THE ATMOSPHERE Gases that surround the earth. Mixture of gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon,...
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Transcript of THE ATMOSPHERE Gases that surround the earth. Mixture of gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon,...
THE ATMOSPHERE
Gases that surround the earth
Mixture of gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, dioxide
Changes constantlyex: animals breathe in oxygen breathe out carbon dioxide while plants take in carbon dioxide and send out oxygen
Insulates the earth’s surface from the sun’s raysQuestion: What is the current concern over our
atmosphere and why?
What is the mixture?Nitrogen makes up 78% of the earth’s atmosphere
and comes from the decay of plants/animals and volcanic eruptions
Oxygen makes up 18% of the atmosphere and comes from plants
Other gases such as methane, argon, and carbon dioxide make up the rest
As we get closer to the earth the air becomes denser (heavy) as we rise through the layers of the atmosphere, the earth’s air becomes lighter.
Provide an example of difficult areas to breathe?
Layers • The layers are defined by the changes in temperatures
and pressure– Troposphere- layer closest to the earth’s surface that
provides earth’s weather– Stratosphere-layer where the sun’s ultra violet rays are
absorbed in what is called the ozone layer– Mesosphere – coldest layer of the atmosphere at -93 C and
located in the middle of the atmosphere – Thermosphere- furthest away from the earth’s surface.
Temperature is 2000 C but does not feel as cold because of the separation of the atoms• Ionosphere - lower thermosphere the generates heat energy and
looks like light in the light skies of the North and South Pole
Exosphere – Outer Space
Energy of the Atmosphere• Air consists of electrons which are particles of energy called ion (atom that has a charge either positive or negative)
• Ionized air become hot and pushes out air which creates the thunder from the lightening.
• Sun is changed into energy in the earth’s atmosphere in three ways– Radiation-sun’s energy as it travels across space. Once it hits the
earth it is felt as heat– Conduction – is the flow of heat from warmer object to a colder
object when place directly in the line of heat– Convection – transfer of heat by air currents
As the sun’s ray travel to the earth energy travels as heat to the earth’s surface. As the surface of the earth heats up some of the radiation is absorbed and the rest is reflected back into the atmosphere.Air moves in a circular motion with cooler air sinking and warmer rising. As air warms up for the sun’s rays it rises cools and sinks back down. This constant motion is
Atmosphere conditions
• Tornado – strong storm winds that over land and touch down upon the ground starting in speeds slightly less than 110 mph
• Hurricane- strong winds that begin out over the sea and travel into land masses with wind speeds beginning at 74 mph
• Extreme Lightening – travels either up or down. It is a bright flash of light that moves energy through the atmosphere in bright electrical charges