ........... 660

Review of Acoustical Patents ... 642 Shopping the Audio Market . . . . 662 ...... .......... News of the Sections 650 Membership Information 666

. . . . . . . . . . . . Calendar of Events 666

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. HolIywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullm J. G. Woodward



Journal of the Audio Engineering Society Volume 22, No. 8 October, 1974. Published monthly except January/February and ~ u l ~ / ~ u ~ u s ~ when published bimonthly, by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication and Executive Offices, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and a t additional mail ing offices. Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1974 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal IS indexed in the Applied Science &Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio Engineer~ng Society hereby grants permission to reprlnt i n part. any paper In thls Issue ~f direct permlsslon is obtained from ~ t s author(s) and credit IS glven to the author(s) and this Journal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce his paper i n fu l l crediting this Journal. This permission is not assignable. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and its cover design have been registered as a trademark in the United States Patent Office.

OFFICERS 1974-75 John M. Eargle President Duane H. Cooper t'res~dent-Elect John M. Woram Vice President, Faslern

Region Peter W. Tappan Vice I'res~dent, Central

Regron Leon Wortman Vice President, Western

Region Peter Uurkowitz Vice President, Europe

Region Stephen F. I'emmer Vice President, Inter-

national Donald W. Powers Secrctary Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer

BOARD OF GOVERNORS Hugh S. Allen, Jr. J. Robert Ashley Barry A. Ulesser John J. Bubbers W. Rex Isorn John T. Mullin Donald L. Richter Emil L. Torick J. G. Woodward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Peter W. Tappan Admissions Elugh S. Allen, Jr. Awards Peter Burkowitz Education H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy A. IT. Gruber Finance D. J. Piunkett Headquarters Administrative D. J. Ylnnkett Historical J. M. Eargle Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library John T. Mnllin Me~nbership John J. Rubbers Nominations Barry A. 1l.lesser Publications Policy W. R. Isom Standards Donald L. Richter Snstaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS Atlanta - Belgian - Boston British Chicago (Midwest) Danish Europe (Kegion) French Indianapolis Japau Los Angeles: Nashville - Netherlands New York San Francisco Toronto (Canada) . Wa5hington D.C.

ADMINISTRATION Donald J. Plrinkett Fxecutive Director


JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOGIETY VOLUME 22 NUMBER 9 NQVEMBER 1974

ARTICLES

Geometrical Consideration5 of Subjecta~e Audio . . Richard C. Heyser 674

Passive-Radiator Loudspeaker Systems, Part 11: Synthesis . . Richard M. Small 683

Effects of Spectral Weighting of Speech in Hearing-Tmpaircd Subjects Ian R . Thoma\ and Barry Pfs ,~ncbxher 690

A Self-Contained Instrument for Sound-System Eqrvalization G. R. Thur~no~id 695

PROJECT NQTES/ENGINEERING BRIEFS

Equalization Simplified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ilarro K. Heinz 700

Meawrcment of Recorded Level and Cilanncl Separation on Phonograph Discs Using Optical lnterferon~ctry lcchniq~~es

T. Inouc, I. Owak~ , K. Ohba, S Nakn~nura and John hargle 70;

DEPARTMENTS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49th Convention Report 706 News of the Sections 742 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49th Convention Progranl 718 Sound Track 748

. . . . An Outline o.C Plans Present and Shopping the Audio Market 750 Future (Editorial) . . . . . . . . . . . 73 8 Mcnlbership Information . . . . . . 754

Olson Awarded ASA Silver Audio Engineering Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mec!;~l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740 Bylaws 759

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. K. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Kiipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Bicsser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogcn R. H. Small R. W. Surhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. I,. Torick D. H. Cooper Y. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen J. ikl. Eargle D. 1,. Klcpper J. T. Mulli~l J. G. Woodward

llobert 0. Fehr Editor Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Associate Editor

lngeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor

Journal of the Audlo Englneering Society, Volume, 22, No. 9, November, 1974. Published month ly except January/February and July/August when published bi-monthly, by the Audio Eng~neer ing Society and supplled t o al l melnbers i n good standing. Publication and Executive Offlces. Lincoln Bui ldlng 60 East 42nd Street New York. N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid a t New York, N.Y. and a t abdltlonal mai l ing offikes. Subscription to nonrnernbers. $30.00 per year. Copyright 1974 by the Audio Englneerlng Soclety. The Journal 1s indexed i n t he Applied Science & Technology Index. T h e Journal of t he Audlo Englneering Soc~ety hereby grants permission t o repr int i n part , any paper i n t h l s 15sue ~f d ~ r e c t perrniss~on i s obtained f r om i ts author(*) and credit is Eiven t o t he author(s) and th is Journal. An author, o r h ~ s research a f f i l ~a te may reproduce his paper i n fu l l c red i t~ng th is Journal. This errnission is not assignable. T h e "Journal of t h e Audio Enginkering Society" and ~ t s cover design have been registered as a trademark i n t he United States Patent Office.






national Donald W. Powers Secretary Arthur E. Gmber Treasurer

BOARDOFGOVERNORS Hugh S. Allen, Jr. J. Robert Ashley Barry A. Blesser John J. Buhbers W. Rex Isom John T. Mullin Donald L. Richter Emil L. Torick J. G. Woodward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Peter W. Tappan Admissions Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Awards Peter Burkowitz Education H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Headquarters Administrative D. J. Plunkett Historical J. M. Eargle Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library John T. Mullin Membership John J. Bubhers Nominations Barry A. Blesser P~~blications Policy W. R. Isom Standards Donald L. Richter Sustaining Mcmbcrships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS Atlanta . Belgian Boston - British Chicago (Midwest) Danish * Europe (Region) - French Indianapolis Japan Los Angeles Nashville Netherlands New York San Francisco Toronto IC---.a..\ a %xl..-L:--*-- - n t-nuoua, r r ' taxalr&grvu v . ~ .

ADMINISTRATION Donald J. Plunkctt Executjve Director


JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO ENGI#EERIHG SOGIETY AUDIO/ACOUSTICSIAPPLICATIONS

VOLUME 22 NUMBER 10 DECEMBER 1974

ARTICLES

. . . . . . . . . Practical Considerations of Active Filter Design Phillip E. Allen 770

On Aural Phase Detection: Part I1 . . Villy Hansen and Erik Rorbaek Madsen 783

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Performance Tradeoffs in Disk Recording James V. White 789

High-Fidelity Soilad System Eq~ralization by Analysis of Standing Waves ..................... .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Allen R. Groh 795

PROJECT NQTES/ENGINEERING BRIEFS

Long-Term Durability of Pickup Diamonds and Records Friedrich A. Loescher and Frank H. Hirsch 800

Mcasurememts of Bioplysiological Signals in the Audio Speckom Lawrence Zucker 806

DEPARTMENTS

. . . . . . . . . . ... Rcvrew of Acoustical Patents 816 News of the Sections 824

How to Wrlte the Date . . . . . . . . 819 Sound T r ~ ~ c k 533 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1975 Conventions Review State Available Literature ........... 836

o f t h c Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821 ..... Standards: Tlht: Conscience o~f Shoppin5 thc Audio Market 836

1-~lgineenng-Eclrtor~al . . . . . . 822 Index to Volume 22 . . . . . . . . . . . 841

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small

R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas .. P--+...-.- 1.1. %.a-LIW ". 1 A,A. n 1 --V.-J ..--" 1- r;. McUnigbt Ee 1,; Tnrick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklimghausen

J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mulliu J. G. Woodward


Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Associate Editor


Journal of the Audio Engineer~ng Society, Volume 22 No. 10. December 19/4. Published monthly except January/February and July/August when pudlished bi-monthly, b y the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good stand~ng. Publication and Executive Offices. Lincoln Bullding. 60 East 42nd Street, New York. N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York. N.Y. and at additional mailing off~ces. Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1974 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science &Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio Engineer~ng Society hereby grants permission to reprint in part, any paper in this Issue i f direct perm~ssion is obtained frorr~ its author(s) and credit IS given to the author(s) and this Journal. An author, o r his research af f i l~ate may reproduce his paper i n fu l l crediting th is Journal. This permiss~on is not assignable. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and its cover design have been registered as a trademark in the United States Patent Office.


Region Peter W. Tappan vice President, Central




national Donald W. Powers Secretary Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer

BOARDOFGOVERNORS Hugh S. Allen, Jr. J. Robert Ashley Barry A. Blesser John J. Bubbers W. Rex Isom John T. Mullin Donald E. Richter Emil L. Torick J. G. Woodward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Peter W. Tappan Admissions Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Awards Peter Burkowitz Education H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Headquarters Administrative D. J. Plunkett Historical J. M. Eargle Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library John T. Mullin Membership John J. Bubbers Nominations Barry A. Blesser Publications Policy W. R. Isom Standards Donald L. Richter Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS Atlanta Belgian Boston British ChIczg~ ( A W d ~ ~ Q + Danish c Eurepe (Region) French Indianapolis Japan Los Angeles Nashville Netherlands New York San Francisco Toronto (Canada) Washington D.C.

ADMINISTRATION Donald J. Plunkett Executive Director

SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Headquarters address: Audio Engineering Society, 60East42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 1001 7 (212-661-8528). Manuscripts, editorial, advertising and subscription correspondence should be addressed to Editorial Ofice (212-661-2355) at above address. West Coast Office: Audio Engineering Society, 1 19 16 Salem Drive, Granada Hills, Calif. 91344 (213-363-511 1).

