The Athenian Agora II: Coins from the Roman through the Venetian ...

THE ATHENIAN AGORA RESULTS OF EXCAVATIONS

CONDUCTED BY

THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS

VOLUME II

COINS

FROM THE ROMAN THROUGH THE VENETIAN PERIOD

BY

MARGARET THOMPSON

fbj AP A J Ak~

THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS

PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY

I954

American School of Classical Studies at Athensis collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve, and extend access to

The Athenian Agorawww.jstor.org

®

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

PRINTED IN GERMANY at J.J.AUGUSTIN GLOCKSTADT

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

PREFACE

Between the years 1931 and 1949 the American excavations in the Athenian Agora produced

55,492 coins of Roman and later periods. The catalogued entries in this publication, ranging in date from the last century of the Roman Republic to the declining years of the Republic of Venice, total 37,090 specimens; the remaining Islamic and Modern Greek pieces have been listed summarily in order that the tally may be complete. This is an overwhelming amount of

coinage, which in sheer quantity represents a collection comparable to many in the numismatic museums of the world. Unfortunately very few of the Agora coins are museum pieces, but lamentable as is their general condition to the eye of the coin collector or the cataloguer, they do provide for the historian an invaluable record of the money circulating in one of the chief cities of antiquity from the time of Sulla to our own present.

The Agora Excavations are still in progress. Coins have been unearthed since 1949 and more will certainly result from successive years of digging until the project is at last finished. How- ever, the area as a whole has been excavated in depth; what remains to be done is more in the nature of a cleaning-up operation, from which coins emerge in fairly small numbers. There is no reason to suppose that whatever is found in the future will affect the present picture to

any appreciable extent.

For the classification of the Agora coins an admirable recording system was developed by Mrs. T. Leslie Shear, who has been in charge of the Coin Department from the beginning of the excavation program. Each identifiable coin was given a separate envelope on which were typed details of size, metal, provenance, date of finding, description and reference. These envelopes were filed chronologically by excavation sections. In every case, the same information was transcribed on individual catalogue cards, which were arranged by emperors and types. While the coins remain in Athens and will eventually form an integral part of the contemplated Agora Museum, the cards were brought to this country for study purposes and are now located at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. It is from these cards that the present publication has been compiled.

There is no need to point out the drawbacks involved in working from a card catalogue with the documents themselves five thousand miles distant. Ideally each coin should have been checked prior to publication. An undertaking of this sort would require someone thoroughly experienced in excavation material and able to devote several years to a slow and painstaking reexamination. Perhaps such a person could have been found in the course of time. I confess that my spirit quails at the very thought of going back over 3775 coins of Manuel and 1855 of Constantius II, and it seems to me doubtful that the resulting increase in accuracy would be commensurate with the labor involved. Without any question there are mistakes in the present tabulation -mistakes of identification and mistakes of transcription. Many individuals worked

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

vi THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS

at one time or another on the classification and on the records. We would all, I think, agree that in the course of our exposure to the swollen, chipped and defaced scraps of metal which excavations invariably produce, we at times saw things we ought not to have seen and left unseen those things which we ought to have seen. Yet in all sincerity I do not believe that such errors are numerous, and I am confident that those which do exist have no real significance against a background of 37,000 coins.

The inaccessibility of the material has in some cases presented particular problems for a detailed tabulation. Where criteria of style determine the attribution of issues identical in type, I have, without the coins before me, been unable even to attempt a distinction between the different mints. Such pieces have been listed under the city supplying the greater proportion of the Agora coinage for the period, and reference has been made in the commentary to the

possibility of an alternative mint. The amount of illustrative material is admittedly slight. Most of the coins are well-known types which need none, but I should have liked to reproduce all variant and unusual specimens. Unfortunately, as will be obvious from even a cursory glance at the plates, the condition of the average excavation piece is so bad that illustration is almost useless. Even if it were otherwise, I could not feel justified in imposing so great a burden of

sorting, selecting and cast-making on someone else.

To offset in some measure the handicaps, I have been most fortunate in having the help of Mrs. William P. Wallace, who spent the first four months of 1952 in Athens and who generously offered to examine coins whose identification seemed open to question. Mrs. Wallace checked

nearly 300 pieces and her efforts have rectified some uncertain readings and verified others. The notation "confirmed" in many sections of the commentary derives from her labors.

All of these difficulties were given careful consideration before it was decided to undertake this tabulation. In the end it was felt by the majority of those directly concerned that the

advantages of prompt publication, even allowing for inevitable shortcomings, overbalanced the

disadvantages. With a few notable exceptions, coins tend to be the stepchildren of excavations. Their publication, if attempted at all, is often delayed beyond the period of greatest utility. For those now working on other Agora material and for anyone concerned with the history of Athens, the coins provide vital evidence for the political and economic vicissitudes of the city, evidence which cannot safely be disregarded. Bringing this fundamental material out in usable form at the earliest possible moment has, therefore, seemed highly desirable.

The record in its entirety is here, but it cannot be overemphasized that it is intended pri- marily as a record and not as a definitive study of the Roman and Byzantine coinage from the Agora. It is to be hoped that whatever sections seem worthy of further research and inter- pretation will be expanded into special publications as opportunity arises. Attention should also be given to the hoard material. Surprisingly few closed deposits of Roman and later periods were found, and in general their chief importance was in dating the contexts in which they were buried rather than in their intrinsic composition. Nevertheless they should be analyzed and worked over in connection with the excavation records. In this catalogue such coins have been included only as individual pieces without reference to their hoard associations.

For the most part the format of the tabulation is borrowed directly from Alfred R. Bellinger's excellent and thoroughly usable publication of the coins from Dura-Europos. Every effort has

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

PREFACE vii

been made to provide sufficient information to make the record useful without compelling the reader to refer constantly to the standard catalogues and at the same time to compress the data into reasonably economical limits. These considerations have influenced the seemingly inconsistent pattern which the arrangement of the descriptive material presents for different

periods. All issues of any given emperor are grouped together in a silver, antoniniani, bronze

sequence with each category listed chronologically. The catalogue numbers of silver coins are in italic type and the same convention has been used for plated and billon specimens. An asterisk

following a number indicates that there is some discussion of that entry in the commentary.

Unless otherwise specified, the dates and mint identifications are those of the cited reference works. In some cases, notably with the British Museum publications of the Roman period, the dates suggested in the introductions are at times more specific than those given in the catalogues proper. Where such restricted datings seem well-established, they have been adopted in prefer- ence to broader chronological divisions. Mention has been made in the commentary of some articles supplementing or superseding the general reference books, but undoubtedly many valuable studies have been overlooked, which would need to be considered in any final study of the

currency.

For the later Roman period, where uncertainty exists as to the nomenclature of the various denominations, I have followed Pearce's formula of AE1, AE2, AE3 and AE4. This equates roughly with Cohen and Sabatier in this manner:

AE1 - Cohen GB AE2 - Cohen MB -= Sabatier AE1 AE3 -= Cohen PB -= Sabatier AE2 AE4 = Cohen PB Q = Sabatier AE3

Such differentiation in size is, of course, only relative within any given period and not absolute in any sense.

Mint marks have been omitted from this listing although they are recorded on the catalogue cards. The Agora coins provide additions to the officinae striking certain types, as cited by Maurice for the Constantinian era and by Wroth for the early Byzantine, but such additions are of minor significance and it was felt that little useful purpose would be served by a long and detailed record of the various officinae and their proportionate representation. Where, however, there is a new or unusual form of the mint mark, it has been noted in the commentary.

There remains the pleasant duty of sharing whatever merit this publication may possess. The primary credit belongs without question to Mrs. Shear and her co-workers in the Agora whose composite labors created the overall record. Of the many Americans and Greeks who spent months and years on the cleaning, identifying and cataloguing of these coins, I know only a few and it would be unfair to single them out by name, but I cannot forbear a word of appreciation to Miss Aziza Kokoni who worked with me in 1948 on the residue of coins from earlier excavation seasons. Without her competent aid it would have been impossible to complete the classification of this backlog for inclusion in the tabulation. To my associates at the Agora I should like to express my warm thanks, particularly to Miss Lucy Talcott for her kindness in providing materials and to Professor Homer A. Thompson for the opportunity of publishing this report and for helpful advice in connection with its contents. My debt to Pro-

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

viii THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS

fessor and Mrs. William P. Wallace for casts and the checking of dubious coins is a very real one, for which a brief acknowledgment such as this is entirely inadequate. Mrs. Aline L. A. Boyce, my colleague at the American Numismatic Society, has given me many valuable suggestions and has responded with great patience to my many demands on her time. Above all, I am deeply grateful to Professor Alfred R. Bellinger, whose keen interest helped to initiate this project and whose encouragement and generous assistance have done much to bring it to fruition.

AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY MARGARET THOMPSON

NEW YORK

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE .................................................. V

ROMAN AND BYZANTINE COINAGE RATIOS ..................... X

INTRODUCTION ............. ................................ 1

ABBREVIATIONS IN THE CATALOGUE ........................... 8

CATALOGUE

ROMAN REPUBLICAN COINAGE ..............................

9

ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE .............................. 10

"VANDALIC" COINAGE .................................. 64

BYZANTINE IMPERIAL COINAGE ........................... 667

FRANKISH COINAGE ..................................... 76

MINOR COINAGES OF GREECE AND THE ISLANDS ............ 78

FRENCH COINAGE ....................................... 78

ITALIAN COINAGE ...................................... 79

VENETIAN COINAGE .................................... 80

NUMERICAL SUMMARY ...................................... 88

COMMENTARY .............................................. 87

INDEX

RULERS ............................................... 119

MINTS ................................................ 121

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

ROMAN AND BYZANTINE COINAGE RATIOS The listing below, relating the amount of Agora coinage of any given emperor with the length of his reign, shows the

fluctuations of the currency more clearly than a straight tabulation of coin totals. For the Byzantine era, the anonymous issues have been assigned to definite emperors in line with the commentary discussion. The Roman coinage, because of the complications of posthumous issues, joint reigns and anonymous strikings of indefinite date, has at times been grouped by periods rather than individual reigns.

ROMAN APPROXIMATE

EMPEROR PERIOD or PER YEAR

Augustus ............. 27 B.C.-14 A.D. 1/ Tiberius .............. 14-37 A.D.

1/11 Claudius .............. 41-54 A.D.

1/13 Nero ................. 54-68 A.D. '/7 Galba-Otho .......... 68-69 A.D. 2 Vespasian ............ 69-79 A.D. 1 Titus ............... 79-81 A.D. 1 Domitian ............ 81-96 A.D. 1 Nerva ................ 96-98 A.D. 2 Trajan ............... 98-117 A.D. 2 Hadrian .............. 117-138 A.D. 3 Antoninus Pius ........ 138-161 A.D. 3 M. Aurelius-L. Verus ... 161-180 A.D. 3 Commodus ............ 180-192 A.D. 1 Didius Julianus-

Caracalla ........... 193-217 A.D. 2 Elagabalus ............ 218-222 A.D. 1 Severus Alexander ..... 222-235 A.D. 3 Maximinus I-Pupienus . 235-288 A.D. 8 Gordian III ........... 238-244 A.D. 9 Philip I .............. 244-249 A.D. 8 Trajan Decius-

Herennius .......... 249-251 A.D. 6 Trebonianus-Aemilian .. 251-253 A.D. 15 Valerian I-Gallienus ... 253-260 A.D. 13 Gallienus ............. 260-268 A.D. 49 Claudius II-Quintillus . 268-270 A.D. 7 Aurelian ............ 270-275 A.D. 36 Tacitus-Florian ....... 275-276 A.D. 16 Probus .............. 276-282 A.D. 16 Carus-Numerian ....... 282-284 A.D. 8 Diocletian-Tetrarchies . 284-307 A.D. 11 Licinius I-Constantine . 307-337 A.D. 25 Sons Constantine- Jovian 337-364 A.D. 109 Valentinian I-Arcadius . 364-408 A.D. 88 Honorius-Theodosius II 408-423 A.D. 4 Theodosius II-

Valentinian III ..... 423-450 A.D. 9 Marcian .............. 450-457 A.D. 15 Leo I ............... 457-474 A.D. 9 Zeno ................. 474-491 A.D. 1/9

"VANDALIC" ...... c. 410-580 A.D. 40

BYZANTINE APPROXIMATE

EMPEROR PERIOD or CINs PER YEAR

Anastasius I .......... 491-518 A.D. 1 Justin I .............. 518-527 A.D. 1 Justinian I ........... 527-565 A.D. 3 Justin II ............ 565-578 A.D. 13 Tiberius II ........... 578-582 A.D. 5 Maurice .............. 582-602 A.D. 1 Phocas .............. 602-610 A.D. 6 Heraclius ............. 610-641 A.D. 8 Constans II

............ 641-668 A.D. 30 Constantine IV ........ 668-685 A.D. 2 Justinian II (1st) ...... 685-695 A.D. 1/1o Tiberius III ........... 698-705 A.D. 1/7

Justinian II (2nd) ..... 705-711 A.D. 1 Philippicus ........... 711-713 A.D. 30 Anastasius II ......... 713-716 A.D. 2 Leo III .............. 717-741 A.D. 1 Constantine V ......... 741-775 A.D.

/17 Leo IV ............... 775-780 A.D. 1/5 Constantine VI ........ 780-797 A.D. 1/17

Irene ................. 797-802 A.D. 1/5

Leo V ................ 813-820 A.D. 1/7 Michael II ............ 820-829 A.D. 1/4

Theophilus ............ 829-842 A.D. 1/ Michael III ........... 842-867 A.D.

1/26 Basil I ............... 867-886 A.D. 1 Leo VI ............. 886-912 A.D. 3 Constantine VII ....... 913-959 A.D. 5 Nicephorus II ......... 963-969 A.D. 8 John I-Basil II and

Constantine ......... 969-989 A.D. 5 Basil II-

Constantine VIII .... 989-1028 A.D. 13 Romanus III .......... 1028-1034 A.D. 39 Michael IV ..... .... 1034-1041 A.D. 21 Constantine IX ........ 1042-1055 A.D. 8 Isaac I ............... 1057-1059 A.D. 6 Constantine X ........ 1059-1067 A.D. 13 Romanus IV .......... 1067-1071 A.D. 31 Michael VII ........... 1071-1078 A.D. 35 Nicephorus III ........ 1078-1081 A.D. 345 Alexius I ............ 1081-1118 A.D. 34 John II .............. 1118-1148 A.D. 6 Manuel I ............. 1148-1180 A.D. 102 Andronicus I ......... .1188-1185 A.D. 39 Isaac II ............,. 1185-1195 A.D. 16 Alexius III ........... 1195-1203 A.D. 2

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

INTRODUCTION

N o one working over the great mass of coinage from Roman and Byzantine Athens could fail to become interested in its numismatic and historical implications. Any comprehensive

appraisal, even had I the competence to undertake it, has no place within the confines of this

report, but mention might be made of a few noteworthy considerations, whose full significance can best be appreciated in relation to the outline on the opposite page.'

For the most part the picture presented by the Agora coins is entirely consistent with the

history of Athens as we know it from other sources. The first Roman piece dates from the time of Sulla; there is nothing from the earlier period of the Republic. Twelve denarii have survived from the sixty years between Sulla and Augustus-five struck by Antony and seven by various moneyers. Considering the dearth of silver coinage from the Agora, this is a sizable total, espe- cially when contrasted with the yield of the preceding and succeeding centuries. Of the hundreds of thousands of New Style coins which must have been issued over the span of a hundred or more years, the excavations revealed exactly one tetradrachm and one drachm; only six denarii have come down from the century separating the'reigns of Augustus and Vespasian. Against this background, the twelve denarii of late Republican date would seem to indicate a substantial amount of Roman silver circulating in Athens between 86 and 27 B.C., and the first

appearance of this money about the time of the sack of the city by the Romans is a factor which must be taken into account by anyone studying the Athenian New Style and the Athe- nian Imperial sequences. Other evidence, literary and archaeological, points to a relatively rapid recovery in Athens from the devastation of 86 B.C. During this period students from Rome came to attend Athenian schools, and the bond between the two cities was greatly strengthened by the visit of Pompey c. 63/2 B.C. in the course of which the Roman general made generous gifts to individual Athenian philosophers and donated fifty talents toward the restoration of the city (Plutarch XLII, 6). Some of this money may have been expended on the erection of new civic offices in the Agora area, the addition of a porch to the Tholos and other building enterprises dating from the first century B.C.

1. The archaeological material in the discussion which follows is derived from the Agora excavation reports appearing in Hesperia (Vols. I-XX) and to an even greater extent from the observations and suggestions of Professor Homer A. Thomp- son, Director of the Agora Excavations. For the Byzantine period I am deeply indebted to Professor Kenneth M. Setton for the generosity with which he has shared his knowledge of the literary sources and made available manuscripts now in process of publication. To him I owe the reference to the inflation policy of Nicephorus III (G. Ostrogorsky, Vierteljahrschrift f. Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, XX, pp. 66, 69f.) and the tentative association of the iconoclastic decrees with the scarcity. of coinage for the eighth and ninth centuries. Much of the historical evidence relating to Byzantine Athens is drawn from two of Professor Setton's published articles ("The Bulgars in the Balkans and the Occupation of Corinth in the Seventh Century", Speculum, 1950, pp. 502-543 and "Athens in the Later Twelfth Century", Speculum, 1944, pp. 179-207).

While I am aware that there is a difference of opinion as to the date of the occupation of Corinth and the particular Northern tribe which left evidence of its presence in the form of buckles found in Corinthian graves (see Corinth, XII, The Minor Objects, p.5, note 8), it seems to me that the proportions of coinage from the Agora do substantiate Professor Setton's arguments for a Bulgaric invasion in the mid-seventh century.

1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

2 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS

For the first century of the Empire, the number of coins is insignificant although the era was

certainly one of material prosperity as is attested by the construction of the Odeion in the

Agora and the completion of the Market of Caesar and Augustus. Apparently the ordinary requirements of the city were adequately met by the local bronze issues, whose chronology and

proportions will be fundamental data in any final evaluation of the currency of early Roman Athens. During the second century after Christ the Athenian Imperial coinage begins to be

supplemented to a noticeable extent by the silver and bronze of Trajan, Hadrian and the An- tonines, a circumstance which undoubtedly reflects the deep interest of those emperors in Athens and their many contributions to her welfare and embellishment. This was a period of

splendid civic enterprises: the endowment of great libraries, the erection of the Odeion of Herodes Atticus and the completion of the Temple of Olympian Zeus. In the Agora region it left its imprint in structural improvements to the Tholos and the Odeion and in new housing complexes and baths on the outskirts of the market proper.

From the time of Nerva through that of Severus Alexander the coinage shows a consistent

pattern in the correlation of the coin totals with the length of the individual reigns. Under Maximinus and his successors there is a marked increase in the Roman money in circulation, culminating during the sole reign of Gallienus in a vast amount of coinage which is not sur- passed until the time of Constantius II. One reason for this expansion of the mid-third century must have been the tapering off and cessation of the Athenian Imperial issues; another factor

may have been the need for strengthening the city against the barbarian threat from the North. The high proportion for the sole reign of Gallienus is certainly to be explained by the disaster of 267 A.D. when the Heruli overwhelmed Athens and left an appalling swath of devastation

throughout the Agora area. In the burned debris of houses destroyed during the holocaust, the excavators have found Gallienus coins in quantity, unmistakable evidence of the haste with which the inhabitants fled or were overcome by the invaders.

Extensive as was the damage of 267 A.D., it seems to have had, judging from the coinage, less lasting and crippling effect on the life of the city than one might suppose. The sole reign coins of Gallienus have been arranged chronologically only for the mint of Antioch, but of the

seventy-eight pieces from that city, Alfoldi assigns ten to the final year of Gallienus' rule and another nine specimens to the 266-268 A.D. period. For Claudius Gothicus' short reign there is a fair quantity of money, and the proportion for Aurelian is not greatly inferior to that for Gallienus.

The last quarter of the third century marks a temporary recession in the monetary cycle of Athens, followed in the course of the next hundred years by the tremendous output of the sons of Constantine and the only slightly less impressive totals of the Valentinian-Theodosius- Arcadius era. Since Athens as a whole enjoyed a substantial measure of prosperity and academic renown during the fourth century-the Emperor Julian being only one of many notables whose ties with the city were close and affectionate-one might logically construe the mass of Con- stantinian and Valentinian coinage as proof of extensive habitation and activity in the Agora region. Such seems not to have been the case at all. Under Probus, blocks and capitals from the celebrated civic buildings were used in the construction of the "Valerian" Wall, a new defense line for the city. Gradually the population withdrew behind this fortification, and for most of the fourth century the Agora area was apparently used as a dump! Thousands of bronzes of the Houses of Constantine and Valentinian would seem to have been tossed away carelessly with the rubbish thrown into the abandoned marketplace.

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

INTRODUCTION 3

According to the excavation record, it was only about 400 A.D. that there was a real ex-

pansion of habitation outside the narrow confines of the "Valerian" Wall, in some instances in areas left desolate from the time of the Herulian invasion. Construction operations involving the Bouleuterion and the Metroon and the erection of a complex of "University Buildings" on the site of the Odeion also date from the early fifth century. Here the numismatic evidence is

seemingly at variance with the archaeological, for after the death of Arcadius in 408 A.D. the

imperial issues show a sharp decline. The discrepancy is, I think, merely a superficial one. It is evident that during most of the fifth century and well into the sixth the medium of exchange in Athens consisted of the miserable "Vandalic" chips which are omnipresent in the excavations. In the light of the number found in the Agora (4796 pieces) it is impossible to maintain

any longer that all of these coins were struck by the Vandals or any other barbaric people. Most of them must, as is indicated more fully in the commentary, be brought into some kind of association with the standard imperial issues, and are probably to be regarded as the work of

outlying mints cut off from the direct supervision of the capital during the recurrent barbarian crises. In any case, whatever the origin of this coinage, the fact remains that it must be included in the fifth century totals if one is to establish a reasonably accurate picture of the amount of money circulating in Athens during that period. There are then roughly 5400 coins, imperial and "Vandalic," representing about 120 years from Honorius to Justinian, or a yearly average of some 45 pieces. While this represents a falling-off from the proportions of the fourth

century, the decline is not so pronounced as to conflict seriously with the topographical evidence. For the Byzantine era the coins are of special significance because Athenian history during

those centuries is often not clearly defined, but the numismatic material should now be evalu- ated with added caution in view of the fact that restriking becomes a common practice at various periods. One cannot be certain how much money of any given emperor was originally current, since we have no way of knowing what proportion from different parts of the empire was called in and reissued by a successor. Furthermore, for the early sixth century the "Van- dalic" coinage must still be taken into consideration. The long reigns of Anastasius and Jus- tinian I are represented by relatively few of the new imperial denominations. It is reasonable to assume that the "Vandalic" pieces, many of which belong to the Anastasius- Justinian

period, continued to be used extensively and because of their comparatively slight value were less carefully handled than the large new pieces from the imperial mints. One also wonders if the constant pressure from the barbarian tribes, whose infiltrations apparently extended as far south as Attica during the reign of Justinian, may not have impoverished Athens to such a degree that there was little need for the more valuable currency, only small change being required for the average commercial transaction.

With Justin II there is a decided increase in the number of large flan bronzes found in the Agora, but this seemingly reflects a deterioration rather than an improvement of conditions in the city. The archaeological evidence reveals widespread destruction in the Agora area toward the end of the sixth century, resulting in another withdrawal of the inhabitants behind the "Valerian" Wall; the literary tradition indicates that in 578 A.D. or shortly thereafter a mighty horde of Slavs forced the pass at Thermopylae and descended into Attica. In all probability this Slavic invasion was the occasion for the evacuation of the Agora region, and the Justin coins found there, some in the burned fill of buildings, are to be related to the hasty and enforced departure of its residents.

The twenty-seven year reign of Constans II left 817 coins in the Agora, a proportion almost 1*

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


as striking as that encountered four centuries earlier under Gallienus. Several possible explana- tions are suggested by the historical record. There is good reason to believe that in the late 640's a Bulgaric army invaded Greece, attacking and capturing Corinth. The logical route of the barbarians would have been from Thessalonica to Athens and then across the Isthmus to Corinth. More tangible proof that Athens and the Agora came into direct contact with the

Bulgars is provided by the remains of fire destruction dating from the seventh century and the

discovery of Bulgaric buckles similar to those uncovered in Corinthian graves. About 657/8 A.D. Constans organized a relief expedition for Thessalonica, and an auxiliary force may well have been dispatched to the aid of Athens and Corinth. Finally the emperor himself spent some time in Athens in 662 A.D. prior to his departure for Sicily. The large number of Constans coins from the Agora may plausibly be associated not only with the original Bulgaric invasion but also with the later appearance of Constans and his Byzantine soldiery in the city.

After the death of Constans II there is a long period of very scant coinage, broken only once

by the phenomenon of sixty-one coins from the two year reign of Philippicus. Some unusual circumstance of which we have no knowledge must have been responsible for this disproportionate amount of money. The situation is all the stranger in that, prior to the Agora Excava- tions, the bronze I denomination of Philippicus was practically unknown and to the best of

my belief specimens have not been found in other excavations. Among the Agora coins there are three varieties of the general I type and almost without exception they are restruck, usually over issues of Justinian II. Because of the Athenian provenance of so many of these coins and their scarcity elsewhere, one is tempted to suggest a local origin. Perhaps some breakdown in communications between capital and province or an attempt on Philippicus' part to decentralize minting operations would account for Athens being permitted or instructed to restrike money of Justinian in current circulation with the types of Philippicus.

The remainder of the eighth and most of the ninth century are almost devoid of coinage; only thirteen specimens have survived from the 125 years between Constantine V and Basil I. Significantly enough there is little in the way of Agora habitation, in the form of either structural remains or pottery, which can be dated to the same period, and one concludes that Athens had shrunk in area and population to little more than a village. It is a curious coincidence that the absence of coinage in Athens occurs at just about the time that the iconoclastic decrees, so

bitterly resented by the Greek iconodules, were being promulgated. It would almost seem as though the province were deliberately cutting itself off from the capital, but one is still hard- pressed to explain how even a moderate sized community could exist for so long without monetary replenishments.

These "Dark Ages" were not confined to Athens. At Corinth one finds the same lack of coinage for the entire eighth century, but recovery there begins with the reign of Theophilus (829-842 A.D.) whereas in Athens it is only toward the middle of the tenth century that the coins reappear in quantity. The revival of prosperity at Athens may have been delayed by incursions of the Moslem pirates who harassed the Greek mainland and islands and possibly occupied Athens for a brief interval during the first half of the tenth century.

After the Aegean had been cleared of piracy through the efforts of Nicephorus II and John Zimisces, Athens experienced a growth in size and population. The eleventh and twelfth centuries have left remains of extensive house foundations and pottery deposits in the Agora, and the abundance of the coinage gives further proof of a flourishing Byzantine community. It is during this period that the Agora coins make what is perhaps their most important contri-

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

INTRODUCTION 5

bution of a purely numismatic nature. With the 2200 anonymous issues found in the excavations, it has been possible to develop a chronological arrangement of the whole series which rests on a firm basis of overstrike evidence. From the time of John Zimisces to that of Nicephorus III there are 1512 anonymous pieces and 41 signed coins, a contrast which would seem to imply that in the Greek provinces and probably throughout the empire as a whole, the anonymous issues provided the basic currency, the named types representing little more than token emissions. Under Nicephorus the situation is reversed in favor of the signed money which now

appears in profusion. In the Agora, 677 named and 359 anonymous coins date from Nicephorus' three year reign between 1078 and 1081 A.D. This proportion is unique for the entire Roman and Byzantine period and quite inexplicable in terms of our present knowledge of Byzantine Athens. Nicephorus, like his successor Alexius, was forced by economic crises to adopt a policy of planned inflation involving a debasement of the currency, but this in itself would not seem an adequate explanation of the overwhelming increase in money for this one short period.

The figures for Alexius and Manuel are even higher than those for Nicephorus but less star-

tling because of the longer reigns. Their totals and those of Andronicus and Isaac II point to an era of sustained prosperity throughout the twelfth century, ending with the occupation of the city by the Franks in 1204 A.D. For the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries the issues of William of Villehardouin and the de la Roche family and later the Venetian money of Andrea Contarini and Antonio Venier supply the city with a fair amount of currency. From 1400 A.D. there is practically nothing until the Ottoman occupation.

Even this cursory attempt to correlate the Agora coinage with the archaeological and historical evidence illustrates the various factors which determine the survival rate of ancient money. It is evident that peak coinages are at times a measure of the size and prosperity of the community. When there is extensive habitation of a site over a considerable number of years, as happened in eleventh and twelfth century Athens, a substantial amount of currency is required and in the course of daily living a sizable proportion finds its way into the streets, drains and wells of the city. It is equally clear that a sharp increase in coin totals may be the sign of a sudden catastrophe, such as the Herulian invasion, when money and other possessions are abandoned in a desperate effort to escape destruction. Apart from such external conditions, the coinage statistics from any excavation naturally bear a close relationship to the intrinsic value of the individual coins. One of the startling facts emerging from the tabulation of the Agora material is the trifling representation of gold and silver. The 37,090 catalogued entries include exactly one gold piece of Venice and 135 silver coins, among them plated specimens but no billon. Over the course of fifteen centuries there certainly must have been a fair quantity of gold and silver circulating in Athens, but when such coins were misplaced, the loss was a serious one and the search not lightly abandoned. On the other hand the copious bronze issues of the fourth and fifth centuries were, as contrasted with the silver or even the antoniniani, of comparatively slight value. Their purchasing power must have been low and an individual piece, once dropped or mislaid, would probably have seemed scarcely worth the trouble of retrieval.

One of the major contributions of the Agora coinage is its detailed record of the mints from which Athens derived her money at different periods. From Augustus through Gallienus, Rome is naturally enough the chief, and at times the only, source of supply, although under Valerian and Gallienus the Asia mints are increasingly important. With Aurelian and Severina the shift is definitely eastward - Siscia furnishing at least 55 pieces and Cyzicus 38 of 174 coins. Of

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


Probus' 101 specimens, 24 are from Siscia with 27 from Cyzicus; the latter mint provides over one half of the combined totals for Diocletian and Maximianus.

From the time of Licinius I through Theodosius II, including all emperors represented by any appreciable amount of coinage, the major identifiable sources are as follows:

Rome Aquileia Siscia Thess. Heraclea Const. Nicomedia Cyzicus Antioch Alexandria

Licinius I................ 1 2 6 4 19 6 1 1 Licinius II .............. 1 2 3 3 2 Constantine I ............ 18 4 13 44 21 84 63 60 38 6 Urbs Roma .............. 1 2 15 4 21 6 18 2 Constantinople ........... 10 10 14 14 10 2 1 Crispus ................. 1 1 5 4 3 2 2 Constantine II ............. 2 1 9 22 19 25 18 27 8 3 Constantius II .......... 16 10 18 169 73 247 131 220 87 19 Constans I .............. 4 2 6 60 15 64 48 74 8 5 Constantius Gallus ....... 1 4 6 8 19 12 16 1 Julian II ................ 3 1 3 41 4 39 15 23 11 4 House Constantine ....... 8 2 8 40 16 92 49 57 17 4 Valentinian I ............ 4 3 8 53 2 381 7 18 12 4 Valens .................. 7 16 146 5 69 19 45 13 2 Gratian ................ 10 8 8 47 7 12 11 14 2 1 Valentinian II ........... 19 5 8 161 10 73 28 37 15 7 Theodosius I ............ 21 15 11 301 21 126 46 156 18 12 Arcadius ................ 10 2 3 173 21 169 46 119 35 17 Honorius ............... 11 1 5 11 41 19 44 11 8 Theodosius II ............ 15 1 69 17 29 7 Valentinian I-III ........ 2 2 46 2 49 12 25 18

The aggregate for all mints for the same reigns:

Thessalonica ... 1864 Alexandria ... 95

Constantinople . 1244 Aquileia....... .57

Cyzicus ....... 1003 Sirmium ...... 20 Nicomedia ..... 585 Arles .......... 17 Antioch ....... 307 Treves ........ 7 Heraclea ...... 259 Lyons ......... 6 Rome ......... 139 Ticinum ....... 5 Siscia ......... 125 London ....... 1

The proportions from Thessalonica, Constantinople and Cyzicus give the mint nearest Athens only a small margin over the other two. Actually for the Constantinian period as a whole the major source of supply is Constantinople, with Cyzicus next and Thessalonica third. It is only from the time of Julian II through the reign of Arcadius that Thessalonica gains and holds preeminence. The only surprising aspect of the general outline is the relative order of Nico- media, Antioch and Heraclea. One would expect to find Heraclea outranking the two more distant mints. Its small representation may indicate minor importance as a workshop or a channeling of its output to the north rather than the south.

During the early Byzantine period the mint marks inscribed on the bronze denominations show this relationship:

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

INTRODUCTION 7

Constantinople Thessalonica Nicomedia Cyzicus Antioch

Anastasiis ...... 20 8 Justin I ......... 11 1 Justinian I ...... 48 8 10 3 15 Justin II ........ 29 108 13 7 6 Tiberius II ...... 6 9 2 3 Maurice ......... 14 9 1 1 Phocas .......... 19 13 8 5 1 Heraclius ........ 157 41 18 3

The complete tally of all mints:

Constantinople.. 304 Carthage ....... 7 Thessalonica .... 188 Ravenna ....... 4 Nicomedia ...... 53 Rome .......... 2 Antioch ....... 34 Alexandria ..... 2

Cyzicus ........ 18 Sicily .......... 1

With the exception of a few Sicilian emissions, the coinage from the reign of Constans II to the end of the Byzantine empire is attributed in its entirety to the mint of Constantinople. This is in such sharp contrast to the number of cities striking under the Roman and early Byzantine rulers as to seem quite incredible. Philip Grierson in the course of an article on the solidi of Maurice, Phocas and Heraclius (Num. Chron., 1950, pp. 49-70) argues that the term "Con- stantinople," indicating the source of the gold coinage of the sixth and seventh centuries, must be understood as meaning Constantinople and other eastern mints, that many of the "Con- stantinople" issues really belong to Cyzicus, Nicomedia and other workshops. The same situation, it seems to me, is true for the bronze of a somewhat later period. Attempts have been made to allocate some of the bronze coinage of Constans II to a Cyprus mint and, although as indicated in the commentary, the extent of the assignment may be untenable, the suggestion of other sources for Constans' abundant coinage is definitely a step forward. But the need for

rearrangement is not limited to the money of Constans. Surely the copious issues of the eleventh and twelfth centuries would have been quite beyond the capacity of any one mint apart from considerations of economy and efficiency in distributing the currency to various parts of the

empire. As regards Athens, one would logically expect that a substantial proportion of her

coinage continued to come from Thessalonica, a city controlled by the capital at almost all periods and still important enough in the thirteenth century to serve as the seat of an empire established by the princes of the Byzantine royal house after the fall of Constantinople.

Any final definition of the later Byzantine mints must rely heavily on the first-hand evidence of excavation coins from diverse sections of the eastern empire. As more of this material is made available, one hopes that the pattern will reveal itself.

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

ABBREVIATIONS IN THE CATALOGUE

Berytus Berytus. Archaeological Studies (American University of Beirut, 1934-)

B1.-Dieud. A. Blanchet et A. Dieudonn6, Manuel de numismatique franoaise (1912-1936)

BMC H. Mattingly, Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum (1923-) W. Wroth, Catalogue of the Coins of the Vandals, Ostrogoths and Lombards and of the Empires of Thessalonica,

Nicaea and Trebizond in the British Museum (1911) W. Wroth, Catalogue of the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum (1908)

C. H. Cohen, Description historique des monnaies frappges sous l'Empire romain, 2nd Edition (1880-1892)

CNI Corpus Nummorum Italicorum (1910-)

Edwards K. M. Edwards, Corinth, Volume VI, Coins 1896 -1929 (American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1933)

Gerin O. Voetter, Die Minzen der rimischen Kaiser, Kaiserinnen und Caesaren von Diocletianus bis Romulus. Katalog der hinterlassenen Sammlung und Aufzeichnungen des Herrn Paul Gerin (1921)

Hesperia Hesperia. Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens (1932-)

M. J. Maurice, Numismatique constantinienne (1908-1912)

NC Numismatic Chronicle (1838-)

NNM Numismatic Notes and Monographs (American Numismatic Society, 1920-)

NZ Numismatische Zeitschrift (1869-)

Pap. N. Papadopoli, Le Monete di Venezia (1893-1919)

Pearce J. W. E. Pearce, The Roman Coinage from A. D. 364 to 423 (1933)

Poeyd'AvantF. Poey d'Avant, Monnaies feodales de France (1858-1862)

RIC H. Mattingly, E. A. Sydenham, C. H. V. Sutherland and R. A. G. Carson, The Roman Imperial Coinage (1923-)

Sab. J. Sabatier, Description g6nerale des monnaies byzantines (1862)

Schlumb. G. Schlumberger, Numismatique de l'Orient latin (1878)

Spinelli D. Spinelli, Monete cufiche (1844)

Syd. Edward A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (1952)

Tolstoi J. Tolstoi, Monnaies byzantines (1912-1914)

Italic type has been used for the catalogue numbers of silver and billon coins. An asterisk after a number indicates discussion of the issue in the commentary.

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE

ROMAN REPUBLICAN COINAGE

(15)

Q. TITIUS 88 B.C. 1* As Rome or Italy Head of Janus/Prow r. Syd., p. 107, 694a 1

C. NORBANUS c. 80 B.C. 2 Den. Rome Head of Venus r. with number XXXVI/ Syd., p. 118, 739 1

Fasces between corn-ear and caduceus

TI. CLAUDIUS 78-77 B.C. 3 Den. Italy Bust of Diana r./Victory in biga r. Syd., p. 126, 770a

with number CXXIII

CN. CORNELIUS LENTULUS MARCELLINUS c. 76-74 B:C. 4 Den. Spain Bust of Genius of Roman People r./Globe Syd., p. 122, 752a 1

(Pl.)

M. AEMILIUS SCAURUS 58 B.C. 5 Den. Rome King Aretas kneeling r. beside camel/ Syd., p. 152, 914 1

Jupiter in quadriga 1.

CN. PLANCI US c. 54 B.C. 6 Den. Rome Head of Diana r./Cretan goat r. Syd., p. 156, 933

D. JUNIUS BRUTUS ALBINUS 49-48 B.C. 7 Den. Rome Head of Pietas r./Clasped hands Syd., p. 158, 942

P. SEPULLIUS MACER c. 44 B.C. 8 Den. Rome Veiled head of Caesar r./Venus 1. Syd., p. 178, 1074 1

M. AN TONIUS c. 37-31 B.C. 9* Den. Ephesus Galley/Three standards LEG V Syd., p. 196, 1221 1

(PI.)

10 Den. Ephesus Same/Same with LEG XI Syd., p. 196, 1229 2 (1 P1.)

11 Den. Ephesus Same/Same with LEG XII ANTIQVAE Syd., p. 196, 1231 1

12 Den. Ephesus Same/Same with LEG XV Syd., p. 196, 1235 1

13" As Uncertain Heads of Antony and Octavia r./Galley Syd., p. 199, 1268 2

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE

(18,674; 9 imit.)

AUGUSTUS 27 B.C.-14 A.D. (5) Rome

14 Den. 17 B.C. M SANQVINIVS III VIR Head of Julius BMC, I, p. 13, 71-73 1 Caesar r.

15 As 11-12 A.D. PONTIF MAXIM TRIBVN POT XXXIIllII BMC, I, p. 50, 275f. 2 around SC

Lyons 16 Den. 2 B.C.-11 A.D. C L CAESARES AVGVSTI F COS DESIG BMC, I, p. 89, 519-525 1

PRINC IWENT Gaius and Lucius Caesar facing

The East 17* As After 27 B.C. AVGVSTVS in wreath BMC, I, p. 117, 731-733 1

TIBERIUS 14-37 A.D. (2) Lyons

18 Den. c. 26-37 A.D. PONTIF MAXIM Livia seated r. BMC, I, pp. 126f., 48-60 2

CLAUDIUS 41-54 A.D. (1) Rome

19 Quad. 42 A.D. PON M TR P IMP PP COS II around SC BMC, I, p. 190, 181 1

NERO 54-68 A.D. (2) Rome

20 Quad. 64-66 A.D. PM TR P IMP PP SC Laurel branch BMC, I, p. 257, 288f. 1

Uncertain 20a AE Uncertain type 1

GALBA 68-69 A.D. (1) Rome

21 Den. 68-69 A.D. IMP Emperor riding r. BMC, I, p. 312, 23 1

OTHO 69 A.D. (1) Rome

22 Den. 69 A.D. SECVRITAS P R Securitas 1. BMC, I, p. 367, 19 1

VESPASIAN 69-79 A.D. (11) Rome

23 Den. 72-73 A.D. AVGVR TRI POT Sacrificial implements BMC, II, p. 11, 64 1

24 Den. 73 A.D. PONTIF MAXIM Emperor seated r. BMC, II, p. 19, 98 1

25 Den. 75-79 A.D. IOVIS CVSTOS Jupiter facing BMC, II, p. 49, 276-278 1

26 Den. 80-81 A.D. EX SC Victory 1. BMC, II, p. 243, 112-116 1

27 As 71 A.D. VICTORIA AVGVSTI SC Victory advancing 1. BMC, II, p. 133,t 1

28 As 74 A.D. AEQVITAS AVGVST SC Aequitas 1. BMC, II, p. 161, 702 1

Tarraco 29* As 71 A.D. CONCORDIA AVG SC Concordia seated 1. BMC, II, p. 191,t 1

Uncertain 29a 1 AR; 3 AE Uncertain type 4

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 11

TITUS 79-81 A.D. (2) Rome

30 Den. 77-78 A.D. COS VI Mars 1. BMC, II, p. 40, 221 1


DOMITIAN 81-96 A.D. (18) Rome

31 Den. 73 A.D. No legend. Prince riding 1. BMC, II, p. 24, 129-131 1

32 Den. 80 A.D. PRINCEPS IWENTVTIS Altar BMC, II, p. 239, 92-96 1

33 Den. 81 A.D. TR P COS VII DES VIII PP Curule chair BMC, II, p. 302, 18f. 1

34 Den. ,, Same. Dolphin around anchor BMC, II, p. 302, 20 1

35 Den. 81-84 A.D. SALVS AVGVST Salus seated 1. BMC, II, p. 309, 54 1

36* Den. 88-89 A.D. COS XIIll Minerva fighting r. cf. BMC, II, p. 328, 141 1 (PLATE 1)

37 Den. 90 A.D. IMP XXI COS XV CENS PPP Same but on BMC, II, p. 333, 166 1 prow

38 Den. 90-91 A.D. Same BMC, II, p. 335, 179f. 1

39 Den. 92 A.D. IMP XXI COS XVI CENS PPP Minerva 1. BMC, II, p. 337, 192f. 1

40 As 80-81 A.D. SECVRITAS AVGVSTI SC Securitas seated 1. BMC, II, p. 275, * 1

41 Quad. 81-96 A.D. SC Basket of corn-ears BMC, II, p. 410, 493 1


NERVA 96-98 A.D. (3) Rome

42 Den. 97 A.D. FORTVNA AVGVST Fortuna 1. BMC, III, p. 6, 37-39 1

43 Ses. 96 A.D. ROMA RENASCENS SC Roma seated 1. BMC, III, p. 15,* 1

44 Ses. 97 A.D. FORTVNA AVGVST SC Fortuna 1. BMC, III, pp. 19f., 107-109 1

TRAJAN 98-117 A.D. (46) Rome

45 Den. 101-102 A.D. PM TR P COS III PP Victory advancing 1. BMC, III, p. 46, 122f. 1

46 Den. 104-107 A.D. SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI Three standards BMC, III, p. 67,* 1

47 Den. 107-111 A.D. COS V PP SPQR OPTIMO PRINC Aequitas 1. BMC, III, pp. 71f., 281-287 2

48 Den. ,, Same. Aequitas seated 1. BMC, III, p. 72, 288-293 1

49 Den. ,, Same. Spes 1. BMC, III, p. 75, 319-321 1

50 Den. ,, Same with VESTA in exergue. Vesta BMC, III, p. 86, 405-409 1 seated 1.

51* Den. 112-117 A.D. PM TR P COS VI PP SPQR Trajan's column cf. BMC, III, p. 112, 565 1 (P1.)

