The ATLSS High Resolution The ATLSS High Resolution Topography/Hydrology ModelTopography/Hydrology Model

Scott M. Duke-SylvesterScott M. Duke-Sylvester

ATLSS Project : University of TennesseeATLSS Project : University of Tennessee

Project web-site : www.atlss.orgE-mail : sylv@tiem.utk.edu

Overview of PresentationOverview of Presentation

Purpose of the High Resolution Purpose of the High Resolution Topography (HRT)/High Resolution Topography (HRT)/High Resolution Hydrology (HRH) modelsHydrology (HRH) models

HRT/HRH creationHRT/HRH creation Verification, calibration and validationVerification, calibration and validation Versions and availabilityVersions and availability

Purpose of the HRT/HRHPurpose of the HRT/HRH

To provide an estimate of finer scale To provide an estimate of finer scale spatial variation in hydrology for the spatial variation in hydrology for the ATLSS modelsATLSS models Resolution : 500x500 metersResolution : 500x500 meters Used by all ATLSS models including:Used by all ATLSS models including:

SESI modelsSESI models Fish model (ALFISH)Fish model (ALFISH) Deer/panther modelDeer/panther model

Why 500x500 meters?Why 500x500 meters?

Plants and animals respond to local Plants and animals respond to local variations in hydrology at a spatial variations in hydrology at a spatial resolution finer than the 2x2 mile SFWMM resolution finer than the 2x2 mile SFWMM blocks:blocks: Tree islandsTree islands Transition from slough to prairie Transition from slough to prairie Permanent ponds vs. marsh with transient Permanent ponds vs. marsh with transient

water depthswater depths

Tree Island : Skinner’s Camp

Slough to prairie transitionSlough to prairie transitionVariation in water depthsVariation in water depths

Wet

0

Dry

SFWMM HRH

HRT FeaturesHRT Features

Common resolution : 500x500 metersCommon resolution : 500x500 meters Available : 30x30 metersAvailable : 30x30 meters Coverage : Most of the natural areas of SFCoverage : Most of the natural areas of SF

HRH featuresHRH features

Common resolution : 500x500 metersCommon resolution : 500x500 meters Common time step : 5 daysCommon time step : 5 days Time span : Jan 1 1965 - Dec 31 1995Time span : Jan 1 1965 - Dec 31 1995

Adaptable to longer SFWMM runsAdaptable to longer SFWMM runs Spatial coverage : SFWMM regionSpatial coverage : SFWMM region Adaptable to use with other data setsAdaptable to use with other data sets

HRT CreationHRT Creation

Basic premise : Plants are present in Basic premise : Plants are present in locations where local topography and locations where local topography and hydrology combine to create favorable hydrology combine to create favorable hydroperiodshydroperiods Topography + Hydrology => VegetationTopography + Hydrology => Vegetation Vegetation + Hydrology => TopographyVegetation + Hydrology => Topography

InputsInputs

Hydrology : Hydrology : SFWMM Calibration/verification runSFWMM Calibration/verification run Vegetation : Vegetation : FGAPFGAP Hydroperiod ranges : Hydroperiod ranges : Literature, expert opinionLiterature, expert opinion Adaptable to other data setsAdaptable to other data sets

Hydrology DataHydrology Data

Transform the Stage Transform the Stage Height data into Height data into hydroperiod histograms.hydroperiod histograms. Describes the number of days at Describes the number of days at

or above each elevation.or above each elevation. We use an average of We use an average of

values from 1986 to values from 1986 to 1995. 1995.

Currently based on the Currently based on the Calibration/Validation Calibration/Validation (Cal/Val) run of the (Cal/Val) run of the SFWMM.SFWMM.

Class Hmax Hmin

0 0 01 365 3652 45 103 180 604 30 05 15 06 40 107 45 0…. …. ….

Hydroperiod values for vegetation types.

For each vegetation type in For each vegetation type in the FGAP map we estimate the FGAP map we estimate a range of hydroperiods.a range of hydroperiods.

The hydroperiod used for The hydroperiod used for any particular cell in the any particular cell in the FGAP map is interpolated as FGAP map is interpolated as follows:follows:

Hydroperiod values are Hydroperiod values are drawn from the literature.drawn from the literature.

Vegetation Map

Raster MapRaster Map high spatial resolutionhigh spatial resolution high spatial heterogeneityhigh spatial heterogeneity

Each cell contains an index Each cell contains an index value which represents one value which represents one vegetation type.vegetation type.

Currently based on the Currently based on the

Florida GAP Map.Florida GAP Map.

ProcessesProcesses

Class Max HP MinHp0 0 01 365 3652 45 103 180 604 30 05 15 06 40 107 45 0…. …. ….