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY VOLUME 23 NUMBER 1 JANUARYIFEBRUARY 1975

ARTICLES

NQRC Measurement of Subjective Aspects of Quadraphonic Sound Reproduction:-Part I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. G. Woodward 2

Low-Noise Reproducing Preamplifier for Professional Audio Recorders Zoltan Vajda 14

Electroacoustic Transducers with Eezoelectric High Polymer Films Masahiko Tamura, Tadahiro Yamaguchi, Takashi Oyaba, and Toshikazu Yoshimi 21

Development of Compound for QuadraDiscs Gregory A. Bogantz and Kumar Khanna 27

PROJECT NOTESIENGINEERING BRIEFS

Acoustic Energy Transformation in the Human Auditory System Sidney L. Silver 33

A Practical Theatrical Sound Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Charles Richmond 36

FORUM

TV in Audio Engineering Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .J. Robert Ashley 41

NQRC Listening Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Emil Torick 42

A New Way of Specifying Amplifier Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .J. M. Bowsher 42

DEPARTMENTS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Review of Acoustical Patents 46 News of the Sections 69 On Sections and Membership: SoundTrack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

A Significant Meeting and Available Literature. . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 a Growth Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Shopping the Audio Market . . . . . . 85

. . . . . . . . . . . . Shaping the Future of Audio 64 Membership Information.. 87

EDITORIAL BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Biesser M. B. Garriner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. vonRecklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Jacqueline Harvey Managing ~ d i t o r Patricia M. Macdonald Associate Editor


Journal ofthe Audio Engineering Society, Volume 23, No. 1, Jan./Feb., 1975. Published monthly except JanuaryIFeb~aly and JulyIAugust when published bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication and Executive Offices, Lincoln Building, 60 East42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York. N.Y. and at additional mailing oflices. Subscr~ption to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyright 1975 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the App l ld Sdenca & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society hereby grants permission to reprint in part, any paper in this issue if direct permission is obtained from its author@) andcredit is given to the author(s) and this Journal. An author, or his researchaffiliate may reproduce his paper in full crediting this Journal. This permission is not assignable. The " J o u r ~ l 0fM. Audlo Englnmlng Soc ly" and its cover design have been registered as a trademark in the United States Patent Office.







BOARD OF GOVERNORS Hugh S. Allen, Jr. J. Robert Ashley Barry A. Blesser John J. Bubbers W. Rex Isom John T. Mullin Donald L. Richter Emil L. Torick J. G. Woodward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Peter W. Tappan Admissions Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Awards Peter Burkowitz Education H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Headquarters Administrative D. J. Plunkett Historical J. M. Eargle Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library John T. Mullin Membership John J. Bubbers Nominations Barry A. Blesser Publications Policy W. R. Isom Standards Donald L. Richter Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS Atlanta Belgian Boston British Chicago (Midwest) Danish Europe (Regionj French Indianapolis Japan Los Angeles Nashville Netherlands New York San Francisco Toronto (Canada) Washington D.C.


SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS

Headquarters address: Audio Engineering Society, 60East42ndStreet, New York, N. Y. 10017 (212-661 -8528). Manuscripts, editorial, advertising and subscription correspondence should be addressed to Editorial Office (212-661-2355) at above address. West Coast Office: Audio Engineering Society, 1 19 16 Salem Drive, Granada Hills, Calif. 91344 (213-363-51 1 1).

AUDIO ENGlNEERlNl SOCIETY VOLUME 23 NUMBER 2 MARCH 1975

ARTICLES A Geometric Model for Two-Channel Four-Speaker Matrix Stereo System

Michael A. Gerzon 98

Reducing Distortion in Analog Tape Kecorders . . . . . . . . . . .David Griesinger 107

. . . . . . . . . . . . . Noise Reduction in the CD-4 Disc System .Nobuaki Takahashi, Teruo Muraoka, and Toshiya Inoue 113

Vibration Sensitivity Measurements on Subminiature Condenser Micro- phones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MeadC.Killion 123

NQRC Measurement of Subjective Aspects of Quadraphonic Sound Reproduc- tion: Part I1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. G. Woodward 128

PROJECT NOTESIENGINEERING BRIEFS . . . . A Comprehensive Musical Criterion: The Inversion Index .V. L. Jordan 131

. . . . . . . . . . Ganged-Series Potentiometer Mixer Networks .Ralph W. Burhans 136

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Logrithmic Record-Level Indicator .Robert E. Berglas 137

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Television Audio in Great Britain 152

DEPARTMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Review of Acoustical Patents . . . . . .I39 Sound Track .I62

MAC (Midwebt Acoustic Conference) 148 Available Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . News of the Sections ,156 Shopping the Audio Market .I67

. . . . . . . . . Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 1 Mernberbhip Information ,169

EDITORIAL BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. vonRecklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Associate Editor Judith Anne Wink Editorial Associate Phillip M. Weiss Editorial Assistant


Journal of the Audio Englneering Society, Volume 23, No. 2, March, 1975. Published monthly except JanuaryIFebruary and JulyIAugust when published bi-monthly, by the Audlo Engineering Soclety and supplied to all members in good standing. Publlcat~on and Executive Offices, Lincoln Building. 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 1001 7. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at add~tional mailing offices. Subscription to nonmembers, $30.W per year. Copyright 1975 by the Audio Englneering Soc~ety. The Journal is Indexed in the Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audlo Engineering Society hereby grants perrnlsslon to reprint in part, any paper In this issue if direct permission IS obtained from its author(s) and credit isgiven to the author@) and this Journal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce his paper in full crediting this Journal. This permission is not assignable. The "Journal ot the Audio Enginwing Society" and its cover design have been registered as a trademark in the United States Patent Office.








COMMllTEE CHAIRMEN Peter W. Tappan Admissions Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Awards Peter Burkowitz Education H. S. Allen, Jr. Conventibn Policy A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Blunkett Headquarters Administrative D. J. Plunkett Historical J. M. Eargle Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library John T. Mullin Membership John J. Bubbers Nominations Barry A. Blesser Publications Policy W. R. Isom Standards Donald L. Richter Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS Atlanta Belgian 0 Boston British Chicago (Midwest) Danish Europe (Region) French Indianapolis Japan Los Angeles Nashville Netherlands New York San Francisco Toronto (Canada) Washington D.C.

ADMINISTRATION Donald J. Plonkett Executive Director

SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Headquarters address: Audio Engineering Society, 60 East42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 1001 7 (212-661 -8528). Manuscripts, editorial, advertising and subscription correspondence should be addressed to Editorial Office (2 12-661 -2355) at above address. West Coast Office: Audio Engineering Society, 1 19 16 Salem Drive, Granada Hills, Calif. 91344 (213-363-51 1 1).

AUDIO E H G I H E E R I H ~ SOCIETY VOLUME 23 NUMBER 3 APRIL 1975

ARTICLES In Situ Measurement and Equalization of Sound Reproduction Systems

Robert B. Schulein 178

A Method of Analyzing the Quadraphonic Sound Field Katsumi Nakabayashi 187

Horn Theory and the Phonograph . . . . .Percy Wilson and Geoffrey L. Wilson 194

The Frequency Modulation Spectrum of an Exponential Voltage-Controlled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oscillator .Bernard A. Hutchins, Jr. 200

PROJECT NOTESIENGINEERING BRIEFS Application of the Two-Quadrant Transconductance Amplifier/Multiplier in

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Audio Signal Processing. .Walter G. Jung 207

Amplitude Compression in Hearing Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Igor V. NLbSlek 213

The Bob Jones Amphitorium Sound Reinforcement System MattR.Long, Jr. 216

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BroadcastinginFrance 220

DEPARTMENTS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Review of Acoustical Patents . . . . . 224 Sound Track 262 Exhibit Previews Available Literature. . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1 st Convention. 240 Membership Information . . . . . . . . . 265 News of the Sections . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Coming Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

EDITORIAL BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. vonRecklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Associate Editor Judith Anne Wink Editorial Associate Phillip M. Weiss Editorial Assistant


Journal of the Aud~o Englneerlng Society, Volume 23. No. 3, Aprll, 1975. Published monthly except JanuaryiFebruary and JulyiAugust when published bl-monthly, by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good starding. Publ~cat~on and Executive Offlces, Lincoln Bulldlng. 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at additional mailing offices. Subscript~on to nonmembers, $30.00 per year Copyright 1975 by the Audlo Engineering Society. The Journal IS indexed in the Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio Engineerlng Society hereby grants permission to reprint in part, any paper in this issue if d~rect permission is obtalned from its author(s) and credlt isglven to the author($) and this Journal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce his paper in full crediting th~s Journal. Th~s permission IS not assignable. The "Journal of the Audio Engineerlng Society" and its cover design have been registered as a trademark in the United States Paten? Office.







BOARD OF GOVERNORS Hugh S. Allen, Jr. J. Robert Ashley Barry A. Blesser John J. Bubbers W. Rex Isom John T. Mullin Donald I,. Richter Emil L. Torick J. G. Woodward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Peter W. Tappan Admissions Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Awards Peter Burkowitz Education H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Headquarters Administrative D. J. Plunkett Historical J. M. Eargle Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library John T. Mullin Membership John J. Bubbers Nominations Barry A. Blesser Publications Policy W. R. Isom Stanclards Donald L. Richter Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS Atlanta Belgian Boston British Chicago (Midwest) Danish Europe (Region) French rn Indianapolis Japan Los Angeles Nashville Netherlands New York San Francisco Toronto (Canada) rn Washington D.C.