52 Den. 116 A.D. Same. Genius 1. BMC, III, p. 117, 595-598 1

53 Den. 117-118 A.D. No legend. Phoenix r. BMC, III, p. 245, 49 1

54 Ses. 98-99 A.D. COS II PP CONG PR SC Emperor seated 1. BMC, III, p. 147, 712 1 on platform

55 As ,, TR POT COS II PP SC Victory advancing 1. BMC, III, p. 150, 727f. 1

56 Quad. c. 98-102 A.D. SC Boar r. BMC, III, p. 226, 1062-1067 1

57 Ses. 102 A.D. IMP 111iii COS IIII DES V PP SC Pax seated 1. BMC, III, p. 159, 756 1

58* Ses. 104-111 A.D. SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI SC Ceres 1. cf. BMC, III, p. 163, 771 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


59 Ses. 104-111 A.D. Same. Roma 1. BMC, III, p. 164, 772f. 1

60 Ses. ,, Same. Aequitas 1. BMC, III, p. 165,* 1

61* Ses. ,, Same. Annona 1. BMC, III, pp. 165f., 782-784 2

62 Ses. 115-116 A.D. IMPERATOR VIII SC Emperor seated r. BMC, III, p. 217, 1017 1 on platform

63 Ses. ,, SENATVS POPVLVSQVE ROMANVS FORT BMC, III, p. 219, 1026 1 RED SC Fortuna seated 1.

64 As ,, Same without FORT RED. Victory BMC, III, p. 220, 1030-1032 1 advancing r.

65 Dup. 116-117 A.D. Same. Emperor with trophies BMC, III, p. 226, 1062-1067 1

The East 66* As 115-116 A.D. DAC PARTHICO PM TR POT XX COS VI PP BMC, III, p. 232, 1092 1

around SC in wreath

Uncertain 66a 1 AR; 21AE Uncertain type 22

HADRIAN 117-138 A.D. (67) Rome

67 Den. 119-125 A.D. PM TR P COS III Genius 1. BMC, III, p. 263, 184f. 1

68 Den. ,, Same with PRO AVG in field. Providentia 1. BMC, III, p. 277, 303 1

69* Den. 125-128 A.D. COS III Roma seated 1. cf. BMC, III, p. 287, 372 1

70 Den. 134-138 A.D. FIDES PVBLICA Fides r. BMC, III, pp. 320f., 629-631 1

71 Den. ,, MONETA AVG Moneta 1. BMC, III, p. 326, 680f. 1

72 Den. ,, SALVS AVG Salus 1. BMC, III, p. 331, 726f. 1

73 Ses. 118 A.D. PONT MAX TR POT COS II SC LIBERALITAS BMC, III, p. 404, 1136 1 AVG Emperor seated 1. on platform

74 Dup. ,, PONT MAX TR POT COS II ADVENTVS BMC, III, pp. 404f., 1138-1140 1 AVG SC Emperor and Roma

75 Ses. 119 A.D. PONT MAX TR POT COS III SC BMC, III, p. 408, 1153 1 Felicitas 1.

76 Ses. ,, PONT MAX TR POT COS III LIBERALITAS BMC, III, p. 408, 1159 1 AVG SC Emperor seated 1. on platform

77 Ses. 119-121 A.D. PIETAS AVGVSTI SC Pietas r. BMC, III, p. 416, 1198f. 1

78 Dup. ,, Same BMC, III, pp. 420f., 1233f. 1

79 Dup. ,, MONETA AVGVSTI SC Moneta 1. BMC, III, p. 420, 1230 1

80 Dup. ,, SALVS PVBLICA SC Salus 1. BMC, III, p. 421, 1237f. 1

81 Sea. 122-125 A.D. PM TR P COS III SC Ceres 1. BMC, III, p. 423, 1248 1

82* Ses. ,, Same. Spes advancing 1. cf. BMC, III, p. 424, 1256 1

83* Ses. ,, Same with VIRT AVG in field. Virtus 1. cf. BMC, III, p. 425, 1263 1

84 Ses. 125-128 A.D. COS III SC Roma seated 1. BMC, III, pp. 431f., 1294 (1). 1300 (1) 2

85 Dup. ,, Same. Pegasus advancing r. BMC, III, p. 436, 1332f. 1

86 As ,, Same. Roma seated 1. BMC, III, p. 438,* 2

87 Ses. 128-132 A.D. Same. Similar BMC, III, p. 445, 1363 1

88 Ses. 132-134 A.D. FELICITATI AVG SC COS III PP Galley r. BMC, III, p. 450, 1386 1

89 Ses. ,, COS III PP SC FORT RED Fortuna seated 1. BMC, III, p. 455, 1416 1

90* Dup. ,, CLEMENTIA AVG COS III PP SC BMC, III, p. 458, 1438 1 or As Clementia 1.

91 Dup. ,, COS III PP SC Emperor on horseback r. BMC, III, p. 460, 1452 1 or As

92 See. 134-136 A.D. ADVENTVI AVG GALLIAE SC Emperor BMC, III, p. 491, 1641f. 1 and Gallia

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 13

93* Ses. 134-136 A.D. AEGYPTOS SC Aegyptos reclining 1. of. BMC, III, p. 504, 1693 1

94 Ses. ,, BRITANNIA SC Britannia seated facing BMC, III, p. 508, 1723 1

95* Dup. ,, HISPANIA SC Hispania reclining 1. cf. BMC, III, p. 511, 1752 1 or As

96 Dup. ,, RESTITVTORI MACEDONIAE SC Emperor BMC, III, p. 524, 1826A 1 or As raising Macedonia

97 Ses. 134-138 A.D. PAX AVG SC Pax 1. BMC, III, p. 472, 1528 1

98* Ses. ,, ROMA SC Roma 1. cf. BMC, III, p. 474, 1540 1

99* Ses. ,, SC Nemesis advancing r. cf. BMC, III, p. 475, 1549 1

100* Ses. ,, Same. Emperor r. cf. BMC, III, p. 475, 1552 1

101 Dup. ,, FORTVNA AVG SC Fortuna 1. BMC, III, p. 482, 1595 (1). or As 1598 (1) 2

102 Dup. ,, LIBERALITAS AVG VI SC Liberalitas 1. BMC, III, p. 483,t 1 or As

103 Dup. ,, ROMA SC Roma 1. BMC, III, p. 484, 1610 1 or As

Uncertain 103a 1 AR; 26 AE Uncertain type 27

SABINA (2) Rome

104 Ses. 128-134 A.D. PIETAS AVG SC Pietas with children BMC, III, p. 537, 1875f. 1

105 Dup. ,, Same BMC, III, p. 540, 1898f. 1 or As

ANTONINUS PIUS 138-161 A.D. (46) Rome

106 Den. 138 A.D. AVG PIVS PM TR P COS DES II Minerva 1. BMC, IV, p. 4, 10f. 1

107 Den. 157-158 A.D. TR POT XXI COS IIII Aequitas 1. BMC, IV, p. 132, 899f. 1

108* Den. 159-160 A.D. TEMPL DIVI AVG REST COS IIII Octastyle cf. BMC, IV, p. 147,* 1 temple

109 As 139 A.D. TR POT COS II SC Aequitas 1. BMC, IV, p. 184,* 1

110 As 140 A.D. AVRELIVS CAES AVG PII F COS SC BMC, IV, p. 196, 1223 1 Bust of M. Aurelius 1.

111* Ses. 140-144 A.D. PAX AVG SC Pax 1. of. BMC, IV, p. 203, 1265 1

112 Ses. ,, TIBERIS SC Tiberis reclining 1. BMC, IV, p. 210, 1313-1315 1

113 Ses. ,, TR POT COS III SC Wolf and twins BMC, IV, p. 211, 1318-1320 1

114* Dup. ,, GENIO SENATVS SC Genius 1. BMC, IV, p. 214, 1336-1339 2

115 Ses. 145-161 A.D. FELICITAS AVG SC Felicitas 1. BMC, IV, p. 271, 1677-1680 2

116 Ses. ,, SC Mars advancing r. BMC, IV, p. 275, 1705f. 2

117 Dup. 147-148 A.D. HONORI AVG COS III SC Honos 1. BMC, IV, p. 280, 1738 1

118 Ses. 155-156 A.D. TR POT XIX COS IIII SC Fides 1. BMC, IV, p. 335, 1995-1997 1

119 Ses. 156-157 A.D. TR POT XX COS IIII SC Providentia 1. BMC, IV, p. 840, 2015 1

120 Dup. ,, Same. Jupiter 1. BMC, IV, pp. 340f., 2019-2021 1

121 Sea. 157-159 A.D. VOTA SOL DEC II SC COS IIII Emperor BMC, IV, p. 278, 1723f. 1 sacrificing 1.

122* Dup. ,, VOTA SVSCEPTA DEC III SC COS IIII of. BMC, IV, p. 282, 1746 1 Similar

123 Dup. 158-159 A.D. PIETATI AVG COS IIII SC Pietas with BMC, IV, p. 854, 2072 1 children

124 As ,, FORTVNA OPSEQVENS SC COS IIII BMC, IV, p. 355, 2078f. 1 Fortuna 1.

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


125 Ses. 161 A.D. CONSECRATIO SC Funeral pyre BMC, IV, pp. 525f., 872-875 1

125a AE Uncertain type 23

FAUSTINA 1 (14) Rome

126 Den. After 147 A.D. AVGVSTA Ceres 1. BMC, IV, p. 58, 399-402 1

127 Den. ,, Same. Vesta seated 1. BMC, IV, pp. 62f., 443-446 1

128* Ses. 141-147 A.D. PIETAS AVG SC Pietas 1. cf. BMC, IV, p. 233, 1442 1

129 Ses. After 147 A.D. AETERNITAS SC Aeternitas seated 1. BMC, IV, pp. 238f., 1482f. 1

130 Ses. ,, Same. Aeternitas 1. BMC, IV, pp. 239f., 1490-1493 1

131* Ses. ,, Same. Juno 1. cf. BMC, IV, p. 238, 1480 1 (PLATE 1)

132 Ses. ,, VESTA SC Vesta 1. BMC, IV, p. 246, ? 1

133 Ses. ,, IVNO SC Juno 1. BMC, IV, p. 245, 1531-1535 1

134 Dup. ,, Same BMC, IV, p. 255, 1596-1598 1 or As

135 Dup ,, AETERNITAS SC Juno 1. BMC, IV, pp. 246f., 1540f. 1 or As

Uncertain 136* Den. IVNONI REGINAE Juno seated 1. (PLATE 1) 1


MARCUS AURELIUS 161-180 A.D. (26) Rome

137 Den. 161 A.D. CONCORD AVG TR P XV COS III BMC, IV, p. 386, 2 1 Concordia seated 1.

138 Den. 161-162 A.D. PROV DEOR TR P XVI COS III BMC, IV, p. 410, 196f. 1 Providentia 1.

139 Den. 175-176 A.D. TR P XXX IMP VIII COS III Genius 1. BMC, IV, p. 483, 678f. 1

140 Dup. 145-160 A.D. COS II SC Roma 1. BMC, IV, p. 290,* 1 or As

141* Dup. 165-166 A.D. TR P XX IMP III COS III SC Roma seated 1. cf. BMC, IV, p. 591,t 1

142 Dup. ,, TR P XX IMP IIII COS III SC Similar BMC, IV, p. 593, 1295 1

143 Ses. 169-170 A.D. SALVTI AVG COS III SC Salus 1. BMC, IV, p. 614, 1376f. 2

144 Ses. 170-171 A.D. SALVTI AVGVSTAE SC Salus seated 1. BMC, IV, p. 617, ? 1

145 Ses. ,, VOTA SVSCEP DECENN II SC COS III BMC, IV, p. 620, 1402f. 1 Emperor sacrificing 1.

146 Ses. 171-172 A.D. IMP VI COS III SC Roma seated 1. BMC, IV, p. 622, 1416f. 2

147 As ,, Same. Victory advancing 1. BMC, IV, p. 625, 1431 1

148" Ses. 173-174 A.D. Same. Jupiter seated 1. cf. BMC, IV, p. 633, 1470 1

149 Dup. 174-175 A.D. TR P XXIX IMP VIII COS III SC Annona 1. BMC, IV, p. 641, 1515 1

150 Ses. 177-178 A.D. IMP VIII COS III PP SC Aequitas 1. BMC, IV, p. 674, 1678f. 1

151" Ses. 178-179 A.D. FELICITAS AVG IMP VIIII COS III PP SC cf. BMC, IV, p. 677,t 1 Felicitas 1.


FAUSTINA 11 (28) Rome

152 Den. 161-176 A.D. FECVNDITAS Fecunditas r. BMC, IV, p. 898, 91-95 1

153 Den. ,, SALVS Salus 1. BMC, IV, p. 404, 141-145 1

154 Dup. 147-150 A.D. PVDICITIA SC Pudicitia seated 1. BMC, IV, p. 875, 2159 1 or As

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 15

155 Dup. 147-150 A.D. VENVS SC Venus r. BMC, IV, p. 376, 2164f. 1 or As

156 Ses. 150-152 A.D. Same. Venus 1. BMC, IV, p. 377, 2168 1

157 Dup. ,, Same. Venus r. BMC, IV, p. 377, 2169 1 or As

158 Dup. 152-153 A.D. IVNO SC Juno 1. BMC, IV, p. 380, 2188 1 or As

159 Dup. ,, VENVS SC Venus leaning on column BMC, IV, p. 856, add. to p. 381 1 or As

160 Ses. 161-176 A.D. HILARITAS SC Hilaritas 1. BMC, IV, pp. 531f., 911-913 2

161 Ses. ,, IVNO SC Juno 1. BMC, IV, p. 532, 917 1

162 Ses. ,, IVNONI REGINAE SC Same BMC, IV, p. 533, 919-923 1

163 Ses. ,, SALVTI AVGVSTAE SC Salus seated 1. BMC, IV, p. 535, 945-948 1

164 Dup. ,, CONCORDIA SC Concordia seated 1. BMC, IV, p. 539, 969f. 1 or As

165 Dup. ,, LAETITIA SC Laetitia r. BMC, IV, p. 541, 987 1 or As

166 Dup. ,, TEMPOR FELIC SC Felicitas 1. BMC, IV, pp. 542f., 996-998 1 or As

167 Ses. After 175 A.D. AETERNITAS SC Aeternitas seated 1. BMC, IV, p. 652, 1566 1

168 Ses. ,, SIDERIBVS RECEPTA SC Faustina 1. BMC, IV, p. 655, 1589f. 1

169 Dup. ,, SC Crescent and stars BMC, IV, p. 656, 1593f. 1 or As


LUCIUS VERUS 161-169 A.D. (11) Rome

170 Den. 164-165 A.D. TR P V IMP II COS II Roma advancing 1. BMC, IV, p. 437, 381f. 1

171 Den. 165-166 A.D. PAX AVG TR P VI COS II Pax 1. BMC, IV, p. 443, 420 1

172* Ses. 161 A.D. FEL TEMP COS II SC Felicitas 1. cf. BMC, IV, p. 522,* 1 (PLATE 1)

173 Ses. ,, CONCORD AVGVSTOR TR P SC COS II BMC, IV, p. 523, 856f. 1 Emperors clasping hands

174* As 163-164 A.D. TR P IIII IMP II COS II SC cf. BMC, IV, p. 567, 1131 1 Emperor riding r.

175 Ses. 165-166 A.D. TR POT VI IMP IIII COS II SC BMC, IV, p. 596, 18308f. 1 Victory with shield

176* Ses. 167-168 A.D. TR POT VIII IMP V COS III SC cf. BMC, IV, p. 604, 1341 1 Aequitas seated 1.

177 Ses. ,, Same with FORT RED in exergue. Fortuna BMC, IV, p. 604, 1343 1 seated 1.


LUCILLA (5) Rome

178 Den. 164-169 A.D. CONCORDIA Concordia seated 1. BMC, IV, p. 430, 83833-335 1

179 Ses. ,, CONCORDIA SC Same BMC, IV, p. 576,* 1

180 Dup. ,, SALVS SC Salus seated 1. BMC, IV, p. 579, 1222f. 1 or As

181 Ses. After 169 A.D. VENVS SC Venus 1. BMC, IV, pp. 571f., 1167-1171 2

COMMODUS 176-192 A.D. (15) Rome

182 Den. 181-182 A.D. LIB AVG V TR P VII IMP IIII COS III PP BMC, IV, p. 700, 70-72 1 Liberalitas 1.

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


183 Den. 181-182 A.D. TR P VII IMP V COS III PP Roma 1. BMC, IV, p. 704, 93 1

184 Ses. 179 A.D. IMP II COS II PP SC Minerva 1. BMC, IV, p. 678, 1699f. 1

185 Ses. 181-182 A.D. VIRTVTI AVGVSTI TR P VII IMP IIII COS III BMC, IV, p. 777, 480 1 PP SC Emperor riding r.

186 Ses. 183 A.D. TR P VIII IMP VI COS IIII PP SC Pax 1. BMC, IV, p. 786, 515 1

187 Ses. 186 A.D. PM TR P XI IMP VII COS V PP SC Roma 1. BMC, IV, p. 804,* 1

188 Ses. ,, SAEC FEL PM TR P XI IMP VII COS V PP SC BMC, IV, p. 806, 584 1 Victory r. with shield

189 Ses. 186-189 A.D. VICTORIAE FELICI SC COS V PP BMC, IV, pp. 814f., 611f. 1 Victory flying 1.

190 Sea. 190 A.D. TEMPOR FELIC PM TR P XV IMP VIII COS BMC, IV, p. 827, 655f. 1 VI SC Caduceus and crossed cornucopiae

191 As 192 A.D. LIB AVG VIII PM TR P XVII COS VII PP SC BMC, IV, p. 841,t 1 Liberalitas 1.

192* As ,, PM TR P XVII IMP VIII COS VII PP SC cf. BMC, IV, p. 841, 11 1 Victory advancing 1.


CRISPINA (3) Rome

193* Dup. 180-183 A.D. IVNO LVCINA SC Juno 1. cf. BMC, IV, pp. 768f., 433f. 1 or As

194 Dup. ,, VENVS SC Venus 1. BMC, IV, p. 769, 439 1 or As


DIDIUS JULIANUS 193 A.D. (1) Rome

195 Ses. 193 A.D. PM TR P COS SC Fortuna 1. BMC, V, p. 16, 25-27 1

MANLIA SCANTILLA (1) Rome

196 Ses. 193 A.D. IVNO REGINA SC Juno 1. BMC, V, p. 17, 32-36 1

SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS 193-211 A.D. (13) Rome

197 Den. 206 A.D. PM TR P XIIII COS III PP Annona 1. BMC, V, pp. 252f., 489-492 1

198 Den. 209 A.D. LIBERALITAS AVG VI Liberalitas 1. BMC, V, p. 220, 351 1

199 Den. ,, RESTITVTOR VRBIS Roma seated 1. BMC, V, p. 222, 360 1

200* Den. 210 A.D. PM TR P XVIII COS Ill PP Salus seated 1. of. BMC, V, pp. 360f., 20-22 1

(Pl.) 201* Ses. 194 A.D. AFRICA SC Africa r. of. BMC, V, p. 127, 504 1

202* Sea. 195 A.D. PM TR P III COS II PP SC Fortuna 1. of. BMC, V, p. 142, 580 1

203 Sea. 196 A.D. PM TR P IIII COS II PP SC Jupiter 1. BMC, V, p. 145, 590 1

204 Ses. 210 A.D. VICTORIAE BRIiTTANNICAE SC BMC, V, p. 325, 811 1 Two Victories with shield


JULIA DOMNA (6) Rome

205 Den. 215-217 A.D. VENVS GENETRIX Venus seated 1. BMC, V, p. 434, 23B-26 1

206 Ses. 211-215 A.D. IVNO SC Juno 1. BMC, V, pp. 468f., 206f. 1

207* Ses. ,, IVNONEM SC Same BMC, V, p. 469, 208f. 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 17

208 Seos. 211-215 A.D. MAT AVGG MAT SEN M PATR SC BMC, V, p. 469, 213f. 1 Domna seated 1.

208 a AE Uncertain type 2

CARACALLA 198-217 A.D. (12) Rome

209 Den. 209 A.D. PONTIF TR P XII COS III Virtus r. BMC, V, p. 358, 13 1

210* Den. 210 A.D. PONTIF TR P XIII COS III Concordia seated 1. cf. BMC, V, pp. 363f., 34-36 1

211 Den. 210-213 A.D. MARTI PACATORI Mars 1. BMC, V, pp. 371f., 81-86 1 (P1.)

212 Den. 211 A.D. PM TR P XIIIi COS III PP Pax advancing 1. BMC, V, p. 420, 4f. 1

213 Den. 215 A.D. PM TR P XVIII COS IIII PP Aesculapius 1. BMC, V, pp. 451f., 103f. 1

214 Ant. ,, Same. Lion advancing 1. BMC, V, p. 459, 150 1

215 Ant. ,, Same. Sol 1. BMC, V, p. 456, 135 1

216* Ant. ,, Same. Serapis 1. cf. BMC, V, p. 455, 126 1

217 Ses. 210-213 A.D. SECVRITATI PERPETVAE SC BMC, V, p. 411, 250-252 1 Securitas seated r.

Uncertain 218* Ant. PM TR P XVII COS tiII PP Sol 1. of. BMC, V, p. 451(e) 1


PLAUTILLA (2) Rome

219 Den. 202-205 A.D. PIETAS AVGG Pietas r. BMC, V, pp. 237f., 422-426 1

220 Den. ,, VENVS VICTRIX Venus r. BMC, V, p. 238, 428-430 1

GETA 209-212 A.D. (5) Rome

221 Ses. 210 A.D. PONTIF TR P II COS II SC BMC, V, p. 401, 214f. 2 Emperors sacrificing

222 Ses. 210-212 A.D. LIBERALITAS AVGG VI ET V SC BMC, V, p. 407, 234 1 Emperors seated on platform

223 Ses. 211 A.D. VICT BRIT TR P III COS II SC BMC, V, p. 416, 268 1 Victory seated r.


ELAGABALUS 218-222 A.D. (4) Rome

224 Den. 220-222 A.D. ABVNDANTIA AVG Abundantia 1. BMC, V, p. 560, 193f. 1

225 Den. ,, VICTORIA AVG Victory advancing 1. BMC, V, p. 566, 237-239 1

226* Den. 221 A.D. PM TR P IIII COS III PP cf. BMC, V, p. 569, 256-258 1 Emperor 1. sacrificing

227* Ses. ,, Same with SC. Sol advancing 1. of. BMC, V, p. 610, 439 1

JULIA MAESA (1) Rome

228 Sea. 218-222 A.D. PVDICITIA SC Pudicitia seated 1. BMC, V, p. 599, 395 1

SEVERUS ALEXANDER 222-235 A.D. (26) Rome

229* Den. 222 A.D. PIETAS AVG Pietas 1. RIC, IV,, p. 84, 170 1

230 See. ,, PM TR P COS PP SC Mars advancing r. RIC, IV,, p. 103, 390 1

2

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


231 Sea. 223 A.D. PONTIF MAX TR P II COS PP SC RIC, IV,, p. 104, 402 1 Pax seated 1.

232 Ses. ,, Same. Securitas seated 1. RIC, IV2, p. 104, 407 1

233 Ses. 225 A.D. IOVI VLTORI SC Jupiter seated 1. RIC, IV2, p. 115, 560 1

234 Ses. 227 A.D. AEQVITAS AVGVSTI SC Aequitas 1. RIC, IV,, p. 114, 547 1

235 Ses. ,, PAX AVG SC Pax advancing 1. RIC, IV2, p. 117, 591 1

236 Ses. 228 A.D. ROMAE AETERNAE SC Roma seated 1. RIC, IV2, p. 118, 602 1

237 Ses. 230 A.D. PM TR P VIIII COS III PP SC Sol 1. RIC, IV,, p. 110, 500 1

238 Ses. ,, VICTORIA AVGVSTI SC Victory r. RIC, IV2, p. 119, 616 1

239 Ses. 231 A.D. Same. Victory 1. RIC, IV2, p. 119, 618 1

240 Ses. ,, ANNONA AVGVSTI SC Annona 1. RIG, IV2, p. 114, 549 1

241 Ses. IOVI PROPVGNATORI SC RIC, IV2, p. 120, 628 1 Jupiter advancing 1.

242 Ses. PM TR P X COS III PP SC Sol 1. RIC, IV2, p. 111, 515 1

243 Ses. Same. Annona 1. RIC, IV2, p. 112, 520 2

244 As ,, PONTIF MAX TR P X COS III PP SC PROF RIGC, IV, p. 112, 524 1 AVG Emperor riding r.

245 Ses. 232 A.D. PM TR P XI COS III PP SC Sol 1. RIC, IV2, p. 112, 528 1

246 Ses. 233 A.D. PM TR P XII COS III PP SC Sol advancing 1. RIC, IV,, p. 113, 535 4

247 Ses. 234 A.D. PM TR P XIII COS III PP SC Same RIC, IV2, p. 113, 538 1

248 Ses. ,, SPES PVBLICA SC Spes advancing 1. RIC, IV2, p. 121, 648 1

Antioch 249* Den. 228-231 A.D. LIBERTAS AVG Libertas 1. RIC, IV,, p. 92, 285 1

Uncertain 250* Den. VENVS CEL Venus seated 1. (PLATE 1) 1

(Pl.)

JULIA MAMAEA (13) Rome

251 Den. 226 A.D. IVNO CONSERVATRIX Juno 1. RIC, IV2, p. 98, 343 1

252 Den. 229-231 A.D. FECVND AVGVSTAE Fecunditas seated 1. RIC, IV2, p. 98, 332 1

253 Den. ,, VESTA Vesta 1. RIC, IV,, p. 99, 360 1

254 Ses. 228 A.D. FELICITAS PVBLICA SC Felicitas 1. RIC, IV,, p. 125, 676 1

255 Ses. ,, Same. Felicitas seated 1. RIC, IV,, p. 125, 679 1

256 Ses. 229-231 A.D. FECVNDITAS AVGVSTAE SC Fecunditas 1. RIC, IV,, p. 124, 668 1

257 Ses. ,, IVNO AVGVSTAE SC Juno seated 1. RIC, IV2, p. 125, 683 1

258 Ses. ,, VENERI FELICI SC Venus r, RIC, IV2, p. 126, 694 2

259 Ses. ,, VENVS FELIX SC Venus seated 1. RIC, IV,, p. 126, 701 2

260 Ses. ,, VESTA SC Vesta 1. RIC, IV,, p. 127, 708 1


MAXIMINUS I 235-238 A.D. (21) Rome

261 Den. 235 A.D. PAX AVGVSTI Pax 1. RIC, IV,, p. 140, 12 1 262 Den. ,, PROVIDENTIA AVG Providentia 1. RIC, IV,, p. 141, 13 1

263 Den. ,, SALVS AVGVSTI Salus seated 1. RIC, IV2, p. 141, 14 1

264 Sea. ,, FIDES MILITVM SC Fides 1. RIC, IVs, p. 144, 48 3

265 Sea. ,, PAX AVGVSTI SC Pax l. RIGC, IV,, p. 145, 58 8

266 Ses. ,, SALVS AVGVSTI SC Salus seated 1. RIC, IV,, p. 145, 64 1

267 Sea. ,, VICTORIA AVG SC Victory advancing r. RIC, IV2, p. 145, 67 1

268 Dup. ,, Same RIC, IV,, p. 145, 68 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 19

269 Ses. 286 A.D. FIDES MILITVM SC Fides 1. RIC, IV2,, p. 146, 78 6

270 Ses. ,, PAX AVGVSTI SC Pax 1. RIC, IV,, p. 146, 81 1

271 Ses. ,, SALVS AVGVSTI SC Salus seated 1. RIG, IV,, p. 147, 85 1

272 Ses. VICTORIA GERMANICA SC Victory 1. RIC, IV2, p. 147, 90 1

MAXIMUS (2) Rome

273 Ses. 236 A.D. PRINCIPI IWENTVTIS SC Prince 1. RIC, IV2, p. 156, 13 2

PUPIENUS 238 A.D. (2) Rome

274 Ses. 288 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGG SC Concordia seated 1. RIC, IV2, p. 175, 20 1


GORDIAN 111 288-244 A.D. (52) Rome

275 Den. 241 A.D. SALVS AVGVSTI Salus r. RIC, IV3, p. 28, 129 A 8

276 Ant. 289 A.D. PM TR P II COS PP Victory advancing 1. RIC, IV3, p. 17, 19 1

277 Ant. 240 A.D. CONCORDIA AVG Concordia seated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 19, 35 1

278 Ant. ,, CONCORDIA MILIT Same RIC, IV3, p. 23, 65 1

279 Ant. 241-243 A.D. AETERNITATI AVG Sol 1. RIC, IV3, p. 24, 83 2

280 Ant. ,, IOVI STATORI Jupiter r. RIC, IV3, p. 25, 84 3 281 Ant. ,, LAETITIA AVG N Laetitia 1. RIC, IV3, p. 25, 86 2

282 Ant. ,, VIRTVTI AVGVSTI Hercules r. RIC, IV3, p. 25, 95 2

283 Ant. 243 A.D. PM TR P VI COS II PP Emperor r. RIC, IV3, p. 25, 94 1

284 Ant. 243-244 A.D. FORT REDVX Fortuna seated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 31, 143 2

285 Ant. ,, MARS PROPVG Mars advancing r. RIC, IV3, p. 31, 145 3

286 Ant. ,, SECVRIT PERP Securitas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 31, 151 1

287 Ant. ,, VICTOR AETER Victory 1. RIC, IV3, p. 31, 154 1

288 Ant. ,, VICTORIA AETER Same RIC, IV3, p. 31, 155 1

289 Ses. 238-239 A.D. FIDES MILITVM SC Fides 1. RIC, IV3, p. 43, 254a 1

290 Ses. 240 A.D. PM TR P II COS PP SC Emperor RIC, IV,, p. 45, 271 1 sacrificing 1.

291 Ses. ,, PM TR P III COS PP SC Same RIC, IV3, p. 47, 292a 1

292 Ses. ,, VIRTVS AVG SC Virtus 1. RIC, IV3, p. 47, 293a 1

293* Ses. 241-243 A.D. AETERNITATI AVG SC Sol 1. RIC, IV3, p. 48, 297a 4

294 Ses. ,, FELICITAS AVG SC Felicitas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 49, 310a 1

295 Ses. ,, SECVRITAS AVG SC Securitas seated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 49, 311a 1

296 Ses. ,, LAETITIA AVG N SC Laetitia 1. RIC, IV3, p. 48, 300a 2

297 Dup. ,, Same RIC, IV3, p. 48, 300c 1

298 Ses. 248 A.D. PM TR P VI COS II PP SC Emperor r. RIC, IV3, p. 49, 308a 1

299 Sea. 243-244 A.D. FELICIT TEMPOR SC Felicitas 1. RIC, IV,, p. 51, 328a 1

300 Ses. ,, FELICITAS TEMPORVM SC Same RIC, IV3, p. 51, 330 1

301 Ses. ,, MARS PROPVGNAT SC Mars advancing r. RIC, IV3, p. 52, 332a 1

302 Sea. ,, MARTEM PROPVGNATOREM SC Same RIC, IV3, p. 52, 333 1

303 Ses. ,, SECVRITAS PERPETVA SC Securitas 1. RIG, IV3, p. 52, 336 1

304 Sea. ,, VICTORIA AETERNA Victory 1. RIC, IV,, p. 52, 338a 2

Rome or Antioch 305* Ant. 288-289 A.D. PROVIDENTIA AVG Providentia 1. RIC, IV,, p. 16, 4 or p. 35, 193 1

306 Ant. 239-240 A.D. PM TR P II COS PP Serapis 1. RIC, IV3, p. 18, 30 1

2*

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


307 Ant. 243-244 A.D. FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna seated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 31, 144 or p. 37, 210 1

308 Ant. 244 A.D. PM TR P VII COS II PP Mars advancing r. RIC, IV3, p. 32, 167A or p. 36, 207 1

Uncertain 309* Ant. VIRTVS AVG Virtus 1. RIC, IV3, p. 39, 229 1

310 Ant. ANNONA AVGG Annona 1. RIC, IV3, p. 39, 281 1


PHILIP 1 244-249 A.D. (31) Rome

311 Ant. 244 A.D. LAETIT FVNDAT Laetitia 1. RIC, IV3, p. 72, 36b 1

312 Ant. ,, VICTORIA AVG Victory advancing r. RIC, IV3, p. 74, 49b 1

313 Ant. 244-245 A.D. SECVRIT ORBIS Securitas seated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 73, 48b 2

314 Ant. 245 A.D. LIBERALITAS AVGG II Liberalitas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 72, 38b 2

315 Ant. ,, FELICITAS TEMP Felicitas 1. RIC, IV,, p. 72, 31 2

316 Ant. 245-247 A.D. AEQVITAS AVGG Aequitas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 71, 27b 1

317 Ant. 248 A.D. SAECVLARES AVGG Column with COS III RIC, IV3, p. 71, 24c 1

318 Ant. ,, SAECVLVM NOWM Hexastyle temple RIC, IV3, p. 71, 25b 1

319 Ant. 248-249 A.D. FIDES EXERCITVS Four standards RIC, IV3, p. 75, 62 2

320 Ses. 244 A.D. FIDES MILITVM SC Fides 1. RIC, IV3, p. 90, 172a 1

321 Ses. ,, SALVS AVG SC Salus 1. RIC, IV3, p. 91, 187a 2

322 Ses. 245 A.D. FELICITAS TEMP SC Felicitas 1. RIC, IV,, p. 90, 169a 1

323 Ses. 245-247 A.D. AEQVITAS AVGG SC Aequitas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 89, 166a (2). 166c (1) 3

324 Ses. 248 A.D. SAECVLARES AVGG SC Lion r. RIC, IV3, p. 89, 158 1

Antioch 325* Ant. 247-249 A.D. AEQVITAS AVG Aequitas 1. cf. RIC, IV3, p. 78, 82 1

(PLATE 1) 326 Ant. 249 A.D. PM TR P VI COS PP Felicitas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 78, 78 1

327 Ant. ,, Same. Emperor sacrificing 1. RIC, IV3, p. 78, 79a (1). 79b (1) 2

Uncertain 328* Ant. ROMAE AETERNAE Roma seated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 81, 106A 2

328a Ant. (3) AE (1) Uncertain type 4

OTACILIA SEVERA (9) Rome

329 Ant. 245 A.D. PVDICITIA AVG Pudicitia seated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 83, 123c 1

330 Ant. 246-248 A.D. IVNO CONSERVAT Juno 1. RIC, IV3, p. 83, 127 1

331 Ant. 248 A.D. SAECVLARES AVGG IIII Hippopotamus r. RIC, IV3, p. 82, 116b 1

332 Ses. 245-247 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGG SC Concordia seated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 94, 203a (2). 4 203e (1). 204 (1)

333 Ses. 248-249 A.D. PIETAS AVGVSTAE SC Pietas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 94, 208a 1

Uncertain 334* Ant. CONCORDIA AVGG Concordia seated l. RIC, IV3, p. 86, 143

TRAJAN DECIUS 249-251 A.D. (10) Rome

335 Ant. 249-251 A.D. ABVNDANTIA AVG Abundantia r. RIC, IV,, p. 121, 10b 1

336 Ant. ,, DACIA Dacia 1. RIC, IV3, p. 121, 12b 1 337 Ant. ,, VICTORIA AVG Victory advancing 1. RIC, IV,, p. 123, 29o 1

338 Sea. c. 249 A.D. DACIA SC Dacia 1. RIC, IV,, p. 133, 101a 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 21

339 Dbl. 249-251 A.D. FELICITAS SAECVLI SC Felicitas 1. RI, IV3,, p. 135, 115a 1 Ses.

340 Ses. ,, PANNONIAE SC Two Pannoniae RIC, IV3, p. 136, 124a 2

341 Ses. ,, VICTORIA AVG SC Victory advancing 1. RIC, IV3, p. 136, 126d 1

342 As ,, LIBERALITAS AVG SC Liberalitas 1. RBIC, IV3, p. 136, 120a 1

Uncertain 342a Ant. Uncertain type 1

HERENNIA ETRUSCILLA (5) Rome

343 Ant. 249-251 A.D. FECVNDITAS AVG Fecunditas 1. RIC, IV,, p. 127, 55b 2

344 Ant. ,, PVDICITIA AVG Pudicitia 1. RIC, IV3, p. 127, 58b 2

345 Ant. ,, Same. Pudicitia seated 1. RIC, IV,, p. 127, 59b 1

HERENNIUS ETRUSCUS 251 A.D. (2) Rome

346 Ant. c. 250-251 A.D. PRINCIPI IWENTVTIS Apollo seated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 139, 146 1

347 Ant. Same. Prince 1. RIC, IV3, p. 139, 147c 1

TREBONIANUS GALLUS 251-253 A.D. (17) Rome

348 Ant. 251-253 A.D. ANNONA AVGG Annona r. RIC, IV3, p. 162, 31 1

349 Ant. ,, IVNO MARTIALIS Juno seated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 162, 35 2

350 Ant. ,, LIBERTAS AVGG Libertas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 163, 37 1

351 Ant. ,, PIETAS AVGG Pietas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 163, 41 2

352 Ant. ,, PROVIDENTIA AVGG Providentia 1. RIC, IV,, p. 163, 44 1

353 Ses. ,, LIBERALITAS AVGG SC Liberalitas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 171, 113 1

354 Ses. 253 A.D. PM TR P IIII COS II PP SC Emperor RIC, IV3, p. 170, 100 1 sacrificing 1.

Milan 355 Ant. 251-253 A.D. IVNO MARTIALIS Juno seated 1. R•C, IV,, p. 166, 69 3

356 Ant. ,, LIBERTAS PVBLICA Libertas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 166, 70 2

357 Ant. ,, PIETAS AVGG Pietas 1. RIC, TIV, p. 166, 72 1

Antioch 358* Ant. 251-253 A.D. AEQVITAS AVG Aequitas 1. RIC, IV,, p. 168, 80 1

359 Ant. ,, MARTI PACIFERO Mars advancing 1. RIC, IV,, p. 168, 85 1

VOLUSIAN 251-253 A.D. (8) Rome

360 Ant. 251-253 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGG Concordia 1. RIC, IV3, p. 178, 167 1

361 Ant. ,, IVNONI MARTIALI Juno seated in temple RIC, IV,, p. 178, 173 1

362 Ant. 253 A.D. PM TR P IIII COS II Emperor 1. RIC, IV3, p. 175, 140 1

363 Ses. 251-253 A.D. IVNONI MARTIALI SC Juno in temple RIC, IV3, p. 188, 252a 1

Antioch 364* Ant. 251-253 A.D. FELICITAS PVBL Felicitas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 183, 217 1

Uncertain 364a Ant. (2) AE (1) Uncertain type 3

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


AEMILIAN 253 A.D. (4) Rome

365 Ant. 253 A.D. DIANAE VICTRI Diana 1. RIC, IV3, p. 194, 2b 1 366 Ant. ,, PM TR P I PP Emperor sacrificing 1. RIC, IV,, p. 195, 7 1

367 Ant. SPES PVBLICA Spes advancing 1. RIGC, IV, p. 195, 10 2

VALERIAN I 253-260 A.D. (38) Rome

368* Ant. 253 A.D. FIDES MILITVM Fides1. RIC, Vx, p. 45, 89 2

369 Ant. 254 A.D. FELICITAS AVGG Felicitas 1. RIC, V1, p. 45, 86 1

370 Ant. ,, PM TR P II COS II PP Jupiter 1. RIC, V1, p. 49, 141 1 371 Ant. 255-256 A.D. FELICITAS AVGG Felicitas 1. RIC, V1, p. 45, 87 2

372 Ant. ,, FIDES MILITVM Fides 1. RIC, V1, p. 46, 90 2

373 Ant. ,, VICTORIA AVGG Victory 1. RIC, V1, p. 48, 126 1

374 Ant. 257 A.D. ORIENS AVGG Sol 1. RIC, V1, p. 47, 106 4

375 Ant. 258 A.D. IOVI CONSERVAT Jupiter 1. RIC, Vx, p. 46, 94 1

Milan 376* Ant. 257 A.D. CONCORDIA MILIT Concordia 1. RIC, V1, p. 56, 238 1

377 Ant. 257-259 A.D. SALVS AVGG Salus r. RIC, V1,

p. 57, 252f. 2

378 Ant. 258 A.D. SECVRIT PERPET Securitas 1. RIC, V1, p. 57, 256 1

Antioch 379* Ant. 254-256 A.D. FORTVNA REDVX Mercury 1. Berytus, IV, Pl. V, 1lf. 2

380 Ant. ,, VENVS VICTRIX Venus 1. Berytus, IV, P1. V, 23 1

381 Ant. ,, VICTORIAE AVGG Soldier r. Berytus, IV, Pl. V, 20f. 1 382 Ant. ,, AETERNITATI AVGG Sol l. Berytus, IV, P1. VI, 10f. 1

383 Ant. 256-258 A.D. FELICITAS AVGG Felicitas 1. Berytus, IV, P1. VIII, 6f. 1

384 Ant. 257 A.D. PM TR PV COS IIII PP Emperors facing Berytus, IV, P1. VIII, 16-19 2

Asia Uncertain 385 Ant. 255-258 A.D. VIRTVS AVGG Emperors facing Berytus, IV, P1. X, 1-5 4

386 Ant. PIETAS AVGG Emperors sacrificing Berytus, IV, P1. X, 14f. 3 387 Ant. ,, VOTA ORBIS Victories with shield Berytus, IV, P1. X, 23-XI, 1 1 388 Ant. ,, RESTITVT ORIENTIS Emperor and Orient Berytus, IV, P1. XI, 7-10 4

GALLIENUS 253-268 A.D. (349) Rome

389 Den. 260-268 A.D. ABVNDANTIA AVG Abundantia r. RIC, Vx, p. 161, 346 2 390 Ant. 253 A.D. PAX AVGG Pax 1. RIC, Vx, p. 81, 155 1 391 Ant. 254 A.D. CONCORDIA EXERCIT Concordia 1. RIC,

V1, p. 80, 132 1

392 Ant. 255-256 A.D. PROVIDENTIA AVGG Providentia 1. RIC, V1, p. 82, 159 1

393 Ant. 257-258 A.D. VICTORIA GERM Victory 1. RIC, V1,

p. 82, 175 2 394 Ant. 260-268 A.D. ABVNDANTIA AVG Abundantia r. RIC, V,, p. 144, 157 7

395 Ant. ,, AEQVITAS AVG Aequitas 1. RIC, V1, p. 144, 159 8 396 Ant. ,, AETERNITAS AVG Sol l. RIC,

V1, p. 144, 160 7

397* Ant. ,, ANNONA AVG Annona r. RIC, Vx, p. 145, 161 2 398 Ant. ,, CONSERVAT PIETAT Emperor 1. RIC, Vx, p. 145, 171a 1 399 Ant. ,, DIANAE CONS AVG Doe RIC, V,, p. 146, 177 1 400 Ant. ,, Same. Stag RIC, V,, p. 146, 179 1 401* Ant. ,, FELICI AVG Felicitas 1. RIG, V,, p. 147, 187 2

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 23

402 Ant. 260-268 A.D. FELICIT AVG Felicitas r. RIC, V1, p. 147, 189 1

403* Ant. ,, Same. Felicitas 1. RIC, V1, p. 147, 191 2

404 Ant. ,, FELICIT PVBL Felicitas seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 147, 192 3

405 Ant. ,, FIDES MILITVM Fides 1. RIC, V1, p. 147, 192a 5 406* Ant. ,, FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1. RIC, V1, p. 147, 193 2