Ep

HRH CreationHRH Creation

2x2 mile SFWMM hydrology data is 2x2 mile SFWMM hydrology data is distributed over a 500x500 meter HRTdistributed over a 500x500 meter HRT

Redistribution takes place on a 2x2 mile Redistribution takes place on a 2x2 mile cell basiscell basis

Total daily water volume is preserved in Total daily water volume is preserved in each celleach cell

Resulting hydrology has a 500x500 meter Resulting hydrology has a 500x500 meter resolutionresolution

VerificationVerification

Simple visual inspectionSimple visual inspection e.g. tree islands are higher than surrounding e.g. tree islands are higher than surrounding

sloughslough Comparison to independently computed Comparison to independently computed

valuesvalues Function testingFunction testing

CalibrationCalibration

The main features of the HRT that can be The main features of the HRT that can be calibrated are the hydroperiod ranges for calibrated are the hydroperiod ranges for each vegetation type.each vegetation type. Hydroperiod ranges estimated from published Hydroperiod ranges estimated from published

literatureliterature Expert opinionExpert opinion

HRH ValidationHRH Validation

Comparison of HRH water depths to measured Comparison of HRH water depths to measured water depthswater depths Time series : Feb, Apr, Jul, Oct, Dec 1995Time series : Feb, Apr, Jul, Oct, Dec 1995 Region : WCA-3 and Shark River SloughRegion : WCA-3 and Shark River Slough 16 sites, 3 plots at each site16 sites, 3 plots at each site

rr22 for HRH to field data : 0.289 for HRH to field data : 0.289 rr22 for SFWMM to field data : 0.236 for SFWMM to field data : 0.236 Gaff, H. 1999. Spatial heterogeneity in Gaff, H. 1999. Spatial heterogeneity in

ecological models : two case studies. PhD. ecological models : two case studies. PhD. Dissertation, University of Tennessee.Dissertation, University of Tennessee.

HRT ValidationHRT Validation Comparison to USGS HAEDComparison to USGS HAED

Compared the mean elevation and variance between Compared the mean elevation and variance between the HRT, USGS High Accuracy Elevation Data (HAED) the HRT, USGS High Accuracy Elevation Data (HAED) and SFWMM data.and SFWMM data.

HRT variance is more HRT variance is more similar to HAED similar to HAED variancevariance

HRT mean is lower HRT mean is lower than either SFWMM than either SFWMM or HAED meanor HAED mean

ConclusionConclusion

HRT is not an exact fit to measured HRT is not an exact fit to measured elevations.elevations.

HRT is generating a level of topographic HRT is generating a level of topographic variation consistent with the HAED data in variation consistent with the HAED data in many instances.many instances.

Further calibration of model will improve Further calibration of model will improve the fit between the HRT output and HAED. the fit between the HRT output and HAED.

Application to Restoration Application to Restoration PlanningPlanning

Provides an estimate of topography and Provides an estimate of topography and hydrology to other models at a spatial hydrology to other models at a spatial resolution relevant to ecological modelingresolution relevant to ecological modeling

VersionsVersions Version 1.0Version 1.0

Available for use todayAvailable for use today Has been used in the pastHas been used in the past

1997-1998 hydrology scenario evaluation1997-1998 hydrology scenario evaluation Based on:Based on:

FGAP 2.1FGAP 2.1 Hydroperiod values from Michael HustonHydroperiod values from Michael Huston SFWMM 3.4, Calibration/verification runSFWMM 3.4, Calibration/verification run

Version 2.0Version 2.0 Available by June 30 2002Available by June 30 2002 Based on:Based on:

FGAP 6.6FGAP 6.6 Hydroperiod values from Paul WetzelHydroperiod values from Paul Wetzel SFWMM 3.5, Calibration/verification runSFWMM 3.5, Calibration/verification run

Calibrated with latest USGS HAEDCalibrated with latest USGS HAED

AvailabilityAvailability

HRT mapsHRT maps Created at UTCreated at UT Maps are available to collaborating agenciesMaps are available to collaborating agencies

ENP, SFWMD …ENP, SFWMD …

High Resolution Hydrology High Resolution Hydrology Created as part of the ATLSS SESI packageCreated as part of the ATLSS SESI package Sun/Solaris WorkstationsSun/Solaris Workstations

ENPENP

Collaborators/ContributorsCollaborators/Contributors

FGAP : FGAP : Leonard PearlstineLeonard Pearlstine SFWMM : SFWMM : Ken C. Tarboton, SFWMDKen C. Tarboton, SFWMD ATLSS : ATLSS :

Paul Wetzel, ATLSSPaul Wetzel, ATLSS Charley Comiskey, ATLSSCharley Comiskey, ATLSS Michael Huston, ORNLMichael Huston, ORNL

E-mail : E-mail : sylv@tiem.utk.edusylv@tiem.utk.edu Web site : Web site : www.atlss.org/~www.atlss.org/~sylvsylv