VOLUME 23 NUMBER 4 MAY 1975 1

ARTICLES Some Considerations Regarding FM Four-Channel Stereo Broadcasting

Systems.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .S. Miki, T. Takezaki, M. Kanno, and M. Okamoto 274

Transmitter Limitations in Achieving High Amplitude Modulation Percentages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MichaelD.Davis 282

A Phase Meter Suitable for Loudspeaker Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P. L. Rossiter and P. J. Beckwith 289

Noise Control for Studios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Paul B. Ostergaard 294

PROJECT NOTESIENGINEERING BRIEFS A Real-Time Regenerative Response Method of Equalizing a Sound System

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DonDavis 300

Applications and Design Considerations for a High-Quality Unidirectional Line-Level Microphone . . . . . . . . . . . . .R. Schulein, E. Seeler, and D. Smith 303

STANDARDS The Ever New World of Standards, or Structures and Spheres of Interest of the

Standards Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Warren Rex Isom 308

DEPARTMENTS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Review of Acoustical Patents 320 Available Literature 340 Beranek Receives ASA Gold Medal . .324 Shopping the Audio Market . . . . . . 342

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . News of the Sections 328 Membership Information. 346 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sound Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 In Memoriam.. 352

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. vonRecMinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

ADMINISTRATION $ge, ?3@

Donald J. Plunkett rgla a Robert 0. Fehr Editor Harry F. Olson Edltor Emeritus

Executive Director d z Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Associate Editor 34 Judith Anne Wink Editorial Assoc~ate Phillip M. Weiss Ed~tor~al Ass~stant

SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS %%A Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor

Headquarters address: Audio Engineering "' Society, 60East42nd Street, New York, N. Y E ! Journal of the Audo Engineermg Soc~ety, Volume 23 No 4 May 1975 Published monthly except January/February and 10017 (212-661 -8528) Manuscripts, editorial @& JuIylAug~~t when published bl-monthly, by the Audlo Engrneering Soclety and suppiled to all members rn good standrng advertlslng and subscription correspondence a# Publrcat~on and Executive Offlces, Llncoln Bulldlng, 60 East 4Znd Street New York, N Y 10017 Second class postage pald at

,fgs New Yo&, N Y and at addrt~onal malllng offlces Subscrlptlon to nonmembers, $30 00 per year Copyright 1975 by the Audio should be addressed to Editorial Otfice xg Englneerlng Soc~ety The Journal 1s ~ndexed In the Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio (2 12-661 -2355) at above address. West Coast ,&;; Englneering Soc~ety hereby grants permrsslon to reprint in part, any paper rn th~s Issue ~f dlrect permlsslon is obta~ned from rts

office: ~ ~ d i ~ ~~~i~~~~~~ society, 19 16 gt"; author($ and credlt Isglven tothe author@) and thls Journal An author, or hs research afflllate may reproduce h ~ s paper~nfull cred~ting this Journal Thrs perrnlsslon rs not assignable

Drive, Granada H1lls, Callf. 91344 The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and its cover des~gn have been reg~stered as a trademalk In the United (213-363-51 11). states Patent Office

John M. Eargle President Duane H. Cooper President-Elect John M. Woram Vice President, Eastern



Region Peter Burkowitz Vice President, Europc


national Donald W. Powcrs Secretary Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer



VOLUME 23 NUMBER 5

ARTICLES

JUNE 1975

A New Set of Sixth-Order Vented-Box Loudspeaker System Alignments.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D. B. Keele, Jr.

A Wearable Master Hearing Aid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Emil L. Torick, Alfred L. DiMattia, Walter E. Staruk, Jr., and Paul Milner

Calculating the Directivity Factor y of Transducers from Limited Polar Diagram Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Michael A. Gerzon

Live Electronic Music in Large Auditoriums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Roy A. Pritts and J. Robert Ashlcy

More Accurate Calculation of the Room Constant . . . .George L. Augspurger

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN PROJECT NOTESIENGINEERING BRIEFS

Peter W. Tappan Admissions Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Awards Peter Burkowitz Education H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy A. E. Gruber Financc D. J. Plunkett Headquarters Administrative D. J. Plunkett Historical J. M. Eargle Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag I.ihrery John 1'. Mullin Membership John J. Bubbers Nominations Barry A. Blesser Publications Policy W. R. Isom Standards Donald L. Richter Sustaining Me~nberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

The Equalization and Subsequent Observation of the Sound System in the Marriott Center at Brigham Young University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Charles R. Boner and Edward S. Jones 386

DEPARTMENTS

50th Convention Report . . . . . . . . . 390 Sound Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 50th Corrvcntion Program . . . . . . . . 400 Shopping the Audio Markct . . . . . . 422 News of the Sections . . . . . . . . . . . 4 12 Available Literature. . . . . . . . . . . . . 426

. . . . . . . . . Membcrsh~p Informat~on 428

EDITORIAL BOARD SECTIONS Atlanta Belgian Boston British J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder

Chicago (Midwest) Danish Europe B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small (Region) French Indianapolis Japan R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas Los Angeles Nashville Netherlands M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick New York San Francisco Toronto (Canada) Washington D.C.

D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. vonRecklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

ADMINISTRATION Donald J. Plunkett Robert O. Fehr Editor Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus

Executive Director Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Associate Editor Judith Anne Wink Editorial Associate Phillip M. Weiss Editorial Assistant

SOCl ETY COMMUNICATIONS Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor

Headquarters address: Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y Journal of the Aud~o Engineering Soclety, Volume 23, No. 5, June 1975. Published monthly except JanuaryiFebruary and

1001 7 (2 12.661 -8528). ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ , editorial JulyIAugust when publ~shed bl-monthly, by the Audto Englneerlng Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication and Executive Offlces. Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street. Ncw York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage pald at advertising and Subscription Correspondence New York, N.Y. and at add~tional malllng off~ces. Subscription to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyr~ght 1975 by the Audio

should be addressed to Editorial Office En~bneerin~ Soc~etv The Journal is indexed ~n the A ~ ~ l i e d Science & Technolwv Index. The Journal of the Audio . . -.

(212.661 -2355) at above West Coast Engineering Society hereby grants permission to reprint in part, any paper in thls issue if direct permlsslon IS obtained from its author(s) and credlt 1s given to the author(s) and th~s Journal. An author, or h ~ s research affiliate may reproduce hls paper in full

Ofice: i" Engineering Society> ' cred~ting this Journal. Thls permlsston IS not ass~gnable. Salem Drive, Graiiada Hills, Calif. 91344 The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and its cover deslgn have been registered as a trademark In the United (2 13-363-5 1 1 1). States Patent Off~ce.






national Donald W. Powers Secretary Arthur E. Gruher Treasurer

BOARD OF GOVERNORS Hugh S. Allen, Jr. J. Robert Ashley Barry A. Blesser John J. Bubbers W. Rex Isom John T. Mullin Donald L. Richter Emil I,. Torick J. G. Woodward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Peter W. Tappan Admissions Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Awards Peter Burkowitz Education H. S. Allen, .Jr. Convention Policy A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Headquarters Administrative D. J . Plunkett Historical J. M. Eargle Laws & Resolutions W. H. Frcitag Library John T. Mullin Membership John -1. Buhbers Nominations Barry A. Blesser Publications Policy W. R. Isom Standards Donald L. Richter Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS Atlanta Belgian Boston British Chicago (Midwest) Danish Europe (Region) French Indianapolis 0 Japan Los Angeles Nashville Netherlands New York San Francisco Toronto (Canada) 0 Washington D.C.

AUDIO EH61MEERING SOCIETY VOLUME 23 NUMBER 6 JULYIAUGUST 1975

ARTICLES The Qualification of Loudspeaker Directivity Factor in Sound

Reinforcement System Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cecil R. Cable 434

Automatic Microphone Mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dan Dugan 442

Overcoming Record Warps and Low-Frequency Turntable Rumble in Phonographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Kcnncth Clunis and Michael J Kelly 450

A Polyphonic Keyboard for a Voltage-Controlled Music Synthesizer . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carl A . Hovey and David A. Searnans 459


Impedance Tailoring via Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Joel H. Lcvilt 466

FORUM

. . . . . . . . . . . Earthquake Prediction by Acoustic Methods .Richard C. Hcyser 169

On "The Presentation of Statistical Information on a Circle" (M. A. Gerzon, JAES 22, 7 (Sept. 1974)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. Ken Mntsndaira, Takeshi Fukami, and Junkichi Sugita 470

More on "The Presentation of Statistical Information on a Circle" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael A. Gerzon 37 1

DEPARTMENTS

51 st Convention Report . . . . . . . . . 474 News of the Scctior~b . . . . . . . . . . . 5 10 S 1st Convention Program . . . . . . . 4x5 Sound Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 Midwest Acoustic Conference (MAC) Available Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 16

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 Shopping the Audio Markct . . . . . 5 18

. . . . . . . . Membership Information 521

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small K. -W. Burhans K. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick O. H. Cooper Y. Kantrowitz K. A. Moog 1). R. VunRecklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

ADMINISTRATION Donald J. Plnnkett Robert 0. Fehr Ed~tor Harry F. Olson E d ~ t o ~ E~ner~ tus

Execut~ ve D~rector Jacqueline Harvey Mansg~ng Edltor Patricia M. Macdonald As\oc~ate bd~tor Judith Anne Wink Edltorldl A \ \ o ~ ~ d t e Phillip M. Weiss I d~torl,il As \~ \hn t

SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Editor

Headquarters address: Audio Hngineeri ng Society, 60East42nd Street, New York, N. Y 10017 (212-661 -8528). Manuscripts, editorial advertising and subscription correspondence should be addressed to Editorial Ofice (2 12-66 1-2355) at above address. West Coasl Oftice: Audio Engineering Society, 1 19 16 Salem Drive, Granada Hills, Calif. 91344 (213-363-5 1 1 1).