407 Ant. ,, Same. Fortuna seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 147, 194a 1

408 Ant. ,, INDVLGENT AVG Indulgentia seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 148, 205 2

409 Ant. ,, INDVLGENTIA AVG Indulgentia leaning RIC, V1, p. 148, 206 2 on column

410 Ant. ,, IOVI CONSERVA Jupiter 1. RIC, V1, p. 149, 208 1

411 Ant. ,, IOVI STATOR Jupiter r. RIC, V1, p. 149, 216 5

412 Ant. ,, IOVI VLTORI Jupiter advancing 1. RIC, V1, p. 150, 221 1

413"* Ant. ,, LAETITIA AVG Laetitia 1. RIC, V1, p. 150, 226 5

414 Ant. ,, MARTI PACIFERO Mars 1. RIC, V1, p. 151, 236 14

415 Ant. ,, ORIENS AVG Sol 1. RIC, V1, p. 152, 249 5

416 Ant. ,, PAX AVG Pax 1. RIC, V1, p. 153, 256 6

417* Ant. ,, Same. Pax seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 153, 258 3 418 Ant. ,, PAX PVBLICA Same RIC, V1, p. 153, 260 2

419 Ant. ,, PRINC IVVWENT Youth 1. RIC, V1, p. 154, 265 1

420 Ant. ,, PROVID AVG Providentia 1. RIC, V1, p. 154, 267 (2). 270 (2) 4

421 Ant. ,, SECVRIT ORBIS Securitas seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 155, 278 (2). 279 (1) 3

422 Ant. ,, SECVRIT PERPET Securitas 1. RIC, V1, p. 155, 280 4

423* Ant. ,, VBERITAS AVG Uberitas 1. cf. RIC, V1, p. 156, 287 11

424 Ant. ,, VICT GAL AVG Three Victories RIC, V1, p. 156, 294 1

425 Ant. ,, VICTORIA AET Victory 1. RIC, V1, p. 157, 297 6

426* Ant. ,, VICTORIA AVG Same RIC, V1, p. 157, 299 1

427 Ant. ,, VICTORIA AVG III Victory advancing 1. RIC, V1, p. 157, 305 1

428 Ant. VIRTVS AVG Mars 1. RIC ,V1, p. 158, 317 (3). 7 320 (2). 321 (2)

429* Ant. ,, Same. Soldier 1. RIC, V1, p. 159, 325 3 430* Ant. ,, VIRTVS AVGVSTI Mars 1. cf. RIC, V1, p. 159, 330 2

Milan 431* Ant. 257 A.D. VICT GERM Victory advancing 1. RIC, V1, p. 99, 404 1

432* Ant. 258 A.D. LEG IIII FL VI P VI F Lion running r. cf. RIC, V1, p. 94, 343 1 (PLATE 1)

433 Ant. ,, LEG X GEM VI P VI F Bull r. RIC, V1, p. 96, 357 1

434* Ant. 266 A.D. PM TR P VII COS Emperor seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 171, 457 1

435 Ant. 260-268 A.D. AETERNITAS AVG Sol. 1. RIC, V1, p. 171, 466 2

436 Ant. ,, APOLLO CONSER Apollo r. RIC, V1, p. 172, 467 1

437 Ant. ,, Same. Apollo 1. RIG, V,, p. 172, 468 1

438 Ant. ,, FORT REDVX Fortuna seated 1. RIC, V,, p. 173, 483 (1). 484 (1) 2

439 Ant. ,, MARTI PACIFERO Mars advancing 1. RIC, V,, p. 174, 492 1

440 Ant. ,, ORIENS AVG Sol. 1. RIC, V1, p. 174, 495 3

441 Ant. ,, SALVS AVG Aesculapius 1. RIC, V1, p. 176, 511b 3

442 Ant. ,, SECVRIT PERPET Securitas 1. RIC, V1, p. 176, 516 1

443 Ant. ,, VICTORIA AVG Victory advancing 1. RIC, V1, p. 176, 523 1

444 Ant. ,, VIRTVS AVG Soldier 1. RIC, V1, p. 177, 534 2

Lyons 445* Ant. 258-259 A.D. GERMANICVS MAX V Trophy RIC, V,, p. 70, 18 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


Siscia 446* Ant. 260-268 A.D. ANNONA AVG Annona r. RIC, Vx, p. 180, 556 1

447* Ant. ,, PAX AVG Pax advancing 1. RIC, V1, p. 182, 576 3

448 Ant. ,, SPES PVBLICA Spes advancing RIC, Vx, p. 182, 584 1

449 Ant. ,, ANNONA AVG Annona 1. RIC, V1, p. 180, 557 1

450 Ant. ,, PROVIDEN AVG Providentia 1. RIC, V1, p. 182, 580 2

451 Ant. ,, VICTORIA AVG Victory 1. RIC, V., p. 183, 587 3

452 Ant. ,, CONCORDIA AVG Concordia 1. RIC, V1, p. 180, 563 3

453 Ant. ,, AETERNITATI AVG Sol 1. RIC, V1, p. 180, 555 1

454 Ant. ,, VICTORIA AET Victory 1. RIC, V1, p. 183, 586 1

455 Ant. ,, FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1. RIC, V1, p. 181, 572 6

456 Ant. ,, VICTORIA AVG Victory advancing r. RIC, V1, p. 183, 588 1

Asia Minor 457* Ant. 266-268 A.D. AETERNTT (sic) AVG Wolf and twins cf. Berytus, V, p. 61, 4 1

(PLATE 1) 458 Ant. CONSERVATOR AVG Aesculapius 1. Berytus, V, p. 61, 5 1

459 Ant. MINERVA AVG Minerva r. Berytus, V, p. 63, 7 1

Antioch 460 Ant. 254-256 A.D. FELICITAS SAECVLI Diana advancing r. Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 2f. 1

461 Ant. ,, VIRTVS AVGG Soldier 1. Berytus, IV, Pl. VII, 5 2

462 Ant. ,, DIANA LVCIFERA Diana r. Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 9 1

463* Ant. 256-258 A.D. AEQVITAS AVGG Aequitas 1. cf. Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 13 1

464 Ant. ,, LIBERALITAS AVGG Liberalitas 1. Berytus, IV, P1. VIII, 11f. 1

465 Ant. 262-263 A.D. ROMAE AETERNAE Roma seated 1. Berytus, V, p. 48, 3 (obv. a) 2

466 Ant. ,, AETERNITATI AVG Sol 1. Berytus, V, p. 48, 7 (obv. a) 1

467 Ant. ,, IOVI STATORI Jupiter r. Berytus, V, p. 48, 9 (obv. a) 1

468 Ant. 263 A.D. PM TR P XII COS V PP Serapis 1. Berytus, V, p. 48, 1 2

469 Ant. 264 A.D. PM TR P XIII C VI PP Lion 1. Berytus, V, p. 50, 2 2

470 Ant. 264-267 A.D. ROMAE AETERNAE Roma seated 1. Berytus, V, p. 48, 3 (obv. b) 1

471 Ant. ,, VICTORIA AVG Victory advancing 1. Berytus, V, p. 48, 4 2

472 Ant. ,, VIRTVS AVGVSTI Hercules r. Berytus, V, p. 48, 5 1

473 Ant. ,, VIRTVS AVG Mars 1. Berytus, V, p. 48, 6; P1. XV, 14 3

474 Ant. ,, AETERNITATI AVG Sol 1. Berytus, V, p. 48, 7 (obv. b) 3

475 Ant. ,, AEQVITAS AVG Aequitas 1. Berytus, V, p. 48, 8 6 476 Ant. ,, IOVI STATORI Jupiter r. Berytus, V, p. 48, 9 (obv. b) 4

477* Ant. 264-266 A.D. MINERVA AVG Minerva r. Berytus, V, p. 50, 4 3

478 Ant. ,, MARS VICTOR Mars advancing r. Berytus, V, p. 50, 5 2

479 Ant. ,, VIRTVS AVG Emperor r. Berytus, V, p. 50, 8 2

480 Ant. ,, AETERNITAS AVG Wolf and twins Berytus, V, p. 50, 9 2

481 Ant. ,, PAX FVNDATA Trophy Berytus, V, p. 50, 11 1

482 Ant. 266 A.D. IOVI CONSER AVG Jupiter 1. Berytus, V, p. 51, 1 1

483 Ant. ,, IOVI CONSERVAT Same Berytus, V, p. 52, 2 3

484 Ant. ,, SOLI INVICTO Sol 1. Berytus, V, p. 52, 3 4

485 Ant. ,, VIRTVS AVG Mars r. Berytus, V, p. 52, 6 3

486 Ant. ,, AETERNITAS AVG Saturn r. Berytus, V, p. 52, 7 2

487 Ant. ,, FIDES AVG Mercury 1. Berytus, V, p. 52, 8 2

488 Ant. 266-268 A.D. VIRTVS AVG Mars r. Berytus, V, p. 53, 2 1

489 Ant. ,, IVBENTVS AVG Emperor 1. Berytus, V, p. 54, 5 1

490 Ant. ,, LAETITIA AVG Laetitia 1. Berytus, V, p. 54, 6 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 25

491 Ant. 266-268 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter 1. Berytus, V, p. 54, 7 3

492 Ant. ,, FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1. Berytus, V, p. 54, 9 1

493 Ant. ,, MINERVA AVG Minerva 1. Berytus, V, p. 54, 10 1


495 Ant. 268 A.D. VIRTVS AVG Mars r. Berytus, V, p. 55, 1 1

496 Ant. ,, CONSERVATOR AVG Aesculapius 1. Berytus, V, p. 55, 3 1

497 Ant. ,, VENER VICTRICI Venus 1. Berytus, V, p. 55, 4 1

498 Ant. ,, PROVIDENTIA AVG Mercury 1. Berytus, V, p. 55, 8 1


500 Ant. ,, LVNA LVCIFERA Diana advancing r. Berytus, V, p. 55, 10 1

501* Ant. ,, AETERNITATI AVG Sol 1. cf. Berytus, V, p. 48, 7 and 1 p. 56 (PLATE 1)

Asia Uncertain 502 Ant. 255-258 A.D. VIRTVS AVGG Emperors facing Berytus, IV, Pl. X, 8-12 1

503 Ant. 259 A.D. PIETAS AVGG Emperors sacrificing Berytus, IV, P1. XII, 6. 14 1

504 Ant. ,, VICTORIA GERMAN Emperor and Victory Berytus, IV, P1. XIII, 10 1

505 Ant. 260 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI Emperor and Jupiter Berytus, IV, Pl. XIII, 20 1

506 Ant. ,, Same Berytus, IV, P1. XIV, 8f. 4

507 Ant. ,, VICTORIA AVG Emperor and Victory Berytus, IV, P1. XIII, 26. XIV, 1 2

508 Ant. ,, VIRTVS AVG Emperor and Roma Berytus, IV, Pl. XIV, 6 4

Uncertain 509 Ant. AEQVITAS AVG or AVGG Aequitas 1. 2

510 Ant. FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1. 3

511 Ant. IOVI STATORI Jupiter 1. 1

512 Ant. MARTI PACIFERO Mars 1. 2

513 Ant. ORIENS AVG Sol 1. 4

514 Ant. PROVIDENTIA AVG Providentia 1. 2

515 Ant. VICTORIA AVG Victory 1. 4

516* Ant. LAETITIA AVGG Laetitia 1. (PLATE 1) 2

516a Ant. Uncertain type 49

SALONINA (83) Rome

517* Ant. 256-257 A.D. FECVNDITAS AVG Fecunditas r. RIC, V1, p. 111, 26 1

518 Ant. ,, PIETAS AVGG Pietas 1. RIC, V1, p. 111, 33 1

519 Ant. 260-268 A.D. CONCORD AET Concordia seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 192, 2 2

520 Ant. ,, FECVNDITAS AVG Fecunditas 1. RIC, V1, p. 192, 5 8 521 Ant. ,, FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1. RIC, V1, p. 193, 9 2

522 Ant. ,, IVNO CONSERVAT Juno 1. RIC, V1, p. 193, 11 4

523 Ant. ,, IVNO REGINA Similar RIC, V1, p. 193, 12 1

524 Ant. ,, IVNONI CONS AVG Doe advancing 1. RIC, V1, p. 193, 16 2

525 Ant. ,, PAX AVG Pax 1. RIC, V1, p. 193, 19 2

526 Ant. ,, PIETAS AVG Pietas 1. RIC, V1, p. 193, 21 1

527 Ant. ,, PVDICITIA Pudicitia 1. RIC, V1, p. 194, 24 2

528 Ant. ,, Same. Pudicitia seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 194, 25 8

529 Ant. ,, VENVS VICTRIX Venus 1. RIC, V1, p. 194, 31 4

530 Ant. ,, VESTA Vesta seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 194, 32 3

531 Ses. 255-256 A.D. IVNO REGINA SC Juno 1. RIC, V1, p. 112, 46 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


Milan 532 Ant. 260-268 A.D. VENVS FELIX Venus 1. RIC, V1, p. 198, 65 1

Siscia 533* Ant. 260-268 A.D. CONCOR AVG Concordia seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 198, 71 6 534 Ant. ,, IVNO REGINA Juno 1. RIC, V1, p. 199, 76 1 535 Ant. FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 199, 75 1 536 Ant. ,, PIETAS AVG Pietas 1. RIC, V1, p. 199, 78 1

Antioch 537 Ant. 256-258 A.D. IVNO REGINA Juno 1. Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 19f. 4 538 Ant. ,, PVDICITIA AVG Pudicitia 1. Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 21 1 539 Ant. 262-267 A.D. IVNO REGINA Juno l. Berytus, V, p. 48, 10 1 540 Ant. 264-266 A.D. CERERI AVG Ceres seated 1. Berytus, V, p. 50, 12 4 541 Ant. 266 A.D. VENVS AVG Venus 1. Berytus, V, p. 52, 9 2 542 Ant. 266-268 A.D. SALVS AVG Salus r. Berytus, V, p. 54, 14 2

Asia Uncertain 543 Ant. 255-258 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGG Emperor and empress Berytus, IV, P1. XI, 15-19 2 544 Ant. 259 A.D. CONCORDIA AVG Same Berytus, IV, P1. XII, 7 1 545 Ant. ,, ROMAE AETERNAE Emperor and Roma Berytus, IV, Pl. XIII, 16-18 1

Uncertain 546* Ant. 253-260 A.D. VENVS VICTRIX Venus 1. RIC, V1, p. 115, 68 1 547 Ant. IVNO REGINA Juno 1. with and 4

without peacock 547a Ant. Uncertain type 8

VALERIAN 1I (2) Rome

548 Ant. 254-255 A.D. PIETAS AVGG Sacrificial implements RIC, V1, p. 118, 20 1

Antioch 549 Ant. 256-257 A.D. VICTORIA PART Prince and Victory Berytus, IV, P1. IX, 12f. 1

SALONINUS (1) Asia Uncertain

550 Ant. 258-259 A.D. SPES PVBLICA Prince and Spes Berytus, IV, P1. XII, 1-3. 23f. 1

MACRIAN 260-261 A.D. (4) Asia Uncertain

551 Ant. 260-261 A.D. SOL INVICTO Sol 1. Berytus, IV, P1. XIV, 15f. 1

552 Ant. ,, ROMAE AETERNAE Roma seated 1. Berytus, IV, P1. XV, 1-3 1

553 Ant. ,, APOLINI CONSERVA Apollo 1. Berytus, IV, PI. XV, 5 1

554 Ant. ,, SPES PVBLICA Spes 1l. Berytus, IV, PI. XV, 10f. 1

QUIETUS 260-261 A.D. (3) Asia Uncertain

555 Ant. 260-261 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter seated 1. Berytus, IV, PI. XIV, 17f. 1

556 Ant. ,, ROMAE AETERNAE Roma seated 1. Berytus, IV, P1. XIV, 22-24 1

557 Ant. ,, SPES PVBLICA Spes 1. Berytus, IV, P1. XV, 9 1

POSTUMUS 259-268A.D. (1) Lyons

558* Ant. 259-265 A.D. VICTORIA AVG Victory advancing 1. RIC, V,, p. 344, 89 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 27

VICTORINUS 268-270 A.D. (1) Cologne

559 Ant. 268-270 A.D. INVICTVS Sol advancing 1. RIC, V2, p. 396, 114 1

TETRICUS 270-273 A.D. (2) Gaul Uncertain

560 Ant. 270-273 A.D. PAX AVG Pax 1. RIC, V,, p. 409, 103 1

Irregular Mint 561 Ant. 270-273 A.D. Blundered legends. Victory advancing 1. of. RIC, V,, pp. 412 f. 1

CLAUDIUS 11 268-270 A.D. (23) Rome

562 Ant. 268-270 A.D. ANNONA AVG Annona 1. RIC, V1, p. 213, 18 1

563 Ant. ,, FIDES EXERCI Fides 1. RIC, V1, p. 214, 36 1

564 Ant. ,, GENIVS EXERCI Genius 1. RIC, V1, p. 215, 48 1

565 Ant. ,, VICTORIA AVG Victory 1. RIC, V1, p. 219, 104 1

566 Ant. ,, VIRTVS AVG Soldier 1. RIC, V1, p. 219, 109 1

Siscia 567 Ant. 268-270 A.D. LAETITIA AVG Laetitia 1. RIC, V1, p. 226, 181 (1). 182 (1) 2

Asia Minor 568* Ant. 268-269 A.D. VIRTVTI AVG Mars 1. Berytus, V, p. 65, 4 1

569 Ant. ,, FORTVNA AVG Fortuna 1. Berytus, V, p. 65, 10 1

Antioch 570 Ant. 268-269 A.D. NEPTVN AVG Neptune 1. Berytus, V, p. 57, 2 1

571 Ant. ,, CONSER AVG Serapis 1. Berytus, V, p. 57, 4 1

572* Ant. ,, AEQVITAS AVG Aequitas 1. Berytus, V, p. 57, 10 1

Various Mints 573* Ant. After 270 A.D. CONSECRATIO Eagle 1. RIC, V1, p. 234, 266 5

(PLATE 2) 574* Ant. ,, Same. Altar RIC, V1, pp. 233f., 261f. 4

Uncertain 574a Ant. Uncertain type 2

QUINTILLUS 270 A.D. (1) Rome

575 Ant. 270 A.D. SECVRIT AVG Securitas 1. RIC, V, p. 242, 31 1

AURELIAN 270-275 A.D. (163) Rome

576 Den. 274-275 A.D. VICTORIA AVG Victory advancing 1. RIC, V1, p. 273, 78 4 577 Ant. 272-273 A.D. IOVI CONSER Emperor and Jupiter RIC, V1, p. 270, 48 2

578 Ant. ,, RESTITVT ORBIS Emperor, woman RIC, V1, p. 271, 53 1

579* Ant. ,, VIRT MILITVM Emperor, soldier RIC, V1, p. 271, 56 2

580 Ant. 274-275 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Concordia RIC, V1, p. 271, 60 2

581* Ant. ,, ORIENS AVG Sol advancing 1. RIC, V1, pp. 271f., 61 (1). 62 (2) 3

582 Ant. ,, Same. Sol advancing r. RIC, V1, p. 272, 64 4

Milan 583 Ant. 272-273 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Concordia RIC, V1, p. 278, 120 1

584 Ant. ,, FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna seated 1. RIC, V,, p. 279, 128 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


585 Ant. 272-273 A.D. IOVI CONSER Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V1, p. 279, 129 2

586 Ant. RESTITVT ORIENTIS Emperor, woman RIC, V1, p. 280, 140 1

587 Ant. VIRTVS MILITVM Emperor, soldier RIC, V1, p. 281, 147 1

Ticinum 588 Ant. 274-275 A.D. ORIENS AVG Sol advancing 1. RIC, V1, p. 281, 151 1

589 Ant. ,, SOLI INVICTO Same RIC, V1, p. 282, 154 1

Siscia 590 Ant. 270-271 A.D. CONCORDIA MILI Concordia with ensigns RIC, V1, p. 286, 192 1

591 Ant. ,, CONCORDIA MILIT Two Concordiae RIC, V1, p. 287, 199 1

592* Ant. 272-273 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Concordia RIC, V1, p. 288, 215 (6). 216 (3) 9

593 Ant. ,, FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 289, 220 1

594 Ant. ,, IOVI CONSER Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V1, p. 289, 225 13

595* Ant. ,, IOVI CONSERVATORI Same RIC, V1, p. 290, 227 6

596 Ant. ,, RESTITV ORIENTIS Emperor raising woman RIC, V1, p. 290, 233 1

597 Ant. ,, RESTITVTOR ORIENTIS Same RIC, V1, p. 290, 233 1

598 Ant. ,, VICTORIA AVG Victory advancing 1. RIC, V1, p. 291, 237 1

599 Ant. ,, Same. Victory soaring RIC, V1, p. 291, 238 1

600* Ant. 274-275 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Concordia RIC, V1, p. 292, 244 9

601 Ant. ,, ORIENS AVG Sol advancing 1. RIC, V1, p. 293, 255 7

602 Ant. ,, SOLI INVICTO Sol l. RIC, V1, p. 294, 257 1

Serdica 603 Ant. 272-273 A.D. IOVI CONSER Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V1, p. 294, 259 (1). 261 (1) 2

604 Ant. 274-275 A.D. ORIENS AVG Sol 1. RIC, V1, p. 296, 278 1

605* Ant. Same. Emperor, Sol RIC, V1, p. 297, 283 2

606 Ant. ,, PROVIDEN DEOR Fides, Sol RIC, V1, p. 297, 284 1

607 Ant. RESTITVT ORBIS Emperor, woman RIC, V1, pp. 297-299, 289 (1). 4 290 (1). 295 (1). 299 (1)

608 Ant. ,, SOLI INVICTO Soll. RIC, V1, p. 299, 308 1

Cyzicus 609 Ant. 270-271 A.D. PM TR PP Lion r. RIC, V1, p. 302, 325 1

610 Ant. ,, IOVI STATORI Jupiter 1. RIC, V1, p. 302, 333 1

611 Ant. 272-273 A.D. FIDES MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V1, p. 303, 344 3

612* Ant. ,, IOVI CONSER Similar RIC, V1, p. 304, 346 3

613* Ant. ,, RESTITVT ORBIS Emperor, woman RIC, V],

p. 304, 348 1

614" Ant. ,, RESTITVTOR ORBIS Same RIC, V1, p. 304, 347 (2). 348 (2). 6 349 (2) (PLATE 2)

615 Ant. ,, RESTITVT ORIENTIS Emperor raising woman RIC, V1, p. 304, 351 1

616 Ant. 274-275 A.D. ORIENS AVG Sol 1. RIC, V1, pp. 305f., 360 (5). 7 361 (1). 365 (1)

617 Ant. ,, RESTITVTOR EXERCITI Emperor, Mars RIC, V1, p. 306, 366 2

618 Ant. ,, RESTITVTOR ORBIS Emperor, Victory RIC, V1, p. 306, 368 (5). 369 (7) 12

Antioch 619 Ant. 274-275 A.D. RESTITVT ORBIS Emperor, woman RIC, V1, p. 308, 386 1

Unattributed Mint 620 Ant. 272-273 A.D. RESTITVT ORBIS Same RIC, V',, p. 310, 399 1

621 Ant. ,, ROMAE AETERNAE Emperor, seated Roma RIC, V1, p. 311,405 1

622 Ant. ,, VIRTVS MILITVM Emperor, soldier RIC, V1, p. 311, 408 2

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 29

Uncertain 623 Ant. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Concordia 7

624 Ant. FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1. 1

625 Ant. IOVI CONSER Emperor, Jupiter 5

626 Ant. IOVI CONSERVATORI Same 1

627 Ant. ORIENS AVG Sol advancing 1. 2

628 Ant. RESTITVT or RESTITVTOR ORBIS 5 Emperor, woman

629 Ant. VICTORIA AVG Victory advancing 1. 1


SEVERINA (11) Rome

630 Den. 274-275 A.D. VENVS FELIX Venus 1. RIC, V1, p. 316, 6 2

631 Ant. ,, CONCORDIA AVGG Emperor, empress RIC, V1, p. 315, 3 2

632 Ant. ,, CONCORDIAE MILITVM Concordia 1. RIC, V1, p. 315, 4 1

Ticinum 633 Ant. 274-275 A.D. Same RIC, V1, p. 316, 8 1

Siscia 634 Ant. 274-275 A.D. Same RIC, V1, p. 317, 13 3

Cyzicus 635 Ant. 274-275 A.D. Same RIC, V1, p. 318, 18 1

Antioch 636 Ant. 274-275 A.D. Same RIC, V1, p. 318, 20 1

TACITUS 275-276 A.D. (7) Ticinum

637 Ant. 275-276 A.D. FELICITAS SAECVLI Felicitas 1. RIC, V1, p. 340, 139 1

638 Ant. ,, PROVIDE AVG Providentia l. RIC, V1, p. 341, 152 1

Siscia 639 Ant. 275-276 A.D. PAX AVGVSTI Pax 1. RIC, V1, p. 344, 186 1

640 Ant. ,, SALVS AVG Salus 1. RIC, V1, p. 345, 189 1

Serdica 641 Ant. 275-276 A.D. CONSERVAT MILIT Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V1, p. 345, 193 1

642 Ant. ,, PROVIDEN DEOR Providentia r. RIC, V1, p. 346, 197 1

Cyzicus 643 Ant. 275-276 A.D. SPES PVBLICA Emperor, Victory RIC, V1, p. 347, 207 1

FLORIAN 276 A.D. (9) Rome

644 Ant. 276 A.D. VIRTVS AVG Emperor r. RIC, V1, p. 354, 47 1

Ticinum 645 Ant. 276 A.D. FELICITAS AVG Felicitas 1. RIC, V1, p. 355, 60 (1). 61 (1) 2

646 Ant. ,, PROVIDE AVG Providentia 1. RIC, V1, p. 857, 88 1

Serdica 647 Ant. 276 A.D. PROVIDEN DEOR Providentia, Sol RIC, V1, p. 360, 111 f. 1

648* Ant. ,, VICTORIA PERPETVA AVG Emperor, Victory (PLATE 2) 1

Cyzicus 649 Ant. 276 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Same RIC, V1, p. 360, 116 8

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


PROBUS 276-282 A.D. (101) Rome

650* Ant. 276 A.D. PROVIDENTIA AVG Providentia 1. RIC, V2, p. 95, 726 1

651 Ant. 277 A.D. SOLI INVICTO Sol in spread quadriga RIC, V2, p. 39, 204 1

652 Ant. 278 A.D. Same. Sol in quadriga 1. RIC, Vs, p. 39, 202 1

653 Ant. ,, ADVENTVS AVG Emperor riding 1. RIC, V2,, p. 34, 155 1

654 Ant. 279 A.D. ROMAE AETER Roma seated in temple RIC, V2, p. 37, 185 2

655* Ant. 281 A.D. FIDES MILITVM Fides 1. cf. RIC, V2, p. 36, 169 1

656 Ant. ,, SOLI INVICTO Sol in quadriga 1. RIC, V2, p. 39, 203 1

657* Ant. 282 A.D. ADVENTVS AVG Emperor riding 1. of. RIC, V,, p. 35, 157 1

658 Ant. ,, ROMAE AETER Roma in temple RIC, V,, p. 37, 187 2

Ticinum 659 Ant. 276 A.D. VIRTVS AVG Soldier 1. RIC, V2, p. 64, 435 1

660 Ant. 277 A.D. HERCVLI PACIF Hercules 1. RIC, V,, p. 58, 375 1

661 Ant. 277-278 A.D. PROVIDENT AVG Providentia 1. RIC, V2, p. 61, 399 1

662 Ant. 278 A.D. CONCORD MILIT Emperor, Concordia RIC, V1, p. 53, 335 1

663 Ant. ,, FIDES MILIT Fides 1. RIC, V,, p. 57, 366 1

664 Ant. ,, VIRTVS AVG Soldier 1. RIC, V,, p. 64, 436 1

665 Ant. 279 A.D. MARTI PACIF Mars advancing 1. RIC, V,, p. 74, 541 1

666 Ant. ,, SECVRIT PERP Securitas 1. RIC, V2, p. 77, 575 1

667 Ant. ,, PROVIDENT AVG Providentia 1. RIC, V,, p. 75, 551 1

668 Ant. 281 A.D. Same RIC, V,, p. 70, 490 1

669 Ant. ,, PAX AVG Pax 1. RIC, V,, p. 72, 517 1

670 Ant. ,, SALVS AVG Salus r. RIC, V2, p. 71, 501 1

Lyons 671 Ant. 277-280 A.D. TEMPOR FELICI Felicitas r. RIC, V,, p. 29, 103 1

672 Ant. 282 A.D. TEMPOR FELICIT Same RIC, V2, p. 31, 129 1

673 Ant. ,, PAX AVG Pax 1. RIC, V,, p. 80, 119 1

674 Ant. ,, SALVS AVG Salus 1. RIC, V,, p. 30, 124 1

Siscia 675 Ant. 276 A.D. CONCORD MILIT Emperor, Concordia RIC, V,, p. 87, 651 1

676 Ant. 276-277 A.D. FELICITAS AVG Felicitas 1. RIC, V,, p. 90, 675 (1). 682 (1) 2

677 Ant. ,, PROVIDE AVG Providentia 1. RIC, V,, p. 94, 716 1

678 Ant. 277 A.D. PM TR P COS PP Emperor 1. RIC, V,, p. 82, 607 1

679 Ant. ,, ADVENTVS PROBI AVG Emperor riding 1. RIC, V,, p. 85, 632 (1). 634 (1) 2

680 Ant. ,, CONCORD MILIT Emperor, Concordia RIC, Vs, p. 88, 657 1

681 Ant. ,, ORIGINI AVG Wolf and twins RIC, V,, p. 92, 703 1

682 Ant. ,, SOLI INVICTO Sol in spread quadriga RIC, V,, p. 101, 776 3

6883 Ant. 278 A.D. PAX AVGVSTI Pax 1. RIC, V,, p. 98, 713 1

684 Ant. ,, RESTITVT ORBIS Emperor, woman RIC, V,, p. 96, 783 1

685 Ant. ,, VIRTVS PROBI AVG Mars advancing r. RIC, Vs, p. 105, 810 2

686 Ant. 279 A.D. SOLI INVICTO Sol in quadriga 1. RIC, Vs, p. 100, 769 (1); 2 p. 101, 774 (1)

687 Ant. 280 A.D. CONCORD MILIT Emperor, Concordia RIC, V,, p. 87, 650 1

688 Ant. ,, CONSERVAT AVG Sol 1. RIC, Vs, p. 89, 670 1

689 Ant. ,, PAX AVGVSTI Pax 1. RIC, V,, p. 98, 712 1

690 Ant. ,, PROVIDENT AVG Providentia 1. RIC, V,, p. 94, 720 1

691* Ant. ,, SALVS AVG Salus seated 1. of. RIC, V,, p. 98, 756 1

692 Ant. 282 A.D. RESTITVT ORBIS Emperor, woman RIC, V2, p. 95, 731 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 81

Serdica 693* Ant. 277 A.D. SOLI INVICTO Sol in spread quadriga RIC, V2, p. 29, 101 (2); p. 112, 5

861 (1). 862 (1); p. 113, 869 (1)

694 Ant. ,, VIRTVS PROBI AVG Emperor galloping r. RIC, V2, p. 113, 877 (1); p. 114, 3 878 (1). 880 (1)

695 Ant. ,, Same. Emperor riding 1. RIC, V,, p. 114, 887 1

Cyzicus 696* Ant. 276 A.D. CLEMENTIA TEMP Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V,, p. 117, 905 6

697 Ant. 276-277 A.D. ADVENTVS PROBI AVG Emperor riding 1. RIC, V,, p. 116, 903 (1); p. 117, 2 904 (1)

698 Ant. 280 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Victory RIC, V,, p. 117, 907 (2). 908 (2) 4

699 Ant. ,, VIRTVS PROBI AVG Emperor riding 1. RIC, V,, p. 118, 913 1

700 Ant. 280-281 A.D. SOLI INVICTO Sol in spread quadriga RIC, V,, p. 118, 911 14

Antioch 701 Ant. 280 A.D. CLEMENTIA TEMP Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V,, p. 120, 922 1

702 Ant. RESTITVT ORBIS Emperor, woman RIC, V,, p. 120, 925 1

Uncertain 703 Ant. CONCORD MILIT Emperor, Concordia 1

704 Ant. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Victory 2 705 Ant. ROMAE AETERNAE Roma in temple 2

706 Ant. SALVS AVG Salus 1. 1

707 Ant. SOLI INVICTO Sol in quadriga 1. 1

708 Ant. Same. Sol in spread quadriga 2


CARUS 282-283 A.D. (4) Rome

709 Ant. 282-283 A.D. AETERNIT IMPERI Sol advancing 1. RIC, V2, p. 139, 35 1

710 Ant. 283 A.D. VIRTVS AVGG Soldier 1. RIC, V2, p. 140, 45 1

Ticinum 711 Ant. 282-283 A.D. PAX EXERCITI Pax 1. RIC, V,, p. 143, 75 1

712 Ant. ,, SPES PVBLICA Spes advancing 1. RIC, V,, p. 144, 82 1

CARINUS 283-285 A.D. (10) Rome

713 Ant. 283-284 A.D. AEQVITAS AVGG Aequitas 1. RIC, V,, p. 169,238 1

714 Ant. 284-285 A.D. AEQVITAS AVG Same RIC, V,, p. 169, 236 1

715 Ant. ,, AETERNIT AVG Aeternitas 1. RIC, V,, p. 170, 243 1

716 Ant. ,, FIDES MILIT Fides 1. RIC, V,, p. 170, 250 1

717 Ant. ,, FIDES MILITVM Same RIC, V,, p. 170, 252 1

Ticinum 718 Ant. 283-285 A.D. FELICIT PVBLICA Felicitas 1. RIC, V,, p. 175, 295 1

Siscia 719 Ant. 282-283 A.D. PRINCIPI IWENT Prince 1. RIC, V2, p. 162, 197 1 720 Ant. 283-284 VOTA PVBLICA Emperors sacrificing RIG, V,, p. 177, 315 2

Uncertain 721 Ant. FIDES MILITVM Fides 1. 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


MAGNIA URBICA (1) Rome

722 Ant. 283-285 A.D. VENVS VICTRIX Venus 1. RIC, V,, p. 184, 343 1

NUMERIAN 283-284 A.D. (4) Rome

723 Ant. 282-283 A.D. PRINCIPI IWVVENT Prince 1. RIC, V,, p. 188, 362 1

Siscia 724 Ant. 283-284 A.D. VOTA PVBLICA Emperors sacrificing RIC, V2, p. 200, 461 1

Cyzicus 725 Ant. 283-284 A.D. CLEMENTIA TEMP Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V2, p. 201, 463 1

Antioch 726 Ant. 283-284 A.D. VIRTVS AVGG Same RIC, V,, p. 202, 467 1

DIOCLETIAN 284-305 A.D. (72) Rome

727* Quin. 285 A.D. IOVI CONSERVAT AVGG Jupiter 1. RIC, V,, p. 240, 193 1 (Pl.)

728 Ant. ,, PROVIDENTIA AVG Providentia 1. RIC, V2, p. 238, 180 1

729 Ant. 285-286 A.D. IOVI CONSERVAT AVGG Jupiter 1. RIC, V2, p. 236, 162 1

730 Ant. 287 A.D. Same. Similar with eagle RIC, V2, p. 237, 165 1

731 Ant. 292 A.D. Same. Jupiter r. RIC, V2, p. 237, 166 1

732 AE2 301-305 A.D. SACRA MON VRB AVGG ET CAESS NN C., 434; NZ, 1925, p. 12 1 Moneta 1.

Ticinum 733 Ant. 285 A.D. IOVI CONSERVAT Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V2, p. 243, 220 1

Thessalonica 734 Den. 296-300 A.D. VIRTVS MILITVM Camp gate C., 521; Gerin, p. 333, 1 1

Heraclea 735 Ant. 291-292 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V2, p. 249, 284 5

736 AE3 296-305 A.D. Same C., 34; Gerin, p. 111, 4 27

737 AE2 ,, GENIO POPVLI ROMANI Genius i. C., 106; Gerin, p. 111, 6-9 1

Cyzicus 738* AE3 296-305 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter C., 34; Gerin, p. 131, 9-11 25

Antioch 739 Ant. 293-295 A.D. Same RIC, V2, p. 256, 322 1

Alexandria 740 AE3 296--305 A.D. Same C., 82; Gerin, p. 9, 18 2

Uncertain 741 Ant. or AE3 Same C., 84 1

741a Ant. or AE3 Uncertain type 2

MAXIMIAN 285-805 A.D. (108) Rome

742 Ant. 285-286 A.D. IOVI CONSERVAT AVGG Jupiter 1. RIC, V,, p. 278, 506 1

743 Ant. 285-289 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI AVG (or AVGG) RIC, V,, p. 278, 508f. 1 Same

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 33

Ticinum 744 Ant. 285-288 A.D. HERCVLI CONSERVAT Hercules r. RIC, V2, p. 288, 545 1

Siscia 745 Ant. 287 A.D. VIRTVS AVGVSTORVM Similar RIC, V2, p. 289, 591 1

746 Ant. 288 A.D. CONSERVATOR AVGG Emperor, Hercules RIC, V2, p. 287, 579 1

Thessalonica 747 AE2 296-305 A.D. GENIO POPVLI ROMANI Genius 1. C., 184; Gerin, p. 333, 2 2

Heraclea 748 Ant. 292-295 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V,, p. 289, 595 1


Cyzicus 750 Ant. c. 293 A.D. Same RIC, V2, p. 291, 606f. 1


Antioch 752 Ant. 285 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG Emperor, RIC, V2, p. 294, 623 1

Jupiter 753 Ant. 285-295 A.D. IOV ET HERCV CONSER AVGG RIC, V2, p. 294, 622 1

Jupiter, Hercules

Uncertain 754 Ant. or AE3 CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter C., 54 5 754a Ant. or AE3 Uncertain type 1

CONSTANTIUS CHLORUS 805-806 A.D. (22) Aquileia

755 AE2 300-301 A.D. GENIO POPVLI ROMANI Genius 1. C., 61; NZ, 1923, pp. if. 1

Ticinum 756 AE2 301-305 A.D. SACRA MONET AVGG ET CAESS NOSTR C., 264; Gerin, pp. 320f., 14-16 1

Moneta 1.

Thessalonica 757 AE2 296-305 A.D. GENIO POPVLI ROMANI Genius 1. C., 89; Gerin, p. 334, 2f. 1

Heraclea 758 AE3 296-305 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter C., 20; Gerin, p. 1183, 3 2

Cyzicus 759 Ant. 293-295 A.D. Same RIC, V2, p. 302, 672 1

760 AE3 296-305 A.D. Same C., 20; Gerin, p. 133, 2f. 11

761 AE2 ,, GENIO AVGG ET CAESARVM NN Genius 1. C., 58; Gerin, p. 133, 5f. 1

762 AE2 305-306 A.D. GENIO POPVLI ROMANI Same M., III, p. 90, II. 1 1

Uncertain 763 Ant. or AE3 CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter C., 20 3

GALERIUS 305-311 A.D. (51) Carthage

764* AE2 296-297 A.D. FELIX ADVENT AVGG NN Africa 1. of. C., 28; Gerin, p. 129, 8 1 (PLATE 2)

Heraclea 765 AE8 296-8305 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter C., 22; Gerin, p. 113, 2 5

Cyzicus 766 AE3 296-805 A.D. Same C., 22; Gerin, p. 184, 2f. 34

3

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


Alexandria 767 AE3 296-305 A.D. Same C., 22; Gerin, p. 15, 17 2

Uncertain 768 Ant. or AE3 Same C., 22 6 769 AE2 GENIO POPVLI ROMANI Genius 1. C., 90 2 770 AE2 SACRA MONET AVGG ET CAESS NOSTR C., 188 1

Moneta 1.

GALERIA (2) Thessalonica

771 AE2 308-811 A.D. VENERI VICTRICI Venus 1. M., II, p. 423, IV; p. 425 2

SEVERUS 11 306-307 A.D. (3) Heraclea

772 AE2 305-306 A.D. GENIO POPVLI ROMANI Genius l. M., II, p. 554, II. 4 1

Alexandria 773 AE3 305-306 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter M., III, p. 230, VIII. 3 1 774 AE3 306-307 A.D. Same M., III, p. 232, XIII. 3 1

MAXIMINUS 1I 808-313 A.D. (9) Thessalonica

775 AE2 308-309 A.D. GENIO CAESARIS Genius 1. cf. M., II, p. 422, I. 2 1 776 AE2 ,, VIRTVTI EXERCITVS Mars advancing r. M., II, p. 423, II. 3 1 777 AE2 311-312 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter 1. M., II, p. 428, III. 4 1

Nicomedia 778 AE2 309-311 A.D. GENIO AVGVSTI CMH Genius 1. M., III, p. 12, II. 3 1

Cyzicus 779 AE2 308-309 A.D. GENIO CAESARIS Same M., III, p. 96, I. 2 1 780 AE2 ,, VIRTVTI EXERCITVS. Mars advancing r. M., III, p. 98, IV. 2 1

Antioch 781 AE2 311-312 A.D. GENIO AVGVSTI Genius 1. M., III, p. 174, V. 1. 1

Uncertain 782 AE2 Same C., 17 1 783 AE3 CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter C., 9 1

LICINIUS I 307-328 A.D. (50) Rome

784 AE3 318-3817 A.D. SOLI INVICTO COMITI Sol i. M., I, p. 210, I. 2 1

Arles 785 AE3 317-820 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI AVG Jupiter on M., II, p. 160, VII 2

eagle r. 786 AE3 320-828 A.D. LICINI AVG around VOTIS XX M., II, p. 167, IX 1

Siscia 787 AE2 812-818 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG NN Jupiter 1. M., II, p. 317, I. 1 1 788 AE3 320-323 A.D. DN LICINI AVGVSTI Wreath with VOT XX M., II, p. 345, VIII 1

Thessalonica 789 AE2 808-311 A.D. GENIO AVGVSTI Genius 1. M., II, p. 423, III. 2; p. 425, I. 2 1

790 AE2 812-318 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG NN Jupiter 1. M., II, p. 431, I. 2 4

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 35

791 AE3 320-323 A.D. DN LIC LICINI AVGVSTI Wreath with M., II, p. 445, VI 1 VOT XX

Heraclea 792 AE2 812-818 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG Jupiter 1. M., II, p. 567, IV. 3 1 793 AE2 813-817 A.D. Same M., II, p. 568, I. 1; p. 579, IV. 1 1 794 AE3 817-320 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Camp gate M., II, p. 584, I. 2 1 795 AE8 820-828 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter 1. M., II, p. 590, I. 1 1

Nicomedia 796 AE2 318-814 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI Similar M., III, p. 27, I. 1 4

797* AE8 815-318 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG Similar M., III, p. 84, V. 1; p. 88, I. 1 3 798 AE8 318-828 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI Similar M., III, p. 44, I. 1 12

Cyzicus 799 AE2 318-317 A.D. Same. Similar M., III, p. 111, I. 1; p. 117, I. 1; 8

p. 118, I. 2

800 AE8 ,, Same M., III, p. 111, I. 1 1

801 AE 3 817-318 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG Similar M., III, p. 119, I. 1 2

Antioch 802 AE8 815-317 A.D. Same. Similar M., III, p. 187, II. 1 1

Alexandria 803 AE8 817-818 A.D. Same. Similar M., III, p. 268, I. 1 1

Uncertain 804 AE2 IOVI CONSERVATORI Similar C., 70 1

805 AE3 Same. Similar C., 74 (1). 86 (1) 2

806 AE8 IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG Similar C., 112 3 806a AE Uncertain type 1

LICINIUS 11 (14) Ticinum

807 AE3 320-823 A.D. DOMINORVM NOSTRORVM CAESS M., II, p. 272, V. 4 1 Wreath with VOT V

Arles 808 AE3 320-328 A.D. CAESARVM NOSTRORVM Same M., II, p. 166, V. 3 1

Siscia 809 AE3 820-823 A.D. Same M., II, p. 845, VI. 3 1

Heraclea 810* AE3 817-320 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate M., II, p. 584, II. 1 2

Nicomedia 811 AE3 3818-828 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter 1. M., III, p. 45, I. 3 3

Cyziczus 812 AE3 3817-318 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI CAESS Similar M., III, p. 120, II. 1 1

813 AE3 318-828 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI Similar M., III, p. 128, I. 4 2

Antioch 814" AE3 c. 817 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate C., 43 1

815 AE3 817-818 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI CAESS Jupiter 1. M., III, p. 193, II. 3 1

Uncertain 816 AE3 IOVI CONSERVATORI Similar C., 21 1

3*

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


CONSTANTINE 1 307-337 A.D. (527; 3 imit.) Rome

817 AE3 312-313 A.D. SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI Three standards M., I, p. 204, IV. 1 1

818* AE3 312-317 A.D. SOLI INVICTO COMITI Sol 1. M., I, p. 203, II. 1; p. 210, I. 1 15

819 AE3 320-324 A.D. DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG Wreath M., I, p. 226, IV. 1 2 with VOT XX

Aquileia 820 AE3 320-324 A.D. Same M., I, p. 322, III 2

821 AE3 ,, VIRTVS EXERCIT Standard between M., I, p. 322, IV. 1 1 captives

822 AE3 333-335 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Soldiers with two M., I, p. 333, III. 1 1 standards

Ticinum 823* AE3 313-317 A.D. SOLI INVICTO COMITI Sol 1. M., II, p. 249, I. 3 2 824 AE3 320-324 A.D. DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG Wreath M., II, p. 271, III. 1 1

with VOT XX 825 AE3 ,, VIRTVS EXERCIT Standard, captives M., II, p. 264, II. 1 1

Treves 826* AE3 320-324 A.D. VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP Two cf. M., I, p. 426f., I. 2 (1) and 2

Victories I. 5 (1)

London 827 AE3 313-317 A.D. SOLI INVICTO COMITI Sol 1. M., II, p. 39, I. 8 1

Lyons 828 AE3 313-317 A.D. Same M., II, p. 102, IV. 1 1 829* AE3 317-320 A.D. VICTORIAE LAET PRINC PERP Two cf. M., II, p. 108, I. 4 1

Victories 830* AE3 320-324 A.D. SARMATIA DEVICTA Victory advancing r. cf. M., II, p. 117, VI 1

Arles 831 AE3 317-324 A.D. VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP Two M., II, p. 161, X. 1; p. 165, I 2

Victories 832* AE3 320-324 A.D. SARMATIA DEVICTA Victory advancing r. cf. M., II, p. 167, X 1 833* AE3 335-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Soldiers with one cf. M., II, p. 194, II. 1 1

standard

Siscia 834 AE3 312-313 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG NN M., II, p. 317, I. 4 1

Jupiter 1.

