Atoms, Atoms Everywhere! Atoms, Atoms Everywhere! The History of Atomic Models.
The Atoms Family was created by Kathleen Crawford, 1994...
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The Atoms Family was created by Kathleen Crawford, 1994 Presentation developed by Tracy Trimpe, 2006, http://sciencespot.net/
Transcript of The Atoms Family was created by Kathleen Crawford, 1994...
The Atoms Family was created by Kathleen Crawford, 1994
Presentation developed by Tracy Trimpe, 2006, http://sciencespot.net/
Name:
Nelda Neutron
Description:
Neutral
Favorite Activity:Hanging out at the Nucleus
Arcade
In the center of Matterville, there
is a place called the Nucleus
Arcade, where two members of
the Atoms Family like to hang
out. Perky Patty Proton, like
her sisters, is quite large with a
huge smile and eyes that sparkle
(+). Patty is always happy and
has a very positive personality.
Nerdy Nelda Neutron is large
like Patty, but she has a boring,
flat mouth and eyes with zero
expression (o). Her family is
very apathetic and neutral about
everything. Patty, Nelda, and
their sisters spend all their time
at the arcade.
The Atoms Family Story
Name:
Patty Proton
Description:
Positive
Favorite Activity:Hanging out at the Nucleus
Arcade
Name:
Elliott Electron
Description:
Negative
Favorite Activity:
Racing around the arcade
Around the Nucleus Arcade, you
will find a series of roadways that
are used by another member of the
Atoms Family, Enraged Elliott
Electron. Elliott races madly
around the Arcade on his bright
red chrome-plated Harley-
Davidson. He rides so fast that no
one can be sure where he is at any
time. Elliott is much smaller than
Patty and Nelda and he is always
angry because these bigger
relatives will not let him in the
Arcade. He has a frown on his
face, eyes that are squinted with
anger, and a very negative (-)
attitude.
The first energy street can only hold
only two Electron brothers. The
second energy street, called the
Energy Freeway, can hold 8
brothers. The third energy street,
called the Energy Superhighway, can
hold 18 of the brothers.
Nucleus Arcade
Contains protons &
neutrons
Energy Freeway
Can hold 8
electrons
Energy
Superhighway Can
hold 18 electrons
Energy Street
Can hold 2
electrons
The morale of Matterville is stable as long as each negative Electron
brother is balanced out by one positive Proton sister. The number of
residents in Matterville depends on the Proton and Neutron families.
Challenge: What would happen to the morale of Matterville if one
Elliott Electron was kidnapped?
Challenge 2: What would happen to the morale of Matterville if
one Elliott Electron moved to Matterville?
1st Verse:
They’re tiny and they’re
teeny,
Much smaller than a beany,
They never can be seeny,
The Atoms Family.
Chorus
2nd Verse:
Together they make gases,
And liquids like molasses,
And all the solid masses,
The Atoms Family
Chorus
3rd Verse:
Neutrons can be found,
Where protons hang
around;
Electrons they surround
The Atoms Family.
Chorus
Chorus:
They are so small.
(Snap, snap)
They’re round like a ball.
(Snap, snap)
They make up the air.
They’re everywhere.
Can’t see them at all.
(Snap, snap)
They’re tiny and they’re
teeny,
Much smaller than a
beany,
They never can be seeny,
The Atoms Family.
They are so small.(Snap, snap)
They’re round like a ball.(Snap, snap)
They make up the air.
They’re everywhere.
Can’t see them at all.(Snap, snap)
Together they make gases,
And liquids like molasses,
And all the solid masses,
The Atoms Family
They are so small.(Snap, snap)
They’re round like a ball.(Snap, snap)
They make up the air.
They’re everywhere.
Can’t see them at all.(Snap, snap)
Neutrons can be found,
Where protons hang
around;
Electrons they surround
The Atoms Family.
They are so small.(Snap, snap)
They’re round like a ball.(Snap, snap)
They make up the air.
They’re everywhere.
Can’t see them at all.(Snap, snap)
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1st Verse:
They’re tiny and they’re
teeny,
Much smaller than a beany,
They never can be seeny,
The Atoms Family.
Chorus
2nd Verse:
Together they make gases,
And liquids like molasses,
And all the solid masses,
The Atoms Family
Chorus
3rd Verse:
Neutrons can be found,
Where protons hang
around;
Electrons they surround
The Atoms Family.
Chorus
Chorus:
They are so small.
(Snap, snap)
They’re round like a ball.
(Snap, snap)
They make up the air.
They’re everywhere.
Can’t see them at all.
(Snap, snap)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
Label the elements like this:
17
Chemical & Physical
Properties
Elements are categorized
in the Periodic Table by
their chemical & physical
properties.
18
Chemical & Physical PropertiesExamples of Physical Properties
–Density
–Boiling Point
–Melting Point
–Conductivity
–Heat Capacity
Examples of Chemical Properties
–Valence
–Reactivity
–Radioactivity19
20
Metals• They are solid (with the exception of
mercury, Hg, a liquid).
• They are shiny, good conductors of
electricity and heat.
• They are ductile (they can be drawn into
thin wires).
• They are malleable (they can be easily
hammered into very thin sheets).
• All these metals tend to lose electrons
easily
21
Non-metals
• brittle
• not malleable or
ductile
• poor conductors of
both heat and
electricity
• tend to gain
electrons in
chemical reactions22
Metaloids• The metalloids have
properties that are
somewhat of a cross
between metals and
nonmetals.
• They can be shiny or dull
• their shape is easily
changed
• Electricity and heat can
travel through metalloids
but not as easily as they
travel through metals.
(semiconductors) 23
Families
• Columns of elements are called groups or
families.
• Elements in each family have similar but not
identical properties.
• All elements in a family have the same
number of valence electrons.
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25
Hydrogen
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Alkali Metals
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Alkali Earth Metals
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Transition Metals
29
Boron Family
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Carbon Family
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Nitrogen Family
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Oxygen Family
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Halogens
34
Nobel Gases
35
Actinide SeriesLanthanide Series
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Periods
• Each horizontal row of elements is called a period.
• The elements in a period are not alike in properties.
• In fact, the properties change greatly across even given row.
• The first element in a period is always an extremely active solid. The last element in a period, is always an inactive gas.
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Valence Shell Electrons
• Electrons only in the outer shell of an atom
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# of Neutrons = Atomic Weight – Atomic Number
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H He Li Be B C
N O F Ne Na Mg
Al Si P S Cl Ar
42
Element Symbols – Lewis Dot Structures (Octet Rule)