Journal of the Audlo Englneertng Soaety, Volume 23, No 6. JulylAugust 1975. Published monthly except JanuarylFebruary and JulyIAugust when published bl-monthly, by the Audlo Eng~neer~nq Society and supplled to all members In good standlng Publ~cat~on and Execut~ve Off~ces, Llncoln Bu~ldlng. 60 East 42nd Street. New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N Y and at addltlonal rnaillng offlces. Subscrlpt~on to nonmembers, $30.00 per year. Copyr~ght 1975 by the Aud~o Eng~neer~ng Soclety The Journal IS ~ndexed In the Applied Science & Technoloav Index. The Journal of the Aud~o -. Fl19 rlocrlnq SIX ely Ilereu) qr;!nt!; [lortrl sslon to w l l r rlt In rlnn an{ ~ R I , Z I I! I ~ I S 85..(: t ~ I ~ P C ! p e l t t l l ~ ~ l ~ t l :, 001i1 ti(v1 from I:. r.llrlnrrn1 ntld ctcc 1 .;ql/en 1011 r .il.tllon5, Ind Ir!l< uo<.rll:~l Arl 11.1llor. or t i s resarctl d~llIII1lo ninv rrnrnn(.;~ II 5 udt~rr to I ., cred~tlng thls Journal T ~ I S perrnlsslon IS not assignable The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~ t s cover deslgn have been reg~stered as a trademark In the Un~ted States Patent Off~ce


Region Peter W. Tappan Vice Presidcnt, Central


Rcgion Peter Burkowitz Vice President, Europe

Region Stephen F. Temmer Vice Presidcnt, Inter

national Donald W. Powers Secretary Arthur E. Gruber Trcasurer

BOARD OF GOVERNORS Hugh S. Allen, Jr. J. Robert Ashley Barry A. Blesser John J. Bubbers W. Rex Isom John T. Mullin Donald 1,. Richter Emil L. Torick J. G. Woodward

COMMllTEE CHAIRMEN Peter W. Tappan Admissions Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Awards Peter Burkowitz Education H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Heatlquartcrs Adrninistrativ D. J. Plunkett Historical J. M. Eargle Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library John T. Mullin Membership John J. Bubbers Nominations Barry A. Blesser Publications Policy W. R. Isom Standards Donald 1,. Richter Sustaining Mernbershipa W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS Atlanta Belgian Boston British Chicago (Midwest) Danish Europe (Region) French Indianapolis Japan Los Angeles Nashville Netherlands New York San Francisco Toronto (Canada) Washington 1j.C.


ARTICLES A Complementary Source Follower Circuit for Condenser Microphone

Preamplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T. Ken Matsudaira and Osamu Kono 530

An Introduction to the Design of Filtered Loudspeaker Systems .I F: Renson 536

On the Noise Performance of a Magnetic Phonograph Pickup B. I . Hallgrcn 546

Simple Equations for Multichannel Stereophonic Sound Localization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Benjamin Rernfeld 553


Application of a Real-Time Hadarnard Transform Network to Sound Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bernard A. Hutchins, Jr. 558

Some Useful Graphical Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Richard C. Heyscr 562

Dynamic Spectrum Changes of Orchestral Instruments . Dav~d A 1,uce 565

FORUM Recording Concert Hall Acoustics for Posterity

(R. C. Heyser, "A Rosetta Stone for Audio," JAES 22, 4 (May 1974)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael A. Crer~on 569

More on "Recording Concert Hall Acoustics for Posterity" R~chartl C. H e y w 571

DEPARTMENTS

Review of Acoustical Patents . . . . 574 Sound Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592 Biogt.apt~ies o l 5 1st Convention Available Litcrature . . . . . . . . . . . . 596

Award Winners . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580 Shopping the Audio Market . . . . . 597 News of the Scctions . . . . . . . . . . . 586 Membership Inforn~ation . . . . . . . . 600

EDITORIAL BOARD

J. R. Ashlcy E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas M. Carnras J. M. Hollywood J. C;. McKnight E. L. Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz K. A. Moog D. R. vonRecklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. '1'. Mullin .J. G. Woodward

ADMINISTRATION Donald J. Plunkett Robert 0. Fehr Editor Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus

Executive Director Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdunald Associate Editor Judith Anne Wink k:ditorial Associatc Ingeborg M. Stochmal Copy Edlror

SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Headquarters address: Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y Journalofthe AudloEnglneer~ng Soclety. Volume23. No. 7. September 1975. Publtshedmonthly except JanuaryIFebruary and

100 17 (2 12-66 1.8528). Manuscripts, JulyIAugust when published bl-monthly, by the Audio Englneerlng Soclety and supplied to all tnenibers I ~ I yood standong. Publ~cat~on and Executive OWces. Lincoln Bu~ld~ng, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N Y 10017. Second class postage pa~d at advertising and subscri~'tion correspondence New Yo*, N.Y. and at addlttonal matllng offices Subscr~pt~on to nonmembers, $30.00 per year Gopyrlght 1975 by the Audio

should bc addreshed to Editorial Ofice Englneer~ng Soclety. The Journal IS Indexed In the Applied Science L Technology index. The Journal of the ~ u d l o (212-661 -2355) at above address. West C o x Englneerlng Soclety hereby grants perrntsslon to reprint In part, any paper in this Issue ~f dlrect permtsslon 1s obta~ned from 11s

author(s) and credlt is glven tothe author@) and thls Journal. An author, or h e research affiliate may reproduce h ~ s paper In full Ofice: Audio Engineering Society7 l 9 l 6 crediting thls Journal. This permlsslon IS not assignable. Salem Drive. Granada Hills, Calif. 91344 The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~ t s cover deslgn have been registered as a trademark In the United (213-363-51 1 I). States Patent Ofice.

OFFICERS 1974-75 John M. Eargle President Duane H. Cooper President-Elect John M. Woram Vice President, E a ~ t e m






BOARDOFGOVERNORS Hugh S. Allen, Jr. J. Robert Ashley Barry A. Blesser John J. Bubbers W. Rex Isom John T. Mullin Donald L. Richter Emil L. Torick J. G. Woodward

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Peter W. Tappan Admissions Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Awards Peter Burkowitz Education H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Headquarters Administrative D. J. Plunkett Historical J. M. Eargle Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library John T. Mullin Membership John J. Bubbers Nominations Barry A. Blesser Publications Policy W. R. Isom Standards Donald L. Richter Sustaining LMeniberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY VOLUME 23 NUMBER 8 OCTOBER 1975

ARTICLES Design Criteria of a Universal Compandor for the Elimination of Audible

Noise in Tape, Disc, and Broadcast Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. G. Duncan, D. Rosenberg, and G. W. Hoffman 610

An Audio Control Facility for a TV "Break" Control Room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Donald C. McCro~key 623

The Georgia Institute of Technology Stadium Sound System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eugene T . Patronis, Jr. 630


. . . . . . Audio Engineering Improvements for Clavichords Ralph W. Burhans 635

A Versatile High-Speed "Off-Line" Sweetening System for Television Audio Post Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ron Estes 639

Improvements in Cutting Styli for CD-4 Discs . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. Inoue. I. Owaki, K. Totsuka, S. Nakamura, and J . Eargle 641

FORUM The Sound of One Clap Handing

FEATURE Harpsichord Primer-One Maker's View

Richard C. Heyser 644

DEPARTMENTS

Exhibit Previews News of the Sections . . . . . . . . . . . 680 . . . . . . . . . . . . 52nd Convention 660 Available Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . 688

blenlbership Ir~for~riation . . . . . . . . 600

SECTIONS EDITORIAL BOARD Atlanta 0 Austrian Belgian Boston British Danish French Central J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder Germany South Germany Houston B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small Indianapolis a Japan Los Angeles R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas Melbourne Mexico Chicago Montreal Nashville Netherlands New York M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick San Francisco San Luis Obispo D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. vonRecklinghausen Toronto Washington D.C. 0 Sydney J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

ADMINISTRATION Robert 0. Fehr Editor Harry F. Olson Editor Erneritus

Donald J. Plunkett Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Associate Editor Executive, Director Judith Anne Wink Editorial Associate Rena Halpern Editorial Assistant

SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Ingeborg &I. Stochmal Copy Editor

Headquarters address: Audio Engineerin Society. 60 East 42nd Street, NCW York. N. Journal of the Audlo Engineering Soc~ety, Volume 23, No 8. October 1975 Published monthly except January!February and

1001 7 (21 2-661-8525). Manuscripts, editor' JulyIAugust when published bi-monthly. by the Audin Engineer~ng Socety and supplled to all members In good standing

advertising and subscription Publication and Executive Offices. Lincoln Bullding, 60 East 42nd Street. New York. N Y 10017 Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y and at additional ma~llng offices Subscription to nonmembers. 530 00 per year Copyr~ght 1975 by the Audio

should be addressed to Editorial Office Engineer~ng Soc~ety The Journal 1s indexed In the Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audio (212-661 -2355) at above address. West C Ena~neer~nq Socletv hereby qrants ~errn~sslon to reprint ~n m a , any ~ a ~ e r ~n thls issue ~f d~rect permisson 1s obtalned from ~ts

Office: Audl0 Englneenng Society , 1 19 16 author(s) a i d cred~t is given io the author(s) and this Journal An author or his research af f~ l~ate may reproduce h ~ s paper ~n full

Salem Dnve, Granada H~lls , Cal~f 91344 crediting thls Journal Th~s permission 1s not ass~gnabie The Journal of the Audio Eng~naering Soclety and its cover deslgn have been reg~stered as a trademark in the Un~ted