835* AE3 317-324 A.D. VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP Two M., II, p. 336, V. 2 and 4; 4 Victories p. 344, II

836 AE3 324-826 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Camp gate M., II, p. 352, I 4 837 AE3 330-837 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 358, I. 1; p. 361, I. 1 1

838 AE3 335-337 A.D. Same. One standard M., II, p. 362, IV. 1 1 839* AE4 After 337 A.D. VN MR Pietas r. C., 716 1 840 AE4 ,, No legend. Quadriga r. C., 760 1

Thessalonica 841 AE2 812-813 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG NN M., II, p. 431, I. 5 1

Jupiter 1. 842 AE2 313-320 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI Same M., II, p. 433, II. 2; p. 486, I. 2 2 843 AE3 317-320 A.D. VICTORIA AVGG NN Victory advancing 1. M., II, p. 437, V. 2 1 844* AE3 320-324 A.D. DN CONSTANTINI AVG around VOT XX C., 119 1 845 AE3 ,, DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG Wreath M., II, p. 444, III 15

with VOT XX

846 AE8 ,, VIRTVS EXERCIT Standard, captives M., II, p. 448, X. 1 4

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 37

847 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Camp gate M., II, p. 461, I. 1 (5); p. 461, 6 I. 2 (1)

848 AE3 333-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 473, III. 1 and p. 475, I 8 (6); C., 255 (2)

849 AE3 335-337 A.D. Same. One standard M., II, p. 476, IV. 1 1

850* AE4 After 337 A.D. VN MR Pietas r. C., 716 4

851 AE4 ,, No legend. Quadriga r. C., 760 1

Heraclea 852 AE2 312-313 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG Jupiter 1. M., II, p. 567, IV. 2 2

853 AE3 324-326 A.D. DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG Wreath M., II, p. 596, II 4 with VOT XX

854 AE3 ,, Same. Wreath with VOT XXX M., II, pp. 598f., VIII. 1 (1) and 2 3 (1)

855 AE3 833-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 604, III. 1 and p. 606, 7

I. 1 (6); C., 255 (1) 856 AE3 3885-337 A.D. Same. One standard M., II, p. 607, II. 1 2

857 AE4 After 337 A.D. VN MR Pietas r. M., II, p. 608, II 2

858 AE4 ,, No legend. Quadriga r. M., II, p. 608, III 2

Constantinople 859 AE3 324-330 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Camp gate M., II, p. 492, I; p. 503, I. 1 1

860 AE3 326-330 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Roma seated 1. M., II, p. 505, V. 1 2

861 AE3 330-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 518, III. 1; p. 529, 23 III. 1; p. 533, I. 1


863 AE4 After 337 A.D. VN MR Pietas r. M., II, p. 548, II. 1 23

864 AE4 ,, No legend. Quadriga r. M., II, p. 548, I. 1 23

Nicomedia 865 AE3 315-318 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG Jupiter 1. M., III, p. 34, V. 2; p. 38, I. 2 1

866* AE3 317-324 A.D. VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP Two C., 635 1 Victories

867 AE3 324-326 A.D. DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG Wreath M., III, p. 56, VII 1 with VOT XXX

868 AE3 ,, PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Camp gate M., III, p. 53, I. 1 8

869* AE3 ,, PROVIDENTIA (sic) CAESS Same cf. C., 462 1

870* AE3 335-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., III, p. 73, I. 1 (16); 17 C., 255 (1)

871 AE3 ,, Same. One standard M., III, p. 74, IV. 1 8

872 AE4 After 337 A.D. VN MR Pietas r. M., III, p. 81, XV 13

873 AE4 ,, No legend. Quadriga r. M., III, p. 82, XVI 13

Cyzicus 874* AE2 c. 307 A.D. CONSERVATORES KART SVAE Woman C., 73 1

in temple 875 AE2 313-314 A.D. GENIO AVGVSTI Genius 1. M., III, p. 112, II. 2 1

876 AE2 313-317 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter 1. M., III, p. 112, I. 2; p. 118, I. 1 2

877 AE3 317-318 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG Similar M., III, p. 119, I. 2 1

878* AE3 320-324 A.D. DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG C., 123 2 Wreath with VOT XX

879 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Camp gate M., III, p. 126, I. 1 f. (6); 8 p. 127, I. 3 (2)

880 AE3 333-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., III, p. 133, III. 2 (1); p. 133, 11 III. 4 and p. 137, III. 1 (10)

881 AE3 335-337 A.D. Same. One standard M., III, p. 138, IV. 1 2

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


882 AE4 After 337 A.D. VN MR Pietas r. M., III, p. 141, II 21

883 AE4 ,, No legend. Quadriga r. M., III, p. 140, I 11

Antioch 884 AE3 315-317 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG Jupiter 1. M., III, p. 187, II. 2 3

885 AE3 ,, PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Camp gate M., III, p. 188, IV 1

886* AE3 317-324 A.D. VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP Two C., 640 2 Victories

887 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Camp gate M., III, p. 202, I. 1 (5); p. 202, 6 I. 2 (1)

888 AE3 333-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., III, p. 210, I. 1; p. 212, I 13

889 AE3 335-337 A.D. Same. One standard M., III, p. 212, II. 1 4


891 AE4 ,, No legend. Quadriga r. M., III, p. 217, I 2

Alexandria 892 AE3 c. 307 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter M., III, p. 232, XIII. 4 1

893* AE3 313-317 A.D. SOLI INVICTO COMITI Sol l. C., 546 2

894 AE3 335-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard M., III, p. 278, IV. 1 1


Uncertain 896 AE3 SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI Three standards C., 558 1

897 AE3 SOLI INVICTO COMITI Sol 1. C., 536 6

898 AE2 IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter 1. C., 283 2

899 AE3 Same C., 291 1

900 AE2 IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG Similar C., 297 1

901 AE3 Same C., 301 1

902 AE3 BEATA TRANQVILLITAS Altar C., 15 1

903 AE3 VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP Two C., 635 (2). 638 (1). 640 (1) 4 Victories

904 AE3 DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG Wreath C., 123 5 with VOT XX

905 AE3 Same. Wreath with VOT XXX cf. C., 129 1

906 AE3 VIRTVS EXERCIT Standard, captives C., 690 1

907 AE4 VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath C., 737 (1). 741 (1) 2

908 AE3 PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Camp gate C., 454 6

909 AE3 PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Same C., 462 1

910 AE3 GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards C., 254 4

911 AE3 Same. One standard C., 250 (8). C ? (5) 13

912 AE4 IVST VEN MEM Aequitas 1. C., 313 (4). 314 (2) 6 913 AE4 VN MR Pietas r. C., 716 71

914 AE4 No legend. Quadriga r. C., 760 28


915 AE Barbarous imitation of VICTORIAE 3 LAETAE PRINC PERP

FAUSTA (1) Cyzicus

916" AE3 324-326 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Empress and children C., 6 1

HELEN (17) Siscia

917 AE3 324-326 A.D. SECVRITAS REIPVBLICE Securitas 1. M., II, p. 353, III 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 39

Heraclea 918 AE3 324-326 A.D. Same M., II, p. 597, VI 1

Constantinople 919 AE4 335-337 A.D. PAX PVBLICA Pax 1. M., II, p. 535, VI 9

Cyzicus 920* AE4 335-337 A.D. Same C., 4 3

Uncertain 921 AE4 Same C., 4 3

THEODORA (1) Constantinople

922 AE4 335-337 A.D. PIETAS ROMANA Pietas r. M., II, p. 536, VII. 2 1

URBS ROMA (90) Rome

923* AE3 After 333 A.D. No legend. Wolf and twins M., I, p. 255, II 1

Treves 924 AE3 After 330 A.D. Same M., I, p. 479, II 1

Siscia 925 AE3 After 330 A.D. Same M., II, p. 359, III; p. 362, III 2

Thessalonica 926 AE3 After 333 A.D. Same M., II, p. 473, II; p. 475, III 15

Heraclea 927 AE3 After 333 A.D. Same M., II, p. 603, I; p. 605 4

Constantinople 928 AE3 After 330 A.D. Same M., II, p. 518, II; p. 528, I; 14

p. 534, II 929 AE3 335-340 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard M., II, p. 538, XII. 1 7

Nicomedia 930 AE3 After 335 A.D. No legend. Wolf and twins M., III, p. 74, III; p. 75, V 4

931* AE4 After 337 A.D. VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath C., 10 2

Cyzicus 932 AE3 After 333 A.D. No legend. Wolf and twins M., III, p. 132, I; p. 137, I 18

Antioch 933 AE3 After 333 A.D. Same M., III, p. 210, II; p. 213, III 2


935 AE3 GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard C., 1 4

936 AE4 VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath C., 10 5

CONSTANTINOPLE (74) Arles

937* AE3 After 330 A.D. No legend. Victory 1. M., II, p. 188, II; p. 190, II; 1 p. 195, III

Thessalonica 938 AE3 After 333 A.D. Same M., II, p. 472, I 5

939 AE4 After 335 A.D. Same M., II, p. 475, II 5

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


Heraclea 940 AE3 After 333 A.D. Same M., II, p. 603, II 6

941 AE3 335-340 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard M., II, p. 607, II. 7 3

942* AE3 After 337 A.D. VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath C., 20 1

Constantinople 943 AE3 After 330 A.D. No legend. Victory 1. M., II, p. 518, I. 1; p. 529, II. 1; 7

p. 534, III

944 AE3 335-340 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard M., II, p. 538, XII. 2 6

945* AE4 After 330 A.D. No legend. Wolf and twins C., 24 1

Nicomedia 946 AE3 After 335 A.D. No legend. Victory 1. M., III, p. 74, II 13

947 AE3 335-340 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard M., III, p. 75, IV. 8 1

Cyzicus 948 AE3 After 333 A.D. No legend. Victory 1. M., III, p. 133, II; p. 137, II 10

Antioch 949 AE3 After 333 A.D. Same M., III, p. 210, III 2

Alexandria 950 AE3 After 335 A.D. Same M., III, p. 277, III 1


952 AE3 GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard C., 4f. 4



POPULUS ROMANUS (1) Constantinople

954 AE4 After 335 A.D. Star in wreath M., II, p. 536, IX 1

CRISPUS (33) Rome

955 AE3 320-324 A.D. CAESARVM NOSTORVM Wreath with M., I, p. 233, XI. 1 1 VOT X

Aquileia 956 AE3 317-320 A.D. PRINCIPIA IWENTVTIS Prince 1. M., I, p. 318, III 1

Treves 957 AE3 320-324 A.D. BEATA TRANQVILLITAS Altar M., I, p. 431, V. 24 2

Arles 958 AE3 317-320 A.D. PRINCIPIA IVVENTVTIS Prince 1. M., II, p. 160, VIII 1

959* AE3 317-324 A.D. VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP Two C., 154; cf. M., II, p. 162, XII. 1 1 Victories

960 AE3 320-324 A.D. CAESARVM NOSTRORVM Wreath with M., II, p. 168, XI. 1 1

VOT X

Siscia 961 AE3 320-324 A.D. Same M., II, p. 348, XIII. 1 3

962 AE3 ,, VICT LAETAE PRINC PERP Two Victories M., II, p. 343, I. 7 1


Thessalonica 964* AE3 317-326 A.D. BEATA TRANQVILLITAS Altar C., 19 1

965 AE3 320-324 A.D. CAESARVM NOSTRORVM Wreath with M., II, p. 449, XI. 1 1 VOT X

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 41

966 AE3 320-324 A.D. Same. Wreath with VOT V M., II, p. 443, I. 1 1


Heraclea 968 AE3 317-320 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate M., II, p. 584, II. 2 2

969 AE3 324-326 A.D. DOMINOR NOSTROR CAESS Wreath M., II, p. 596, III. 1 1 with VOT X

Nicomedia 970 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate M., III, p. 54, II. 1 2

Cyzicus 971 AE3 324-326 A.D. Same M., III, p. 127, II. 1 (1); C., 2

116 (1)

Uncertain 972 AE3 IOVI CONSERVATORI CAESS Jupiter 1. C., 80 (1). 81 (1) 2

973* AE3 PRINCIPI IWENT Prince advancing r. cf. C., 87 1

974 AE3 PRINCIPIA IWENTVTIS Prince r. C., 110 1

975 AE3 CAESARVM NOSTRORVM Wreath with C., 30 1 VOT V

976 AE3 Same. Wreath with VOT X C., 46 1

977 AE3 VICT LAETAE PRINC PERP Two Victories C., 140 1


979 AE3 PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate C., 115 (1). 125 (1) 2

CONSTANTINE 11 337-340 A.D. (168) Rome

980 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate M., I, p. 238, II. 2 2

Aquileia 981 AE3 320-324 A.D. CAESARVM NOSTRORVM Wreath with M., I, p. 322, I. 5 1

VOT V

Treves 982 AE3 330-333 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., I, p. 481, III. 2 1

Lyons 983 AE3 317-320 A.D. VICTORIAE LAET PRINC PERP Two M., II, p. 108, I. 11 1

Victories

Siscia 984 AE3 317-320 A.D. VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP Same M., II, p. 337, V. 8 1

985 AE3 320-324 A.D. VICT LAETAE PRINC PERP Same M., II, p. 343, I. 8 1

986 AE3 ,, CAESARVM NOSTRORVM Wreath with M., II, p. 345, VI. 2 2 VOT V


988 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate M., II, p. 352, II. 2 1

989 AE3 330-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 358, I. 3; p. 362, I. 2 2


Thessalonica 991 AE3 320-324 A.D. CAESARVM NOSTRORVM Wreath with M., II, p. 443, I. 4 4

VOT V

992* AE3 ,, Same. Wreath with VOT X M., II, p. 449, XI. 2 3


994 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate M., II, p. 461, II. 2 3

995 AE3 333-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 473, III. 2; p. 475, I 2


© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


997* AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 244 (1). 246 (7) (under 8 Constantine I)

Heraclea 998 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate M., II, p. 597, V. 2 5

999 AE3 333-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 604, III. 2; p. 606, I. 2 7

1000 AE3 335-337 A.D. Same. One standard M., II, p. 607, II. 2 3

1001 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same. Two standards C., 253 (Constantine I) 1

1002 AE3 ,, Same. One standard C., 244 (Constantine I) 3

Constantinople 1003 AE3 324-330 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate M., II, p. 493, II. 2; p. 503, II. 1 1



1006 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 244 (5). 246 (1). 249 (8) (all 14 Constantine I)

Nicomedia 1007 AE3 317-318 A.D. IOVI CONSERVATORI CAESS Jupiter 1. M., III, p. 38, II. 2 1

1008 AE3 ,, PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Same M., III, p. 40, III. 6 1

1009 AE3 335-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., III, p. 74, I. 2 8


1011 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 246 (2). 249 (5) (Constantine I) 7

Cyzicus 1012 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate M., III, p. 127, II. 3 4

1013 AE3 333-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., III, p. 134, III. 5; p. 137, 10 III. 2


1015 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 246 (1). 249 (4) (Constantine I) 5

Antioch 1016 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate M., III, p. 202, II. 2 3


1018 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 253 (Constantine I) 1

Alexandria 1019 AE3 335-337 A.D. Same M., III, p. 276, I. 2 3

Uncertain 1020 AE3 IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter 1. C., 133 1

1021 AE3 BEATA TRANQVILLITAS Altar C., 16 1

1022 AE3 CAESARVM NOSTRORVM Wreath with C., 38 1 VOT X


1024 AE3 PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate C., 165 3


1026 AE3 Same C., 253 (Constantine I) 2

1027 AE3 Same. One standard C., 114 3

1028 AE3 Same C., 244 (2). 246 (3). 247 (1). 12 249 (6) (all Constantine I)

CONS TANTIUS 11 337-361 A.D. (1855; 3 imit.) Rome

1029" AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate M., I, p. 238, II. 3 1

1030 AE3 337-340 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard C., 99 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 43

1031 AE3 337-361 A.D. SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. C., 188 3

1032 AE4 340-348 A.D. VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories C., 293 2

1033 AE4 343-348 A.D. VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath C., 335 1

1034 AE2 348-353 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Soldier, fallen C., 44 2 horseman

1035 AE3 348-361 A.D. Same C., 45 (2). 47 (4) 6

Aquileia 1036 AE3 337-361 A.D. SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. C., 188 2

1037 AE3 ,, VICT AVG Victory advancing 1. C., 196 1


1039 AE3 348-361 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 45 (2). 47 (4) 6

Siscia 1040 AE3 330-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 358, I. 2; p. 362, I. 3 1




1044 AE3 348-361 A.D. Same C., 45 (3). 47 (6) 9

Sirmium 1045 AE3 8337-361 A.D. SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. C., 188 3

1046 AE2 348-353 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 46 1

1047 AE3 348-361 A.D. Same C., 45 (3). 47 (6) 9

Thessalonica 1048 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate M., II, p. 461, II. 3 1

1049 AE3 3383-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 473, III. 3; p. 475, I 6


1051 AE3 887-340 A.D. Same C., 94 1






1057 AE3 348-361 A.D. Same C., 45 (30). 47 (52) 82

1058 AE4 ,, Same C., 48 3

1059 AE3 ,, Same. Emperor 1. on ship C., 33 (4). 36 (6) 10

1060" AE3 ,, Same. Emperor 1., foot on captive cf. C., 38 1

Heraclea 1061 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate M., II, p. 597, V. 3 2

1062 AE3 3388-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 604, III. 3; p. 606, I. 3 6

1063 AE8 835-337 A.D. Same. One standard M., II, p. 607, II. 3 1

1064 AE3 33887-340 A.D. Same C., 95 (3). 96 (2). 99 (1). 102 (1). 8 103 (1)




1068 AE2 348-353 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Emperor 1., two C., 39 1 seated captives

1069 AE2 ,, Same. Fallen horseman C., 44 (3). 46 (2) 5

1070 AE3 348-361 A.D. Same C., 45 (15). 47 (13) 28

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


Constantinople 1071 AE3 326-330 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate M., II, p. 503, II. 2 1



1074 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 99 (2). 102 (19) 21



1077 AE4 340-348 A.D. VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN Two C., 293 1 Victories


1079 AE2 348-353 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Emperor driving C., 41 2 captives


1081 AE3 348-361 A.D. Same C., 45 (36). 47 (89) 125

Nicomedia 1082 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE CAES Camp gate M., III, p. 55, III. 4 3

1083 AE3 ,, PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Same M., III, p. 54, II. 4f. 3

1084 AE3 335-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., III, p. 74, I. 3 5


1086 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 95 (5). 98 (1). 99 (1). 100 (1). 19 102 (11)




1090 AE2 348-353 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Emperor driving C., 41 1 captives


1092 AE3 348-361 A.D. Same C., 45 (14). 47 (41) 55

1093 AE3 ,, Same. Emperor 1. on ship C., 33 1

1094 AE3 ,, Same. Phoenix C., 57 1

Cyzicus 1095 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate M., III, p. 128, II. 5 1

1096 AE3 333-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., III, p. 134, III. 8; p. 138, 13 III. 3


1098 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 98 (1). 99 (2). 100 (1). 101 (1). 17 10A2 (11)". 10 3 (1)



1101 AE3 ,, VICTORIA AVGG Same C., 209 1



1104 AE2 348-353 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Emperor 1., two C., 39 1 seated captives


1106 AE3 348-361 A.D. Same C., 45 (31). 47 (55) 86

1107 AE3 ,, Same. Phoenix C., 57 2

Antiochl 1108* AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate M., III, p. 202, II. 3 1


© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 45

1110 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same. One standard C., 95 (3). 98 (4). 99 (1) 8



1113 AE2 348-353 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 44 2

1114 AE3 348-361 A.D. Same C., 45 (13). 47 (25) 38

Alexandria 1115 AE3 335-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., III, p. 276, I. 3 1

1116 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same. One standard C., 97 (1). 99 (1) 2




Uncertain 1120 AE3 PROVIDENTIAE CAES or CAESS Camp gate cf. C., 167f. 3


1122 AE3 Same. One standard C., 92 (1). 95-103 (32) 33

1123 AE3 SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. C., 188 179

1124 AE3 VICT AVG Victory advancing 1. C., 196 5

1125 AE3 VICTORIA AVGG Same C., 209 1

1126 AE4 VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories C., 293 5


1128 AE2 FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 44. 46 16

1129 AE3 Same C., 45. 47 472

1130 AE3 Same. Emperor 1. on ship C., 33 1


1131 AE Barbarous imitation FEL TEMP REPARATIO 3 Fallen horseman

CONS TANS 1 337-350 A.D. (434) Rome

1132 AE3 337-340 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard C., 60 1

1133 AE4 337-350 A.D. SECVRITAS REIP Securitas facing C., 102 1


Aquileia 1135 AE3 337-340 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard C., 54 1


Arles 1137" AE3 337-340 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard cf. C., 62 (PLATE 2) 1


Siscia 1139 AE4 337-350 A.D. SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. C., 106 1

1140 AE3 340-348 A.D. VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories C., 176 (3). 179 (1) 4


Thessalonica 1142 AE3 333-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 473, III. 4; p. 475, I 1


1144 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 54 (6). 59 (1) 7



© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


1147 AE4 343-348 A.D. VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath C., 197 3 1148 AE2 348-350 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Emperor 1. on ship C., 11 1

1149 AE3 ,, Same C., 10 20

Heraclea 1150 AE3 337-340 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard C., 59 (2). 60 (1). 68 (1) 4


Constantinople 1152 AE3 333-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 529, III. 4; p. 533, I. 4 3

1153 AE3 335-337 A.D. Same. One standard C., 47 (2). 49 (2). 50 (1) 5

1154 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 54 (1). 59 (5). 60 (21) 27

1155 AE4 337-350 A.D. SECVRITAS REIP Securitas facing C., 102 1

1156 AE4 ,, SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. C., 106 1




1160 AE2 348-350 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Soldier dragging C., 18 2 captive r.

1161 AE3 ,, Same. Emperor 1. on ship C., 10 1

1162 AE3 ,, Same. Fallen horseman C., 16 7

Nicomedia 1163 AE3 335-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard M., III, p. 75, IV. 5 (4); C., 50 (2) 6

1164 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 54 (2). 58 (1). 59 (5). 60 (8) 16


Cyzicus 1166 AE3 383-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards M., III, p. 1834, III. 11; p. 138, 4

III. 4


1168 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 54 (3). 59 (9). 60 (12). 65 (1). 28

68 (3) 1169 AE3 340-348 A.D. VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories C., 176 (1). 179 (1) 2


1171 AE2 348-350 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Soldier dragging C., 18 1 captive r.

1172 AE2 ,, Same. Fallen horseman C., 15 1

1173 AE3 ,, Same C., 16 2

Antioch 1174 AE3 335-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard M., III, p. 218, II. 4 1

1175 AE3 348-348 A.D. VOT XV MVLT XX in wreath C., 196 2

1176 AE4 ,, VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath C., 197 5

Alexandria 1177 AE3 387-340 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard C., 53 (1). 59 (1). 67 (1) 3



Uncertain 1180 AE3 GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards C., 72 (1). 75 (1) 2

1181 AE3 Same. One standard C., 47 (1). 49 (1). 50 (1). 58 (1). 28 54 (4). 59 (5). 60 (11). 62 (1). 65 (1). ? (2)

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 47

1182 AE4 SECVRITAS REIP Securitas facing C., 102 1

1183 AE4 SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. C., 106 7

1184 AE3 VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories C., 176 (14). 179 (8) 22

1185 AE3 VOT XV MVLT XX in wreath C., 196 1 1186 AE4 VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath C., 197 62 1187 AE2 FEL TEMP REPARATIO Soldier dragging C., 18 1

captive r. 1188 AE2 Same. Emperor 1. on ship C., 11 1

1189 AE3 Same C., 10 2

1190 AE3 Same. Fallen horseman C., 16 9

1191 AE3 Same. Phoenix C., 22 1


DELMA TIUS (4) Constantinople

1192 AE3 335-337 A.D. GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard M., II, p. 535, IV. 5 1

Nicomedia 1193* AE3 335-337 A.D. Same cf. M., III, p. 75, IV. 6 1

Uncertain 1194 AE3 335-337 A.D. Same C., 6 1

1195 AE3 ,, Same. Two standards C., 11 1

VETRANJO 350 A.D. (1) Thessalonica

1196 AE2 350 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperorl. C., 1 1

MAGNENTIUS 350-3538 A.D. (2) Treves

1197* AE2 350-358 A.D. VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAES Two cf. C., 70 1 Victories

Uncertain 1197 a AE Uncertain type 1

CONSTANTIUS GALLUS (123) Rome

1198 AE3 851-354 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 9 1 Siscia

1199 AE8 851-354 A.D. Same C., 10 (1). 12 (1). 14 (1). 18 (1) 4

Sirmium

1200 AE3 351-854 A.D. Same C., 14 1

Thessalonica 1201 AE2 851-354 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor 1. C., 3 1 1202 AE3 ,, FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 12 (3). 14 (1). ? (1) 5

Heraclea 1203" AE3 351-354 A.D. Same C., 9 (2). 10 (1). 14 (1). 18 (2). 8

of. 16 (2)

Constantinople 1204 AE2 351-854 A.D. Same C., 8 (8). 11 (1) 4

1205 AE8 ,, Same C., 9 (6). 12 (4). 14 (1). 18 (2) 18

1206* AE3 ,, SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. of. C., 36 2

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


Nicomedia 1207 AE2 351-354 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 7 (1). 16 (1) 2

1208 AE3 ,, Same C., 9 (6). 10 (1). 18 (2). cf. 16 (1) 10

Cyzicus 1209 AE2 351-354 A.D. Same C., 8 (3). 11 (1) 4

1210 AE3 ,, Same C., 9 (2). 12 (4). 14 (2). 18 (2). 12 cf. 16 (2)

Alexandria 1211 AE3 351-354 A.D. Same C., 18 1

Uncertain 1212 AE2 CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor 1. C., 1 1

1213 AE2 FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 7 (1). 8 (5). 11 (2) 8

1214 AE3 Same C., 9 (12). 12 (8). 14 (5). 18 (5). 37 of. 16 (1). ? (6)

1215 AE3 SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. cf. C., 36 4


JULIAN 11 361-363 A.D. (283) Rome



Aquileia 1218 AE3 355-360 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 14 1

Lyons 1219* AE3 355-360 A.D. SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. cf. C., 47 1

1220 AE3 361-363 A.D. Same C., 50 1

Siscia 1221 AE3 355-360 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 14 2

1222 AE3 361-363 A.D. VOT X MVLT XX in wreath C., 151 1

Sirmium 1223 AE3 355-360 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 13 1

1224 AE3 ,, SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. C., 41 (1). 42 (2) 3

Thessalonica 1225 AE3 355-360 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 9 (1). 16 (1). 19 (8) 10

1226* AE3 ,, SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. C., 41 (1). 43 (1). 45 (5). 47 (1). 9 ? (1)

1227 AE1 861-363 A.D. SECVRITAS REIPVB Bull r. C., 38 2

1228 AE3 ,, VOT X MVLT XX in wreath C., 151 20

Hera lea 1229 AE3 355-360 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 10 1

1230 AE3 ,, SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. C., 45 (1). ? (1) 2

1231 AE3 361-363 A.D. VOT X MVLT XX in wreath C., 151 1

Constantinople 1232 AE3 355-860 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 14 (2). 16 (1). 18 (1). 19 (7) 11

1233 AE3 ,, SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. C., 42 (2). 43 (1). 45 (7). 47 (1). 15 ? (4)

1234 AE3 361-363 A.D. Same C., 48 (1). 51 (2) 3

1235 AE1 ,, SECVRITAS REIPVB Bull r. C., 38 2


© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 49

Nicomedia 1237* AE3 355-360 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 9 (2). 10 (1). 14 (1). 19 (1). 6

C. NOT (1)

1238* AE3 ,, SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. C., 41 (1). 43 (1). ? (2). C. NOT 5 (1) (PLATE 2)

1239 AE3 861-363 A.D. Same C., 50 2

1240 AE1 ,, SECVRITAS REIPVB Bull r. C., 38 1


Cyzicus 1242 AE3 355-360 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 13 (1). 14 (1). 15 (1). 16 (2). 10

19 (3). ? (2) 1243 AE3 ,, SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. C., 45 (1). 47 (3). ? (1) 5

1244 AE3 361-363 A.D. Same C., 51 5

1245 AE1 SECVRITAS REIPVB Bull r. C., 38 1


Antioch 1247 AE3 355-360 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 14 (1). 18 (1). 19 (2) 4

1248 AE3 ,, SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. C., 42 (1). 45 (1). ? (1) 3

1249 AE3 361-363 A.D. VOT X MVLT XX in wreath C., 150 (1). 151 (3) 4

Alexandria 1250 AE3 361-363 A.D. Same C., 151 3


Uncertain 1252* AE3 FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 9 (1). 10 (4). 14 (9). 16 (4). 54

18 (2). 19 (19). ? (13). C. NOT (2)

1253* AE3 SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. C., 41 (2). 42 (1). 43 (7). 44 (1). 64 45 (8). 47 (4). 48 (4). 50 (2). 51 (2). 2 (30). C. NOT (3)

1254 AE3 VICTORIA AVGG Victory advancing 1. C., 52 3

1255 AE3 VOT X MVLT XX in wreath C., 151 6


HOUSE OF CONSTANTINE (1419) Rome

FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman 1 SECVRITAS REIP Securitas facing 1 GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard 2 VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories 2 Same. One or two standards 1 VOT XV MVLT XX in wreath 1

Aquileia FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman 1 VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath 1

Siscia FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman 4 VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories 1 SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. 1 VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath 2

Sirmium FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman 2

Thessalonica FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman 17 SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. 9 GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard 4 VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories 3 Same. One or two standards 2 VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath 4 PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate 1

Heraclea FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman 5 SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. 1 GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard 2 VICT AVG or VICTORIA AVGG Same. One or two standards 2 Victory advancing 1. 1

VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath 5

4

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


Constantinople FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman 45 Same. One or two standards 3 Same. Emperor 1. on ship 1 SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. 17 GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards 2 VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories 1 Same. One standard 13 VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath 10

Nicomedia FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman 22 GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards 1 SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. 7 Same. One standard 4 VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories 2 Same. One or two standards 2 VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath 11

Cyzicus FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman 21 Same. One or two standards 1 GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards 1 SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. 13 Same. One standard 7 VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath 14

Antioch FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman 7 VICT AVG or VICTORIA AVGG 1 GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard 1 Victory advancing 1. SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. 2 VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath 6

Alexandria

FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman 1 SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. 1 GLORIA EXERCITVS One standard 1 VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath 1

Uncertain CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor 1. 1 SPES REIPVBLICE Emperor 1. 319 FEL TEMP REPARATIO Fallen horseman 517 VICT AVG or VICTORIA AVGG 4 Same. Emperor 1. on ship 2 Victory advancing 1. GLORIA EXERCITVS Two standards 8 VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories 14 Same. One standard 62 VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP Two Victories 1 Same. One or two standards 22 VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath 146 PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate 2 Uncertain type 26

JOVIAN 8638-364 A.D. (13) Thessalonica

1256 AE1 363-364 A.D. VICTORIA ROMANORVM Emperor r. C., 23 1

Heraclea 1257 AE3 363-364 A.D. VOT V in wreath C., 31 (1). 32 (1) 2

1258 AE3 ,, VOT V MVLT X in wreath C., 34 2

Constantinople 1259 AE3 363-364 A.D. VOT V in wreath C., 32 1

Cyzicus 1260* AE3 868-864 A.D. VOT V MVLT X in wreath C., 35 1

Antioch 1261 AE3 863-364 A.D. VOT V in wreath C., 31 2

Uncertain 1262 AE3 Same C., 81 (1). 32 (1) 2

1263 AE3 VOT V MVLT X in wreath C., 35 1


VALENTINIAN 1 864-375 A.D. (224; 1 imit.) Rome

1264 AE3 364-867 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor RIC, IX, p. 119, 15a 1 dragging captive r.

1265 AE3 364-375 A.D. SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory RIG, IX, pp. 120f., 17a. 24a 3 advancing 1.

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 51

Aquileia 1266 AE8 364-867 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 95, 9a 1

1267 AE3 364-375 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, pp. 95f., 7a. 11a 2

Siscia 1268* AE8 864-367 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 146, 5a 2

1269 AE3 ,, SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory RIC, IX, p. 146, 7a 2

1270 AE3 867-875 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 147, 15 a 2

1271* AE8 ,, GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 147, 14a 2

Thessalonica 1272 AE3 864-867 A.D. RESTITVTOR REIP Emperor r. RIC, IX, p. 176, 17a 1

1273 AE3 ,, GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 176, 16a 13


1275 AE8 367-375 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 178, 27 a 9


Heraclea 1277 AE8 864-367 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 191, 3a 2

Constantinople 1278 AE1 8 364-367 A.D. RESTITVTOR REIPVBLICAE Emperor r. RIC, IX, p. 214, 15 1

1279 AE3 ,, RESTITVTOR REIP Same RIC, IX, p. 215, 20a 4



1282 AE3 367-375 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 221, 42a 1

Nicomedia 1283 AE3 364-867 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 252, 12a 4


Cyzicus 1285 AE3 864-867 A.D. RESTITVTOR REIP Emperor 1. RIC, IX, p. 240, 10a 1

1286 AE8 864-875 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, pp. 240f., 8a. 12a 7

1287 AE3 ,, SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory RIC, IX, p. 241, 11a. 13a 10

Antioch 1288 AE3 364-867 A.D. RESTITVTOR REIP Emperor 1. RIC, IX, p. 274, 11 a 1

1289 AE3 864-375 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 274, 10a; p. 281, 35a 7

1290 AE3 ,, SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory RIC, IX, p. 275, 12a; p. 281, 86a 4

Alexandria 1291 AE3 864-367 A.D. RESTITVTOR REIP Emperor 1. RIC, IX, p. 298, 2a 1

1292 AE3 864-375 A.D. SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory RIC, IX, pp. 298f., 3a. 5a 3

Uncertain 1293 AE3 RESTITVTOR REIP Emperor 1. C., 21 2

1294 AE3 GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive C., 12 36

1295 AE3 SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory C., 87 43 1295a AE Uncertain type 1

1296 AE Barbarous imitation of SECVRITAS 1 REIPVBLICAE

VALENS 864-378 A.D. (521) Rome

1297* AE3 364-367 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 119, 15b 1

1298 AE3 364-378 A.D. SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory RIC, IX, pp. 120-122, 17b. 6 24b. 28b

4*

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


Treves 1299* AE3 367-375 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 20, 32b 1

Arles 1300 AE3 375-378 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 66, 18a 1

Siscia 1301* AE3 364-367 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 146, 5b 4

1302 AE3 ,, SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory RIC, IX, p. 146, 7b 2

1303 AE3 367-375 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 147, 15b 9

1304 AE3 ,, GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 147, 14b 1

Thessalonica 1305 AE3 364-367 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 176, 16b 33

1306 AE3 ,, SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory RIC, IX, p. 176, 18b 62

1307 AE3 3867-375 A.D. Same RIG, IX, p. 178, 27b 15


Heraclea 1309 AE3 364-367 A.D. Same RIC, IX, pp. 191f., 3b-c 4

1310 AE3 ,, SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory RIC, IX, p. 192, 5b-c 1

Constantinople 1311* Arg. 864-367 A.D. VOT V in wreath cf. RIC, IX, p. 211, 11 h-i 1

(PI.) 1312 AE3 364-367 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 214, 16b-c 25


1314 AE3 367-375 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 221, 42b 7


Nicomedia 1316 AE3 364-367 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 252, 9b-c 10

1317 AE3 ,, RESTITVTOR REIP Emperor r. RIC, IX, p. 252, 11b 1


Cyzicus 1319 AE3 364-367 A.D. RESTITVTOR REIP Emperor r. RIC, IX, p. 241, 10b 1

1320 AE3 364-375 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, pp. 240f., 8b. 12b 17

1321 AE3 ,, SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory RIC, IX, p. 241, 11 b. 13b 27

Antioch 1322 AE3 364-367 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 275, 12b 6 1323 AE3 364-375 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 274, 10b-c; p. 281, 7

35b

Alexandria

1324 AE3 364-375 A.D. Same RIG, IX, pp. 298f., 1 b. 4b 1 1325 AE3 ,, SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory RIC, IX, pp. 298f., 3b. 5b 1

Uncertain 1326 AE3 RESTITVTOR REIP Emperor r. C., 29 3


1328 AE3 SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory C., 47 111


PRO COPIUS 365-366 A.D. (5) Constantinople

1329 AE3 365-366 A.D. REPARATIO FEL TEMP Emperor r. RIC, IX, p. 215, 18 1

1330" AE4 ,, No legend. Cross in wreath Pearce, p. 78, 150 3

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 53

Cyzicus 1331 AE3 365-366 A.D. REPARATIO FEL TEMP Emperor r. RIC, IX, p. 240, 9 1

GRATIAN 367-383 A.D. (165) Rome

1332 AE3 367-375 A.D. SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory RIG, IX, p. 121, 24c 2

1333 AE2 378-383 A.D. REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor raising RIC, IX, p. 125, 43a 8 woman

Aquileia 1334* Sil. 378-383 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Roma seated RIC NOT (PLATE 2) 1

(P1.) 1335 AE2 ,, REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 100, 30a 5

1336 AE3 ,, CONCORDIA AVGGG Roma seated RIC, IX, p. 101, 32a 1

1337 AE4 ,, VOT XV MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 102, 38a 1

Arles 1338 AE2 378-383 A.D. REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman RIG, IX, p. 67, 20a 1

Siscia 1339 AE3 367-375 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIG, IX, p. 147, 14c-d 2

1340 AE3 ,, SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory RIC, IX, p. 147, 15c 1

1341 AE2 378-383 A.D. REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 150, 26a 4 1342 AE4 ,, VOT XV MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 152, 31a 1

Thessalonica 1343 AE3 367-375 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 178, 26c 8


1345 AE2 378-383 A.D. REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 181, 37a 27

1346 AE3 ,, VIRTVS ROMANORVM Roma seated RIC, IX, p. 182, 42 1

1347 AE4 ,, -VOT XV MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 182, 43 5

Heraclea 1348 AE4 378-383 A.D. VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 196, 18a 1

1349 AE4 ,, VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 196, 20a 6

Constantinople 1350 AE3 367-375 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 220, 41 c 7

1351 AE3 ,, SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory RIGC, IX, p. 221, 42c 3

1352 AE4 378-383 A.D. VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 229, 64a 2

Nicomedia 1353 AE2 378-383 A.D. REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 257, 27a 4

1354 AE3 ,, CONCORDIA AVGGG Roma seated RIC, IX, p. 258, 30a 1

1355 AE4 ,, VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 259, 37 a 2

1356 AE4 ,, VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 259, 39a 4

Cyzicus 1357 AE3 367-375 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 241, 12c 1


1359 AE4 378-383 A.D. VOT X MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 244, 21a 3

1360 AE4 ,, VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath RIGC, IX, p. 244, 22a 9

Antioch 1361 AE3 367-375 A.D. SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory RIC, IX, p. 281, 36c 1


© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


Alexandria 1363 AE2 378-383 A.D. REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 300, 8a 1

Uncertain 1364 AE3 GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive C., 23 10

1365 AE3 SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory C., 34 13 1366 AE2 REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman C., 30 8

1367 AE3 CONCORDIA AVGGG Roma seated C., 3 1 1368 AE4 VOT V in wreath C., 64 2

1369 AE4 VOT XV MVLT XX in wreath C., 75 4 1370 AE4 VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath C., 77 4


VALENTINIAN II 375-392 A.D. (514) Rome

1371 AE2 378-383 A.D. REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 126, 43b-c 5 1372 AE3 ,, VICTORIA AVGGG , Victory advancing 1. RIC, IX, p. 127, 48b 1 1373 AE4 383-388 A.D. Same. Two Victories RIC, IX, p. 130, 57a-b 13

Aquileia 1374 AE2 378-383 A.D. REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 100, 30b-c 2 1375 AE4 383-388 A.D. VICTORIA AVGGG Two Victories RIC, IX, p. 104, 47a 2

1376 AE4 388-392 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory dragging RIC, IX, p. 106, 58a 1 cap tive 1.

Siscia 1377 AE2 378-383 A.D. REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 150, 26b 3

1378 AE4 ,, VOT V MVLT X in wreath RIC, IX, p. 151, 29b 1

1379 AE4 384-387 A.D. VICTORIA AVGGG Victory 1. RIC, IX, p. 155, 39a 4

Thessalonica 1380 AE2 378-383 A.D. REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 181, 37b-c 16

1381 AE3 ,, VICTORIA AVGGG Victory 1. RIC, IX, p. 182, 41 1


1383 AE3 384-388 A.D. VIRTVS AVGGG Emperor 1. on ship RIC, IX, p. 186, 61a 48

1384 AE3 ,, GLORIA REIPVBLICE Camp gate RIC, IX, p. 186, 59a 21

1385 AE4 ,, Same RIC, IX, p. 186, 62a 29

1386 AE4 ,, VICTORIA AVG Two Victories RIC, IX, p. 187, 63a 12

1387 AE4 388-392 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, p. 188, 65a 31

Heraclea 1388 AE4 378-383 A.D. VOT X MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 196, 19b 8 1389 AE4 388-392 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, p. 198, 26a 7

Constantinople 1390 AE2 378-383 A.D. REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 226, 54b 2

1391 AE4 ,, VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 229, 62a 1

1392 AE4 ,, VOT V MVLT X in wreath RIC, IX, p. 228, 59a 1

1393 AE4 ,, VOT X MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 229, 63a 10

1394" AE4 383-388 A.D. VICTORIA AVGGG Two Victories RIC NOT 1


Nicomedia 1396 AE2 378-383 A.D. REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 257, 27b 2

1397 AE4 ,, VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 259, 37b 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 55



Cyzicus 1400 AE4 378-383 A.D. VOT X MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 244, 21 b 14

1401 AE4 ,, VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 244, 22b 1


Antioch 1403 AE2 378-383 A.D. REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 284, 42c 1

