The Atmosphere “Vapor Globe/Ball”. Composition 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 1% Other (Argon,...
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Transcript of The Atmosphere “Vapor Globe/Ball”. Composition 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 1% Other (Argon,...
Composition
Composition
78% Nitrogen21% Oxygen1% Other (Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, other gases)
78% Nitrogen21% Oxygen1% Other (Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, other gases)
Air PressureAir Pressure Measure of force with which air molecules push on a surface Gravity pulls air molecules toward the Earth The closer to the surface you are, the more air pressure
– The lower the altitude, the higher the air pressure
Measure of force with which air molecules push on a surface Gravity pulls air molecules toward the Earth The closer to the surface you are, the more air pressure
– The lower the altitude, the higher the air pressure
LayersLayers Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere Based on temperature changes as altitude increases
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere Based on temperature changes as altitude increases
TroposphereTroposphere Lowest, but densest layer 90% of the total mass Contains all of Earth’s life, carbon dioxide, water, clouds, pollution, weather
Lowest, but densest layer 90% of the total mass Contains all of Earth’s life, carbon dioxide, water, clouds, pollution, weather
Stratosphere
Stratosphere
Air is very thin with little moisture Contains ozone layer
– Ozone has three oxygen atoms– The oxygen we breathe has two oxygen atoms– Ozone absorbs harmful UV radiation from the Sun
Air is very thin with little moisture Contains ozone layer
– Ozone has three oxygen atoms– The oxygen we breathe has two oxygen atoms– Ozone absorbs harmful UV radiation from the Sun
MesosphereMesosphere Coldest layer “Middle” layer Large wind storms
Coldest layer “Middle” layer Large wind storms
Thermosphere
Thermosphere
Gases absorb solar radiationEventually blends into space (exosphere)High temperature, but feels cold
– Air molecules move very fast– Air molecules are so far apart, they do not transfer energy
Gases absorb solar radiationEventually blends into space (exosphere)High temperature, but feels cold
– Air molecules move very fast– Air molecules are so far apart, they do not transfer energy
IonosphereIonosphere Upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere Nitrogen and oxygen atoms that absorb solar radiation Carries AM radio waves Aurora Borealis (northern lights)
Upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere Nitrogen and oxygen atoms that absorb solar radiation Carries AM radio waves Aurora Borealis (northern lights)
EnergyEnergy Radiation from the Sun Visible light is changed into heat energy Energy is moved around with radiation, conduction, and convection
Radiation from the Sun Visible light is changed into heat energy Energy is moved around with radiation, conduction, and convection
Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Effect
Atmosphere traps thermal energy near the Earth Keeps Earth livable Greenhouse gases are the only gases that trap thermal energy
– Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas
– Too much CO2 can cause global warming– Average global temperature would increase
Atmosphere traps thermal energy near the Earth Keeps Earth livable Greenhouse gases are the only gases that trap thermal energy
– Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas
– Too much CO2 can cause global warming– Average global temperature would increase
WindsWinds Caused by pressure differences Uneven heating of the earth causes pressure differences
– Equator has warmer, less dense air– Poles have colder, more dense air– Colder air is denser, so it sinks causing high pressure
Air moves from high pressure to low pressure
Caused by pressure differences Uneven heating of the earth causes pressure differences
– Equator has warmer, less dense air– Poles have colder, more dense air– Colder air is denser, so it sinks causing high pressure
Air moves from high pressure to low pressure
Types of Winds
Types of Winds
Trade Winds– 30° N or 30° S to the equator– Weak winds
Westerlies– 30°- 60° in northern and southern hemispheres
Polar Easterlies– 60° to poles in both hemispheres
Trade Winds– 30° N or 30° S to the equator– Weak winds
Westerlies– 30°- 60° in northern and southern hemispheres
Polar Easterlies– 60° to poles in both hemispheres
Types of Winds
Types of Winds
Jet Streams– Found in upper troposphere and lower stratosphere– Not regular patterns– Affects pilots
Local Winds– Wind that is affected by local geography
Jet Streams– Found in upper troposphere and lower stratosphere– Not regular patterns– Affects pilots
Local Winds– Wind that is affected by local geography
PollutionPollution Primary Pollutants- directly from human or natural activity
– car exhaust, volcanic ash, pollen, dust Secondary Pollutant- pollutants from primary pollutants reacting with other chemicals
– Smog is from car exhaust and ozone– Acid rain is from sulfur or nitrogen and water
Primary Pollutants- directly from human or natural activity
– car exhaust, volcanic ash, pollen, dust Secondary Pollutant- pollutants from primary pollutants reacting with other chemicals
– Smog is from car exhaust and ozone– Acid rain is from sulfur or nitrogen and water