(213-363-51 1 1 ) States Patent m ~ c e





Region Stephen F. Temmer Vice President, Inter

national Dnnald W. Powers Secretary Arthur E. Gruber Treasurer


COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Peter W. Tappan Adn~issions Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Awards Peter Burkowitz Education H. S. Allen, Jr . Convention Policy A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Headquarters Administrative D. J. Plunkett Historical J. M. Eargle Laws & Resolutions W. H. Freitag Library John T. Mnllin Membership John J. Bubbers Nominations Barry A. Blesser Publications Policy W. R. Isom Standards Donald 1,. Richter Sustaining Menlbcrships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS


VOLUME 23 NUMBER 9 NOVEMBER 1975

ARTICLES

A Real-Time Digital Computer for Simulating Audio Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Barry A. Blcsser, Karlo Baeder, and Ralph Zaorski 698

Essential Equipment for the Transmission of High Peak Levels in the Disk- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cutting System SAL 74/SX 74 0. Kern and E. Weiss 708

A Study of Time-Domain Speech Compression by Means of a New Analog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Speech Processor 1 . M. Bennett ant1 J. G. Linvill 71 3

PROJECT NOTESIENGINEERING BRIEFS . . . . . . . . . . A Wide-Dynamic-Range Program Equalizer Richard S. Burwen 722

Design of a Digital-Controlled Audio Level Indicator . . Thornas M. Hay. I11 726

FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,oudspeaker Symposium Australia 732

Hope for the Totally Deaf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754

DEPARTMENTS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . Revicw of Acoustical Patents . . . . 740 Calendar of Events 76 I . . . . . Editorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752 Shopping the Audio Markct 762

. . . . . . . . . . . . News of the Sections . . . . . . . . . . . 756 Available Literature 767 . . . . . . . . Sound Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760 Membership Infrtnation 769

REVIEW BOARD

Atlanta Austrian Belgian Boston .J. R. Ashley E. .I. Foster Y . W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder British Danish French Central Germany South Germany Houston H. Rlesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small

Indianapolis Japan Los Angeles R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas Melbourne Mexico Chicago Montreal M. Camsas J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick Nashville Netherlands 0 New York D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. vonRecMinghausen San Francisco San Luis Ohispo J. M. Eargle D. L. Klcpper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward Toronto Washington D.C. Sydney


SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Headquarters address: Audio Engineering Society, 60East42nd Street, New York, N. Y . 1001 7 (2 12-661-8528). Manuscripts, editorial, advertising and subscription corrcspondenee should be addressed to Editorial Ofice (2 12-66 1-2355) at above address. West Coast Office: Audio Engineering Society, 1 19 16 Sale111 Drive, Granada Hills, Calif. 9 1344 (213-363-5 1 1 1 ) .

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Associate Edilor Judith Anne Wink Editorial Associate Rena Halpern Editorial Assistant

Ingchorg M. Stochmal Copy Editor

Journal of the Audlo Eng~neering Soc~ety, Volume 23, No 9. November 1975. Published monthly except ~arb?ry/iebruary and JulyIAugust when published bl-monthly, by the Aud~o Engineering Society and suppiled to all members in good standing. Publication and Executive Off~ces, Llncoln Bulldlng, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 1001 7. Second class postage paid at New York, N Y and at addittonal ma~ling offces. Subscr~pt~on to nonmembers, $35 00 per year. Copyright 1975 by the Audlo Enqlneerinq Soc~ety. The Journal 1s indexed In the Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audlo E I ~ llecrlng Soc ely ttefchy q 411ts ~rni!s!. loo lo ~cprtrlt 0 1 1 pdtl an) pdper n t h ~ s .hs.lr 11 d rect Irrlllls5ton s uola n ~ d tlurn !IS

a.llnorts, arltt CICOII :, u VPII 10 In,! ia..trlor(.; aocl~t.~b ,ollrnn All HJ11101. or I 5 rOROiir~l af f~ l~nle ru,ly rcprud.~r.r r l~s odCcr r l 1.1 c redi t~ni thls Journal. ?h~s permission I; not ass~gnable

The "Journal 01 M e Audio Engineering Society" and its cover des~gn have been reg~stered as a trademark in the United States Patent Office.

OFFICERS 1975-76 Dr. Duane H, Cooper President Warren Rex lsom President-Elect Albert B. Grundy Vice President, Eastern

Region James Cunningham Vice President, Central

Region Dewitt F. Morris Vice President, Western

Region John W. Maunder Vice President, Europe

Region Derek Tilsley Vice President, Inter-


BOARDOFGOVERNORS Hugh S. Allen, Jr. J. Robert Ashley John J. Bubbers Richard S. Burwen Raymond E. Cooke John M. Eargle John T. Mullin Donald L. Richter Willi Studer

COMMllTEE CHAIRMEN Dewitt F. Morris Admissions John J. Bubbers Awards Peter Burkowitz Education H. S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy A. E. Gruber Finance D. J. Plunkett Historical W. Rex Isom Laws & Resolutions D. J. Plunkett Library Dewitt F. Morris Membership John M. Eargle Nominations J. Robert Ashley Publications Policy John M. Eargle Standards Donald L. Richter Sustaining Memberships W. H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS Atlanta Austrian Belgian Boston British Danish French Central Germany South Germany Houston Indianapolis Japan Los Angeles e

Melbourne Mexico Chicago Montreal Nashville Netherlands New York §an Francisco §an Luis Obispo Toronto r Washington D.C. Sydney


SOCIETY COMMUNICATIONS Headquarters address: Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York. N. Y. 10017 (212-661-8528). Manuscripts, editorial, advertising and subscription correspondence should be addressed to Editorial Office (212-661-2355) at above address. Regional Offices: West Coast; 11 91 6 Salem Drive, Granada Hills. Calif. 91344 (213-363-511 1) . Europe Office; Europe Region; Zevenbunderslaan 14219, 6-1190 Vorst, Brussels, Belgium. Unlted Kingdom Office; British Section, Audio Engineering Society Ltd., 32 Knoll Rise, Orplngton, Kent BR6 OEL, England. Japan Office; Japan Section; % Japan Audio Soc~ety, Mori Bldg., 14-34 Jingumae l-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan.

AUDIO EIIGIHEERING SIDCIETY


ARTICLES Analysis and Synthesis of Cornet Tones Using Nonlinear Interharmonic

Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . James W. Beauchamp 778

A New Type of Tweeter Horn Employing a Piezoelectric Driver Jonathan R. Bost 796 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . AM Stereophonic Broadcasting-An Historical Review Ernil L. Torick 802

PROJECT NBTESIENGINEERING BRIEFS

Electroacoustic Properties of Noise-Attenuating Headsets . . R. H. Campbell 806

Electronic Rhythm Units Humanized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jack D. Kashak 809

DEPARTMENTS

52nd Convention Report . . . . . . . . 812 Upcoming Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853 52nd Convention Program . . . . . . . 826 Available Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . 854 Message: AES President Shopping the Audio Market . . . . . 856

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duane H. Cooper 842 Membership Information 858 . . . News of the Sections . . . . . . . . . . . 844 52nd Convention Preprint List 865

Sound Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852 Index to Volume 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . 867

REVIEW BOARD

J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. VonRecklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

Robert 0. Fehr Editor Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Associate Editor Judith Anne Wink Editorial Associate Rena Halpern Editorial Assistant


Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 23, No. 10, December 1975. Published monthly except Januarylfebruary and JulylAugust when published bl-monthly, by the Audio Engineering Society and suppl~ed to all members in good standing. Publication and Executive Offices. Lincoln Building. 60 East 42nd Street. New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at additional mailing offices. Subscription to nonmembers, $35.00 per year. Copyright 1975 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed In the Applied Science & Technology Index. The Journal of the Audlo Engineering Society hereby grants permission to reprint in part, any paper in this issue if direct permission is obtained from its author@) and credlt 1s given to the author@) and thls Journal. An author, or his research affiliate may reproduce h ~ s paper In full crediting this Journal. This permission is not assignable. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and as cover design have been registered as a trademark in the Un~ted States Patent Office.

JOURNAL OF THE OFFICERS 1975-76 Duane H. Cooper Pres~dent Warren Rex lsom Presrdent-Elect Albert B. Brundy Vlce President, Eastern

Reg~on James Cunningham V~ce Presrdent, Central

Region ~ e w k F. Morris Vrce Presldent, Western

Region John W. Maunder V~ce Presldent, Europe

Regron Derek Tilsley Vlce President, Inter-


BOARD OF GOVERNORS Hugh S. Allen, Jr. J. Robert Ashley John J. Bubbers Richard S. Burwen Raymond E. Cooke John M. Eargle John T. Mullin Donald L. Richter Willi Studsr

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Dewitt F. Morris Admissions John J. Bubbers Awards Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Convenbon Pollcy Peter K. Burkowitz Educat~on Arthur E. Gruber Finance Donald J. Plunkett H~storical Warren Rex lsom Laws & Resolut~ons Donald J. Plunkett Library Dewitt F. Morris Membership John M. Eargle Nomrnatlons J. Robert Ashley Publications Policy John M. Eargle Standards Donald L. Richter Sustain~ng Membersh~ps Werner H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS British Danish French Central Germany South Germany Indianapolis Japan Los Angeles Melbourne Mexico Chicago Montreal * Nashville Netherlands New York San Francisco San Luis Obispo Toronto Washington D.C. Sydney

ADMINISTRATION Donald J. Plunkett Executive Drrector


Headquarters address: A u d l o E n g r n e e r l n g Society, 60 East 4 2 n d Street , New York, N. Y 1001 7 (21 2-661 -8528) Manuscr ipts, editorial, a d v e r t ~ s l n g and subscr lp t lon correspondence should be a d d r e s s e d to Editor~al Office (212-