1404 AE4 378-388 A.D. VOT X MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 289, 56b; p. 292, 65a 1


Alexandria 1406 AE2 378-383 A.D. REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 300, 8b 1

1407 AE4 378-388 A.D. VOT X MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, pp. 301f., 13b. 19a 2

1408 AE4 ,, VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 301, 14 1


Uncertain 1410 AE2 REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman C., 26. 28 13

1411 AE4 VICTORIA AVGGG Victory 1. C., 46 3



1414 AE4 VICTORIA AVGGG Two Victories C. NOT 2

1415 AE4 SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive C., 30 86


THEODOSIUS 1 379-395 A.D. (1055) Rome

1416 AE2 379-383 A.D. REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman RIGC, IX, p. 126, 43d 4

1417 AE4 ,, VOT XV MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 128, 51 d 1

1418 AE4 383-387 A.D. VICTORIA AVGGG Two Victories RIC, IX, p. 131, 57c 13

1419 AE4 388-395 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, p. 133, 64b; p. 136, 69 3

Aquileia 1420 AE4 379-383 A.D. VOT V MVLT X in wreath RIC, IX, p. 102, 36d 1

1421 AE2 379-388 A.D. REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 100, 30d; p. 103, 42b 4

1422 AE3 383-388 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 104, 45b 2

1423 AE4 ,, VICTORIA AVGGG Two Victories RIC, IX, p. 104, 47b 3

1424 AE4 388-393 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, p. 106, 58b 5

Siscia 1425 AE3 379-383 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Roma seated RIC, IX, p. 151, 27d 1

1426 AE4 ,, VOT V MVLT X in wreath RIC, IX, p. 152, 29d 2

1427 AE4 379-387 A.D. VOT X MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 152, 30b; p. 154, 37b 4


1429 AE4 ,, VICTORIA AVGGG Victory 1. RIC, IX, p. 155, 39b 1

1430" AE4 388 A.D. and SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC NOT 1

(?)later

Thessalonica 1431 AE2 379-383 A.D. REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 181, 37d 6

1432 AE3 ,, CONCORDIA AVGGG Constantinople RIC, IX, p. 182, 38 1 seated

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


1433 AE4 383-384 A.D. VOT X MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 184, 49b 4


1435 AE3 ,, VIRTVS AVGGG Emperor on ship RIC, IX, p. 186, 61b 133

1436 AE3 ,, GLORIA REIPVBLICE Camp gate RIC, IX, p. 186, 59b 29 1437 AE4 ,, Same RIC, IX, p. 187, 62b 34

1438 AE4 ,, VICTORIA AVG Two Victories RIC, IX, p. 187, 63b 50 1439 AE4 388-393 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, p. 188, 65b 32

Heraclea 1440 AE4 379-383 A.D. VOT X MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 196, 19c 7 1441 AE2 383-388 A.D. VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor r., foot on RIC, IX, p. 197, 24b 1

captive 1442 AE4 388-392 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, p. 198, 26b 13

Constantinople 1443 AE2 379-383 A.D. REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 226, 54c 1 1444* AE4 ,, VOT V in wreath RIC NOT 1 1445 AE4 ,, VOT V MVLT X in wreath RIC, IX, p. 228, 59b 1 1446 AE4 ,, VOT X MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 229, 63b 15 1447 AE4 ,, VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 229, 64b 2 1448* AE3 383-388 A.D. VIRTVS AVGGG Emperor on ship RIC NOT 1 1449 AE4 388-395 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, p. 234, 86b; p. 236, 90a 104 1450 AE3 392-395 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor on RIC, IX, p. 236, 89a 1

horseback

Nicomedia 1451 AE4 379-383 A.D. VOT X MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 259, 38b 13 1452 AE2 379-388 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor on ship RIC, IX, p. 257, 25c; p. 260, 40b 2 1453 AE4 388-395 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, pp. 262f., 45b. 48a 31

Cyzicus 1454 AE4 379-383 A.D. VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 244, 20c 1 1455 AE4 ,, VOT X MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 244, 21 c 43 1456 AE4 ,, VOT XV MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 244, 19 1 1457 AE4 ,, VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 244, 22c 9 1458 AE2 379-388 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor on ship RIC, IX, p. 242, 14c; p. 245, 23 1 1459 AE4 388-395 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, pp. 246f., 26b. 30a 100 1460 AE3 392-395 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor on RIC, IX, p. 247, 29a 1

horseback

Antioch 1461 AE2 379-383 A.D. REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 284, 42d 1 1462 AE4 379-388 A.D. VOTX MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 289, 560; p. 292, 65b 4 1463 AE4 383-395 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, p. 293, 67b; p. 295, 70a 13

Alexandria 1464 AE4 379-388 A.D. VOT X MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, pp. 301f., 13c. 19b 4 1465 AE4 388-395 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, pp. 303f., 20b. 23a 7 1466 AE3 392-395 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor on RIC, IX, p. 304, 22a 1

horseback

Uncertain 1467 AE2 REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman C., 27 3 1468 AE3 CONCORDIA AVGGG Constantinople seated C., 6 2 1469 AE3 Same. Roma seated C., 14 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 57

1470 AE4 VOT V MVLT X in wreath C., 65 5


1472 AE4 VOT XV MVLT XX in wreath C. NOT 1

1473 AE4 VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath C. NOT 5

1474 AE4 VOT? MVLT? in wreath 8


1476 AE3 VIRTVS AVGGG Emperor on ship C., 51 12

1477 AE4 VICTORIA AVGGG Victory 1. C., 41 2

1478 AE4 Same. Two Victories C., 43 6

1479 AE4 VICTORIA AVG or AVGGG Same 7



THEODOSIUS I or 11 (12) Uncertain

1481 AE Uncertain type 12

FLACCILLA (13) Constantinople

1482 AE4 383 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory seated r. RIC, IX, p. 229, 61 2

Heraclea 1483 AE4 383 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 196, 17 3

1484 AE2 383-388 A.D. Same. Empress facing RIC, IX, p. 197, 25 1

Nicomedia 1485 AE4 383 A.D. Same. Victory seated r. RIC, IX, p. 259, 36 4

Antioch 1486 AE4 383-388 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 289, 54; p. 291, 64 2


MAXIMUS 384-388 A.D. (5) Aquileia

1488 AE4 387-388 A.D. SPES ROMANORVM Camp gate RIC, IX, p. 105, 55a 1

Lyons 1489 AE4 384-388 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 50, 36a 1

Arles 1490 AE4 384-388 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 69, 29a 1


VICTOR 384-388 A.D. (4) Aquileia

1492 AE4 387-388 A.D. SPES ROMANORVM Camp gate RIC, IX, p. 105, 55b 2


EUGENIUS 392-394 A.D. (4) Rome

1494 AE4 393-394 A.D. SPES ROMANORVM Victory advancing 1. RIC, IX, p. 134, 65b 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


Aquileia 1495 AE4 393-394 A.D. Same RIGC, IX, p. 107, 59 1


1497* AE4 SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive C., 3 1

ARCADIUS 383-408 A.D. (1012) Rome

1498* AE4 383-387 A.D. VICTORIA AVGGG Two Victories RIC, IX, p. 131, 57 d-e 6

1499 AE4 388-400 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, p. 133, 64c; p. 136, 69 3

1500 AE3 394-395 A.D. VRBS ROMA FELIX Roma r. RIC, IX, p. 135, 67c 1

Aquileia 1501 AE3 383-387 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 104, 45c 1

1502 AE4 388-400 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, p. 106, 58c 1

Siscia 1503 AE4 384-387A.D. VICTORIA AVGGG Victory 1. RIC, IX, p. 155, 39 c-d 2

1504* AE4 388 A.D. and SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC NOT 1 (?) later

Thessalonica 1505 AE4 383 A.D. VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 184, 48b 1

1506* AE4 ,, VOT X MVLT XX in wreath RIC NOT 1

1507 AE3 384-388 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 186, 60c 3

1508 AE3 ,, VIRTVS AVGGG Emperor on ship RIC, IX, p. 186, 61 c 65

1509 AE3 ,, GLORIA REIPVBLICE Camp gate RIC, IX, p. 186, 59c 20

1510 AE4 ,, Same RIC, IX, p. 187, 62c 32

1511 AE4 ,, VICTORIA AVG Two Victories RIC, IX, p. 187, 63c 22

1512 AE4 388-400 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, p. 188, 65 c 29

Heraclea 1513 AE4 383 A.D. VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 196, 18b 5

1514 AE4 388-400 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, p. 198, 26c 10

1515 AE3 395-400 A.D. VIRTVS EXERCITI Victory crowning emperor Pearce, p. 81, 19 1

1516 AE4 400-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath Pearce, p. 81, 20 5

Constantinople 1517 AE3 383 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Constantinople seated RIG, IX, p. 228, 57f. 1

1518 AE4 ,, VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 229, 62b 11

1519 AE4 388-400 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, p. 234, 86c; p. 236, 90b 125

1520 AE3 395-400 A.D. VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor, Victory Pearce, p. 78, 137 8

1521 AE3 395-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGG Roma seated Pearce, p. 76, 126 2

1522 AE4 ,, CONCORDIA AVG Cross in wreath Pearce, p. 78, 138 15 1523 AE4 ,, CONCORDIA AVG or AVGGG Same 1

1524 AE4 400-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Same Pearce, p. 78, 139a 6

Nicomedia 1525 AE4 383 A.D. VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 259, 37c 3

1526 AE4 888-400 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIGC, IX, pp. 262f., 45c. 48b 32



1529 AE4 ,, GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors Pearce, p. 88, 39 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 59

Cyzicus 1530 AE4 383 A.D. VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 244, 20d 29

1531 AE4 ,, VOT X MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 244, 21 d 3

1532 AE4 388-400 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, pp. 246f., 26c. 30b 51


1534 AE3 395-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGG Roma seated Pearce, p. 82, 11 4

1535 AE4 ,, GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors Pearce, p. 84, 25 1 with shields

1536 AE4 400-408 A.D. Same. Three emperors Pearce, p. 84, 27 8

1537 AE4 ,, CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath Pearce, p. 83, 24 21

Antioch 1538 AE4 383 A.D. VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 289, 55 1

1539 AE4 ,, VOT X MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 289, 56d 15

1540 AE4 ,, VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 289, 58c 2

1541 AE4 388-400 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, p. 293, 67d; p. 295, 70b 11



Alexandria 1544 AE4 383 A.D. VOT X MVLT XX in wreath RIC, IX, pp. 301f., 13d. 19c-d 2

1545 AE4 388-400 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, pp. 303f., 20c. 23b 6

1546 AE4 895-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVG Cross in wreath Pearce, p. 98, 20 7

1547 AE4 400-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Same Pearce, p. 98, 21 2

Uncertain 1548 AE4 VOT V in wreath Sab., 47 23

1549 AE4 VOT X MVLT XX in wreath Sab., 48 18

1550 AE3 GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive Sab., 36 1

1551 AE4 VICTORIA AVGGG Victory 1. Sab. NOT 3

1552 AE4 Same. Two Victories Sab. NOT 4

1553* AE4 SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive Sab., 41 266

1554 AE2 GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor with globe Sab., 35 or 37 2

1555 AE3 VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor, Victory Sab., II, p. 341 7

1556 AE3 CONCORDIA AVGG Roma seated cf. Sab., 31 4

1557 AE4 CONCORDIA AVG Cross in wreath Sab. NOT 3

1558 AE4 CONCORDIA AVG or AVGGG Same 16

1559 AE4 GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors Sab. NOT 4 with shields

1560 AE4 Same. Three emperors Sab., 38 6

1561 AE4 CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath Sab., 32 21


ARCADIUS or HONORIUS (21; 2 imit.) Constantinople

1562 AE3 395-400 A.D. VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor, Victory 1

Nicomedia 1563 AE3 395-400 A.D. Same 1

Antioch 1564 AE3 895-400 A.D. Same 2

1565 AE4 400-408 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors 2 1566 AE4 ,, CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


Alexandria 1567 AE4 400-408 A. D. Same 1

Uncertain 1568 AE3 VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor, Victory 13

1569 AE Barbarous imitation of VIRTVS EXERCITI 2

EUDOXIA (6) Constantinople

1570 AE4 895-404 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory seated Pearce, p. 78, 144 3

Cyzicus 1571 AE4 395-404 A.D. Same Pearce, p. 84, 29 1

Uncertain 1572 AE3 GLORIA ROMANORVM Empress seated Sab., 5 2

HONORIUS 393-423 A.D. (304) Rome

1573 AE4 393-400 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, pp. 133f., 64d-e; 2 p. 136, 69

1574 AE4 395-400 A.D. VICTORIA AVGG Victory 1. Pearce, p. 24, 83; p. 57, 83 6

1575 AE3 395-408 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, two Pearce, p. 22, 70 2 captives

1576 AE3 ,, Same. Emperor with shield Pearce, p. 57, 70a 1

Aquileia 1577 AE4 393-400 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, p. 107, 58d 1

Thessalonica 1578 AE4 395-408 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors Pearce, p. 41, 41 5

with shields

Heraclea 1579 AE4 395-408 A.D. Same Pearce, p. 81, 21 7

1580* AE4 400-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath Pearce NOT 2

1581* AE4 408-423 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors Pearce NOT 2 with globe

Constantinople 1582 AE4 393-400 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, p. 236, 90c 14


1584 AE4 395-408 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors Pearce, p. 78, 141 9 with shields

1585 AE4 400-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath Pearce, p. 78, 139a 1


1587 AE4 408-423 A.D. Same. Two emperors with globe Pearce, p. 78, 140 13

Nicomedia 1588 AE4 393-400 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, p. 263, 48c 1







© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 61

Cyzicus 1594 AE4 393-400 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, p. 247, 300 7







Antioch 1600 AE3 393-395 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor on RIC, IX, p. 295, 69e 1

horseback

1601 AE4 393-400 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, p. 295, 70e 2

1602 AE4 400-408 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors Pearce, p. 96, 57 8

Alexandria 1603 AE4 393-400 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive RIC, IX, p. 304, 23c 1

1604 AE4 395-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVG Cross in wreath Pearce, p. 98, 20 5

1605 AE4 ,, CONCORDIA AVG or AVGGG Same 1


Uncertain 1607* AE4 VOT V in wreath C. NOT (PLATE 2) 1

1608 AE3 GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor on C., 23 1 horseback

1609 AE3 Same. Emperor with standard, globe C., 21 1


1611 AE3 VIRTVS EXERCITI Emperor, Victory C., 56 9

1612 AE3 GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor with C. NOT 1 shield

1613 AE3 Same. Emperor, two captives C., 24 2

1614 AE4 Same. Two emperors with shields C., 26 16

1615 AE3 CONCORDIA AVGG Roma seated C., 4 1

1616 AE4 VICTORIA AVGG or AVGGG Victory 1. cf. C., 39 7

1617 AE4 CONCORDIA AVG or AVGGG Cross 2

1618 AE4 CONCORDIA AVGGG Same C. NOT 6

1619 AE4 GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors C., 28 10

1620 AE4 Same. Two emperors with globe C., 27 31

1621 AE4 SPES ROMANORVM Cross C., 33 2


THEODOSIUS II 400-450 A.D. (334) Thessalonica


1623* AE4 425-450 A.D. No legend. Cross in wreath Pearce NOT 10

Heraclea 1624" AE4 400-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath Pearce NOT 1

Constantinople 1625 AE4 400-408 A.D. Same Pearce, p. 78, 189a 4

1626 AE3 ,, GLOR ORVIS TERRAR Emperor with Pearce, p. 76, 127 2 standard and globe

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.



1628 AE4 ,, Same. Two emperors with shields Pearce, p. 78, 141 4


1630* AE4 425-450 A.D. No legend. Cross in wreath Pearce NOT 45

1631 AE4 ,, Same. Monogram in wreath Pearce, p. 78, 151 1

1632 AE4 ,, VT XXX V in wreath Pearce, p. 78, 149 8

Nicomedia 1633 AE4 400-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath Pearce, p. 88, 36 6

1634* AE4 408-450 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors Pearce NOT 1 with globe

1635 AE4 425-450 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGG Victory with wreaths cf. Pearce, p. 88, 36a 2

1636* AE4 ,, No legend. Cross in wreath Pearce NOT 8

Cyzicus 1637 AE4 400-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath cf. Pearce, p. 83, 24 7


1639 AE4 425-450 A.D. No legend. Cross in wreath Pearce, p. 84, 34 20

Antioch 1640 AE4 400-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath Pearce NOT 3

1641* AE4 ,, GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors Pearce NOT 4

Uncertain 1642 AE4 Same Sab., 29 6

1643 AE4 CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath Sab., 26 35

1644 AE4 GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors Sab., 28 12 with shields

1645 AE4 Same. Two emperors with globe Sab. NOT 2

1646 AE4 CONCORDIA AVGG Victory with Sab. NOT 5 wreaths

1647 AE4 VICTORIA AVGG Same Sab., 30 2

1648 AE4 No legend. Cross in wreath Sab., 32f. 112

1649 AE4 VT XXX V in wreath Sab., 31 10


EUDOCIA (2) Uncertain

1650 AE4 421-450 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory seated Sab., 6 2

PLACIDIA (1) Uncertain

1651 AE4 421-450 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAE Cross C., 111

JOHANNES 423-425 A.D. (1) Rome

1652 AE4 423-425 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICE Victory, captive Pearce Add., p. 107, 78 1

VALENTINIAN 111 425-455 A.D. (9) Rome

1653" AE4 425-455 A.D. VOT XX in wreath of. Pearce Add., p. 108 1 (PLATE 2)

1654 AE4 ,, VICTORIA AVGG Two Victories C., 15f. 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 63

Thessalonica 1655 AE4 425-455 A.D. Same C., 16 1

Cyzicus 1656 AE4 425-455 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGG Victory with wreaths Pearce Add., p. 4, before 24 1

1657* AE4 ,, No legend. Cross in wreath Pearce NOT; C. NOT 1

Uncertain 1658 AE4 GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors cf. Pearce, p. 78, 140 2

with globe 1659 AE4 SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory with trophy cf. C., 5 ("wreath") 1

dragging captive 1.

1660 AE4 VICTORIA AVGG Two Victories C., 15f. 1

MARCIAN 450-457 A.D. (107) Ravenna

1661 AE4 450-457 A.D. Monogram in wreath Sab., 11 1

Thessalonica 1662 AE4 450-457 A.D. Same Sab., 11 7

Heraclea 1663* AE4 450-457 A.D. Same Sab., 11 2

Constantinople 1664 AE4 450-457 A.D. Same Sab., 11 29

Nicomedia 1665 AE4 450-457 A.D. Same Sab., 11 12

Antioch 1666* AE4 450-457 A.D. Same Sab., 11 1

Uncertain 1667 AE4 Same Sab., 11 (54). 12 (1) 55

LEO I 457-474 A.D. (152) Constantinople

1668 AE4 457-474 A.D. Emperor and captive Sab., 14 6

1669 AE4 ,, Emperor with long cross Sab., 16 1

1670 AE4 ,, Lion 1. Sab., 19 (2). 20 (19). ? (6) 27

1671 AE4 ,, Monogram Sab., 18 3

Uncertain 1672* AE4 Emperor and captive Sab., 14 9

1673 AE4 Emperor with sceptre Sab., 15 48

1674 AE4 Emperor with long cross Sab., 16 6

1675 AE4 Lion 1. Sab., 19 (26). 20 (10). ? (8) 44

1676 AE4 Monogram Sab., 17 (3). 18 (4) 7


SEVER US III 461-465 A.D. (1) Uncertain

1677* AE4 461-467 A.D. Monogram cf. C., 18 (PLATE 2) 1

ZENO 474-491 A.D. (2) Thessalonica

1678" AE4 474-491 A.D. Monogram cf. Sab., 19 1

Uncertain 1679 AE4 Similar Sab., 19 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


VALENTINIAN I - VALENTINIAN 111 (1014)

Rome [ ] Camp gate 1 VICTORIA AVG, AVGG or AVGGG 1

Two Victories

Aquileia SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive 1 VICTORIA AVG, AVGG or AVGGG 1

Two Victories

Thessalonica GLORIA REIPVBLICE Camp gate 5 VICTORIA AVG, AVGG or AVGGG 1 GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive 8 Two Victories SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive 4 VIRTVS AVGGG Emperor on ship 17 SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory 1. 10 VOT X MVLT XX in wreath 1

Heraclea SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive 1 VOT XV MVLT XX in wreath 1

Constantinople CONCORDIA AVG or AVGGG Cross 3 SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive 28 GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive 8 SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory 1. 8 Same. Emperor on horseback 1 VOT X MVLT XX in wreath 1

Nicomedia CONCORDIA AVG or AVGGG Cross 3 SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive 3 GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors with 1 SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory 1. 4 shields VICTORIA AVGGG Victory 1. 1

Cyzicus CONCORDIA AVG or AVGGG Cross 1 REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman 1 GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive 4 SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive 9 Same. Three emperors 1 SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory 1. 6 Same. Uncertain type 1 VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath 2

Antioch GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive 4 SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory 1. 5 SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive 9

Uncertain CONCORDIA AVG or AVGGG Cross 26 SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory 1. 191 GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor on ship 1 VRBS ROMA FELIX Emperor with standard 1 Same. Emperor, captive 187 VICTORIA AVG, AVGG or AVGGG 27 Same. Emperor, two captives 1 Two Victories Same. Two emperors with shields 6 VICTORIA AVGGG Victory 1. 13 Same. Two emperors with globe 8 VOT V in wreath 7 Same. Three emperors 15 VOT V MVLT X in wreath 1 Same. Uncertain type 9 VOT X MVLT XX in wreath 13 REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman 10 VOT XV MVLT XX in wreath 4 RESTITVTOR REIP Emperor 1. 4 VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath 23 SALVS REIPVBLICAE Victory, captive 295 VOT? MVLT ? in wreath 4

Cross (? with or without legend) 12

ROMAN IMPERIAL UNCLASSIFIED (6485) First and second centuries A.D. 38 Late fourth and fifth centuries A.D. 2869 Third century A.D. 146 Fourth century A.D. 3354 Uncertain period 28

"VANDALIOC" COINAGE

(4796) VANDAL KINGS

HILDERIC 523-530 A.D. (2) 1680 AE Bust of Hilderic r./Cross potent BMC, p. 14, 9f. 2

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 65

GELIMER 530-538 A.D. (6) 1681 AE Bust of Gelimer r./Monogram of Gelimer BMC, p. 16, 4-6 6

VANDAL PERIOD Victory (310)

1682* AE Bust of Honorius r./Victory advancing 1. BMC, pp. 17f., 1-11 118

1683* AE Bust of Valentinian III r./Same BMC, p. 18, 12-14 14

1684 AE Uncertain bust r./Similar BMC, pp. 19-22, 15-41 121

1685* AE Bust of Theodosius II r./Victory facing with wreaths BMC, p. 22, 42 4

1686 AE Uncertain bust r./Similar BMC, p. 22, 43 1

1687* AE Bust of Theodosius I r./Victory, captive BMC NOT (PLATE 2) 1

1688* AE Bust of Valentinian III r./Same BMC, pp. 22f., 44-48 48

1689* AE Bust of Leo I r./Same BMC NOT 2

1690* AE Uncertain bust r./Two Victories BMC NOT 1

Roma (5) 1691 AE Uncertain bust r./Roma(?) seated BMC, p. 23, 49f. 5

Emperor (88) 1692 AE Bust of Theodosius I r./Emperor r. with labarum BMC, p. 24, 52 4

1693 AE Bust of Valentinian III r./Emperor 1. BMC, pp. 24f., 53 (2). 56 (4) 6

1694 AE Uncertain bust r./Emperor 1. or r. BMC, pp. 24f., 54-55. 57-60 23

1695 AE Uncertain bust r./Two emperors with globe BMC, p. 25, 61f. 1

1696 AE Uncertain bust r./Emperor, captive BMC, p. 26, 63f. 4

Lion (5) 1697 AE Uncertain bust r./Lion 1. or r. BMC, p. 26, 65f. (2). 67 (3) 5

Palm tree (7) 1698 AE Uncertain bust r./Palm tree with fruit BMC, pp. 26f., 68-72 7

Camp gate (12) 1699 AE Bust of Valentinian III r./Camp gate BMC, p. 27, 73-80 8

1700 AE Uncertain bust r./Same BMC, p. 27, 81f. 4

Inscription (14)

1701 AE Bust of Justinian I r./VOT XIII in wreath BMC, pp. 28f., 86-93 11

1702 AE Uncertain bust r./ OT XXT in wreath BMC NOT, of. p. 28, 85 1

X

1703 AE Uncertain bust r./XX BMC NOT 1

1704 AE Uncertain bust r./VOT (blundered) in wreath BMC NOT 1 V

Monogram or Letter (706)

1705 AE Bust of Theodosius II r./Monogram of Theodosius BMC, pp. 29f., 94 (1). 97 (1) 2

1706 AE Bust of Marcian r./Monogram of Marcian BMC, pp. 30f., 98-105 (110). 134 106-108 (11). 109 (1).? (12)

1707* AE Bust of Leo I r./Monogram of Leo BMC, p. 31, 110-117 (99). 128 118 (29)

1708 AE Bust of Zeno r./Monogram of Zeno BMC, p. 32, 119-122 (21). 47 123-126 (17). 127 (9)

5

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


1709* AE Bust of Anastasius r./Monogram of Anastasius BMC, pp. 32f., 128-134 (193). 243 135-138 (47). ? (3) (PLATE 2)

1710* AE Bust of Justinian I r./Monogram of Justinian BMC, p. 33, 139 (22). 140 (6). 29 ? (1)

1711* AR Bust r. ?/Monogram of (?) Justinian I BMC NOT (PLATE 2) 1

1712* AE Uncertain bust r./1 3BMC NOT (PLATE 2) 6

1713* AE Uncertain bust r./RD in wreath BMC NOT 1

1714 AE Uncertain bust r./(3 (?) 3BMC NOT 1

1715 AE Uncertain bust r./Traces of monogram 15

1716 AE Bust of Justinian I r./ ; BMC, p. 37, 159f. 12

1717 AE Uncertain bust r./Same, pellets in angles BMC, p. 37, 161-163 4

1718 AE Bust of Justinian I r./A BMC, p. 34, 141-148 51

1719 AE Uncertain bust r./P\ BMC, p. 35, 153 7

1720 AE Uncertain bust r./N BMC, p. 36, 154f. 9

1721 AE Uncertain bust r./IT BMC, p. 36, 156 2

1722 AE A/* BMC, p. 37, 164 2 1723 AE Uncertain bust r./Same BMC, p. 38, 165-172 12

Cross (118) 1724 AE Bust of Theodosius II r./Cross potent BMC, pp. 38f., 178-178 24

1725 AE Bust of Masuna (?) r./Same BMC, p. 39, 179-181 3

1726 AE Bust of Valentinian III (?) r./Same BMC, p. 40, 182 1

1727 AE Uncertain bust r./Same BMC, pp. 40f., 188-194 49

1728 AE Uncertain bust r./Plain cross BMC, p. 41, 195-200 21

1729 AE Uncertain bust r./Cross patt6e with pellets BMC, p. 41, 201 4

1730 AE Uncertain bust r./Cross of uncertain form 16

OSTROGOTH KINGS

ODOVACAR 476-493 A.D. (18) 1731 AE Bust of Odovacar r./Monogram of Odovacar BMC, p. 45, 10f. 13

THEODORIC 493-526 A.D. (36) 1732 AE Bust of Anastasius r./Star BMC, p. 51, 85f. 3 1733 AE Bust of Justin I r./ E + BMC, p. 52, 87-40 25

1734 AE Same/V BMC, pp. 52f., 41-51 8

A THALARIC 526-584 A.D. (4) 1735 AE Bust of Justinian I r./Monogram of Athalaric BMC, pp. 66f., 47-56 4

THEODAHAD 584-586 A.D. (3) 1736 AE Bust of Justinian I r./Monogram of Theodahad BMC., p 74, 15 3

BAD UILA 541-552A.D. (22) 1737 AE Bust of Anastasius r./Monogram of Baduila BMC, p. 89, 24-27 10

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 67

1738 AE Same/DNREX BMC, p. 90, 28f. 5 B

1739 AE Bust of Baduila facing/Lion advancing r. BMC, p. 94, 50-52 7

"VANDALIC" UNCLASSIFIED (8495)

BYZANTINE IMPERIAL COINAGE

(11,240; 87 imit.)

ANASTASIUS I 491-518 A.D. (31) Constantinople

1740a* 498-518 A.D. M star 1., crescent r. BMC, I, p. 4, 17 1

b ,, star 1., star r. BMC, I, p. 4, 18-29 7

1741 a ,, K long cross 1. BMC, I, p. 5, 80-88 2

b ,, long cross 1., star above and below BMC, I, p. 6, 42-49 1

1742 ,, BMC, I, p. 7, 54-58 9

Antioch 1743 498-518 A.D. E BMC, I, p.9, 69-78 8

Uncertain 1744

JUSTIN I 518-527 A.D. (18) Constantinople

1745a 518-527 A.D. M star 1., star r. BMC, I, p. 14, 25 1

b ,, star 1., cross r., BMC, I, p. 14, 29-82 4

1746 ,, K long cross 1. Tolstoi, p. 240, 57 1

1747 ,, e Monogram of Christ in center, e r. BMC, I, p. 16, 40-48 5

Nicomedia 1748 518-527 A.D. M star 1., star r. BMC, I, p. 17, 51 1

Uncertain 1749* E cf. Sab., I, p. 166, 49 1

JUSTINIAN 1 527-565 A.D. (182) Constantinople

1750 a 527-538 A.D. M star 1., cross r. BMC, I, pp. 29f., 28-32 7

b* 588-565 A.D. ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 30-35, 39-101 16

1751a 527-538 A.D. K long cross 1. BMC, I, pp. 35f., 102-106 1

b 540-559 A.D. ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 86f., 112. 119 2

1752* 539-565 A.D. I ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 88f., 126-138 7

1753* 527-565 A.D. e BMC, I, pp. 39f., 139-145 (11). 15 146-159 (3). ? (1)

Thessalonica 1754" 568-565 A.D. K ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 41, 160-162 8

5*

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


Nicomedia 1755* 539-556 A.D. M ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 45-47, 190-215 6

1756* 541-542 A.D. K ANNO 1. cf. BMC, I, p. 48, 221-226 1

1757 556-564 A.D. I ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 49, 228. 232 3

Cyzicus 1758 539-547 A.D. M ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 50f., 235. 247 2

1759* 541-542 A.D. K ANNO 1. cf. BMC, I, p. 52, 259 1

Antioch 1760a 529-539 A.D. M star 1., star r. BMC, I, p. 54, 270 1

b ,, star 1., crescent r. BMC, I, p. 55, 282 1

c* 548-562 A.D. ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 56f., 295-310 9

1761 a 529-539 A.D. K long cross 1. BMC, I, p. 58, 314 f. 2

b 539-552 A.D. ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 59, 316. 320 2

Carthage 1762 534-539 A.D. M star 1., cross r. BMC, I, pp. 64f., 360-374 1

1763 539-540 A.D. K ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 66, 380 3

Sicily 1764 538 A.D. or later X star 1., star r. BMC, I, p. 69, 399 1

Rome 1765* 536-538 A.D. K star 1., cross r. BMC (Vandals), p. 110, 18-23 1

Ravenna 1766 563-564 A.D. I ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 71, 409 1

1767 a 555-565 A.D. : BMC (Vandals), p. 119, 77 1

b* ,, (smaller denomination) BMC NOT (PLATE 3) 1

Uncertain 1768 K 2

1769 I 2

1770*" (monogram on obverse) BMC, I, pp. 72f., 414-428 (33). 35 429f. (2)

JUSTIN 11 565-578 A.D. (172) Constantinople

1771" 565-577 A.D. M ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 78-82, 28-81 23

1772" 567-575 A.D. K ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 82f., 85-96 6

Thessalonica 1773a* 566-569 A.D. K ANNO 1. (Justin bust) BMC, I, p. 84, 101-104 8

b* 568-578 A.D. ANNO 1. (Justin and Sophia) BMC, I, pp. 84-86, 105-124 100

Nicomedia 1774* 567-575 A.D. M ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 86-88, 129-149 9

1775" 566-575 A.D. K ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 88f., 160-166 4

Cyzicus 1776* 567-577 A.D. M ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 89f., 167-184 4

1777* 574-576 A.D. K ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 91, 188-191 3

Antioch 1778* 569-578 A.D. M ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 92-94, 193-212 6

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 69

Rome 1779 565-578 A.D. XX BMC, I, p. 102, 284 1

Uncertain 1780 M 2

1781 K 5

1781 a Uncertain type 1

TIBERIUS 11 578-582 A.D. (20) Constantinople

1782* 578-582 A.D. m ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 108f., 25-36 4

1783 ,, XX BMC, I, p. 110, 43-46 1

1784 ,, Li BMC, I, pp. 111f., 55-57 1

Thessalonica 1785* 578-582 A. D. K ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 112f., 59-64 9

Nicomedia 1786 579-581 A.D. m ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 113, 65. 67 2

Antioch 1787 578-580 A.D. m ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 116f., 83. 94 2

1788 581-582 A.D. XX ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 119, 117 1

MAURICE TIBERIUS 582-602 A.D. (25) Constantinople

1789* 582-602 A.D. M ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 130-134, 26-66 6

1790* ,, K ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 134-137, 70-98 8

Thessalonica 1791* 584-597 A.D. K ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 138f., 112-120 9

Nicomedia 1792 587-588 A.D. M ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 140, 130 1

Antioch 1793 595-596 A.D. M ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 145, 184 1

PHOCAS 602-610 A.D. (48) Constantinople

1794" 603-604 A.D. m ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 165, 39 1

1795" 605-609 A.D. XXXX ANNO above BMC, I, p. 166, 42-46 10

1796" 602-610 A.D. XX BMC, I, p. 167, 49-54 8

Thessalonica 1797" 605-607 A.D. XXXX ANNO above BMC, I, p. 168, 60f. 5

1798" 602-610 A.D. XX BMC, I, p. 169, 62-66 7

1799 602-603 A.D. K ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 170, 67f. 1

Nicomedia 1800 602-603 A.D. m ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 170, 70 1

1801" 605-607 A.D. XXXX ANNO above BMC, I, p. 171, 71-76 7

Cyzicus 1802 602-603 A.D. m ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 172f., 81-84 1

1803 604-605 A.D. XXXX ANNO above BMC, I, p. 173, 85 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


1804a 602-610 A.D. XX (Phocas and Leontia) BMC, I, p. 174, 97 1

b 608-604 A.D. (Phocas bust) BMC, I, p. 174, 98f. 2

Antioch 1805 604-605 A.D. MT ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 175, 105 1

Carthage 1806 602-610 A.D. XX star 1., 6 r. BMC, I, p. 179, 186 2

HERACLIUS 610-641 A.D. (232) Constantinople

1807a* 610-613 A.D. M (Heraclius bust) BMC, I, pp. 196f., 109-115 9

b* 612-640 A.D. (two standing figures) BMC, I, pp. 197-206, 116-169 92

c* 615-640 A.D. (three figures) BMC, I, pp. 206-210, 170-201 40

1808* 629-680 A.D. K (two figures) BMC, I, pp. 211f., 206-212 16

Thessalonica 1809a* 614-618 A.D. M (two figures) BMC, I, pp. 212f., 213-218 20

b 623-629 A.D. (three figures) BMC, I, p. 213, 219-221 6

1810* 611-618 A.D. XX (Heraclius bust) BMC NOT (PLATE 8) 2

1811* 614-620 A.D. K (two figures) BMC, I, p. 214f., 223-228 13

Nicomedia 1812 a 610-613 A.D. M (Heraclius bust) BMC, I, p. 215, 229-283 3

b* 612-616 A.D. (two figures) BMC, I, pp. 216f., 234-243 10

c* 615-627 A.D. (three figures) BMC, I, p. 218, 244-249 5

Cyzicus 1813 a 611-612 A.D. M (Heraclius bust) BMC, I, p. 219, 252-254 1

b* 612-618 A.D. (two figures) BMC, I, p. 220, 268-265 2

Alexandria 1814 629-640 A.D. IB (three figures) BMC, I, p. 226, 300f. 2

Carthage 1815* 610-613 A.D. X (Heraclius bust) BMC, I, p. 236, 866-8368 1

Ravenna 1816 631-632 A.D. M (two figures) BMC, I, p. 249, 454 1

Uncertain 1817a* M (Heraclius standing) 2

b (two busts) 1

c* (two figures) 5

d (three figures) 1

CONSTANS 11I 641-668 A.D. (817) Constantinople

1818a* 641-651 A.D. m ANA 1., NEO r. BMC, I, pp. 268-270, 101-125 119

b 643-644 A.D. M ANA 1., NEOtI below BMC, I, pp. 266f., 93-100 1

c* 651-656 A.D. ANA 1., NGO r. BMC, I, pp. 270-273, 126-154 152

d* 655-656 A.D. ANNO 1. (Constans standing) BMC, I, pp. 273f., 155-162 38

e* 655-657 A.D. ANNO 1. (two figures) BMC, I, pp. 277-279, 181-198 40

f* ,, K~N 1., CTAN r. BMC, I, pp. 275f., 163-179 68

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 71

g* 659-664 A.D. three figures (M on obverse) BMC, I, pp. 279-283, 199-232 180

h* 663-666 A.D. three busts BMC, I, pp. 283-285, 233-253 103

i 665-666 A.D. two figures BMC, I, pp. 285f., 254-257 5

1819a* 641-656 A.D. K ANA 1. (Constans bust) BMC NOT (PLATE 3) 8

b ,, ANA 1. (Constans standing) BMC NOT 2

c* 659-660 A.D. ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 286, 260 27

Sicily 1820* 659-668 A.D. M two figures BMC, I, p. 304, 362-370 4

Uncertain 1821 M 20

1822 K 2


CONSTANTINE IV 668-685 A.D. (30) Constantinople

1823a* 668-685 A.D. K ANNO 1., CON r. Tolstoi, p. 827, 133 1

b* ,, M 1., cross r. BMC, II, pp. 318f., 33-38 2

1824* ,, I cross 1., K r. BMC, II, p. 319, 39f. 22

Sicily 1825a* 668-669 A.D. M (Constantine bust) BMC, II, pp. 323f., 61-66 4

b 670-680 A.D. (Constantine standing) BMC, II, p. 324, 67-69 1

JUSTINIAN 11 685-695 A.D. (1) (First Reign)

Sicily 1826 685-695 A.D. M monogram above BMC, II, p. 339, 47 1

TIBERIUS 111 698-705 A.D. (1) Constantinople

1827 700 A.D. M ANNO 1. Sab., II, p. 31, 9 1

JUSTINIAN 11 705-711 A.D. (6) (Second Reign)

Constantinople 1828* 705 A.D. M ANNO 1. BMC, II, pp. 355f., 8f. 2

1829a* c. 705 A. D. K ANNO 1. BMC, II, p. 356, 10 2

b* 710 A.D. XXX 1. BMC NOT (PLATE 3) 2

PHILIPPICUS 711-718 A. D. (61) Constantinople

1830* 711-718 A.D. I cross 1. Hesperia, IX, pp. 363-366, 1-44 61

ANASTASIUS 11 713-716 A.D. (4) Constantinople

1831*" 7138-716 A.D. K ANNO 1. Hesperia, IX, p. 369, 1-3 4

LEO 111 717-741 A.D. (23) Constantinople

1832* 717-741 A.D. I cross and star 1. Hesperia, IX, pp. 870f., 1-16 22

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


Provincial 1833 720-741 A.D. Constantine V standing BMC, II, p. 369, 21-23 1

CONSTANTINE V 741-775 A.D. (2; 1 imit.) Constantinople

1834 751-775 A.D. Cross on steps/Inscription BMC, II, p. 380, 13f. 1

1835 749-750 A.D. M with Constantine bust BMC, II, p. 381, 16-22 1

1836* Barbarous imitation (PLATE 3) 1

LEO IV 775-780 A.D. (1) Constantinople

1837 776-780 A.D. M two busts BMC, II, p. 395, 11-13 1

CONSTANTINE V1 and IRENE 780-797 A.D. (1) Constantinople

1838 780-797 A.D. M three busts BMC, II, p. 399, 8f. 1

IRENE 797-802 A.D. (1) Constantinople

1839 797-802 A.D. M XXX 1., NNN r. BMC, II, p. 400, 2 1

LEO V and CONSTANTINE 813-820 A.D. (1) Constantinople

1840* 813-820 A.D. K XXX 1., NNN r. of. BMC, II, p. 411, 17 1

MICHAEL II and THEOPHILUS 820-829 A.D. (2) Constantinople

1841 821-829 A.D. M XXX 1., NNN r. BMC, II, p. 415, 6-10 2

THEOPHILUS 829-842 A.D. (4) Constantinople

1842 c. 839-842 A.D. Emperor/Inscription BMC, II, p. 423, 18-26 4

MICHAEL 111 842-867 A.D. (1) Constantinople

1843 866-867 A.D. Michael bust/Basil bust BMC, II, p. 432, 11 f. 1

BASIL 1 867-886 A.D. (17) Constantinople

1844 869-879 A.D. Cross potent/Inscription BMC, II, p. 438, 6f. 1

1845 867-868 A.D. Emperor seated/Inscription BMC, II, p. 438, 8-10 2

1846 869-879 A.D. Two busts/Inscription BMC, II, p. 439, 11-16 7

1847" ,, Two emperors seated/Inscription BMC, II, pp. 439f., 17-20 4

1848 870-879 A.D. Three emperors/Inscription BMC, II, pp. 440f., 21-29 3

LEO VI 886-912 A.D. (81) Constantinople

1849" 886-912 A.D. Leo bust/Inscription BMC, II, p. 447, 8-10 71

1850 ,, Two emperors seated/Inscription BMC, II, p. 447, 11lf. 10

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 73

CONSTANTINE VII 913-959 A.D. (257) Constantinople

1851 913-919 A.D. Constantine and Zoe busts/Inscription BMC, II, pp. 452f., 1-6 6

1852* 919-944 A.D. Romanus I bust/Inscription BMC, II, pp. 455-457, 14-29 59

1853* 945-959 A.D. Constantine bust/Inscription BMC, II, pp. 463f., 45-57 164

1854* ,, Constantine and Romanus II busts/ BMC, II, pp. 466f., 70-76 28 Inscription

NICEPHORUS 11 963-969 A.D. (46) Constantinople

1855* 963-969 A.D. Nicephorus bust/Inscription BMC, II, p. 473, 8-12 46

JOHN 1 969-976 A.D. (1) Constantinople

1856 969-976 A.D. Cross on steps/Inscription BMC, II, p. 475, 5f. 1

CONSTANTINE X 1059-1067 A.D. (28) Constantinople

1857* 1059-1067 A.D. Constantine and Eudocia/Christ figure BMC, II, pp. 517-519, 18-31 17

1858* ,, Constantine bust/Christ bust BMC, II, pp. 519f., 32-37 11

ROMANUS IV 1067-1071 A.D. (4) Constantinople

1859 1067-1071 A.D. Christ bust/Cross with C R BMC, II, p. 528, 9-13 4 P A

MICHAEL VIl 1071-1078 A.D. (7) Constantinople

1860* 1071-1078 A.D. Michael bust/Christ bust BMC, II, pp. 533f., 24-30 7

NICEPHORUS BRYENNIUS (?) 1077-1078 A.D. (1) Uncertain

1861* 1077-1078 A.D. Christ bust/Patriarchal cross with C B NC, 1950, p. 307 1 N B (PLATE 3)

NICEPHOR US 111 1078-1081 A.D. (677) Constantinople

1862* 1078-1081 A.D. Christ figure/Cross and circle with C () BMC, II, p. 538, 12-21 677 NA

ANONYMOUS ISSUES (2235; 14 imit.)