661-2355) at above address Regional Offices: West Coast; 11 91 6 Salem Drlve, G r a n a d a Hills, Callf 91344 (21 3-363-51 11 ) Europe Office; Europe R e g l o n , Zevenbunderslaan 14219, 8-1190 Vorst, Brussels, Belgium United King- dom Office; British Sectlon, Audro Englneerlng Soclety L td ,32 Knoll Rlse, Orpington, K e n t BR6 OEL, England Japan Office; Japan Sect ton 'n

Japan Audlo Soc~ety, Morl Bidg . 14-34 Jln- gumae t -chome, Sh~buya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan

AUDIO EHilNEERlNG SOCIETY - - - - - - - - - -

AUDIO / ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 24 NUMBER 1 JANUARY /FEBRUARY 1976

ARTICLES

Active Crossover Networks for Noncoincident Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Siegfried H. Linkwitz 2

A Technique for Observing Loudspeaker Wave Front Propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lsarni Nornoto, Makoto lwahara and Hideo Onoye 9

The Sound Field in Home Listening Rooms, II . . . . . . . Roy F. Allison 14

Load Circuit Stabilizing Networks for Audio Amplifiers ( A Reprint) . . . . . A. N.Thiele 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PROJECT NOTES / ENGINEERING BRIEFS Towards a More Natural Sound System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Leslie R. Hay and John V. Hanson 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . On The Transcription of Old Phonograph Wax Records Hans Meulengracht-Madsen 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . Practical Loudness: An Active Circuit Design Approach Arthur L. Newcornb, Jr. and Richard N. Young 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FORUM . . . . . . . . . . Blumlein Stereo Microphone Technique Michael A. Gerzon

(John M. Woram, "News of the Sections," JAES 23, 9 (Oct. 1975)) 36

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reply by John M. Woram 38

FEATURE Quantities, Units, Letter Symbols, and Abbreviations J. G. McKnight 40

DEPARTMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guest Editorial: Why Has the AES Standards 63

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gone International? . . . . . . . . . 46 Sound Track 64

. . . . . . . . . . . . Convention News: Exhibitors 53rd Upcoming Events 65 (Zurich) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Shopping the Audio Market . . . 69

. . . . . News of the Sections . . . . . . . . 52 Membership Information 72

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward



Journal of the Audio Engineerlng Soc~ety, Volume 24, No. 1, JanuaryIFebruary 1976 Published monthly except January1 February and JulyIAugust when published bi-monthly, by the Aud~o Engineering Society and supplied to all members In good standing. Publication and Executive Offices, Llncoln Building. 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York. N Y. and at additional mailing offlces. Subscr~pt~on to nonmembers, $35.00 domestic; $45.00 forelgn All materlal publ~shed In thls journal is copyrighted (D 1976 by the Audlo Engineer~ng Society and all rlghts reserved. lnqulrles should be sent to the Publications Office at the address above. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~ts cover deslgn have been registered as a trademark In the Unlted States Patent Office.

JOURNAL OF THE OFFICERS 1975-76 Duane H. Cooper Pres~dent Warren Rex lsom Presldent-Elect Albert B. Grundy Vice President, Eastern


Region Dewitt F. Morris Vice President, Western

Region John W. Maunder Vice President, Europe

Region Derek Tilsley Vice Presrdent, Inter-


BOARD OF GOVERNORS Hugh S. Allen, Jr. J. Robert Ashley John J. Bubbers Richard S. Burwen Raymond E. Cooke John M. Eargle John T. Mullin Donald L. Richter Willi Studer

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Dewitt F. Morris Admissions John J. Bubbers Awards Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy Peter K. Burkowitz Education Arthur E. Gruber Finance Donald J. Plunkett Historical Warren Rex lsom Laws & Resolutions Donald J. Plunkett Library Dewitt F. Morris Membership John M. Eargle Nominations J. Robert Ashley Publications Policy John M. Eargle Standards Donald L. Richter Sustaining Memberships Werner H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS British Danish French Central Germany r South Germany Indianapolis Japan a Los Angeles Melbourne Mexico Chicago Montreal Nashville Netherlands New York San Francisco San Luis Obispo Toronto Washington D.C. Sydney



Headquarters address: Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 1001 7 (21 2-661 -8528). Manuscripts, editorial, advertising and subscription correspondence should be addressed to Editorial Office (212- 661-2355) at above address. Regional Offices: West Coast; 11916 Salem Drive, Granada Hills, Calif. 91344 (213-363-51 11). Europe Office; Europe Region; Zevenbunderslaan 14219, 8-1190 Vorst, Brussels, Belgium. United Klng- dom Office; British Section; Audio Engineering Society Ltd., 32 Knoll Rise, Orpington, Kent BR6 OEL, England. Japan Office; Japan Section; V Japan Audio Society, Mori Bldg., 14-34 Jin- gurnae 1 -chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan.

NDlO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 24 NUMBER 2 MARCH 1976

ARTICLES Some Aspects of the Self and Mutual Radiation Impedance Concept

with Respect to Loudspeakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oluf Jacobsen 82

A Monolithic Voltage-Controlled Amplifier Employing Lsg-Antilog Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Douglas R. Curtis 93

PROJECT NOTESIENGINEERING BRIEFS Intermodulation Distortion Produced By Out-Of-Band Program

Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Edward F. McClain, Jr. 103

Multitrack Recording of Studio Programs and Live Performances with Simultaneous Filming . . . . . . . . . Johannes Webers and Toni Ketterle 107

New Modulation Technique for CD-4 Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yukinobu Ishigaki, Kiyotake Fukui and Gregory A. Bogantz 112

Three New Noise-Canceling Electret Communication Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paul M. D'Amico and Philip Kuhn 117

FORUM Entertainment Noise: A Hearing Hazard . . . . . . . . . . Geoffrey L. Wilson 121

Erratum, "Design Criteria of a Universal Compandor for the Elimination of Audible Noise in Tape, Disc, and Broadcast Systems" (JAES, Vol. 23, No. 9, p. 61 0 (Oct. 1975)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. G. Duncan, D. Rosenberg, and G. W. Hoffman 121

DEPARTMENTS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guest Editorial: Year of Sound Track 744 Standards for the AES . . . . . . 122 Shopping the ~ ~ d i ~ ~ ~ ~ k ~ t . 44.6

Review of Acoustical Patents 124 . . . . . . . . . News of the Sections 136 Available Literature 7.50 . . . . . . .

Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Membership Information . . . . 152

REVIEW BOARD

J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy 1. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward



Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 24, No. 2, March 1976. Published monthly except JanuaryiFebruary and JulylAugust when pubiished bi-monthly, by the Aud~o Engineering Society and supplied to ail members in good standlng Publ~cation and Execut~ve Offices, Llncoin Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York. N Y 10017. Second class postage paid at New York. N.Y. and at additional maiiing offices. Subscr~ption to nonmembers, $35.00 domestic; $45.00 forelgn. All material pubiished in this journal is copyrghted @ 1976 by the Audio Eng~neering Society and all rlghts reserved. Inquiries should be sect to the Pubiications Office at the address above The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and its cover design have been reg~stered as a trademark in the United States Patent Office.

Duane H. Cooper Presldent Warren Rex lsom Pres~dent-Elect Albert B. Grundy Vice President, Eastern


Regron ~ e w i t t F. Morris Vice President, Western

Region John W. Maunder Vfce President, Europe

Region Derek Titsley Vice Presldent, Inter-


BOARD OF GOVERNORS Hugh S. Allen, Jr. J. Robert Ashley John J. Bubbers Richard S. Burwen Raymond E. Cooke John M. Eargle John T. Mullin Donald L. Richter Willi Studer

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Dewitt F. Morris Admissions John J. Bubbers Awards Hugh S. Allen, Jr. Convention Policy Peter K. Burkowitz Educahon Arthur E. Gruber Finance Donald J. Plunkett Historical Warren Rex lsom Laws & Resolutions Donald J. Plunkett Library Dewitt F. Morris Membership John M. Eargle Nominations J. Robert Ashley Publrcatrons Policy John M. Eargle Standards Donald L. Richter Susta~nrng Memberships Werner H. Freitag Tellers

SECTIONS British Danish a French Central Germany South Germany Indianapolis Japan a Los Angeles Melbourne Mexico Chicago Montreal Nashville a Netherlands New York San Francisco San Luis Obispo Toronto Washington D.C. Sydney

Donald J. Plunkett Executive Director


Headquarters address: A u d ~ o E n g t n e e r ~ n g Soclety, 60 E a s t 42nd Street , New Yo&, N Y 10017 (21 2-661 -8528) M a n u s c r ~ p t s , edi tor~al , advert ls lng and s u b s c r r p t ~ o n cor respondence should be addressed t o Editorial Office (212- 661-2355) a t above a d d r e s s Regional Offices: West Coast; 1 1 916 S a l e m Dr~ve, G r a n a d a Hllls, Callf 9 1 3 4 4 (213-363-51 11) Europe Office; E u r o p e R e g ~ o n , Z e v e n b u n d e r s l a a n 14219, 8 1 190 Vorst, Brussels, Belg~urn United King- dom Office; Br r t~sh Sect ion, A u d i o Eng~neerlng Society L t d ,32 Kno l l Rlse, Orp lng ton , K e n t B R 6 OEL, England Japan Office; Japan S e c t ~ o n , $: Japan Audio Soc~ety, Mort Bldg , 1 4 - 3 4 Jln- g u m a e l - c h o m e , Sh~buya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan

JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 24 NUMBER 3 APRIL 1976

ARTICLES . . . . . . . . . . . The Use of Fibrous Materials in Loudspeaker Enclosures

L. J. S. Bradbury 162 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assisted Resonance . . . . . . . . . . . Geoffrey Berry and Gordon L. Crouse 171