1863* 969-989 A.D. CLASS A-1 Christ bust/Four line inscription NNM, 35, P1. I, 2f. 104

1864 989-1028 A.D. CLASS A-2 Similar but larger flan NNM, 35, P1. I, 4-6 519

1865 1028-1034 A.D. CLASS B Christ bust/Cross on steps, inscription in NNM, 35, P1. I, 7 218 angles

1866 1034-1041 A.D. CLASS C Christ figure/Jewelled cross, inscription in NNM, 85, P1. I, 8f. 154 angles

1867 1042-1055 A.D. CLASS D Christ on throne with back/Three line NNM, 35, P1. II, 2 104 inscription

1868 1057-1059 A.D. CLASS E Christ bust/Same NNM, 35, P1. I, 10 13

1869 1059-1067 A.D. CLASS F Christ on throne without back/Similar NNM, 35, P1. II, 1 74

1870 1067-1071 A.D. CLASS G Christ bust/Virgin bust NNM, 35, P1. II, 3 104

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


1871 1071-1078 A.D. CLASS H Similar/Patriarchal cross NNM, 35, P1. II, 5 222

1872 1078-1081 A.D. CLASS I Similar/Latin cross NNM, 35, P1. II, 6 359

1873 1081-1118 A.D. CLASS J Similar but cross behind head/Latin cross NNM, 35, P1. II, 7 77 on crescent

1874 ,, CLASS K Christ bust/Half-length figure of Virgin NNM, 35, P1. II, 8 233

1875 ,, CLASS L Similar/Small cross patt6e NNM, 35, P1. II, 9f. 2

1876 ,, Mule: Reverse CLASS K/Reverse CLASS J NNM, 35, P1. II, 12 1

1876a Uncertain type - CLASS D or F (3), CLASS H or I (2) 51

1877* Barbarous imitations of CLASSES B (1), C(2), D(1), H(2), 14 1(2), K(1), Uncertain (5) (PLATE 3)

ALEXIUS 1 1081-1118 A.D. (954; 6 imit.) Constantinople

1878* 1081-1118 A.D. Alexius bust/Christ seated BMC, II, p. 543, 14-21 1

1879 ,, Alexius with cross/Christ figure BMC, II, p. 549, 45 2

1880* ,, Alexius with labarum/Similar BMC, II, p. 550, 46f. 34

1881 ,, Similar/Christ seated BMC, II, p. 549, 43f. 1

1882* ,, Alexius bust with cross/Similar BMC, II, p. 549, 41f. 1

1883* ,, Similar/Christ bust BMC, II, p. 548, 37-40 180

1884 ,, Alexius bust with labarum/Same BMC, II, p. 547, 33-35 12

1885* ,, Alexius with labarum/Virgin bust with BMC, II, p. 550, 48 2 medallion

1886* ,, Alexius bust with labarum/Virgin orans bust Edwards, p. 142, 126 96

1887* ,, Alexius bust with cross/Jewelled cross BMC, II, pp. 551f., 49-55 602

1888* ,, Alexius bust with sceptre/Patriarchal cross BMC, II, pp. 552f., 56-65 7

1889* ,, Cross/Inscription BMC, II, p. 553, 66-68 2

1890* ,, Mule: Reverse of No. 1883/Reverse of No. 1887 1


1891* Barbarous imitations 6

JOHN 11 1118-1143 A.D. (144; 1 imit.) Constantinople

1892* 1118-1148 A.D. Virgin crowning John/Christ seated cf. BMC, II, p. 560, 40 1

1893 ,, John with cross/Christ figure BMC, II, p. 564, 62-66 2

1894* ,, John bust with labarum/Same BMC, II, p. 564, 67-69 11

1895* ,, John bust with sceptre/Christ bust BMC, II, p. 565, 70f. 114

1896 ,, John bust with labarum/St. Demetrius bust Edwards, p. 144, 138 10

1897* ,, Mules 2

1897a Uncertain type 4

1898 Barbarous imitation Virgin orans type 1

MANUEL 1 1143-1180 A.D. (3775; 13 imit.) Constantinople

1899" 1143-1180 A.D. Virgin crowning Manuel/Christ seated cf. BMC, II, p. 570, 21-24 1

1900 ,, Manuel with labarum/Virgin seated BMC, II, p. 577, 56-58 14

1901 ,, Manuel with sword/Christ seated cf. Sab., II, p. 209, 14 1

1902 ,, Manuel with mappa/Christ bust Sab., II, p. 210, 18 1

1903 ,, Manuel with labarum/Christ figure BMC, II, p. 577, 62f. 4

1904" ,, Manuel with cross/Christ bust BMC, II, p. 578, 64-68 307

1905* ,, Manuel bust/Same BMC, II, p. 578, 70 17

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 75

1906* 1148-1180 A.D. Similar/Cross on steps BMC, II, pp. 580f., 86-95 161

1907* ,, Similar/Monogram BMC, II, p. 580, 79-82 (1604). 1699 83-85 (95)

1908* ,, Similar/St. George bust BMC, II, p. 579, 75-78 1387

1909* ,, Similar/Virgin orans bust BMC, II, p. 579, 71-74 8

1910* ,, Mules 23


1911 Barbarous imitations of No. 1904 (5) and 13 No. 1907(8)

ANDRONICUS 1 1183-1185 A.D. (78) Constantinople

1912* 1183-1185 A.D. Andronicus with labarum/Virgin orans bust BMC, II, p. 586, 13-18 74

1913* ,, Similar/St. George bust BMC, II, p. 587, 19f. 2


ISAAC 11 1185-1195 A.D. (156; 1 imit.) Constantinople

1914* 1185-1195 A.D. Isaac, St. Michael/Virgin seated Sab., II, p. 223, 3 1

1915 ,, Isaac, St. George/Similar BMC, II, p. 591, 16-18 3 1916 ,, Isaac with cross/Similar BMC, II, pp. 592f., 19-31 1

1917 ,, Similar/Virgin orans figure BMC, II, p. 596, 38-42 2

1918 Isaac half-figure/Virgin orans bust BMC, II, p. 596, 43 2

1919* ,, Similar/St. Michael bust BMC, II, p. 597, 44-47 144

1920* ,, Similar/St. George bust BMC NOT 2

1920a Uncertain type 1

1921 Barbarous imitation of No. 1919 1

ALEXIUS 111 1195-1203 A.D. (18) Constantinople

1922* 1195-1203 A.D. Alexius, St. Constantine/Christ bust BMC, II, pp. 602f., 15-19 3

1923 ,, Alexius with labarum/St. George bust BMC, II, p. 606, 39-44 13


ANDRONICUS 11 1282-1328 A.D. (2) Constantinople

1924 1282-1295 A.D. Andronicus with cross/Cross anchored BMC, II, p. 617, 11 1

1925" 1325-1328 A.D. Andronicus, grandson/Christ bust Sab., II, p. 258, 87 1

EMPIRE OF NICAEA

THEODORE 1 1204-1222 A.D. (1) 1926" 1204-1222 A.D. Theodore, St. Theodore/(obscure) of. BMC (Vandals), pp. 208f., 1

4-11

JOHN 1 1222-1254 A.D. (1)

1927 1222-1254 A.D. John with labarum/St. George bust BMC (Vandals), p. 219, 36-39 1

THEODORE II 1254-1258 A.D. (1)

1928" 1254-1258 A.D. Theodore with labarum/St. Tryphon (?) cf. BMC (Vandals), p. 222, 5 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


EMPIRE OF THESSALONICA

THEODORE 1222-1230 A.D. (5) 1929* 1222-1230 A.D. Theodore, St. Demetrius/Christ bust(?) cf. BMC (Vandals), p. 194, 2f. 1

1930 ,, Similar/Christ bust BMC (Vandals), p. 194, 3 3

1931 ,, Theodore with labarum/Similar BMC (Vandals), p. 195, 4 1

EMPIRE OF TREBIZOND

ALEXIUS III 1349-1390 A.D. (1) 1932* 1349-1390 A.D. Alexius III/Cross and wreath BMC (Vandals), p. 299, 21f. 1

BYZANTINE IMPERIAL UNCLASSIFIED (1121; 1 imit.)

Sixth century A.D. (2 M, 1 K, 8 E) 15 Twelfth century A.D. (including one imitation) 801 Seventh century A.D. (7 M, 6 K) 72 Uncertain period 214 Ninth, tenth, eleventh centuries A.D. 20

FRANKISH COINAGE (1186; 55 imit.)

PRINCES OF ACHAEA

GUILLAUME DE VILLEHARDOUIN 1245-1278 A.D. (452) 1933* Billon or AE Facing head/Cross Schlumb., P1. XII, 6 94

1934 Billon or AE Cross/Castle of Acrocorinth Schlumb., P1. XII, 7 276

1935 Billon Cross/Genoese gate Schlumb., P1. XII, 9f. 49

1936 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Schlumb., P1. XII, 1f. 27

1937 Billon Cross/ii,

Schlumb., P1. XIII, 15; p. 356 3

1938* Billon Castle Tournois type with TVRONVS CIVI Schlumb., P1. XII, 13 1

1939 Billon Similar with THEBE CIVIS Schlumb., P1. XII, 14 1

1939a Billon or AE Uncertain type 1

CHARLES I D'ANJOU 1278-1285 A.D. (1) 1940 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Schlumb., P1. XII, 16 1

CHARLES .I11 D'ANJOU 1285-1287 A.D. (15)

1941 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Schlumb., P1. XII, 17 15

FLORENT DE HAINAUT 1289-1297 A.D. (3) 1942 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Schlumb., P1. XII, 18 3

ISABELLE DE VILLEHARDOUIN 1297-1301 A.D. (6) 1943 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Schlumb., P1. XII, 19 6

PHILIPPE DE SA VOIE 1301-1307 A.D. (20) 1944 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Schlumb., P1. XII, 20 20

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 77

PHILIPPE DE TARENTE 1307-1313 A.D. (14) 1945 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Schlumb., P1. XII, 21 14

MAHAUT DE HAINAUT 1316-1318 A.D. (2) 1946 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Schlumb., P1. XII, 24 2

JEAN DE GRAVINA 1318-1333 AD. (5) 1947 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Schlumb., P1. XII, 25 5

DUKES OF ATHENS

GUY I DE LA ROCHE 1225-1263 A.D. (53) 1948 Billon or AE -Genoese gate/Cross Schlumb., P1. XII, 31 32

1949 Billon or AE G in field/Cross Schlumb., Pl. XII, 30 20

1949a Billon or AE Uncertain type 1

GUILLAUME I DE LA ROCHE 1280-1287 A.D. (101) 1950 Billon or AE Fleur-de-lis/Genoese gate Schlumb., Pl. XII, 32 61

1951 Billon or AE Coat of arms/Cross Schlumb., P1. XIII, 1 20

1952 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Schlumb., P1. XIII, 2f. 20

GUY 11 DE LA ROCHE 1287-1808 A.D. (177) 1953* Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Schlumb., P1. XIII, 4 (1). 5 (1) 2

1954 Billon or AE Turreted castle/Turreted castle Schlumb., P1. XIII, 6 11

1955 Billon or AE Cross/Same Schlumb., P1. XIII, 8 97

1956 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Schlumb., P1. XIII, 9 65

1957* Billon Similar with DE CLARENCIA Schlumb., Pl. XIII, 10 2

GAUTHIER DE BRIENNE 1308-1311 A.D. (15) 1958 Billion or AE Cross/Large G in field Schlumb., Pl. XIII, 12 15

DESPOTS OF EPIRUS

PHILIPPE DE TARENTE After 1294 A.D. (21)

1959" Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Schlumb., P1. XIII, 20 (13). 20 26 (5). ? (2)

1960 Billon Similar Schlumb., P1. XIII, 24 1

JEAN 11 ORSINI 1323-1835 A.D. (1; 1 imit.)

1961 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Schlumb., P1. XIII, 16 1

1962 Billon Barbarous imitation 1

LORDS OF SALONA

THOMAS 11 c. 2121-1258 A.D. (1)

1963 Billon Cross/Shield Schlumb., P1. XIII, 18 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


THOMAS 111 c. 1294-1811 A.D. (3) 1964 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Schlumb., Pl. XIII, 14 3

PRINCES OF ANTIOCH

BOHEMOND 1 1098-1111 A.D. (2) 1965 AE St. Peter bust/Cross Schlumb., P1. II, 4 1 1966 AE Christ bust/Similar Schlumb., P1. II, 5 1

TANCORED 1104-1112 A.D. (1) 1967 AE St. Peter bust/Inscription Schlumb., P1. II, 6 1

COUNTS OF TRIPOLIS

RAYMOND 11 1152-1187 A.D. (1) 1968 AE Star and crescent/Cross Schlumb., P1. IV, 5 1

FRANKISH UNCLASSIFIED (292; 54 imit.)

MINOR COINAGES OF GREECE AND THE ISLANDS (5)

JEAN 11 DE LA GRANDE VLAQUIE 1303-1318 A.D. (1) 1969 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Schlumb., P1. XIII, 17 1

GIORGIO I GHISI, Lord of Tenos 1303-1311 A.D. (1) 1970 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Schlumb., P1. XIII, 29 1

LORDS OF CHIOS After 18347 A.D. (1) 1971 Billon Castle Tournois/Cross Schlumb., P1. XIV, 21 1

LEO GABALAS, King of Rhodes 1204-1240 A.D. (1)

1972 AE Inscription/Insoription Schlumb., P1. VIII, 17 1

ORDER OF ST. JOHN at Rhodes After 1819 A.D. (1)

197• Billon Genoese gate/Cross Schlumb., P1. X, 3 1

FRENCH COINAGE (16)

KINGS OF FRANCE

LOUIS IX 1226-1270 A.D. (6) 1974 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Bl.-Dieud., II, pp. 224, 227 6

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 79

TOURAINE

SAINT-MARTIN DE TOURS 12th Century A.D. (1) 1975 Billon Castle Tournois/Cross Poey d'Avant, I, p. 222, 1636 1

DUKES OF BRITTANY

JEAN I 1237-1286 A.D. (1) 1976 Billon Cross/Shield Poey d'Avant, I, p. 65, 856 1

COUNTS OF PROVENCE

CHARLES I D'ANJOU 1246-1285 A.D. (3) 1977 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Poey d'Avant, II, p. 320, 3947 3

CHARLES 11 D'ANJOU 1285-1309 A.D. (1) 1978 AR Prince seated/Cross Poey d'Avant, II, p. 828, 8974 1

ROBERT 1809-1343 A.D. (3) 1979 AR Prince seated/Cross Poey d'Avant, II, pp. 832f., 8

8977 (2). 8985 (1)

POPES AT AVIGNON

JEAN XX.1 1316-1884 A.D. (1) 1980 AR Pope seated/Cross Poey d'Avant, II, p. 348, 4142 1

ITALIAN COINAGE (15; 1 imit.)

KINGS OF SICILY

ROGER 11 1130-1154 A.D. (3)

1981" AE Emperor standing/Cross with pronged ends Spinelli, p. 148, 49 8

WILLIAM I 1149-1166 A.D. (1)

1982 AE Lamb with cross/Cross Spinelli, pp. 154f., 75-77 1

WILLIAM 11 1166-1189 A.D. (1)

1983 AE Inscription/Inscription Spinelli, p. 90, P1. XIV, 22f. 1

COUNTS OF CAMPOBASSO

NICHOLAS 11 1450-1462 A.D. (9; 1 imit.)

1984* Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Edwards, p. 158, 48 9

1985 Billon Barbarous imitation of same 1

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


POPES AT ROME

PIUS IV 1559-1565 A.D. (1) 1986 AR Papal arms/St. Peter CNI, XV, p. 499, 144 1

VENETIAN COINAGE (1024; 17 imit.)

DOGES OF VENICE

JACOPO TIEPOLO 1229-1249 A.D. (3) 1987 AR Doge, St. Mark/Christ enthroned Pap., I, p. 98, 2 2

1988 Billon V N *CE/Cross Pap., I, p. 99, 6 1

RANIERI ZENO 1253-1268 A.D. (1) 1989 AR Doge, St. Mark/Christ enthroned Pap., I, p. 106, 1 1

GIOVANNI DANDOLO 1280-1289 A.D. (1) 1990 AR Doge, St. Mark/Christ enthroned Pap., I, p. 137, 2 1

FRANCESCO DANDOLO 1329-1339 A.D. (10) 1991 AR Doge kneeling/Lion rampant Pap., I, p. 163,11 10

BARTOLOMEO GRADENIGO 1339-1342 A.D. (2) 1992 AR Doge kneeling/Lion rampant Pap., I, p. 168, 3 2

ANDREA DANDOLO 1343-1354 A.D. (2) 1993 AR Doge kneeling/Lion rampant Pap., I, p. 182, 4 1

1994 Billon Cross/Lion of St. Mark Pap., I, p. 183, 8 1

GIOVANNI DOLFIN 1356-1361 A.D. (3) 1995 AR Doge kneeling/Lion rampant Pap., I, p. 196, 2 1


LORENZO CELSI 1361-1365 A.D. (9) 1997 Billon Cross/Lion of St. Mark Pap., I, p. 201, 4 9

MARCO CORNER 1365-1367 A.D. (20)


ANDREA CONTARINI 1868-1382 A.D. (115; 1 imit.)

1999 Billon Cross/Lion of St. Mark Pap., I, p. 217, 8 115 2000 Billon Barbarous imitation of above 1

MICHELE MOROSINI 1382 A.D. (13)


© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

CATALOGUE 81

ANTONIO VENIER 1382-1400 A.D. (185) 2002 Billon Cross/Lion of St. Mark Pap., I, p. 231, 7 185

MICHELE STENO 1400-1413 A.D. (33) 2003 Billon Cross/Lion of St. Mark Pap., I, p. 240, 7 33

TOMASO MOCENIGO 1414-1423 A.D. (9) 2004 Billon Cross/Lion of St. Mark Pap., I, p. 253, 9 9

AGOSTINO BARBARIGO 1486-1501 A.D. (22)

2005 Billon Cross/Lion of St. Mark Pap., II, p. 83, 64 22

LEONARDO LOREDAN 1501-1521 A.D. (1) 2006 Billon Cross/Lion of St. Mark Pap., II, p. 114, 79 1

ANDREA GRITTI 1523-1528 A.D. (4) 2007* Billon Doge kneeling, St. Mark/Christ in aureole cf. Pap., II, p. 147, 6 1


LORENZO PRIULI 1556-1559 A.D. (1)

2009 Billon Cross/Lion rampant Pap., II, p. 267, 53 1

GEROLAMO PRIULI 1559-1567 A.D. (2) 2010 Billon Cross/Lion rampant Pap., II, p. 289, 91 2

PIETRO LOREDAN 1567-1570 A.D. (3) 2011 Billon Cross/Lion rampant Pap., II, p. 304, 33 3

ALVISE MOCENIGO 1570-1577 A.D. (3)

2012 Billon Cross/Lion of St. Mark Pap., II, p. 323, 60 (2); p. 331, 3 120 (1)

NICOLO DA PONTE 1578-1585 A.D. (1)


PASQUALE CICOGNA 1585-1595A.D. (2)


MARINO GRIMAN1 1595-1605 A.D. (3)

2015 Billon Cross/Lion of St. Mark Pap., II, p. 455, 123 (2). 127 (1) 3

FRANCESCO MOROSINI 1688-1694 A.D. (1)

2016 AR Doge kneeling, St. Mark/Lion with cross Pap., III, p. 513, 90 1

SILVESTRO VALIER 1694-1700 A.D. (1)

201 A7 Doge kneeling, St. Mark/Christ in aureole cf. Pap., III, p. 519, 2 1

6

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


ANONYMOUS COLONIAL ISSUES

2018 AE Lion of St. Mark/St. George and dragon Pap., II, p. 553, 51 1

2019* AE DALMA ET ALBAN and variations Pap., III, pp. 927-938, 7-86 117 DALMA ET ALBAN 74 DALM ET ALB 39 DALMAT ET ALBAN 1 DALMAT ET ALBANIA 3

2020 AE ISOLE ET ARMATA Pap., III, pp. 938f., 87-94 54

2021 AE ARMATA ET MOREA Pap., III, pp. 939-941, 95-106 109

2022 AE CORF CEFAL ZANT and variations Pap., III, pp. 941-943, 107-126 48 CORF CEFAL ZANT 20 CORF ZANT CEF 1 CORFV CEFAL ZANT 13 CORFV CEFAL ZANTE 7 CORFV CEFALON ZANTE 4 CORFV CEFALONIA ZANTE 3

2023 AE SOL DINI 21 Pap., III, pp. 961-966, 2--36 12

2024 AE SOL DINO Pap., III, p. 966, 38 1

2025 AE CANDIA Pap., III, pp. 969f., 62. 66 3 FR in exergue 2 PM in exergue 1

VENETIAN UNCLASSIFIED (229; 16 imit.)

Doges of Venice 208 Barbarous imitations of same 16 Anonymous colonial issues 21

OTHER COINAGES UNCLASSIFIED (18,402)

Medieval (Western Europe) 11 Islamic 7,073 Modern (almost all Greek) 11,318

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

NUMERICAL SUMMARY

ROMAN REPUBLICAN 15

Q. Titius 88 B.C. 1 C. Norbanus 80 B.C. 1 Ti. Claudius 78-77 B.C. 1 Cn. Cornelius Lent. Marcellinus c. 76-74 B.C. 1 M. Aemilius Scaurus 58 B.C. 1 Cn. Plancius c. 54 B.C. 1 D. Junius Brutus Albinus 49-48 B.C. 1 P. Sepullius Macer c. 44 B.C. 1 M. Antonius c. 37-31 B.C. 7

ROMAN IMPERIAL 18,674 9 imitations

Augustus 27 B.C.-14 A.D. 5 Tiberius 14-37 A.D. 2 Claudius 41-54 A.D. 1 Nero 54-68 A.D. 2 Galba 68-69 A.D. 1 Otho 69 A.D. 1 Vespasian 69-79 A.D. 11 Titus 79-81 A.D. 2 Domitian 81-96 A.D. 18 Nerva 96-98 A.D. 8 Trajan 98-117 A.D. 46 Hadrian 117-138 A.D. 67 Sabina 2 Antoninus Pius 188-161 A.D. 46 Faustina I 14 Marcus Aurelius 161-180 A.D. 26 Faustina II 28 Lucius Verus 161-169 A.D. 11 Lucilla 5 Commodus 176-192 A.D. 15 Crispina 3 Didius Julianus 193 A.D. 1 Manlia Scantilla 1 Septimius Severus 193-211 A.D. 13 Julia Domna 6 Caracalla 198-217 A.D. 12 Plautilla 2 Geta 209-212 A.D. 5 Elagabalus 218-222 A.D. 4 Julia Maesa 1 Severus Alexander 222-285 A.D. 26 Julia Mamaea 18 Maximinus I 285-288 A.D. 21 Maximus 2

6*

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


Pupienus 238 A.D. 2 Gordian III 238-244 A.D. 52 Philip I 244-249 A.D. 31 Otacilia Severa 9 Trajan Decius 249-251 A.D. 10 Herennia Etruscilla 5 Herennius Etruscus 251 A.D. 2 Trebonianus Gallus 251-253 A.D. 17 Volusian 251-253 A.D. 8 Aemilian 253 A.D. 4 Valerian I 253-260 A.D. 38 Gallienus 253-268 A.D. 349 Salonina 83 Valerian II 2 Saloninus 1 Macrian 260-261 A.D. 4 Quietus 260-261 A.D. 3 Postumus 259-268 A.D. 1 Victorinus 268-270 A.D. 1 Tetricus 270-273 A.D. 2 Claudius II 268-270 A.D. 23 Quintillus 270 A.D. 1 Aurelian 270-275 A.D. 163 Severina 11 Tacitus 275-276 A.D. 7 Florian 276 A.D. 9 Probus 276-282 A.D. 101 Carus 282-283 A.D. 4 Carinus 283-285 A.D. 10 Magnia Urbica 1 Numerian 283-284 A.D. 4 Diocletian 284-305 A.D. 72 Maximian 285-305 A.D. 108 Constantius Chlorus 305-306 A.D. 22 Galerius 305-311 A.D. 51 Galeria 2 Severus II 306-307 A.D. 3 Maximinus II 308-313 A.D. 9 Licinius I 307-323 A.D. 50 Licinius II 14 Constantine I 307-337 A.D. 527 Fausta 1 Helen 17 Theodora 1 Urbs Roma 90 Constantinople 74 Populus Romanus 1 Crispus 33 Constantine II 337-340 A.D. 168 Constantius II 337-361 A.D. 1855 Constans I 337-350 A.D. 434 Delmatius 4 Vetranio 350 A.D. 1 Magnentius 350-353 A.D. 2 Constantius Gallus 123 Julian II 361-863 A.D. 283 House of Constantine 1419

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

NUMERICAL SUMMARY 85

Jovian 863-864 A.D. 13 Valentinian I 364-375 A.D. 224 Valens 364-378 A.D. 521 Procopius 365-366 A.D. 5 Gratian 367-383 A.D. 165 Valentinian II 375-392 A.D. 514 Theodosius I 379-395 A.D. 1055 Flaccilla 13 Maximus 384-388 A.D. 5 Victor 384-388 A.D. 4 Eugenius 392-394 A.D. 4 Arcadius 383-408 A.D. 1012 Eudoxia 6 Honorius 393-423 A.D. 304 Theodosius II 400-450 A.D. 334 Eudocia 2 Placidia 1 Johannes 423-425 A.D. 1 Valentinian III 425-455 A.D. 9 Marcian 450-457 A.D. 107 Leo I 457-474 A.D. 152 Severus III 461-465 A.D. 1 Zeno 474-491 A.D. 2 Valentinian I-III 1047 Unclassified 6435 Imitations 9

"VANDALIC" 4,796 Vandal Kings 8 Ostrogoth Kings 78 Bust of Theodosius I 5 Bust of Honorius 118 Bust of Theodosius II 30 Bust of Valentinian III 77 Bust of Marcian 134 Bust of Leo I 130 Bust of Zeno 47 Bust of Anastasius I 243 Bust of Justinian I 103 Unclassified 3823

BYZANTINE IMPERIAL 11,240 37 imitations

Anastasius I 491-518 A.D. 31 Justin I 518-527 A.D. 13 Justinian I 527-565 A.D. 132 Justin II 565-578 A.D. 172 Tiberius II 578-582 A.D. 20 Maurice Tiberius 582-602 A.D. 25 Phocas 602-610 A.D. 48 Heraclius 610-641 A.D. 232 Constans II 641-668 A.D. 817 Constantine IV 668-685 A.D. 30 Justinian II (1st) 685-695 A.D. 1 Tiberius III 698-705 A.D. 1 Justinian II (2nd) 705-711 A.D. 6 Philippicus 711-713 A.D. 61

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


Anastasius II 713-716 A.D. 4 Leo III 717-741 A.D. 23 Constantine V 741-775 A.D. 2 Leo IV 775-780 A.D. 1 Constantine VI 780-797 A.D. 1 Irene 797-802 A.D. 1 Leo V 813-820 A.D. 1 Michael II 820-829 A.D. 2 Theophilus 829-842 A.D. 4 Michael III 842-867 A.D. 1 Basil I 867-886 A.D. 17 Leo VI 886-912 A.D. 81 Constantine VII 913-959 A.D. 257 Nicephorus II 963-969 A.D. 46 John I 969-976 A.D. 53* Basil II, Constantine VIII 976-1028 A.D. 571 Romanus III 1028-1034 A.D. 218 Michael IV 1034-1041 A.D. 154 Constantine IX 1042-1055 A.D. 104 Isaac I 1057-1059 A.D. 13 Constantine X 1059-1067 A.D. 102 Romanus IV 1067-1071 A.D. 108 Michael VII 1071-1078 A.D. 229 Nicephorus Bryennius 1077-1078 A.D. 1 Nicephorus III 1078-1081 A.D. 1036 Alexius I 1081-1118 A.D. 1267 John II 1118-1143 A.D. 144 Manuel I 1143-1180 A.D. 3775 Andronicus I 1183-1185 A.D. 78 Isaac II 1185-1195 A.D. 156 Alexius III 1195-1203 A.D. 18 Andronicus II 1282-1328 A.D. 2 Empire of Nicaea 3 Empire of Thessalonica 5 Empire of Trebizond 1 Unclassified 1121 Imitations 37

* For the period from John Zimisces through Alexius I, the anonymous issues are assigned to individual emperors according to the chronology outlined in the commentary. Since it is impossible to make a definite division of the Agora coins of CLASS A-1 between John I and the early years of Basil II and Constantine VIII, this first anonymous group has been arbitrarily halved - fifty-two coins to John and fifty-two to Basil and Constantine. Each of the other anonymous classes can be attributed in its entirety to a single reign.

FRANKISH......................... 1,186 55 imitations

MINOR COINAGES OF GREECE AND THE ISLANDS 5

FRENCH .......................... 16

ITALIAN .......................... 15 1 imitation

VENETIAN ......................... 1,024 17 imitations

MEDIEVAL ........................ 11

ISLAMIC .......................... 7,073

MODERN(almost all Greek) .................. 11,818 55,492

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

COMMENTARY

ROMAN REPUBLICAN COINAGE

1 References for the Roman Republican coinage are to the recent study of Edward A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London, 1952), which revises the catalogue of the British Museum collection prepared in 1910 by H. A. Grueber.

No. 1 of the Agora catalogue, a bronze issue of Q. Titius, is assigned to the mint of Rome by Grueber (BMC, Republic, I, p. 288, 2235). Sydenham believes that Rome was the chief minting center from the second century down to the time of the Social War but that its output during the period was augmented by the activity of at least one other Italian mint. In his opinion, the coinage of Q. Titius was struck both at Rome and at the auxiliary Italian mint.

9-12 Antony's legionary coins, of which five specimens have been found in the Agora, were struck for his naval and military forces prior to the battle of Actium. Grueber (BMC, Republic, II, p. 526, note 1) dates the entire series 32-31 B.C., attributing it to Ephesus where the fleet and legions were first assembled.

13 Various theories have been advanced regarding the dating and origin of Antony's "fleet" issues, of which our coins are representative examples. Bahrfeldt, after compiling considerable evidence on known specimens and their provenance (Num. Zeit., 1905, pp. 9-56), concluded that the money was struck between the autumn of 37 B.C. and the summer of 35 B.C., probably aboard one or more of Antony's ships. In the British Museum catalogue (II, p. 510, note 1), Grueber restricts the dating to 36-35 B.C. and suggests that the mint may have been Zacynthus, a convenient port of call for vessels travelling to the East. Grant, in his study of the early Roman bronze (From Imperium to Auctoritas, pp. 43-45), is inclined to attribute the issues to Tarentum following the conference between Antony and Octavian held there in the spring of 37 B.C. In Sydenham's volume the coins are dated 87-36 B.C. and assigned to an Italian mint.

ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE

17 Grant (op. cit., pp. 102-110) argues that coins of this type must have been struck at various mints. Specimens have been found in widely-scattered sections of Asia Minor and the Balkans, including Greece; the excavations at Dura produced two pieces and those at Antioch fourteen (A. R. Bellinger, The Excavations at Dura-Europos, Final Report VI, The Coins, p. 189, No. 1354), while three were found at Pergamum (Reg- ling, Bliitt. f. Miinzfr., 1914, col. 5679).

29 The attribution to Tarraco is open to question. In a recent article (Am. Num. Soc. Museum Notes, IV, p. 3), C. H. V. Sutherland states "the work now being done at Oxford on the dies of Flavian sestertii of A.D. 70-71 has shown quite conclusively that the so-called coins of the Tarraco mint were actually struck at Rome."

36 IMP CAESAR DOMITIANVS AVG GERMANICVS Head laureate r. Rev. COS Xlil to left and right of Minerva advancing r., brandishing javelin and holding shield. (PLATE 1)

This form of the obverse legend is not given in either the BMC or the RIC listing.

51 This plated piece is a hybrid, possibly an ancient forgery. The reverse is that of BMC, III, p. 112, 565, while the obverse legend - IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC PM TR P COS VI PP - belongs to earlier issues of 112-117 A.D. (BMC, III, pp, 89-103).

58 Variant obverse with bust laureate r. as Cohen, II, p. 57, 368,

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


61 One coin has the prow symbol r.; the other is without it.

66 Mattingly suggests (BMC, III, p. eviii) that the mint may have been Cyprus with Antioch as another possibility. Bellinger (Dura, VI, p. 140, No. 1363) points out, however, that Trajan's other coinage from both mints has Greek inscriptions. The case for Antioch is strengthened by the fact that seventeen specimens of this type were found there (Dorothy B. Waage, Antioch on-the-Orontes, IV, part two, Greek, Roman, Byzantine and Crusaders' Coins, p. 94, Nos. 1016f.).

69 Variant reverse with globe in exergue as BMC, III, p. 287, note 372.

82 Variant obverse with bust laureate, draped, cuirassed r. as Cohen, II, p. 202, 1154.

83 Variant obverse with bust laureate r., drapery on 1. shoulder as BMC, III, p. 425, note 1268.

90 With excavation coins it is often impossible to distinguish the dupondius from the As when the obverse has no radiate crown and the primary distinction is one of weight. In any event since no weights are available for the Agora bronze, I am unable even to attempt a separation of the two denominations for this period.

93 Variant obverse with head laureate r. as BMC, III, p. 504, note 1693.

95 Variant obverse with bust draped r., head bare as Cohen, II, p. 176, 827.

98 This worn obverse seems to be a variant with bust draped r., head bare (confirmed).

99 Variant obverse with drapery on 1. shoulder as BMC, III, p. 475, note 1549.

100 Variant obverse with head laureate r. as BMC, III, p. 475, note 1552.

108 The legends are badly worn but the types seem to be those of Cohen, II, p. 349, 801.

111 Variant obverse with head laureate 1. as Cohen, II, p. 328, 590.

114 One coin has a variant obverse with head radiate 1. as Cohen, II, p. 309, 403.

122 The obverse legend is almost illegible. The coin may belong to the issue of 158-159 A.D. as BMC, IV, pp. 354f., 2075-2077.

128 Variant reverse with no box visible as Cohen, II, p. 432, 249.

131 DIVA FAVSTI NA Bust of Faustina I draped r. Rev. AETERNITAS SC Juno, veiled and draped, standing front with head left, r. arm raised and 1. arm lowered. (PLATE 1)

The Agora coin is identical with the reference except that the reverse shows no trace of the sceptre which Juno holds in her left hand. It seems likely that this represents an error on the part of the die-cutter. There is an As type with the AETERNITAS SC legend and a female figure (Juno?) standing with right arm raised and left arm close to her side (BMC, IV, p. 247, 1542), but the representation on the Agora coin is much closer to that of the sestertius type with sceptre attribute.

136 DIVA FAVSTINA Bust of Faustina I draped r. Rev. IVNO[NI RE]GINAE Juno seated 1. on throne with high back, holding patera in extended r. hand and long sceptre in 1.; at feet, peacock. (PLATE 1)

This is a hybrid, probably an ancient forgery. The obverse of Faustina I is coupled with a reverse of Faustina II (of. BMC, IV, p. 401, 122-124) where, however, Juno is on a low seat. The style of the Agora coin and the weight (2 grams), which is light even with allowance for corrosion, indicate an irregular issue.

141 Variant obverse legend with AVREL as Cohen, III, p. 85, 878.

148 The ending of the obverse legend is vague. The coin may belong to the earlier issue of 172-178 A.D. (BMC, IV, p. 627, 1437).

151 The obverse legend may end TR P XXXII, as BMC, IV, p. 674, 1676, in which case the date is 177-178

A.D,

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

COMMENTARY 89

172 IMP CAESAR L AVRELIVS VERVS AVG Bust draped and cuirassed r., head bare. Rev. FELl TEMP COS II SC Felicitas standing 1., holding caduceus and cornucopiae. (PLATE 1)

With respect to obverse type and both obverse and reverse legends, this piece is a variant of the BMC reference. Unfortunately its condition precludes satisfactory reproduction, but the coin has been rechecked and a cast of it bears out the readings given above.

174 Variant obverse legend with AVREL as Cohen, III, p. 194, 257.

176 The reverse legend is somewhat uncertain. The coin may belong to the issue of 168-169 A.D. with TR POT VIIII IMP V COS III SC (as BMC, IV, p. 608,*).

192 The coin is in poor condition; this seems to be the reverse legend and type.

193 On this worn reverse the legend may read IVNO REGINA SC as RIC, III, p. 443, 682. The same type occurs with both legends.

200 All trace of silver has disappeared from this plated coin. Due to breaks in the flan, the legends are fragmentary. The space seems right for the reverse form given in the catalogue, but it is possible that the original reading was PM TR P XVll COS IIl PP (as BMC, V, p. 357, 6f.), in which case the coin was struck in 209 A.D.

201 The obverse legend fades at the end. The issue may be that of 194-195 A.D. with L SEPT SEV PERT AVG IMP 1111, as BMC, V, p. 129, 514f.

202 This seems to be the correct reverse legend and type, but the coin is in poor condition.

207 The reverse legend is worn but is probably this reading rather than IVNO SC as on No. 206.

210 The reverse inscription is worn but is probably this reading.

216 The Agora coin has a variant obverse with radiate bust draped r., as BMC, V, p. 455, note 126.

218 ANTONINVS ........... G Bust radiate and draped r. Rev. PM TR P XV!! CO [S 1111 PP] Sol radiate standing 1., raising r. hand and holding globe.

This coin, if correctly deciphered, is probably an ancient forgery. It has been rechecked but is too broken and corroded for reproduction. A similar coin is listed in RIC, IV1, p. 246, 245 (after Cohen, IV, p. 169, 243) but with the obverse legend ANTONINVS PIVS AVG GERM. In citing this coin in the BMC, Mattingly remarks that its reverse legend belongs to 214 A.D. whereas the regular issue of double denarii only begins in 215 A.D. The Agora specimen is all the stranger in that its obverse legend, which presumably is AN- TONI NVS PIVS FEL AVG since the G ending has been confirmed, dates back to a still earlier period.

226 Since the coin is not available, it is impossible to tell whether it should be attributed to Rome, as listed, or whether it belongs to an issue with the same types and legends assigned on the basis of style to an Eastern mint, possibly Antioch (BMC, V, p. 586, 338f.).

227 The Agora piece varies slightly in that the laureate bust r. seems to be draped and seen from the front; in the reverse field there is no star (confirmed).

229 The chronological arrangement of the coinage from Severus Alexander to Pupienus follows Pink, "Der Aufbau der r6mischen Miinzprigung in der Kaiserzeit", Num. Zeit., 1935, pp. 12-34.

249 This issue is one of those assigned to Antioch in the RIC listing, with reference made in the introductory text (p. 62, note *) to Pink's theory that the Eastern issues are not those of a regular mint but the work of a company of forgers or a revolutionary party in the East (Num. Zeit., 1935, p. 14). Bellinger (Dura, VI, pp. 131f., Nos. 1162-1167) summarizes Pink's argument and states his objections to it.

250 IMP ALEXANDER PIVS AVG Bust laureate, draped r. Rev. VENVS CEL Female figure seated 1., holding cornucopiae and extending right hand to child at her feet. (PLATE 1)

This would certainly seem to be a forgery. The obverse of Severus Alexander is coupled with a corrupt form of the VENVS CAELESTIS legend of Julia Soaemias. The reverse type, however, is that of Fecunditas rather

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


than Venus. This combination of types together with the abbreviated and misspelled legend is most peculiar, suggesting an imitation, but the coin does not look particularly barbaric. There is a hybrid, a base denarius, listed in the RIC, IV,, p. 94, 808, which pairs an Alexander obverse with the usual VENVS CAELESTIS reverse of Soaemias.

293 On one of these coins the obverse legend reads FELIX instead of FEL as RIC, IV,, p. 48, note 297.

305-308 The distinction between the two mints, in the case of Nos. 305, 307f., is a stylistic one- a classification which I am unable to make. No. 306 is one of a group of coins segregated in the RIC volume as irregular issues, possibly of Eastern origin or the work of ancient forgers.

309f. These two pieces are classified as hybrids in the RIC listing. The first has a reverse of Gordian not paired with the usual obverse; the second has a reverse of Philip I. Mattingly suggests that such irregular issues may be the products of forgers.

325 IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG Bust radiate, cuirassed 1. Rev. AEQVITAS AVG Aequitas standing 1. with cornucopiae and scales. (PLATE 1)

The reverse legend with AVG instead of AVGG is given in Cohen, V, p. 95, 8, but Mattingly states that the single G is an error. Bellinger (Dura, VI, p. 56, No. 1249) lists two specimens from the excavations, both with AEQVITAS AVG but with obverse bust radiate r.

328 This is listed as a hybrid in RIC, the reverse not paired with the right obverse.

334 A hybrid, according to Mattingly, since the reverse is not coupled with the right obverse.

358f. In Berytus, VIII, 1943, pp. 61-64 and inDura, VI, p. 137, Nos. 1267-1304, Bellinger discusses the transfer of the mint from Antioch to Emisa in 252-253 A.D. Since the Agora coins are not at hand for further study, I cannot distinguish between the two mints on grounds of style. It would seem more likely that Athens drew her supply of coinage from Antioch.

364 An issue at Milan is identical in types and legends (RIC, IV,, p. 181, 205).

368 fi. The coinage of Valerian and his family presents numerous problems in mint attribution and chronology which are of particular pertinence for this tabulation because of the large number of Gallienus pieces found in the Agora. The fundamental catalogues for the period are those of Otto Voetter (Num. Zeit., 1900, pp. 117-147 and 1901, pp. 73-110) and Percy Webb (Roman Imperial Coinage, Vol. V, part 1, 1927). Since the RIC volume appeared, considerable work has been done on individual mints by Alf6ldi, Elmer and others, but there had been no recent attempt at a systematic treatment of the entire coinage prior to the publication by Robert Gobl of another section of the Vienna "Aufbau" series covering the years of the joint reign, 253-260 A.D. (Num. Zeit., 1951, pp. 8-45). A study of the 260-268 A.D. period by the same author is now in progress.

It has been very difficult to decide how to list the Agora coins. Many of the special studies have made changes in mint attributions and dates which render the RIC catalogue somewhat out-of-date. However, in certain instances the form in which the new material is presented - sometimes with little or no illustration - together with the fact that some of the articles appear in comparatively inaccessible periodicals detract from their usefulness as general reference works.

The overwhelming majority of the Agora coins belong to the sole reign of Gallienus and were struck at Rome and in Asia. For Rome there has been no recent effort to fix the chronology of the later issues, and in view of GSbl's forthcoming publication, it would seem pointless to go back to Voetter's work of 1900 for more restricted datings than the general 260-268 A.D. classification. It should be noted that for the joint reign, G6bl's dates are in most cases slightly different from those of the RIC, being generally a year later.

For the Asia mints we are fortunate in having two studies by Andreas Alfoldi ("Die Hauptereignisse der Jahre 253-261 n. Chr. im Orient im Spiegel der Miinzprigung" in Berytus, IV, 1937, pp. 41-68 and "Die romische Miinzpr~igung und die historischen Ereignisse im Osten zwischen 260 und 270 n. Chr." in Berytus, V, 1938, pp. 47-91). These works, based on a hoard of antoniniani from northern Syria, have placed the issues of the Asia mints on a firm foundation, reattributing some of the pieces assigned by Webb to Moesia and dividing the RIC Asia category into the emissions of three separate mints. For the Asia coinage, therefore, the dates and references are those of Alfbldi's publications, with pages and numbers cited for Berytus, V and plates for Berytus, IV since the form of the latter work makes reference to the text difficult.

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

COMMENTARY 91

With the exception of this group of Asia mints, it has seemed best to use the RIC references and to avoid confusion by following the mint attributions and datings therein given. Some of the emendations proposed by later writers have been indicated in the course of the commentary; for a more complete listing of the literature of this coinage, the reader should consult G6bl (op. cit., p. 10).

376-378 G6bl dates the first emission of the Milan mint to 259-260 A.D. and includes none of these types in it. CONCORDIA MILIT he assigns to Rome, 253-254 A.D.; SALVS AVGG (type of RIC, V1, p. 57, 252) to Viminacium, 257 A.D.; SECVRIT PERPET to Cologne, 258 A.D.

379-388 The dates given by G6bl for the issues of the two Asia mints are more closely defined than those of Alf61ldi. Bellinger ("The Numismatic Evidence from Dura", Berytus, VIII, 1943, pp. 65-67) gives his reasons for dating the first emission at Antioch from 253 A.D. He also suggests 254 A.D. as the opening year for the second Asia mint.

The location of this second mint in Asia is an interesting problem. Alf6ldi, rejecting the earlier suggestion of Voetter that it might have been situated at Cyzicus or Tripolis, argues for its establishment at Samosata and in this attribution he is followed by Gobl. Bellinger, citing historical evidence which makes that location impossible, would place it at Emisa. Of 245 coins of Valerian from the Dura Excavations, 43 belong to this second Asia mint, which proportion certainly seems too high for the identification of the issuing mint as Cyzicus. However, of the 38 coins of Valerian from the Agora, 12 were struck by this mint, as contrasted with 8 from Antioch. Assuming that these proportions bear a reasonably close relationship to the money originally in circulation, it seems strange that a mint as remote as Emisa should have been supplying Athens with one-third of her coinage during the reign of Valerian. Were one considering the Agora coins alone, Cyzicus would appear to be a suitable location for the mint in question, particularly since it was operating a few years later under Claudius II. Mattingly, in fact, suggests that Cyzicus was functioning during the last years of Gallienus (Num. Chron., Ser. 5, XVI, 1936, p. 108). Possibly a further argument for Cyzicus is provided by the Antioch Excavation figures where the coins of the second Asia mint outnumber those of Antioch, which leads Mrs. Waage to question Alf6ldi's attributions (Antioch, IV, ii, pp. 101f.). The significant circumstance is that later, under Diocletian and his associates, more coins of Cyzicus than of Antioch itself were found in the excavations. Whatever the final answer, it seems to me that the Agora finds must be taken into consideration as indicating a mint nearer Athens than either Emisa or Samosata.

397 The mint mark on one coin is (confirmed), not listed in RIC for this type.

401 The same type was struck at Siscia, RIC, V1, p. 181, 565.

403 Milan also issued this type with the PI mint mark of our coins, RIC, V1, p. 172, 474.

406 One coin is a variant: Gallienus' head is radiate r., Fortuna's rudder rests on a globe, and the mint mark is Jj (confirmed).

413 Some of these coins may belong to Milan as RIC, V1, p. 173, 489. The mint marks are recorded as

_

(3), P(1), + (1).

417 Siscia has the same type also without mint mark, _, RIG, VA, p. 182, 577.

423 Some of this group of Agora coins may have been struck at Siscia, cf. RIC, V1, p. 183, 585. The obverse is uniformly GALLIENVS AVG with a radiate head r. On four reverses Uberitas is represented with purse and cornucopiae, on seven with grapes and cornucopiae. The obverse type and legend is given only for Siscia in the RIC listing; the reverse type with purse is assigned to Rome and that with grapes to Siscia. However, five of the Agora coins with grapes and one with purse have the Rome mint mark, J; the remainder havej[. It seems likely that at least nine of the Agora pieces belong to Rome.

426 No mint mark is specified in RIG; our coin is recorded as having Z .

429 Milan has the same type, RIC, Vr,

p. 177, 534. All three coins have --

430 Both coins have the obverse legend GALLIENVS AVG (confirmed). This is not given in the RIC listing.

431 Gohl attributes this issue to Viminacium in 257 A.D. Nos. 432/. are not included in his compilation for the joint reign.

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


432 This coin presents a variant obverse with the bust radiate, draped 1. (PLATE 1).

434 In an article "The Reckoning by the Regnal Years and Victories of Valerian and Gallienus" (Jour. Rom. Studies, XXX, 1940, p. 4), AlfSldi dates this issue to 266 A.D., the VII referring not to the tribunician power but to the imperial consulship.

445 This is a 258 A.D. issue of Cologne according to G6bl. 446-456 In his study of the mint of Siscia under Gallienus ("Siscia", Num. Kiz., 1927/8, pp. 14-58), Alf6ldi divides the issues into three periods. According to his classification our Nos. 446-448 were struck c. 261-263 A.D.; No. 449 c. 264-268 A.D.; Nos. 450f. c. 267-268 A.D. No. 452 he attributes to the mint of Rome; No. 453 to either Rome or an uncertain Pannonian mint, possibly Sirmium; No. 454 to the same Pannonian mint. No. 456 is not listed among Alf61ldi's Siscia types, nor is No. 455 with the Sj and IS mint marks of our coins.

447 The same type is listed for Milan in RIC, V1, p. 174, 501. All pieces have _. 457-459 Alf8ldi attributes these types to an uncertain mint in Asia Minor, Ephesus being advanced as a possibility. Mattingly (Num. Chron., Ser. 5, XVI, 1936, p. 108) thinks it was probably Cyzicus.

The reverse legend on our No. 457 is blundered, AETERNTT instead of AETERNIT (PLATE 1).

463 This type with IMP GALLIENVS AVG, as listed in RIC, V1, p. 103, 437, is not given byAlf61di although it would seem to belong to the second emission at Antioch (Berytus, IV, p. 44, b). A cast confirms the identity of the Agora coin and the RIC reference.

477 The mint mark on one coin is uncertain.

501 GALLIENVS AVG Radiate, draped bust r. Rev. AETERNITATI AVG Sol standing 1., raising r. hand and holding globe in 1. Crescent in 1. field. (PLATE 1)

This type with the crescent in the left field is given by neither Webb nor Alf6ldi. It belongs with the latter's sixth emission at Antioch, as recorded on p. 56 of Berytus, V, and is another example of the final stage of the "star" striking.

516 GALLIENVS AVG Head radiate r. Rev. LAETITIA AVGG Laetitia standing 1. with wreath and anchor. (PLATE 1)

Apparently this is an addition to the list of hybrids cited in RIC, V1, p. 160, which combine an obverse of the sole reign with a reverse of the joint reign.

517 Gobl attributes this issue to Milan, 259-260 A.D.

533-536 According to AlfSldi's classification ("Siscia", Num. KSz., 1927/8), our No. 533 should presumably be dated c. 264-266 A.D. although the mint markings given by Alf6ldi are not identical with those of the RIC reference. No. 534 belongs to the period c. 267-268 A.D. No. 535 is not listed by Alf5ldi

for Siscia nor is No.536. The latter type with PI L or PIll is attributed to an uncertain mint near Siscia, possibly Sirmium.

546 This type, listed in the RIC for Asia, is not included in Alfoldi's two Berytus studies. The exact type is not given by GSbl but a somewhat similar one is attributed by him to Cologne, 259-260 A.D.

558 Alf6ldi (Num. Chron., Ser. 5, IX, 1929, pp. 261f.) places Postumus' accession in 260 A.D.; Mattingly (Num. Chron., Ser. 5, XVI, 1936, pp. 94f.) follows Webb in dating it 259 A.D.

568f. The attribution in the RIC volume is to Cyzicus.

572 Webb assigns this type to Rome (RIC, V1, p. 212, 14).

573 One of these coins has an overstruck obverse. DIVO CLAV[ Radiate head r. Rev. CONSECRATIO Eagle 1., head r. (PLATE 2)

On the obverse the beginning of the reverse legend CONSEC.. runs around from the second V of DIVO CLAV across the emperor's neck, and there are faint traces of the reverse eagle on the head of Claudius. This rather strange example of overstriking may represent an attempt on the mint workman's part to

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

COMMENTARY 98

strengthen the ending of the obverse legend (the concluding DIO has left no trace on the coin). By some accident the reverse die instead of the obverse one was used for this second impression.

574 These four coins are in poor condition. One has the mint mark -, which indicates Milan according to Webb; on the others only the reverse type is visible.

579 This type with the J mint mark of our coins is also listed under Milan, as RIG, V1, p. 281, 146.

581 One of the two coins with the page 272, 62 reference may belong to Milan as RIG, V1, p. 280, 137.

592 Any or all of the pieces with the reference to page 288, 215 may be issues of Rome (cf. RIC, V1, p. 271, 59); one coin with the reference to page 288, 216 has the same mint mark as the Rome striking of RIC, V2, p. 271, 60.

595 One coin has a variant obverse: bust radiate and cuirassed 1. with spear and shield (confirmed).

600 For one coin the striking mint may be Rome as RIG, YV, p. 271, 59.

605 One specimen has a variant obverse legend: IMP AVRELIANVS AVG (confirmed).

612 This type with the mint mark 4-, which is found on one of the Agora coins, is listed in the RIC volume

for Serdica (p. 294, 260) and Milan (p. 279, 129) as well as for Cyzicus.

613 Rome is a possibility for one coin (cf. RIC, V1, p. 271, 53).

614 One coin, otherwise corresponding to RIC, V1, p. 304, 349, has a variant obverse legend and a mint mark not included in the listing of Webb.

IMP C AVRELIANVS AVG Bust radiate and cuirassed r. Rev. RESTITVTOR ORBIS Female figure standing r. presenting wreath to Aurelian standing 1. and

holding spear; between them, suppliant kneeling figure. Mint mark *

(PLATE 2) 648 IMP C M ANN FLORIANVS AVG Bust radiate and cuirassed r.

Rev. VICTORIA PERPETVA AVG Victory standing r. presenting wreath to Florian standing 1. and

holding sceptre. Mint mark * KA " (PLATE 2)

Webb does not list this reverse legend for Florian but he does include it for Tacitus (RIGC, V1, p. 346, 201-203) with the same Serdica mint mark.

650 Pink attributes this type with the mint mark of our coin to Rome rather than to Siscia which is XXIA the mint of the RIC reference.

For the coinage of Probus the RIC references have been retained but the dates and attributions are those of Pink's recent work ("Der Aufbau der ramischen Miinzpraigung in der Kaiserzeit: VI/I Probus," Num. Zeit., 1949, pp. 13-74).

655 The poorly preserved obverse inscription seems to read IMP PROBVS PF AVG (confirmed). This is not given in the RIC listing but is recorded by Pink (op. cit., p. 58).

657 On this coin the mint mark is (confirmed). Cf. RIG, V2, p. 87, 187 for RV and Num. Zeit. 1949,

p. 59for-L. RVA

691 The mint mark (confirmed) is not listed in the RIC for this Salus type. It does occur in Pink

with the SALVS AVG legend - dated to 280 A.D. - but the type there is Salus standing r., not seated 1. as on our coin.

693 Two coins with j (RIC, VY2, p. 29, 101) are attributed by Webb to Lyons. A third coin, otherwise like RIC, V2, p. 113, 869, has the variant obverse legend PERPETVO IMP PROBO P AVG, listed by Pink as occurring at Serdica.

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


696 According to Webb the mint marks on three of these coins are also found at Siscia in combination with the CLEMENTIA TEMP type. Pink, however, attributes all of them to Cyzicus.

727 No trace of the silver wash remains.

The coinage of the 1st Tetrarchy, like that of Valerian and his family, presents a reference problem. Webb's Roman Imperial Coinage deals only with the pre-reform issues; for that period the RIC references and dates have been used. The later coinage is treated by Voetter in his catalogue of the Paul Gerin Collection (Die Miinzen der riimischen Kaiser, Kaiserinnen und Caesaren von Diocletianus bis Romulus, Vienna, 1921) and in a series of articles in the Numismatische Zeitschrift for 1911, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1923 and 1925. The dates for this post-reform period are those of Voetter if I have cortectly understood his chronological divisions as indicated in the publications cited above. One deviation of which I am conscious is in respect to the beginning of the new reform coinage. Voetter believes that it started earlier in some mints than in others, but his special studies in the Zeitschrift do not include all mints represented at the Agora. Rather than present an unbalanced picture, I have preferred to retain the general 296 A.D. dating for the inauguration of the reform issues throughout the empire.

The bulk of the Agora money for the Tetrarchy period consists of CONCORDIA MILITVM pieces. A few are antoniniani of the pre-reform series with the mark of value, XXI, in the exergue; many more belong to an almost identical bronze issue with mint letters above the exergual line but no mark of value below. This new AE denomination is described as a three-scruple piece by L. C. West ("The Coinage of Diocletian and the Edict on Prices", Studies in Roman Economic and Social History, Princeton, 1951, pp. 290-802).

738 CONCORDIA MILITVM pieces with the K mint mark of Cyzicus have turned up in quantity in the Antioch Excavations (Nos. 1307, 1819, 1826, 1334). Since they are more numerous than the issues of the same type attributed to Antioch, Mrs. Waage remarks "The large number of these coins found at Antioch casts considerable doubt on Cyzicus as the mint."

In this connection, however, the finds at Athens should be taken into consideration. The coin totals for Diocletian and his colleagues from both sites are closely comparable, and the amount of CONCORDIA MILITVM money is also about the same:

AGORA ANTIOCH all coins CM issues with K all coins CM issues with K

Diocletian 72 25 92 25 Maximian 108 71 98 58 Constantius Chlorus 22 11 25 17 Galerius 51 84 37 19

It seems to me that the figures from the two excavations suggest only that Cyzicus was the major supply mint at this period.

764 MAXIMIANVS NOB CAES Head laureate r. Rev. FELIX ADVENT AVGG NN Africa with elephant head-dress standing 1., holding standard and

elephant tusk; at her feet, crouching lion (vague). PKA

(PLATE 2) The date, 296-297 A.D., is that suggested by Elmer ("Die Priigungen des staatlichen r6mischen Miinzamtes in Karthago", Num. Zeit., 1932, pp. 24-26). He believes that this was the first issue struck after the arrival of Maximian Herculeus in Carthage and the organization of the mint there.

797 One coin has a wreath in the left field, as Cohen, VII, p. 200, 112, instead of the palm described by

Maurice. - (confirmed). SMN

810 It was first thought that these two specimens were struck at Nicomedia, a mint not included in Maurice among those issuing this type for Licinius II. A cast of one coin was forwarded from Athens and it seems to

me that the blurred mint mark is more likely L than L In all probability the same is true of

SMHF SMN" the second coin which has not been reexamined.

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

COMMENTARY 95

814 Maurice does not list PROVIDENTIAE CAESS for Licinius II at Antioch. Our mint mark, though

somewhat corroded, seems to be

----.

Cf. Maurice III, p. 188, V for an Antioch issue of Crispus with this ANTA

same type.

818 One of these coins has an uncertain mint mark. It was originally recorded as R, which seems AQEr'

impossible. From the cast the only letters which are absolutely certain are the S in the right field and the Q

in the exergue. I think it is probably R_

with the faint markings following the RQ due either to corrosion

or to restriking.

823 On one specimen Sol is advancing 1. and the mint mark reads OT (confirmed), not given in Maurice.

826 The mint marks, although vague, seem to be those of Treves.

829 In the exergue of the Agora coin there are two captives back to back between the letters P and L. This form of the mint mark is given in Maurice but not associated with the VICTORIAE type.

830 This piece corresponds to the reference except that the mint mark is P (confirmed). In Maurice the

initial star is listed only for later emissions.

832 The mint mark was originally read as but the type is not given in Maurice for Rome, nor does

Rome apparently use this combination. Judging from the cast, the reading could well be P--,

representing a slight variation of the Arles mint markings listed by Maurice.

833 The exergue marking is I (confirmed). A similar reading without an officina letter before the CONST

mint name is illustrated on Pl. VI, 23 of Maurice, . CONSTA

835 One coin, type of Maurice, II, p. 336, V. 4, has I (confirmed).

839f. Although these posthumous types are not recorded by Maurice as having been struck at Siscia, our

mint marks have been confirmed as "--.

and an ASjS )SIS'

844 The reverse of our coin corresponds exactly to the Cohen reference, even to the mint mark TSrVI

(confirmed). Voetter also records the type for Thessalonica (Gerin, p. 33889, 21).

850f. Neither issue is listed in Maurice for Thessalonica but Miss Edwards (Corinth, VI, Coins, p. 94, 278)

has the VN MR type. On the Agora pieces the mint marks are for one Pietas specimen (confirmed)

and apparently T for the quadriga. TSA

866 This type is not in Maurice for Nicomedia but our specimen has -- (confirmed). *SMN"

869 On the Agora coin, which otherwise corresponds to Cohen, VII, p. 281, 462, the reverse legend reads in error PROVIDENTIA CAESS. The type is not included in Maurice for Nicomedia but our mint mark is

SMN (all confirmed but reproduction impossible).

870 One specimen, type of Maurice, III, p. 78, I. 1, has , not given in Maurice. ' SMNf*'

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


874 This issue is recorded by Maurice for Carthage (I, p. 353, III. 3) but not for Cyzicus. The Agora mint

mark has been confirmed as either or .L SMKA MKA

878 It is not certain that these two coins belong to Cyzicus; Maurice does not list the type at that mint.

One of our mint marks is recorded as SMK

One of our mint marks is recorded aSMKA (checked and probably correct); the other as SMKC (possible

but not certain).

886 The type is not in Maurice for Constantine I at Antioch. One piece has (confirmed); the other SANT

ANTA"

893 Maurice does not give this type for Alexandria and it is by no means certain that our coins belong

there. The mint marks are recorded as ALEA and SMAL. Both have been reexamined but the pieces are

in poor condition and certainty is impossible.

916 SALVS REIPVBLICAE is not listed by Maurice for Fausta at Cyzicus; the Agora coin has SMKE

(confirmed).

920 Cyzicus is not among the mints striking this type for Helen according to Maurice's listing. One of our

coins has been confirmed as reading SMKA SMKA"

923 The VRBS ROMA and CONSTANTINOPOLIS issues are attributed to the reigns of Constantine I and his sons. The beginning date for each type is that of Maurice, who indicates in the case of certain mints that the striking may have started in 330 rather than 333 A.D. With respect to the GLORIA EXERCITVS issues, it seems likely that they stopped in 340 A.D. when Constantius II and Constans ceased to use this type on their regnal coinages.

931 This type is not given by Maurice for Nicomedia but a similar piece is listed by Voetter (Gerin, p. 193,3).

One Agora specimen has SMNO (confirmed).

937 Our mint mark is (confirmed). Cf. No. 833 above for a similar reading illustrated in Maurice. CONST

942 Although not in Maurice, the type is given by Voetter for Heraclea (Gerin, p. 119, 8). The mint mark on the Agora specimen is (confirmed).

SMHF

945 Maurice does not list this type for Constantinople but he does give a similar hybrid piece under Rome

(I, p. 258, II). (confirmed). CONSJA

959 Only VICTORIAE LAET PRINC PERP is given by Maurice for Arles but Voetter (Gerin, p. 86, 16) has

the LAETAE form with a mint mark differing from our T*4A

(confirmed).

964 This type is not included under Thessalonica by Maurice. The Agora coin has _

(confirmed) and

corresponds exactly to Cohen, VII, p. 841, 19.

973 The Cohen reference lists the type as AE4 but the Agora piece is AE3. Our mint mark seems to read

COS (confirmed), a form not given in Maurice for either Constantinople or Arles.

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

COMMENTARY 97

992 One coin has a variant obverse: head laureate r. (confirmed). This corresponds to Cohen, VII, p. 369, 88, but is not in Maurice.

997 In his study of the brief reign of Constantine II ("Constantinus junior als Augustus", Num. Zeit., 1909, p. 14), Voetter assigns to that emperor certain issues which Cohen lists under Constantine I. The numbers pertinent to this tabulation are Cohen 244-249 and 252f., all with the GLORIA EXERCITVS reverse. Voetter's re-attributions, based on size and legend forms, seem to me to gain strong confirmation from the fact that unless some or all of these issues are assigned to Constantine II, there is not a single coin in the Agora dating to the three year period when he was Augustus.

1029 For the coinages of Constantius II and Constans after 337 A.D., the restricted dates are those suggested by Voetter (Num. Zeit., 1909, pp. 1-14) and by Mattingly (Num. Chron., Ser. 5, XIII, 1933, pp. 182-202 and Ser. 6, VI, 1946, pp. 115f.). Voetter regards the VOT XX MVLT XXX of Constantius II, the VOT XV MVLT XX of Constans and also the latter's hybrid VOT XX MVLT XXX as contemporary issues starting in 343 A.D. Mattingly believes that the sons of Constantine continued their father's GLORIA EXERCITVS (one standard) type down to 340 A.D. After the death of Constantine II, the VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN reverse was initiated by Constantius and Constans and remained in use at least until 345 and perhaps as late as 348 A.D. At that time, i. e. 348 A.D., the various FEL TEMP REPARATIO types were introduced in celebration of the 1,100th anniversary of Rome. With respect to these last issues I am somewhat uncertain as to Mattingly's exact chronology. In speaking of the FEL TEMP REPARATIO type with a warrior spearing a fallen horseman, he suggests that the "PB" denomination was probably later than the "MB". In the course of the same article the abandonment of the AE2 coinage is linked with the downfall of Magnentius, but in the Chronicle study of 1946, a later date, c. 356 A.D., is given for the breakdown of Constantius' reform in the empire at large, at which time the "centenionalis" - the AE2 coin - was demonetized and only the smaller AE3 piece remained in circulation.

I do not believe that Mattingly is implying that there was any considerable interval between the first emissions of the FEL TEMP REPARATIO denominations. There is in the Agora a fair representation of the smaller "fallen horseman" issue of Constans which suggests that it was struck for some little time prior to 350 A.D. As to the termination of the AE2 coinage, I should prefer Mattingly's earlier date, c. 353 A.D., in view of the proportions in the Agora of the FEL TEMP REPARATIO issues of Constantius: roughly 60 of the larger coins to over 900 of the smaller.

No chronological restriction has been attempted for SPES REIPVBLICE, SECVRITAS REIP, VICT AVG or VICTORIA AVGG. The second and third types are used only by Constantius II and Constans, not by Julian, which probably indicates they antedate 355 A.D. when Julian became Caesar. SPES REIPVBLICE and VIC- TORIA AVGG, found for all three emperors, may well cover most of the 337-363 A.D. period.

1060 The type is that of Cohen, VII, p. 446, 38, but the Agora piece is AE3 not AE2 (confirmed).

1108 Maurice does not give the mint mark form which occurs on our coin, (confirmed). SMANE 1137 DN CONSTANS AVG Bust diademed and draped r.

Rev. GLORIA EXERC[ITVS] Two soldiers with a single standard between them. SCONE

(PLATE 2) This is a variant of Cohen, VII, p. 313, 62, without the FL in the obverse legend.

1193 The obverse legend on the Agora coin reads FL DELMATIVS NOB CAES as Cohen, VII, p. 362, 6. Maurice gives DALMATIVS.

1197 This piece may be incorrectly attributed. The obverse is badly worn but the bare head with letter behind could be that of Magnentius. On the reverse AVG ET is visible in the legend and the type seems to be that of two Victories placing a wreath on a column.

1203 Two of the Agora coins correspond to Cohen, VIII, p. 33, 16 except that they are "PB" instead of

"MB". The same is true of the other specimens listed under a "cf. 16" reference: Nos. 1208, 1210, 1214.

1206 The Cohen reference (VIII, p. 36, 86) is "MB"; the two Agora pieces are "PB".

1219 Our coin has a variant ending for the obverse legend: NOB CS instead of the NOB C of the Cohen reference.

7

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


1226 In the case of one coin the obverse legend is too worn to permit an exact reference. It may, therefore, belong either to the 855-360 A.D. period, where it has been listed, or to the years following when Julian was Augustus. The same reservation applies to the SPES REIPVBLICE pieces from other mints which have the same "C. ?" reference.

1237 One Agora coin, with the usual FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse and the mint mark .

has an SMNS'

obverse bust draped r., head bare, and the variant legend: [FL] IVLIAN[VS NO]B CAESAR (all confirmed). On this particular piece the beginning of the inscription is uncertain but another coin of the same type, mint uncertain, has the confirmed reading: FL IVLIANVS NOB CAESAR (see No. 1252 below). It seems likely that the legend is the same in both cases.

1238 On one coin the obverse bust is draped r., head bare, and the legend reads DN IVLIANVS NOB CAESAR.

Although not in Cohen, this form is given by Voetter (Gerin, p. 198, 3), whose coin has the same I mint SMNE

mark of our piece. (PLATE 2).

1252 Two of these coins show the same variant obverse legend described under No. 1237 above (confirmed for one as FL IVLIANVS NOB CAESAR and very probably the same for the other).

1253 Three coins of this type have the bust draped r., head bare, and variant obverse legends. One reads DN IVLIANVS NOB CS; the other two, DN IVLIANVS NOB CAESAR and [DN IVLIANV]S NOB CAESAR (all three confirmed).

Since, on the evidence of the Agora coins, the CAESAR form of the obverse legend is peculiar to Nicomedia, it seems probable that the four pieces with illegible mint marks which show the same variation also belong to that mint.

1260 Cyzicus is not listed as one of the mints used by Jovian in Cohen, Voetter or Bernhart (Handbuch

zur Miinzkunde der ramischen Kaiserzeit). Our mint mark is SMKO (confirmed).

1268 One coin has a mint mark not given by Pearce: A

(confirmed). *SSISC A?

1271 The form of one mint mark is not in the RIC listing, (confirmed). SISCP

1297 On our coin the mint mark is 9 (confirmed), not in Pearce.

1299 The form of the mint mark,---I (confirmed), is not listed by Pearce. CS3MTRS

1301 One mint mark is A (confirmed); a second is recorded as . Neither officina is included

*FSISC *ASISC in the RIC reference.

1311 The silver wash has entirely disappeared from this coin which was apparently intended to pass as an

argenteus or a siliqua.

1330 This type is listed for Procopius in Pearce's earlier study of the late Roman period (The Roman Coinage from A.D. 364 to 423, reprinted from Spink's Numismatic Circular, 1931-1933), but it is not included in his RIC, IX catalogue. The three Agora coins are in poor condition so that certainty is impossible, but they seem to belong to Procopius.

1334 DN GRATIANVS PF AVG Bust diademed, draped and cuirassed r.

Rev. GLORIA ROMANORVM Roma seated facing on throne, holding globe and spear. AQPS (PLATE 2)

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

COMMENTARY 99

Although this specimen now retains no trace of silver, it is probable that it was once meant as a siliqua. The type is that ordinarily associated with VIRTVS ROMANORVM, but the GLORIA ROMANORVM legend of the Agora coin has been confirmed as certain. Pearce gives one example of this latter form for the mint of

Sirmium (?) in the RICG (IX, p. 160, 11), and another with I is cited by Cohen (VIII, p. 128, 18). Our LVGPS

coin indicates that Aquileia also put out the same type.

1394 The VICTORIA AVGGG type with two facing Victories is listed by Pearce for other mints but not

for Constantinople. On the Agora piece the mint mark is (confirmed). CONSA

1430 Pearce (Roman Coinage, p. 35) believes that the mint of Siscia operated until about 387 A.D., at which time it was dismantled and probably never re-opened. Although mentioning examples of later issues, such as SALVS REIPVBLICAE, listed in sales catalogues as having Siscia mint marks, he feels that they

should be disregarded until their attribution can be tested. The confirmed reading S

on this Agora coin

of Theodosius proves that Siscia was functioning after 387 A.D., if Pearce is right in dating the beginning of the SALVS REIPVBLICAE issue to 388 A.D. One specimen of the same type struck by Arcadius at Siscia was also found in the Agora (No. 1504).

1444 This type is listed in the RIC volume as having been struck at Constantinople by Valentinian II and Arcadius but not by Theodosius. It does, however, appear elsewhere for that emperor and it is reasonable

to suppose that Constantinople also issued the type. Our mint mark which seems to read C is perhaps

blundered for . CONF"

1448 VIRTVS AVGGG is not given by Pearce as one of the types put out at Constantinople for Theodosius.

The Agora coin has CCONSC (confirmed).

1497 The SALVS REIPVBLICAE type is not listed at any mint for Eugenius in the RIC catalogue, but Miss Edwards (Corinth, VI, p. 116, 680) has a specimen from the Corinth Excavations. On our piece the beginning of the obverse legend is preserved DN EVGE[ (confirmed).

1498 Pearce's new RIC volume ends with the death of Theodosius I in 395 A.D. Only the earlier issues of Arcadius and Honorius are included in it. One of these, SALVS REIPVBLICAE, must surely continue after 395 at most mints. From the Agora, one-half of the entire coinage of Arcadius and one-quarter of that of Honorius are of this Victory and captive type, which seems far too high a proportion for the comparatively brief period prior to 395 when the two were Augusti. I should be inclined to think that the SALVS REIPVBLICAE issue goes on at least until 400 and possibly down to 408 A.D. Theodosius II does not use the type, but it does reappear under Johannes and Valentinian III.

With the coins of Arcadius, Honorius and Theodosius II which date after 895 A.D., I have attempted a chronological arrangement based on the emperors using any given type, the type itself and the form of the reverse legend. In the case of some issues, such as those with the three emperors type or AVGGG in the reverse inscription, one feels fairly confident that they belong to 400-408 A.D., at which time Arcadius, Honorius and Theodosius were sharing the imperial power. Other issues, however, have no clear indication of date and with still others the evidence is confusing. CONCORDIA AVGG (Roma seated) and GLORIA ROMANORVM (two emperors with shields) appear under all three emperors. It is possible that the latter type was not issued during the 400-408 A.D. period, being struck first by Arcadius and Honorius and later, after Arcadius' death, by Honorius and Theodosius, but it seems more likely that it continued from c. 395 to 408 A.D. and was then replaced by the type with two emperors holding a globe. CONCORDIA AVGG is an AE8 denomination. This larger flan was not used extensively by Honorius and appears only sporadically under later emperors. Pearce (Roman Coinage, p. 106) remarks that although the AE3 piece was struck in reduced module up to the early years of Theodosius II, it had by 423 A.D. given way entirely to the AE4 denomination. I should doubt that any of the AE3 types represented at the Agora belong after the death of

7*

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


Arcadius, and it is quite possible that some of Honorius' large flan issues, such as the GLORIA ROMANORVM types with a single emperor, stopped even earlier. Needless to say, these datings are highly tentative, resting as they do upon surface criteria rather than any extensive study of the coinage as a whole.

1504 Our coin has the confirmed reading s .

As discussed above in connection with No.1430, the presence

in the Agora of SALVS REIPVBLICAE coins of Theodosius and Arcadius indicate that Siscia was operating after 387 A.D. It may well be, however, that the workshop functioned for only a short time thereafter. There are only two SALVS REIPVBLICAE pieces from Siscia as contrasted with large numbers from other mints.

1506 This VOT X MVLT XX type, although given for Arcadius at other mints, is not included by Pearce

among his Thessalonica issues. TES (confirmed).

1553 One coin has been restruck, but the earlier type is uncertain.

1580 Only Arcadius is listed by Pearce as having struck this type at Heraclea. One coin has been rechecked

and the mint mark confirmed as S

1581 The type is not in Pearce for any emperor at Heraclea. Both coins are in poor condition, but one mint

mark has been confirmed as . CSM3HA"

1607 DN HO[ Bust diademed, draped and cuirassed r.

Rev. VOT V in wreath. (broken)

(PLATE 2) This AE4 coin has a reverse commonly associated with Arcadius but not cited for Honorius by either Pearce or Cohen. Two individuals, working with the coin itself, read the beginning of the obverse legend as a clear DN HO. If this is indeed the case, some coins of the VOT V type must have been issued to mark Honorius' elevation to the rank of Augustus as had been done for Arcadius ten years earlier. From the cast which is reproduced, I am not sure that one can discount the possibility that the emperor is Theodosius I who is known to have used this reverse.

1623 The "cross in wreath" type without legend is listed in Pearce only for the mint of Cyzicus.

1624 Pearce does not give this issue for Theodosius II at Heraclea. Our mint mark has been confirmed as

SMHA'

1630 Although Theodosius is not recorded as having struck this type at Constantinople, the number of coins from the Agora leaves no doubt that there was an extensive emission from that mint.

1634 The mint mark on the Agora coin is (confirmed), but the type is not in Pearce for Theodosius

at Nicomedia. Miss Edwards, however, cites an example from that mint (Corinth, VI, p. 119, 740).

1636 Although not in Pearce for Nicomedia, the type is illustrated by Sabatier (P1. V, 19) with SMNA.

One of our pieces has N (confirmed).

1641 The mint mark in one case is - (confirmed), but the type is not in Pearce for Theodosius at ANTA

Antioch. However, Mrs. Waage records eight specimens from that mint (Antioch, IV, ii, p. 145, No. 1987).

1653 [DN VALENT]INIANVS P.F .AG

Bust diademed, draped and cuirassed r. Rev. VOT

XX in a wreath -

(PLATE 2)

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

COMMENTARY 101

Pearce cites two similar examples of this type for Valentinian III (Roman Coinage, Add. p. 107, 85 and

p. 108, 85). One has and the other R The Newell Collection of the American Numismatic Society

has a specimen with S.

1657 This type in bronze is given by neither Pearce nor Cohen for Valentinian III, but two specimens with illegible mint marks were found at Antioch. The obverse inscription on the Agora piece is clearly DN

VALENTINIAN[ and the reverse has the mint mark (all confirmed but reproduction is impossible).

Pearce (Roman Coinage, Add. p. 2, 78a) does cite a coin with the cross type and a SALVS REIPVBLICAE legend for Valentinian at the mint of Rome. Since Cyzicus produced the cross without legend issue in quantity for Theodosius II, it is not surprising to find an example of the same type for Valentinian from that mint.

1663 Neither Sabatier nor Bernhart lists Heraclea as one of Marcian's mints. Our pieces have SMH (one

confirmed).

1666 Antioch is not given as a mint of Marcian in Sabatier or Bernhart, but five coins with the Antiochene mint mark are listed by Mrs. Waage (Antioch, IV, ii, p. 146, Nos. 2023f.).

1672 One coin seems to have the beginning of a reverse legend: VICTO[ (confirmed). The mint mark may

be that of Antioch ICT

1677 Bust of Severus III diademed and draped r. (very obscure) Rev. Monogram of Ricimer: RiE (PLATE 2)

The identification of the monogram is that of Friedlaender (Die Miinzen der Ostgothen, Berlin, 1844, pp. 5 f.) The Berlin coin, of which he shows a line drawing, has the ending of an obverse inscription IRVS P A, referring to Libius Severus who reigned from 461 to 465 A.D. Ricimer, one of Avitus' generals, had been responsible for the downfall of that emperor and of his successor Majorian. It was to Ricimer that Severus owed the imperial throne and during the four years of his rule, the real power remained with the general. After Severus' death, perhaps at the hand of Ricimer, the latter reigned in all but name for the two year interregnum before the accession of Anthemius. The coinage with the head of Severus and the monogram of Ricimer may belong either to Severus' lifetime when Ricimer exercised virtual sovereignty or to the 465-467 interval before the elevation of Anthemius.

It is probable that the specimen with an uncertain monogram recorded by Cohen (VIII, p. 229, 18) is an

example of this same type.

1678 Although the form of the monogram is similar to that appearing on "Vandalic" coins (BMC, Vandals, p. 82, 123), it seems likely that the Agora piece belongs with Zeno's regular issues. The obverse inscription

reads DN ZENO AV (confirmed) and there is a mint mark which may be that of Thessalonica, -

"VANDALIC" COINAGE

1682 Of these 118 coins, 19 have R or RM in the exergue, sometimes with an officina mark in the left field (P, S, T or E). Another 32 have only the letter in the field (P, S, T, R or E).

In this catalogue all of the minimi with crudely rendered late Roman types have been grouped with the money of the Vandal and Ostrogoth kings under a general "Vandalic" classification. Since there is as yet no published study of this coinage superseding Wroth's work in the British Museum Catalogue of 1911, this seems the only feasible arrangement at the present time, but evidence now available indicates that the attribution of all of these issues to the Vandalic rulers of North Africa is not only dubious but quite impossible,

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


Wroth's conclusion that the money was struck in Africa was in large measure influenced by the circumstance that many specimens had been found in Africa, Sicily and Italy, with few recorded elsewhere. Since then "Vandalic" hoards have been discovered in Greece and the excavations at Athens and Corinth have produced these coins in quantity. One striking aspect of the excavation finds is the extent to which the "barbaric" pieces of certain emperors approximate or outnumber the imperial issues. A partial listing of the Corinthian and Athenian coins shows this disproportionate representation:

CORINTH (1896-1929) AGORA

Imperial "Barbaric" Imperial "Barbaric" Valentinian III 6 11 9 77 Marcian 9 6 107 134 Leo I 6 11 152 130 Zeno 0 5 2 47 Anastasius 7 9 81 243

Miss Edwards in discussing the 95 "Vandalic" coins from the Corinthian excavations (Corinth, VI, p. 11) rejects the attribution to North Africa and suggests that the money was issued by Alaric at abandoned Roman mints in the North and left by his Gothic followers after the sack of Corinth c. 395 A.D. For some of the coins found at Corinth this might be a possible explanation, but it would scarcely account for pieces with the types and legends of Marcian, Leo, Zeno, Anastasius and Justinian.

As regards the Agora coins, any connection with Alaric's invasion is even less likely. The Gothic king did enter Athens prior to his depredations in the Peloponnese, but apparently there was no resistance and no extensive destruction, due possibly to the payment of tribute by the Athenians. Moreover, this transitory occupation had no noticeable effect on the currency if one can judge by the numerous issues of Arcadius and Honorius which come from the excavations. Certainly it seems improbable that for nearly a century the bulk of the currency circulating in Athens was that of the northern barbarians rather than the official issues of Rome and Byzantium.

After the publication of the Corinth Catalogue, Miss Edwards worked further on the "Vandalic" coins, and I believe she concluded that many of them were imperial emissions originating in mints on the northern fringes of the Eastern Empire. This seems a much more plausible explanation, but one which perhaps does not go far enough.

Some of the coins from the Agora are named pieces of the Vandal and Ostrogoth kings, and others, of extremely crude style or with no known Roman prototypes - such as the issues with the palm tree type and those with strange monogram forms - may well be of barbaric origin. Such coins are comparatively rare. The bulk of the Agora money is in the imperial tradition, distinguishable from the standard coinage only in the crude rendering of the types and legends and in the absence or abbreviation of mint marks. Actually it is often difficult to decide whether an individual specimen belongs in a regular or irregular category, and this very uncertainty suggests the output of disorganized official mints rather than a barbaric coinage.

During the fifth and the early sixth centuries a state of political and economic chaos prevailed throughout the old Roman territories. Under a succession of weak rulers the empire was powerless against the barbarian tribes who pillaged at will and whose forays were usually terminated not by force but by tribute. For one brief interval during the reign of Valentinian III, the Vandals held Rome itself. Constantinople was repeatedly threatened and although the capital was never captured, the provinces suffered greatly. These recurrent crises brought the empire on more than one occasion close to economic collapse. In such circumstances the outlying mints, and perhaps to a lesser degree those of Rome and Constantinople, must have operated under almost impossible conditions, handicapped by inadequate supplies, disrupted communications and the lack of any strong central control. If their output was at times wretched in quality and execution, it would scarcely be surprising. It is even conceivable that during certain periods large communities without imperial mints, such as Athens and Corinth, were forced to set up makeshift workshops and turn out small bronzes in order to meet their most urgent monetary needs. The recovery of the lost provinces and the stabilization of conditions under Justinian would, for the first time since the reign of Theodosius I, have permitted a fundamental reorganization of the mints and a closer supervision of their activities. It was then that the "Vandalic" issues ceased.

1683 Six pieces have mint markings: q (2), -- (1), li (8).

1685 One coin has a clear ]CI AVG as the termination of the reverse legend and !S in the exergue.

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

COMMENTARY 103

1687 ] HEODV VSPFA[ Bust diademed and draped r. Rev. ]PVB [ Victory with trophy dragging captive 1.

(PLATE 2) This type is not listed by Wroth with the head of Theodosius I, but the Agora coin bears his portrait (cf.

BMC, P1. III, 23 for a very similar representation).

1688 On six specimens there are markings as follows: ' ' (onfirmed), (2), E. 1689 The SALVS REIPVBLICAE type is given by Wroth only with the bust of Valentinian III. Two of the Agora coins have a diademed and draped bust r. with DN LEO[ on one and ] LEO PF A[ visible on the other (both confirmed). The reverse representation seems to be that of Victory rather than the emperor (as BMC, p. 26, 63f.).

1690 This type, not in the BMC, is to be associated with the VICTORIA AVGG reverse used by Valenti- nian III.

1707 One specimen (BMC, p. 31, 118) has -K (confirmed).

1709 On one coin (illustrated on PLATE 2) the monogram seems to be an abbreviated and reversed version of the second Anastasius variety (BMC, p. 88, 135-138). As nearly as one can tell, the form is 1/. The obverse legend has three letters faintly visible, possibly ]AST[.

Another specimen with the standard Anastasius monogram has been struck over a "Vandalic" piece of the type of No. 1724.

Seventy-two of 684 Anastasius coins from Antioch are of this monogram type. In Mrs. Waage's publication (Antioch, IV, ii, p. 148, No. 2063) they are attributed on the basis of provenance to the local mint. The large number of specimens from the Agora and from Corinth indicates that the type was put out by various mints.

1710 In one case the monogram seems to correspond more nearly to that found on the imperial issues of Justinian (BMC, Byz., I, pp. 72f., 414-430), but the condition of the coin is such that one cannot be sure.

1711 Possibly a bust r. (very worn) Rev. kJcB (PLATE 2)

This silver piece has a monogram probably copied from the E coins of Justinian I (cf. BMC, Byz., I, P1. X, 15f.). What remains of the lettering to the right of the monogram would seem to be a blundered rendering of the termination of an obverse inscription.

1712 Bust diademed and draped r. (crude) Rev. V (PLATE 2)

Nothing like this is given in the BMC. Six coins of the same general type were found in the Agora. Three do not seem to have the lower broken bar of the monogram, and of these, two may have an A between the two upper loops.

1713 The Agora coin has what seems to be RD in a wreath. In the BMC there is a silver coinage attributed to the Ostrogothic king Witigis of which one type shows a separation of the two major letters of the monogram

R~E (P1. X, 5). Sabatier illustrates a similar piece (P1. XVIII, 85) which he regards as the coinage of Eraric, another Ostrogothic ruler. On the Sabatier plate the coin is marked AE but in the text it is classed with the silver issues. It may be that the Agora piece once had an S above and a C below the RD monogram, in which case it represents a bronze striking of Witigis or else was once a silver plated coin from which the coating has disappeared. Like No. 1714 its condition is too poor for reproduction.

BYZANTINE IMPERIAL COINAGE

1740ff. The earliest Byzantine bronze is undated. Although the BMC gives a careful breakdown of the officinae in use for each issue, there seems, for the purpose of this condensed tabulation, no particular need to identify the Agora coins in that detailed fashion. Accordingly inclusive references have been listed for the Anastasius- Justinian period.

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


In 588 A.D. Justinian I began to place his regnal years on some of the bronze denominations and this practice was followed by succeeding rulers. Some of these dates cannot be read on the Agora specimens but many of them are still visible. In cases where only a few years are involved, I have given the specific BMC references and a restricted dating as related to the pieces found in the Agora. For the most part, however, because of the number of coins and the limitations of space, I have used inclusive dates and references for the catalogue proper and have embodied in the commentary whatever information exists as to the exact years when individual coins were struck. With the money of Heraclius and Constans II, the quantity of coinage and its almost uniformly miserable condition have made virtually impossible any chronological or stylistic distinctions within any given issue. For those two emperors the references are inclusive ones.

In connection with the numerous instances of overstriking, the earlier type is identified by its number in this catalogue. This is intended only as a general type reference and does not imply that details of date and officina are identical. When the year of the earlier striking can be read, it has been mentioned in the commentary record.

1749 The Agora coin, otherwise corresponding to the Sabatier reference, has the officina mark S in the right field. Wroth does not list this type for Justin in the BMC, but a somewhat similar issue with a cross to the right of the E is attributed to the Ostrogothic king Theodoric (BMC, Vandals, p. 52, 37-40).

1750 b The legible dates are as follows: years 12 (2), 15 (1), 17 (3), 18 (1), 19 (2), 20 (1), 21 (2), 24 (1), 37 (1).

1752 Years 13 (1), 23 (1), 30 (2), 38 (1).

1753 Mrs. Waage (Antioch, IV, ii, p. 153, Nos. 2112-2116) attributes the second variety of this E coinage (BMC, I, p. 40, 146-159) to Antioch, and the number of pieces found in the excavations there would certainly seem to bear out her classification.

1754 Years 37 (6), 38 (1).

1755 Years 13 (1), 17 (1), 19 (1), 20 (1), 24 (1), 29 (1).

1756 Our specimen has XtL to the right (year 15).

1759 On the Agora coin the date is that of the reference but it is not reversed.

1760c Years 22 (2), 26 (1), 27 (1), 28 (1), 33 (2), 35 (2).