Current Hearing-Aid Performance and the Requirements of Hearing- Impaired Persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. C. Martin and B. C. Grover 177


. . . . . . . . . . . . Lacquer Warp, Advance Ball, and Disc Cutter Dynamics Daniel W. Gravereaux and James V. White 182 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A Note on Modulation Distortion: Coaxial and Spaced Tweeter-Woofer Loudspeaker Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . Paul W. Klipsch 186

A Note on Modulation Distortion: Two Frequencies Radiated from the Same Diaphragm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paul W. Klipsch 187

FORUM Comments on "More Accurate Calculation of the Room Constant"

[G. L. Augspurger, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 23, pp. 381-385 (June 1975)l Don Davis 189 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cecil R. Cable 190 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reply to "Comments on 'More Accurate Calculation of the Room

Constant' " [D. Davis, p. 189, C. R. Cable, p. 190, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 24 (April 1976)l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G. L. Augspurger 192

DEPARTMENTS

Review of Acoustical Patents 194 Standards Update . . . . . . . . . . . 225 . . . . . . . 54th Convention Exhibiters: News of the Sections 226

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Floor Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Sound Track 234 Exhibit Previews . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Membership Information . . . . 240

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. I?. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy 1. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward



Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 24, No. 3, Aprii 1976. Published monthly except JanuaryIFebruary and JuIylAugust when published bi-monthly, by the Audio Enqineerinq Society and Sup~lied to all members in mod standina. ~ublication and Executive Offices, ~1nc6 ln Building, 60 ~as i42nd street, ~ e w ~ o r k , N.Y. 1001 7. Second class postage paid at Nea Yor6 h V a i a ar aa3 tonal ma ng off ces S ~ 3 s c n ~ i l o n lo noqmemoers 935 00 domes1 c $45 00 forelgn A marer a PLO sneo n m s .o,rna s copy*gnlec % 1976 0, rne A-a o Eqg neer r g Soctety and a ' gnrs reserve0 nq- r as sio.. c be sent to the Publications Office at the address above. The "Journal of the Audio Engineerlng Society and its cover design have been registered as a trademark in the United States Patent Office.

JOURNAL OF THE

AUDlO EHGlNEEAlNfi SOCIETY VOLUME 24 NUMBER 4 MAY 1976

ARTICLES

Synthesis of 4-2-4 Matrix Recordirrg Systems . . . . . James V. White 250

Low-Frequency Tracking Behavior of Pickup Arm-Cartridge Systems James M. Kates 258 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Factors in Phonograph Preamplifier Design . . Tomlinson Holman 263

PROJECT NOTESlENGlNEERiNG BRIEFS

Experimental Fourier Series Universal Tone Generator Howard A. Chamberlain 271 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Advance in Turntable and Tone-Arm Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Keisuka lkegami and Susumu Hoshimi 276

Development of a Voice Projection System for Masked Firefighters Thomas A. Giordano and Mark McClean 281 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FORUM

A Multiprocessor Approach to Digital Audio Simulation B. T. G. Tan 285 [B. A. Blesser, K. Baeder and R. Zaorski, "A Real-Time Digital Com- puter for Simulating Audio Systems," J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 23, pp. 698-707 (Nov. 1975)l

Reply to "A Multiprocessor Approach to Digital Audio Simulation" Barry Blesser 285 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[B. T. G. Tan, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 24, p. 285 (May 1976)l

DEPARTMENTS

..... 53rd Convention Report 286 News of the Sections ....... 328 ... 53rd Convention Program 302 Upcoming Events ........... 331

Review of Acoustical Patents 31 2 Sound Track ................ 332 British Section Engineering Shopping the Audio Market . p$': I Report: An Anecdotal Review of Available Literature .......... " : - _ 3

.... Head Des~gn Problems. Part 1 322 Membership Information 338

REVIEW BOARD


Robert 0. Fehr Editor Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Patricia M. Maedonald Associate Editor Judith Anne Wink Editorial Associate Rena Halpern Editorial Assistant


Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 24, No. 4, May 1976. Published monthly except JanuaryIFebruary and JulyIAugust when published bl-monthly, by the Aud~o Englneering Soc~ety and supplied to all members in good standing. Publicat~on and Executive Off~ces, Llncoln Bulldlng. 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage pa~d at New York, N.Y. and at addit~onal mailing offices. Subscr~ption to nonmembers. $35.00 domestic; $45.00 forelgn All material published in this journal IS copyrighted @ 1976 by the Audio Englneering Soclety and all nghts resewed. lnqulrles should be sent to the Publ~cations m i c e at the address above. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~ t s cover des~gn have been reg~stered as a trademark In the Unlted States Patent Office.

JOURNAL OF THE

RUDlO ENGINEERING SOGIETV AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS


ARTICLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Linear Distortion D. Preis 346

Frequency Response Considerations for an Electrostatic Horn Tweeter Using Electret Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Naraji Sakamoto, Toshiyuki Gotoh, Nobuhisa Atoji, and Takahisa Aoi 368

Air-Cored Inductors for Audio (A Reprint) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. N. Thiele 374


New Improvements in Audio Signal Processing for AM Broadcasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oscar J. Bonello 379

Proper Acoustic Response "From the Front Row To The Rear Row" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glen M.Ballou 383

FORUM

SQ Dichophony-Quadraphonic Earphone Listening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Benjamin B. Bauer 387

DEPARTMENTS

Education Committee Report 388 News of the Sections . . . . . . . 41 0 Standards Update . . . . . . . . . . . 392 Upcoming Meetings . . . . . . . . . 41 7 Review of Acoustical Patents 394 Audio Quality in British Section Engineering Broadcasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 8

Report: An Anecdotal Review of Available Literature . . . . . . . . . 423 Head Design Problems: Part 1 1 402 Shopping the Audio Market . 422

Excursions at the 53rd . . . . . . 408 Membership Information . . . . 425

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder 6. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy 1. 6 . Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward



Journal of the Audio Engineertng Soctety, Volume 24, No. 5, June 1976. Published monthly except JanuaryiFebruary and July/August when published bl-monthly, by the Audlo Engineering Soc~ety and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication and Executive Mhces, Llncoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N Y 1001 7. Second class postage pald at New York, N.Y. and at additional mail~ng offices. Subscription to nonmembers, $35.00 domestic, $45.00 foreign. All material published in this journal is copyrtghted @ 1976 by the Audio Engineering Society and all rlghts reserved. Inquiries should be sent to the Publ~cations Off~ce at the address above. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~ ts cover design have been registered as a trademark in the United States Patent Offlce.

JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO / ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 24 NUMBER 6 JULYIAUGUST 1976

ARTICLES

Microphone Considerations in Feedback-Prone Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert B. Schulein 434

The Piecewise-Linear Technique of Electronic Music Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alan D. Bernstein and Ellis D. Cooper 446

Preliminary Results of the 1975 AES Audiometric Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Samuel Gilman, Candace Kamm, and Donald D. Dirks 455

PROJECT NOTESlENGlNEERlNG BRIEFS

Evaluating Open-Plan Acoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Herbert T. Chaudiere 461

Role of Polymer Science in Developing Materials for Phonograph Discs S. K. Khanna 464 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FEATURES AND DEPARTMENTS

54th Convention Report . . . . . 470 54th Convention Program . . . 486 197617 AES Office and

Governor Candidates . . . . . 500 Sustaining Member Review . . 504 Motion Picture Sound Recording

John G. Frayne . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 Review of Acoustical Patents 518

News of the Sections . . . . . . . 520 Sound Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 Upcoming Meetings . . . . . . . . . 527 Shopping the Audio Market . 528 Available Literature . . . . . . . . . 530 Membership Information . . . . 532 Call for Papers-56th Con-

vention, Paris, 1977 . . . . . . . 5CC

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder 6. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Robert 0 . Fehr Editor Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Evelyn Harvey FeaturesIBack-of-Book Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Associate Editor Judith Anne Wink Editorial Associate Rena Halpern Editorial Assistant


Journal of the Audio Engineering Society. Volurne 24. No 6. July August 1976. Published monthly except January'february and July,August when published bi-monthly, by the AudioEngineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing Publication and Executive Offlces. Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York. N Y 1001 7. Secondclass postage paid at New York. N Y and at additional mailing offices Subscription to nonmembers, $35 00 domestic, $45 00 foreign All material pusllshed in this journal IS copyrighted @ 1976 by the Audio Engineering Society and all nghts reserved lnqulrles should be sent to the Publications Office at the address above The 'Journal of the Audio Engineering Society' and 11s cover design have been registered as a trademark In the United States Patent Office.

JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY - - - - - - - - - - -

AUDIO 1 ACOUSTICS / APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 24 NUMBER 7 SEPTEMBER 1976

ARTICLES Twin-Tone Tape Testing

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G. A. A. A. Hueber, 6 . Nijholt, and H. Tendeloo 542

The Louisiana Superdome Sound System.. . . . . . . . . . . J. Jacek Figwer 554

New Wear-Resistant Permalloy Material for Magnetic Recording-Head Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steven A. Bendson 562

Detection of Phase Shifts in Harmonically Related Tones Richard C. Cabot, Michael G. Mino, Douglas A. Dorans, Ira S. Tackel, and Henry E. Breed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568

PROJECT NOTESIENGINEERING BRIEFS Electronic Modification of the Room Acoustics in a Concert Hall

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. J. Voelker, C. L. Mueller, and D. Kittler 572

FORUM Comments on "Electroacoustic Transducers with Piezoelectric High

Polymer Films" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. Edelman and A. S. DeReggi 577 [M. Tamura, T. Yamaguchi, T. Oyaba, and T. Yoshimi, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 23, pp. 21-26 (Jan.iFeb. 1975)l

A Call for Printing of Domestic Papers on Cinema-TV Sound Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bruce Lowell 578

FEATURES New Field for Audio Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Richard Rosenthal 594

Recorded Textbooks for Handicapped Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clyde R. Keith and William H. Beam, Jr. 598

DEPARTMENTS

Review of Acoustical Patents 580 Upcoming Meetings . . . . . . . . . 61 3 Standards Update: IEC News and Available Literature . . . . . . . . . . 61 5

Activities.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588 Shopping the Audio Market . . 618 Electroacoustic Standards List 593 Membership Information . . . . . 620

News of the Sections . . . . . . . . 604 53rd Convention Preprint List 628 Sound Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 2

REVIEW BOARD J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy 1. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus Robert 0. Fehr Editor Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor Evelyn Harvey FeaturesIBack-of-Book Editor Patricia M. Macdonald Associate Editor Judith Anne Wink Editorial Associate Rena Halpern Editorial Assistant


Journal ofthe Audlo Eng~neer~ng Soc~ety, Volume 24. No. 7, September 1976. Publ~shedniorithly excaptJanuary/Feb~uary and JulyIAugust when publlshed bi-monthly. by the Audlo Eng~neering Soc~eCy and supplied to all members n good stand~ng. Publication and Executive Offices, Lincoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street. New York. N.Y. 10017. Second class postage pald at New York, N.Y. and at addltlonal rna~l~ng off~ces. Subscrlptlon to nonmembers, $35.00 domestic: $45 00 foreign All material publlshed In this journal is copyrighted a 1976 by theAud~o Eng~neerlng Society and all rights reserved lnqulrles should be sent to the Publlcat~ons Office at the address above. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society'' and 11s cover design have been registered as a trademark in the Un~ted States Patent Offlce

JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO ENGINEERI IG SOCIETY AUDIO / ACOUSTICS 1 APPLICATIONS

VOLUME 24 NUMBER 8 OCTOBER 1976

ARTICLES

Record Warps and System Playback Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Larry Happ and Frank Karlov 630

Ultimate Performance of Wide-Range High-Frequency Compression Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clifford A. Henricksen 639

Equivalent Circuit Analysis of Mechano-Acoustic Structures (A Reprint) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. B. Bauer 643


Magnetic-Head Relapping Techniques . . . . . . . . . . Joseph F. Dundovic 656

COMMUNICATIONS

Perspectives in Audio Analysis: Changing the Frame of Reference, Part I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Richard C. Heyser 660

DEPARTMENTS

Review of Acoustical Patents 668 Editorial: Publications Off ice Upcoming Meetings . . . . . . . . . 697

. . . . . . . Restructured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674 News of the Sections 698 Weekend at the Waldorf: Available Literature . . . . . . . . . 702

55th Convention Preview . . . 677 Membership Information . . . . 703 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55th Exhibit Previews 680 In Memoriam 708

EDITORIAL STAFF Harry F. Olson Editor Emeritus

Robert 0. Fe hr Editor

Patricia M. Macdonald Managing Editor, Jacqueline Harvey Managing Editor, Journal Special Publications

Judith Anne Wink Associate Editor Joan Phyllis Goldenberg lngeborg Stochmal Copy Editor Publications Assistant

REVIEW BOARD


Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 24, No. 8, October 1976. Published monthly exccpt JanuaryAebrmry and JulyIAugust when publlshed bi-monthly, by the Audio Engineering Soclety and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication and Executive Off~ces, L~ncoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at additional mallbng offloes Subscription to nonmembers, $35.00 domestic; $45.00 foreign. All material Dubllshed In thls lournal IS wwnqhted 1976 by theAud~o Engineering Society and all rlghtsreserved. Inquiries should besent io the ~ubl~cat lons Office at'iheaddre; above. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~ t s cover des~gn have been registered as a trademark in the United States Patent Office.

JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOGIETY VOLUME 24 NUMBER 9 NOVEMBER 1976

ARTICLES

On "Out-of-Head Localization" in Headphone Listening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. Sakamoto, T. Gotoh, and Y. Kimura 710

The Synthesis of Complex Audio Spectra by Means of Discrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summation Formulas ... James A. Moorer 717

Flutter Analysis for Identifying Tape Recorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John G. McKnight and Mark R. Weiss 728

Radiation from a Dome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . James M, Kates 735

PROJECT NOTESIENGINEERING BRIEFS Continuing Evaluation of Phonograph Cartridges by Pulse-Train

Methods . . . . . . . . . . Teruo Muraoka, Hideo Onoye, and John M. Eargle 738

COMMUNICATIONS Perspectives in Audio Analysis: Changing the Frame of Reference, Part

II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RichardC.Heyser 742

FORUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On Differential Time Delay James Moir 752

[R. C. Heyser, "Some Useful Graphical Relationships," J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 23, pp. 562-565 (September 1975) and D. Preis, "Linear Distortion," J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 24, pp. 346-367 (June 1976)l

Reply to "On Differential Time Delay" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R. C. Heyser 752

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reply to "On Differential Time Delay" D. Preis 752

DEPARTMENTS

Editorial: From This Point . . . . . 754 Shopping the Audio Market .. 780 Review of Acoustical Patents 757 Available Literature . . . . . . . . . 782

......... Midwest Acoustics Conference Upcoming Meetings 782 ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1976 764 Membership Information 784

News of the Sections ........ 774 The Audio Engineering Society Sound Track ................ 778 Bylaws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793


Robert 0 . Fehr Editor


Judith Anne Wink Associate Editor Joan Phyllis Goldenberg lngeborg Stochrnal Copy Editor Publications Assistant

REVIEW BOARD

J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder B. Blesser M. 6 . Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy I. 6 . Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L. Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

Journal of the Audlo EnQlneerlng Society, Volume 24, No. 9, November 1976. Published monthiy except January 'February and July!August when published bl-monthly. by the Audlo Engineer~ng Socety and supp!~ed to all members in good stand~ng Publlcatlon and Execut~ve Offces, L~ncoln Bulld~ng, 60 East 42nd Street. New York, N Y 10017 Second classpostage paid at New York. N Y and at addtlonal maillng offces Subscrlptlon to nonmembers, $35.00 domestic, $45.00 foreign All materlal pubi~shed In i h ~ s journal IS copyrighted a 1976 by the Audio Engineer~ng Society and all rights reserved Inquiries should be sent to the Publications CNce at the address above. The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and 11s cover des~gn have been reg~stered as a trademark !n the Unlted States Patent Office.

JOURNAL OF THE

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY AUDIO I ACOUSTICS I APPLICATIONS


ARTICLES A History of High-Quality Studio Microphones . . . . . . . . . Harry F. Olson 798

Theory of Tracing Distortion and Its Correction in Carrier Quadraphonic Disc Records . . . . . . . . Teruo Muraoka and John Eargle 808

PROJECT NOTESIENGINEERING BRIEFS . . . . An Interfaced Dual Sound System for a Church Charles J. Catania 81 6

A Versatile Memory System for Console Automation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carl DeWilde 821

The Practice of Fully Programmable Mixdown and Development of a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Third-Generation Console Paul Galburt 824

FORUM

More About Electroacoustic Transducers and High Polymer Films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MasahikoTamura 829

. . . . . . . . . . . . . Air-Cored Inductors for Audio-A Postscript A. N. Thiele 830

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Looking Backward Arthur J. Sanial 832

FEATURESANDDEPARTMENTS

55th Convention Report . . . . . 834 Upcoming Meetings . . . . . . . . . 874 55th Convention Exhibitors . . 848 Shopping the Audio Market . . 875 55th Convention Program . . . 850 Available Literature . . . . . . . . . 877 56th Convention, Paris Membership Information . . . . . 880

Group Travel Plan . . . . . . . . . 866 Index to Volume 24 . . . . . . . . . . 884 . . . . . . . . News of the Sections 868 Call for Papers-57th Con-

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sound Track 873 vention, Los Angeles, 1977 . 891


Robert 0. Fehr Editor


Judith Anne Wink Associate Editor Joan Phyllis Goldenberg lngeborg Stochmal Copy Editor Publications Assistant

REVIEW BOARD

J. R. Ashley E. J. Foster P. W. Klipsch M. R. Schroeder 6 . Blesser M. B. Gardner J. H. Kogen R. H. Small R. W. Burhans R. C. Heyser D. S. McCoy 1. B. Thomas M. Camras J. M. Hollywood J. G. McKnight E. L Torick D. H. Cooper P. Kantrowitz R. A. Moog D. R. von Recklinghausen J. M. Eargle D. L. Klepper J. T. Mullin J. G. Woodward

Journal of the Audlo Engmeenng Soaety, Volume 24. No.10, December 1976 Publ~shed monthly except Janua~yiFebruary and July/August when published bl-monthly, by the Audio Englneenng Soclety and suppl~ed to all members in good standing. Publlcatlon and Executive Offices, Llncoln Building, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. Second class postage paid at New Yak. N.Y nno at ;rld~t~on.rl 111d11 ~ ! q oIf le5 St.uscr~pl~on to nonmemkrs. S35 00 d0111est1~ $15 00 IUIP on A l malerlal p ~ ~ b l s l ln l l t ~ ~ s ] ~ ~ , ! l l i t l I\ w~)y l (qn lw , Iq/t, ny ~ P A . I O ofnqln~crlng SCIC ~ l y anrl ~ l l r ghls rg>sPrvefl Inql, rlc? s f lo~ ld nc scnf to the Publ~cations m i c e at t ~ e address above The "Journal of the Audio Engineering Society" and ~ t s cover des~gn have been registered as a trademark In the Unned States Patent Offlce

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