1765 Although not included in the Byzantine section of the BMC, this type and one following (No. 1767 a) are classified by Wroth in his later publication of the Vandal coinage as imperial issues struck for Justinian at Rome and Ravenna.

1767b Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust seen from the front, head r. Rev. * in wreath (PLATE 3)

I can find no exact parallel for this coin. Its reverse type is that of the larger denomination struck by Justinian at Ravenna (No. 1767a), which shows a facing head on the obverse. Tolstoi (Monnaies byzantines, P1. 26, 513) publishes a specimen from his collection with the monogram of Christ on the reverse, which is closely comparable to the Agora piece in size and in the rendering of the obverse bust. Our coin may be only an example of a faulty cutting of the monogram with the loop omitted. On the other hand it may represent a smaller denomination of the published *: type, in which case Wroth's suggestion that the indication of denomination, I, is embodied in the reverse type would be unlikely.

1770 One coin has O in front of the E, a variety not given in the BMC, but recorded by Mrs. Waage (An- tioch, IV, ii, p. 156, No. 2153).

It is interesting to note that over one-quarter of Justinian's coinage in the Agora consists of the 6 denomination with a monogram on the obverse. In discussing the mint issuing this type, Wroth (BMC, Byz., I, p. 72, note 2) comments on the irregular flans which resemble those of the smaller AE of Thessalonica but hesitates to make a definite attribution inasmuch as the 5 nummia denomination does not fit easily into the system of division predominating at that mint. It seems to me, however, that the Agora proportions furnish strong evidence for a striking at Thessalonica, certainly the most convenient source of supply for Athens and a mint which was providing the bulk of the city's coinage a few years later under Justin II.

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

COMMENTARY 105

On the other hand it should be noted that Mrs. Waage, who assigns the type to Justin II, reports 54 specimens from Antioch, which leads her to suggest a local origin. It may well be that the striking of this small denomination was not confined to any one mint.

1771 Years 4 (2), 5 (3), 6 (6), 7 (2), 8 (4), 10 (2), 11 (1), 12 (1).

1772 Years 3 (1), 4 (1), 8 (8), 10 (1).

1773a Years 2 (1), 8 (1), 4 (5).

1773b Years 4 (7), 5 (17), 6 (1), 7 (4), 8 (7), 9 (5), 10 (17), 11 (13), 12 (12), 13 (6). One coin has S (year 6) to the right, not given in the BMC. Another uses the form 411 for year 7, as BMC,

p. 85, note 2. Six pieces have been struck over an uncertain earlier type, one each of BMC, Nos. 105, 111, 113, 115, 119, 122.

1774 Years 3 (1), 4 (1), 6 (2), 8 (2), 9 (1), 10 (2).

1775 Years 6 (1), 8 (1). One coin (type of BMC, No. 161) has been restruck.

1776 Years 8 (1), 9 (1), 11 (1).

1777 Years 10 (2), 11 (1).

1778 Years 6 (1), 7 (1), 8 (1), 11 (1).

1782 Years 5 (1), 7 (2), 8 (1).

1785 Years 5 (5), 6 (2).

1789 Years 2 (1), 3 (1), 9 (2), 18 (1). One piece has u (year 18) with A below, a form not given in the II

BMC. Another (BMC, No. 32) has been struck over an issue of Tiberius II.

1790 Years 1 (1), 3 (2), 4 (1), 7 (1), 9 (1), 11 (1), 20 (1). Our coin of the year 20 has XX to the right and B below, as BMC, p. 137, note 2.

1791 Years 3 (1), 6 (2), 7 (1), 10 (4), 15 (1). 1794 This specimen is a restriking.

1795 Years 4 (4), 5 (2), 6 (3), 7 (1).

1796 Two have been restruck: one (BMC, No. 52) over No. 1789, the other (BMC, No. 49) over No. 1790, possibly year 7.

1797 One is a restriking.

1798 Under one specimen is an earlier K denomination.

1801 Year 5 (8). Two coins of this year are restrikes: one over an issue of Maurice Tiberius, the other over an uncertain earlier type.

1807 a Five restruck.

1807b Thirty-five restruck: one over Justin I (BMC, Nos. 64-66), two over Tiberius II (No. 1787), one over Maurice Tiberius, seven over Phocas (No. 1801 for six and No. 1805 for one), two over Heraclius (No. 1807b, probably year 3, and No. 1807c, year 10).

1807c Eight restruck: one over Justin II, one over Heraclius.

1808 Two are restrikings.

1809a Ten pieces have been restruck: six over Phocas (Nos. 1795, 1801, 1803 [2], 1805, and an XXXX coin of uncertain mint), one over Heraclius (No. 1807b).

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


1810 DN hERA[CL]IpS PP [AVG] Bust of Heraclius facing, wearing armour and helmet with plume and globus cr. In r., globus cr. Rev. XX with cross above, III to r., and TES in exergue. (PLATE 3)

The XX denomination is not recorded for Thessalonica in the BMC, Sabatier or Tolstoi. It is known for Heraclius at Carthage, Rome and Ravenna. On the Agora coin the form of the mint mark corresponds to that on the early K issues of Heraclius at Thessalonica as contrasted with OES which appears in 614-615 A.D.

A second specimen of this same type was found in the Agora; on it the date to the right is iI and the obverse legend survives as ]N hERA[.

1811 Three specimens have been restruck.

1812 b Five restruck: one over Justinian I, one over Justin II (No. 1778), one over Tiberius II (BMC, Nos. 87f.), one over Phocas (No. 1795, year 6).

1812 c Three restruck: one over Maurice Tiberius.

1813b One (type of BMC, No. 263) restruck.

1815 Philip Grierson discusses this issue and other similar ones in a recent article, "The Consular Coinage of 'Heraclius' and the Revolt against Phocas of 608-610" (Num. Chron., Ser. 6, X, 1950, pp. 71-93). His convincing thesis is that the Heraclius coins with consular legends and without any symbol of sovereignty associated with the obverse types belong not to the emperor Heraclius but to his father, the exarch of Africa, who was the moving spirit in a rebellion against Phocas which began in 608 and lasted until the son's accession two years later. In all likelihood, then, this Agora piece was struck in the name of the consul He- raclius between 608 and 610 A.D.

1817 a The obverse type is that cited in the BMC (p. 284) for an M denomination issued at Carthage.

1817c Four restruck: one over Tiberius II.

1818 a In publishing a hoard of 74 bronze coins of Constans II found at Soli (Nordisk Numismatisk Arsskrift, 1940, pp. 135-147), Alfred Westholm suggests that certain issues were struck in Cyprus at the mint of Con- stantia. The series in question are five in number:

1) M with KVlTP in exergue (BMC, pp. 222f., 269-274, attributed by Wroth to Heraclius. Not in the Soli Hoard but in an earlier Cyprus find)

2) M with KAN to left and CTAN to right (Our No. 1818f; five in the Soli Hoard) 3) M with CON in exergue (Our No. 1818d; one in the Soli Hoard) 4) M with CON in exergue (Our No. 1818e; four in the Soli Hoard) 5) M with two figures and CON in exergue (Our No. 1818i; not in the Soli Hoard but in the

earlier Cyprus find and presumably to be connected with Nos. 8-4)

It is not entirely clear to me whether or not Westholm believes that all of the Soli coins, with the exception of one Cyzicus piece, were minted in Cyprus, but I think he must be referring only to the types listed above. If this is the case, 10 of his 74 coins are, according to his theory, of local origin. In the Agora the same types are represented by 151 pieces: 68 of No. 2, 88 of No. 8, 40 of No. 4 and 5 of No. 5. This is nearly one-fifth of the 817 coins of Constans found in the Athens excavations.

While it does seem evident that the coinage of Constans and of other later Byzantine emperors should be divided among more mints than Wroth lists, I should hesitate to accept Cyprus as a major source of supply for Athens. On the surface at least, it also seems strange that during a relatively short time, the mint of Constantia should be using markings as diverse as KVTP, KCNCTAN and CON. There can be no question of the origin of the KVfTP pieces, whether one assigns them to Heraclius or to Constans, and one could perhaps make out a case for the attribution of the KL)NCTAN coins to Constantia since Cyprus apparently favored Greek letters and the unusual form and arrangement of the mint mark might reflect an attempt to distinguish the provincial workshop from that of Constantinople. I find it hard to believe, however, that CON on the bronze coinage was intended for any mint other than that of the imperial capital.

Westholm speaks of Arab raids on Cyprus during the reign of Constans as isolating the island from the rest of the Greek empire and thus fostering a local coinage. Such a situation would make it all the more difficult to explain how so much money from a Cyprus mint found its way to Athens.

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

COMMENTARY 107

Among the 119 coins of No. 1818 a there are a number which show deviations from the standard type, notably in the substitution of a K for the cross above the m and in variant renderings of the reverse inscription and numerals. The Agora pieces, however, are not as badly blundered as the coins cited in the BMC (p. 270, note 1) which Wroth thinks may be Syrian imitations.

Nearly one-quarter of the specimens of this first group (27 in all) are restrikes. Of the identifiable under- types, eight belong to Heraclius (No. 1807b for two, 1807c for four, BMC, Nos. 204f. for one) and three are issues of Constans. Of the latter, one is recorded as type No. 1818h, but it seems likely that in this case the first and second strikings have been confused unless No. 1818 a extends over a longer period or No. 1818h begins earlier than Wroth believes to be the case.

1818c Ten restruck: one over Heraclius (No. 1808) and one over Constans II.

1818 d Eleven restruck: two over Constans II. For one of these coins this is the third impression, the type having been struck over No. 1818a under which is No. 1807b, year 20, of Heraclius.

1818 e Five restruck: one over Heraclius.

1818f Five restruck: two over Heraclius (Nos. 1807b and 1812c).

1818g Nine restruck: four over Constans II (No. 1818a for one, No. 1818c for one and No. 1818h for one, which last was in turn struck over No. 1818e). The striking of No. 1818g over 1818h would indicate that the latter issue began before 663/4 A.D., probably in 659 when Heraclius and Tiberius became Caesars, a date which Wroth mentions as a possibility (BMC, p. 283, note 1).

1818h Seven restruck: one over Heraclius (?), two over Constans II.

1819 a-b. This K type is not described in Sabatier, Tolstoi or the BMC. One variety (No. 1819 a) is, I think, the same as a specimen illustrated in the last catalogue (Pl. XXXII, 14). The examples known to Wroth were too defaced for complete identification (cf. p. 286, Nos. 258 f.). Two of the Agora coins, however, have a variant obverse type with a standing figure (similar to BMC, P1. XXXI, 18) instead of a bust of Constans.

All reverses have N to the left of the K with various markings to the right and below, which seem to read A

as follows:

Bust type - ir (?) to r.; XXI (?) to r.; N to r., K to r. on obverse (restruck); N to r. (restruck- PLATE 3); N to r., K to r. on obverse; N to r.; N to r., ]IZ below.

E E E O O

Figure type - E (?) to r., A below; N to r., K to r. on obverse.

The dating for this issue, as suggested in the tabulation, corresponds with that given by Wroth for the M denominations with ANA to the left, which he places ahead of the issues with ANNO. However, if XXI does appear on one coin and is intended as a date, the type was still being struck in 661/2 A.D.

1819c Twelve restruck: five over Constans II (No. 1818c for one, No. 1818f for one and No. 1818g for a third).

1820 One is a restriking.

1823a Since Constantine's dated issues indicate the year by Roman numerals, the B beneath the K on this coin is presumably an officinar letter, and one wonders what purpose was served by placing ANNO on the reverse. The M denomination with which this K issue seems to belong is dated by Wroth 688/4 A.D.; our coin may be of the same period.

1823b One piece was struck over a coin of Constans II (No. 1818a).

1824 The obverse of one specimen has a variant bust (as Tolstoi, p. 829, 139f.) with Constantine holding the globus in his right hand. Of the others, five are restrikes (one over Constans II, No. 1818h).

1825a Two have been restruck.

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


1828 Both coins show evidence of restriking.

1829a One has been restruck.

1829b Bust of Justinian II 1. (mostly obliterated) and bust of Tiberius r. facing, each supporting a cross potent on a base. Tiberius wears a crown with a cross and a lozenge patterned robe. Rev. K with cross above, X to 1., A to r., and A below. (PLATE 3) X N

X N 0

The second coin in the Agora is the same except that it has B below the K on the reverse. This type is a variant of that listed in the standard catalogues (No. 1829 a). The obverse resembles the gold

and silver issues of Justinian (BMC, P1. XLI, 4f.) in the representation of two busts supporting a cross potent, but on our coins Tiberius wears a robe of lozenge pattern instead of the customary mantle. On the reverse there is a transposition of ANNO and the date numerals which is unusual for this period.

1830 The catalogue and discussion in Hesperia, IX (pp. 358-369) deal with forty-four coins of Philippicus from the Agora which had been identified prior to 1940. Since then an additional seventeen pieces have been attributed to the same emperor. All but three of the sixty-one specimens give clear indication of restriking. Thirty-nine are over the K denomination of Justinian II (No. 1829 a) with two showing traces of a still earlier type - an M issue of Justinian (No. 1828) for one and possibly Tiberius III for the other. One piece seems to have been struck directly over an M coin of Justinian (No. 1828) under which may be an I denomination of Constantine IV (No. 1824). Four coins, apparently mules, show no trace of the I reverse of Philippicus but have what seems to be the standard K reverse of Justinian.

1831 Two restruck: one over another K piece, either of Anastasius himself or one of his predecessors.

1832 All of these coins have been restruck: one over Constans II (No. 1818h), twelve over Justinian II (No. 1829a) with three showing an earlier type which in one case may be an M denomination of Tiberius III (cf. BMC, P1. XL, 26), one over Philippicus and two over Anastasius II.

1836 Bust of Leo III wearing crown with cross and lozenge patterned robe and holding cross potent in r. hand. Rev. Bust of Constantine V 1., bust of Leo IV r.; cross between their heads. All in barbaric style. (PLATE 3)

Although there is a somewhat similar AE type for Constantine V, the Agora coin is clearly copied from the solidus. It may once have been gilded and intended to pass as a gold piece.

1840 The coin corresponds to the reference except that on the obverse Constantine is represented as supporting a cross potent (cf. Tolstoi, P1. 69, 14 for the same type on an M denomination).

1847f. One coin of each issue shows evidence of restriking.

1849 In one case an undertype of Basil I (No. 1846) is visible.

1852 Eighteen restruck: one over Basil I (No. 1846), eleven over Leo VI (No. 1849), one over Constantine and Zoe (No. 1851).

1853 Seventy restruck: two over Leo VI (No. 1849), fifty-five over Romanus I (No. 1852) with four showing the earlier undertype of No. 1849.

The large number of coins of this type found in the Agora suggests that the issue extended over a longer period of time than the January to April 945 A.D. dating given by Wroth (BMC, p. 462). I should be inclined to consider it contemporary with the coinage of Constantine and Romanus II, which was struck between 945 and 959 A.D. after the death of Romanus I. The strongest argument against its dating any earlier is that this Constantine bust type is commonly found impressed on flans of Romanus I.

1854 Fifteen restruck: one over Leo VI (No. 1849), ten over Romanus I (No. 1852), two over Constantine (No. 1853).

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

COMMENTARY 109

1855 Sixteen restruck: ten over Constantine VII (BMC, Nos. 11-183 for one and No. 1853 for nine, of which one has the undertype of No. 1852), three over Romanus (No. 1852) with two of these showing traces of a still earlier issue (No. 1851).

1857 Five restruck: one over No. 1864, three over No. 1867.

1858 Five restruck: three over Constantine X (No. 1857), two over No. 1867 or 1869.

1860 Three restruck: one over Romanus (No. 1859).

1861 Bust of Christ facing, wearing nimbus cruciger, as on the anonymous issues. Beneath this striking is an earlier one showing a similar Christ bust with XC and possibly a large star in the r. field.

"." Rev. C B

S1* N B Patriarchal cross, radiate, on base and step; above it, pellets. The undertype is

apparently an obverse of Michael VII with ]MIX[ and what seems to be part of the projecting right arm and the upright of the labarum. There are traces of a still earlier striking which could be the Virgin orans type of No. 1870, but it is highly uncertain. (PLATE 3)

This Agora coin is a fifth specimen of an extremely rare issue discussed recently by Philip Grierson (Num. Chron., Ser. 6, X, 1950, pp. 305-311) and tentatively attributed by him to the pretender Nicephorus Bryen- nius. There can be no doubt that our coin belongs to this series although certain details of the pieces illustrated by Grierson do not show up clearly on the Agora example. The upper bar of the patriarchal cross is perceptible only to the imagination and the pellets which terminate the arms are indistinct; on the other hand the arrangement of the pellets at the top of the cross is? more sharply defined than is the case with the other specimens.

Grierson has made out what seems to me a thoroughly convincing argument for the attribution to Nice- phorus Bryennius, duke of Durazzo, who took the imperial title at Trajanopolis late in 1077 A.D. and sub- sequently gained control of Macedonia and Thrace. He was never in possession of Constantinople, and his power lasted for only a short time before the revolt was put down in 1078 A.D. by Nicephorus III. As Grierson has pointed out, the style of the known coins, and this applies also to the Agora specimen, makes it doubtful that they issued from the Constantinople mint. The two pieces whose provenance is recorded come from the Sparta Excavations and from the Athenian Agora, which would accord well with a workshop in North Greece set up by the pretender. On the evidence of overstriking, the 1077-1078 A.D. dating is highly satisfactory. The Agora coin used a flan of Michael VII, while a specimen in the Grierson collection was restruck with dies of an anonymous issue (our No. 1872) which, as will appear later, seems definitely to have been the coinage of Nicephorus III.

1862 Of these coins 264 have been restruck: one over No. 1864, one over No. 1865, three over No. 1867, three over No. 1867, 1868 or 1869, four over No. 1867 or 1869, one over No. 1869 under which is No. 1865, four over No. 1870 under one of which is No. 1867 or 1869, one hundred and six over No. 1871 with twelve of these showing an earlier striking (No. 1859 for one, No. 1860 for one, No. 1867 for one, No. 1867, 1868 or 1869 for seven, No. 1869 for one and No. 1870 for one), four over No. 1871 or 1872, twelve over No. 1872 with three having an earlier undertype (No. 1864 for one, No. 1871 for two with No. 1867 or 1869 under this), thirteen over an uncertain anonymous type.

1863-1875 In 1928 Alfred R. Bellinger made a highly important contribution to the study of the Byzantine coinage in his revision of Wroth's attributions of the anonymous issues, notably in the dating of the various classes and the reclaiming of many of them for the imperial mint. Whereas Wroth had relied chiefly on style and a correspondence between signed and anonymous types, Bellinger was able to draw on the Corinth Excavations material and to make his arrangement on the evidence of overstrikes and a correlation between the length of reign of the various emperors and the amount of coinage found at Corinth. Since his study was published (Num. Notes and Monog., 85, pp. 1-27) a series of articles by P. D. Whitting and C. H. Piper in Seaby's Coin and Medal Bulletin for 1949-1952 has added valuable data on overstrikes, and the amount of available material has been vastly increased by the classification of 2285 coins of the anonymous category from the Athenian Agora.

This extensive new material entirely confirms Bellinger's sequence of classes, with one important exception, but indicates that certain changes must be made in the attribution of those classes to individual emperors. Let us look first at the record of overstriking on the Agora coinage, supplemented in some instances by

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


pertinent evidence from other sources. Rather than confuse the picture by the addition of another series of Roman numeral classes to those already presented by Wroth and Bellinger, I have used an alphabetical enumeration, with reference in the outline that follows to the preceding classifications.

CLASS A-1

(Bellinger and Wroth: Class I) 64 restruck: 34 over Nicephorus II (No. 1855) with 9 showing

an undertype (No. 1854 for 1, No. 1853 for 5 with No. 1852 under 1 of these, No. 1852 for 2, and No. 1849 for 1)

15 over Constantine VII (No. 1854 for 1 with No. 1852 underneath, No. 1853 for 8 with No. 1852 under 1, No. 1852 for 6)

CLASS A-2

(Bellinger and Wroth: Class I) No restriking

CLASS B

(Bellinger and Wroth: Class II) 48 restruck: 85 over CLASS A-2

CLASS C

(Bellinger and Wroth: Class III) 44 restruck: 27 over CLASS B

7 over CLASS A-2

CLASS D

(Bellinger: Class VI; Wroth: Class V) 55 restruck: 31 over CLASS C with CLASS B under 2 3 Constantine X over CLASS D

2 over CLASS B 2 Constantine X over CLASS D or F 1 over CLASS A-2

CLASS E

(Bellinger: Class IV; Wroth: Class VI) 3 restruck: undertype uncertain

1 over CLASS D (Seaby's, 1951, p. 143)

CLASS F

(Bellinger: Class V; Wroth: Class IV) 40 restruck: 23 over CLASS E

4 over CLASS C 1 over CLASS B 2 probably over CLASS A-2

1 over Constantine X (Seaby's, 1951, p. 192) 1 over CLASS D (Seaby's, 1951, p. 145)

CLASS G

(Bellinger and Wroth: Class VII) 83 restruck: 11 over Constantine X (No. 1857 for 8, 3 Romanus IV over CLASS G (NNM 35,

No. 1858 for 8) p. 18; De Saulcy, Essai de classifica- 1 over CLASS F tion des suites mondtaires byzantines, 1 over CLASS F or D p. 250; Seaby's, 1952, p. 878) 1 over CLASS C 1 over CLASS B

1 over Romanus IV (Seaby's, 1950, p. 580)

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

COMMENTARY 111

CLASS H

(Bellinger: Class VIII) 97 restruck: 2 over CLASS G 106 Nicephorus III over CLASS H with

4 over CLASS F Michael VII under 1 16 over CLASS F or D 15 over CLASS F, E, or D 3 over Constantine X (No. 1857 with CLASS D

under 1) 3 over CLASS E

16 over CLASS D 1 over CLASS A-2

CLASS I

(Bellinger: Class IX) 188 restruck: 2 over Nicephorus III (No. 1862) 2 Alexius over CLASS I

32 over Michael VII (No. 1860) 12 Nicephorus III over CLASS I with 6 over CLASS H CLASS H under 2 2 over Romanus IV (No. 1859) 4 Nicephorus III over CLASS I or H 9 over CLASS G with CLASS F under 1 4 over Constantine X (No. 1857 for 3 with

CLASS C under 1, No. 1858 for 1) 1 over CLASS F 1 over CLASS F, E or D 3 over CLASS D 3 over CLASS C with CLASS B under 1 1 over CLASS B 1 over CLASS A-2 1 over Nicephorus II (No. 1855)

CLASS J

(Bellinger: Class X) 49 restruck: 29 over Nicephorus III (No. 1862) with CLASS 3 Alexius over CLASS J with Nicephorus

H under 4 III under 1 7 over CLASS H 1 over CLASS F or D 1 over CLASS D 1 over CLASS B

1 over CLASS I (NNM, 35, p. 8)

CLASS K

(Bellinger: Class XI; Wroth: Class VIII) 148 restruck: 63 over CLASS J with an earlier striking under 6 Alexius over CLASS K

12 (Nicephorus III for 8 with CLASS G under 1 and CLASS F, E or D under 2; CLASS I for 1; CLASS H for 1; CLASS G for 1; CLASS D for 1)

18 over Nicephorus III (No. 1862) with CLASS H under 3

5 over CLASS I with CLASS H under 2 8 over CLASS H 1 over Romanus IV (No. 1859) 1 over CLASS G 1 over CLASS D 1 over CLASS A

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


CLASS L

(Bellinger: Class XIII) No restriking

It should be noted at this point that there are published descriptions of overstrikes which directly con- tradict the arrangement outlined above. While they cannot be ignored, their value as evidence must be assessed with considerable caution. The study of restrikings is often a difficult and hazardous undertaking, as anyone who has worked with this coinage will agree. On some of the Agora pieces there are at least four successive impressions which produce in many instances an extremely confused and puzzling record. Even when the overstrikes are fewer, it is not always easy to tell which was the first and which the second striking, particularly if the specimen is in a poor state of preservation. For the chronological sequence of the anonymous issues it is the weight of the evidence as a whole which must be decisive; when one coin is in conflict with a considerable body of other evidence, it may be assumed with reasonable safety that that individual piece has been misread.

Whitting and Piper (Seaby's, 1951, p. 198) mention a possible overstrike of CLASS E on Michael VII. The writers themselves say that the evidence is slight, and there is ample reason on the basis of the Agora material to date CLASS E long before the reign of Michael. With regard to CLASS G, Whitting and Piper (Seaby's, 1950, p. 530) cite two coins in the British Museum, one of which has this type struck over Constantine X or Michael VII and the second the same over Michael VII. On the first coin apparently not enough remains of the original striking to make identification certain. Since eleven Agora pieces have CLASS G over Con- stantine X, one may suppose that the first London specimen is another example of the same sequence. The second coin is more of a problem in that the identification is more specific. There is no illustration but the piece is described as showing part of the legend of the Michael named type, the distinctive cover of the Gospels on the reverse, and the line of pellets which forms part of the crown on the coinage of Michael and also of Constantine X. Actually both the pellets and the Gospels cover are very similar for the issues of these two emperors, and the two legends have some letters in common. Since there are three coins recorded elsewhere as having the signed type of Romanus IV over CLASS G, it seems most unlikely that the latter could have been impressed on a flan of Michael. On the other hand, judging by the evidence presented, it is quite possible that the second London coin like the first is an instance of CLASS G over Constantine X*. For CLASS H there are three published overstrikings which are at variance with the order suggested above. De Saulcy (Numismatique des Croisades, P1. XIII, 2f. - of which No. 2 seems to be the same coin illustrated in Sabatier II, P1. LIX, 2) has two specimens which from his description would represent CLASS H struck over Nicephorus III. How- ever, the line drawing shows on the one side of the coin a clear obverse of Nicephorus with only a few blurred traces of another type, and furthermore the piece corresponds in size to the anonymous issue but is too large for Nicephorus' named coinage when the latter makes use of new flans. There seems to me little question that the Nicephorus type is over not under CLASS H, a sequence confirmed by 106 coins from the Agora. Another example of Class H over Nicephorus is cited as being in the British Museum (NNM, 35, p. 8), but R.A.G. Carson reports that no specimen there shows that order of types. In further confirmation, P.C. Whit- ting informs me that he has found no example of CLASS H over Nicephorus among the many coins he has examined, whereas he has two specimens showing the Nicephorus over CLASS H sequence so common in the Agora. Schlumberger (Numismatique de l'Orient latin, p. 277) speaks of possessing an example of CLASS H struck over Count Roger of Sicily. He does not specify whether it is Roger I or II, but both rulers postdate Nicephorus III whose coinage, as mentioned before, frequently uses flans of CLASS H.

CLASS A-1 (John I and Basil II with Constantine VIII, 969-989 A.D.) There can be little doubt that these are the first coins of the anonymous series. The similarity of the flans

to those used by Nicephorus II and the large proportion of overstrikes on the issues of that emperor indicate unmistakably that these small flan pieces are the coins with pious types which, according to John Scylitzes, were introduced by John Zimisces. Bellinger divides CLASS A into three groups: small flan (NNM, 85, P1. I, 2) struck by John from 969 to 976 A.D., intermediate flan (NNM, 85, P1. I, 3) struck by Basil II and Constantine during the early part of their reign down to the suppression of the revolt of Bardas Phocas in

* After this study had been completed, I received word from Mr. Whitting to the effect that after three careful examinations of the coin in question, he is now convinced that the undertype belongs to Constantine X and not to Michael VII.

I wish to take this opportunity of expressing my deep appreciation to Mr. Whitting, with whom I have had pleasant and profitable correspondence on matters "anonymous."

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

COMMENTARY 113

989 A.D., large flan (NNM, 35, P1. I, 4-6; our CLASS A-2) struck by Basil and Constantine, Constantine alone, and Romanus III from 989 to 1034 A.D.

With the division into three sections and the dating of the first two varieties I am in complete agreement. Unfortunately when the Agora coins were classified there was no attempt to distinguish between the small and intermediate flan pieces and indeed, considering the condition of the coins, no such distinction could safely have been made in many cases. I am, therefore, unable to give definite figures for the coinage of these two groups, but the total (104 pieces) can be satisfactorily related to the twenty year period to which they are attributed.

CLASS A-2 (Basil II with Constantine and Constantine VIII alone, 989-1028 A.D.) This and CLASS L are the only anonymous groups which appear in the Agora without traces of restriking.

The good new flans of increased size point to a reorganization of the currency which would accord well with an era of prosperity after the suppression of the rebellion in 989 A.D.; the wide variety of ornamentation (cf. NNM, 35, pp. 11-18) and the extent of the coinage (519 specimens from the Agora) alike indicate that it was struck over a considerable period of time. In discussing this class, Bellinger remarks that it should logically stop with the sole reign of Constantine VIII with the totally different issue of CLASS B belonging to Romanus III who introduced a new gold type and might, therefore, be expected to change the type of the bronze as well. However, the sequence of classes as outlined in NNM, 35 left Bellinger no alternative, in reconciling the amount of coinage with the length of the individual emperor's reign, but to conclude that CLASS A-2 continued to be struck under Romanus. New evidence now indicates that one shift must be made in Bellinger's sequence, under CLASS D below, and this rearrangement makes the attribution of CLASS B to Romanus III not only logical but feasible. I would then assign CLASS A-2 to Basil II with Constantine and to Constantine alone, limiting its emission to that 89 year period.

CLASS B (Romanus III, 1028-1034 A.D.) The evidence of overstriking establishes this class as the immediate successor of CLASS A-2 and it will, I

think, be increasingly clear as the chronological pattern develops that it can with complete plausibility be ascribed to the reign of Romanus III.

CLASS C (Michael IV, 1084-1041 A.D.) Restrikes also fix this class in sequence directly after CLASS B, and, therefore, make it the coinage of

Michael IV.

CLASS D (Constantine IX, 1042-1055 A.D.) CLASS D brings us to the one alteration required in the NNM, 85 order. At the time that article was

published there was no available evidence on overstrikes which firmly related CLASS D to other issues. Although Bellinger states that it could conceivably have followed CLASS C, he favored the sequence: C, E, F, D. In adopting this sequence, he was compelled to abandon the logical arrangement outlined above, a chronology which he would himself have preferred, for the following reason. CLASS E is a minor issue (1 found at Corinth, 18 at the Agora). Assuming that it came directly after CLASS C, it would, according to the normal pattern, belong to the long reign of Constantine IX. This would be manifestly an absurd distri- bution of the coinage and in order to avoid it, Bellinger was under the necessity of assigning CLASS E to one of Constantine's successors, bringing CLASS C down to Constantine and shifting, in consequence, the chronology of the preceding classes.

The two overstrikes published by Whitting and Piper (Seaby's Bulletin, 1951, pp. 143 and 145) change the entire picture. CLASS D must follow CLASS C, with CLASSES E and F succeeding in that order. With this rearrangement, CLASS D provides an adequate representation of coinage for Constantine IX and it, therefore, takes its place exactly where it should belong in an orderly chronological sequence.

Even without the crucial evidence supplied by Whitting and Piper, the overstrike pattern of the Agora coins would strongly suggest D-E-F as the correct arrangement. It will be noted from the detailed outline of restrikings that for the various anonymous classes, the vast majority of restruck pieces use flans of the issue directly preceding: CLASS B with 48 restrikes has at least 85 over CLASS A-2, CLASS C with 44 restruck pieces uses 27 or more flans of CLASS B. One would then expect CLASS D, with 31 out of 55 overstrikes on

flans of CLASS C, to follow immediately after that class in point of time. It is gratifying to have proof that this is in fact the case.

To some extent considerations of fabric and technique substantiate the new position of CLASS D. Its workmanship and its flans are somewhat better than those of CLASSES E and F. Furthermore, there is a minor detail of the reverse type which may be significant. The reverses of all three classes have the same

8

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


three-line inscription. On those of CLASSES D and E the decorative motifs above and below the inscription are identical, with CLASS F there is a slight variation. Taken in conjunction with the other evidence, this would seem to indicate that the reverse type came in with CLASS D, was carried over without change for CLASS E, and then altered slightly with the introduction of CLASS F.

CLASS E (Isaac I, 1057-1059 A.D.) This issue, found over CLASS D and under CLASS F, presents no problem of sequence, but there is con-

siderable doubt as to the reign to which it belongs. As we shall see later, CLASS F is the coinage of Con- stantine X, which means that CLASS E must be fitted in between the reigns of Constantine IX and X. The choice embraces Theodora, Michael VI and Isaac I. Up to this point the anonymous series has followed a regular pattern with each ruler from John Zimisces through Constantine IX represented by a new or a varied type. Strictly speaking there are two exceptions: Michael V and Zoe with Theodora. In both instances the reigns are short ones, three and two months respectively. For the two empresses there is no known coinage and for Michael only one gold issue which may actually, as Wroth points out, belong to Michael IV. One has no hesitation in omitting them from the list of rulers striking anonymous types. The situation as regards the later period is different. Theodora reigned for eighteen months, Michael VI for one year and Isaac for two years. All struck gold; Theodora and Isaac struck silver as well. Any one of them could have struck CLASS E. My feeling is that Isaac is the likeliest candidate in that his reign was the longest and also the latest. One might assume that the extensive anonymous coinage of the emperors through Constantine IX provided sufficient bronze for Theodora and Michael. By the time Isaac came to the throne there was presumably a substantial amount of anonymous money still in circulation; the new issue which he put out was little more than a token coinage if one can judge from the number of specimens that have survived.

CLASS F (Constantine X, 1059-1067 A.D.) On the evidence of 23 out of 40 restrikes, this issue follows immediately after CLASS E. Earlier than Con-

stantine X it cannot be since there is a specimen of CLASS F struck over a named piece of Constantine (Seaby's, 1951, p. 192). CLASS G, which is clearly the coinage of Romanus IV, occurs over CLASS F and to an even greater extent over the signed issues of Constantine X, all of which points to the attribution of CLASS F to Constantine.

CLASS G (Romanus IV, 1067-1071 A.D.) The only explanation for the occurrence of CLASS G under and over signed coins of Romanus IV is that

this anonymous issue is his, a dating confirmed by the high proportion of its restrikes over the named coinage of Constantine X, his predecessor.

CLASS H (Michael VII, 1071-1078 A.D.) This is the only anonymous group for which the overstriking evidence is not clear cut. In every other

instance the highest percentage of identifiable restrikes involves the anonymous or signed issues of the reign immediately preceding. However, 106 Agora coins of Nicephorus III were struck over CLASS H and in one instance at least the CLASS H type was impressed on a signed piece of Michael VII. Further support for the attribution of this class is provided by the large number of coins of CLASS I, which belongs to Nice- phorus III, struck over named pieces of Michael.

CLASS I (Nicephorus III, 1078-1081 A.D.) In view of the appalling quantity of signed coinage of Nicephorus III found in the Agora, one hesitates to

attribute another 359 specimens of CLASS I to the same three year reign, but I can see no alternative. One has on the one hand 32 coins of CLASS I struck over signed flans of Michael VII and 2 over signed flans of Nicephorus; at the same time there exist 12 signed pieces of Nicephorus and 2 of Alexius struck over CLASS I. There seems no way of escaping the assignment of this common anonymous issue to Nicephorus III.

CLASSES J, K and L (Alexius I, 1081-1118 A.D.) The occurrence of J over I and K over J leaves no question as to the order of these classes. Both J and K

are used as flans for the signed coinage of Alexius I so the issues must be his or those of Nicephorus. Apart from the fact that Nicephorus is already more than adequately represented in surviving money, a consideration of greater significance is the frequency with which CLASSES J and K appear over his signed coinage, a pattern which has hitherto indicated that the anonymous pieces of the second striking belong to a later emperor. I should be inclined to attribute both classes to Alexius' long 37 year reign. For CLASS L there are only two coins and no evidence of restriking; in all probability it too was struck by Alexius.

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

COMMENTARY 115

With the anonymous series as outlined above, we have then a clearly interlocked sequence running from John Zimisces through Alexius I, with every reign, except those of Theodora and Michael VI, represented by a separate anonymous class whose proportions as found in the Agora show a reasonable correlation with the length of the individual emperor's reign. The pattern of restrikes is highly consistent, one class providing the bulk of the flans for the restruck issues of the class immediately following. As later emperors began to put out both signed and anonymous money, one finds, as is completely logical, that as a new ruler came to the throne, he tended to draw his predecessor's signed issues from circulation by overstriking them with his own anonymous type. There was less compulsion to withdraw anonymous pieces which carried no indication of the striking authority and such money was seemingly left to circulate until such time as a need for flans arose. It was then called in and restruck with the signed types of the current ruler.

Any consideration of the anonymous issues raises questions as to why these types were introduced and what purpose they served for over a century, first as a substitute for and later as a supplement to the signed bronze coinage. To these questions I can suggest no plausible answer. The evidence from the Agora does, however, offer the strongest substantiation for Bellinger's belief that CLASSES H to L were issues of the imperial mint rather than money of the Crusaders struck in Syria and Palestine (as suggested by Wroth, BMC, p. 554). If the revised chronology presented here is correct, the first two classes (H and I) which bear the cross device on the reverse can have no connection at all with the Crusades since they were struck by Michael VII and Nicephorus III. Conceivably CLASS J with the cross resting on a crescent could refer to the struggle between the Christian and Islamic worlds. If so, it dates some years after the beginning of the reign of Alexius.

1877 One of these coins (illustrated on PLATE 3) has on the obverse a crudely tendered figure of Christ seated on a throne with high back and on the reverse a cross of equal limbs terminating at the base in a floral pattern, with W 30 in the upper angles. Two other pieces (corresponding to Sab. II, p. 286, 6) show a similar representation of the seated Christ obverse and on the reverse a jewelled cross reposing on a crescent. Sabatier attributes this type to the Latin emperors of Constantinople, but Schlumberger (Numismatique de l'Orient latin, p. 274) doubts that they struck coinage. I think this type is more likely a barbarous imitation composed of elements of three anonymous classes - D, C, and J.

A fourth Agora imitation has again a seated Christ obverse and as a reverse type, a cross with IC XC in the lower field and possibly NI KA in the upper (for a somewhat similar type cf. NNM, 35, P1. III, 7). The final type is that of a Christ bust on the obverse with the reverse impression of a cross with pronged ends between the arms of which are pellets or blundered letters.

1878 This is a scyphate piece of billon.

The arrangement of the coinage of Alexius differs somewhat from that of the BMC, where there is no indication, however, that Wroth intended a definitive order of strikings. The restrike evidence from the Agora insofar as it is specific is as follows: No. 1883 - one probably over No. 1880; No. 1886 - three over No. 1883, one over No. 1887; No. 1887 - eight over No. 1883 (to which can be added another example in the

BMC), one over No. 1880, seven over No. 1886. This suggests as the order of issue: standing Alexius, Alexius bust, Virgin, and finally the cross types. Without doubt some of these issues were concurrent, which would

explain the occurrence of one specimen of No. 1886 over No. 1887, as contrasted with seven examples of the reverse order of strikings.

It is interesting to note that whereas Nos. 1883, 1886 and 1887 appear over anonymous issues of Alexius, there is no instance of one of the latter over a signed type, which would seem to indicate, as in the case of the anonymous series as a whole, that the named issues of any given emperor were struck slightly later than his anonymous coinage.

1880 One restruck.

1882 One restruck.

1883 Twenty-one restruck: one over No. 1874, one over uncertain anonymous type, one probably over No. 1880.

1885 One restruck.

1886 Twenty-five restruck: three over No. 1873 with No. 1862 under one, three over No. 1874, four over Alexius (No. 1883 for three, No. 1887 for one).

8*

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


1887 Fifty-two restruck: two over No. 1872, two over No. 1874, two over uncertain anonymous issue, sixteen over Alexius (No. 1880 for one, No. 1883 for eight, No. 1886 for seven).

1888 One restruck.

1889 Both restruck.

1890 Miss Edwards (Corinth, VI, p. 142, note 2) has a similar mule combining the reverses of these two popular Alexius issues. She suggests that the Corinth piece is of barbarous origin and the same may be true of the Agora specimen. I have not been able to reexamine it, but the record on the card makes no mention of a barbaric appearance. While one cannot rule out the possibility that such mules were imitations of imperial issues, it seems to me quite likely that many of them were simply the result of hasty and careless striking. Much of the bronze coinage of Constans II, which was issued in such abundance, is characterized by variant and irregular inscriptions. One can, I think, assume that in general these were official issues - that the mint was working under pressure so great that there was no proper scrutiny of the output and coins of slipshod workmanship were allowed to pass into circulation. At a later period under Alexius, John and Manuel one finds a similarly copious and poorly struck coinage, and it is then that the mules begin to appear with some frequency: two for Alexius (including the anonymous combination of CLASSES J and K, No. 1876), two for John and twenty-three for Manuel. Also with Manuel's issues there are other deviations of lesser importance, such as the transposition of the letters of the monogram. Again we have what seems to be an overtaxed mint or mints putting out a coinage of distinctly poor quality with chipped and reused flans and careless die cutting. Apparently the mint magistrates had no scruples about combining on occasion odd reverses and obverses if the dies were not worn out since the use of misfits was quicker and cheaper than cutting the proper new dies.

1891 Two of these coins are obviously barbaric imitations of the jewelled cross type. A third (probably restruck) is very similar to a specimen cited by Miss Edwards from Corinth (p. 142, 122) showing an Alexius bust with the labarum instead of the usual cruciform sceptre, and on the reverse, a jewelled cross with the lower letters of the inscription placed at a diagonal slant. Miss Edwards suggests a Crusader origin.

Of the other imitations, two are Miss Edwards' type No. 172 with a cross on both obverse and reverse, a IC XC.

third is her No. 175 with the bust of an emperor and a cross, in the angles of which is the legend NI KA The two issues are listed in the Corinth publication under "Byzantine Uncertain", but I wonder if they may not both be imitations of Alexius issues, the one repeating his patriarchal cross type on both sides of the coin and the other combining obverses No. 1884 and No. 1889.

1892 This is a silver scyphate coin which had been gilded. It corresponds to the reference except that instead of the customary obverse legend only I OW is visible to the 1. upward. M-1 appears above the two figures and OV to the r.

1894 One coin has been restruck; it is difficult to be sure whether it belongs to this group or the one just preceding.

1895 Two restruck.

1897 Both mules have the Virgin orans reverse, combined in one case with the obverse of No. 1894 and in the other with No. 1895. The latter has been struck over a coin of Constantine IX.

1899ff. Nos. 1899-1902 are scyphate bronze issues. No. 1899 is similar to the BMC reference but the pieces catalogued there are of electrum while ours is bronze. One specimen of No. 1900 has been restruck.

As with the coinage of Alexius, an attempt has been made to arrange Manuel's regular bronze issues (Nos. 1903-1909) in the order suggested by the overstrikings found on the Agora coins: No. 1907 - one over No.1904 with No. 1908 under that, one over No. 1908, one over No. 1906; No. 1908 - two over No. 1904, seven over No. 1907; No. 1909 - one possibly over No. 1908. In two instances, No. 1907 over No. 1904 over No.1908 and No. 1907 over No. 1908, there is a contradiction of the order otherwise indicated. This may be due to a misreading of the sequence of impressions on poorly preserved specimens or it may more likely be the result of issues continued in circulation over a long period of time and used interchangeably for restriking. The monogram and St. George types are by far the most common in the Agora group, and the quantity found surely indicates that both extended over many years. So slight is the evidence on overstrikes as compared

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

COMMENTARY 117

with the vast amount of Manuel money, that this arrangement should be considered as little more than a tentative effort, incorporating the information on the Agora pieces, which will undoubtedly need revision when the final study of the late Byzantine coinage is made.

1904 Two restruck.

1905 One restruck.

1906 Seven restruck.

1907 Twenty-one coins of the first monogram type (p. 580, 79-82) have been restruck: one over No. 1904 with No. 1908 under that, one over No. 1906, one over No. 1908. Three specimens of this same group show a variation in the monogram, the A and K having been transposed.

1908 Twenty-six restruck: two over No. 1904, seven over No. 1907.

1909 Three restruck: one over No. 1895 under which is No. 1862, one possibly over No. 1908.

1910 The combinations of obverses and reverses are as follows: 10 with obverse of No. 1909, reverse of No. 1907 (p. 580, 79-82) 8 with obverse of No. 1908, reverse of No. 1907 ( ,, ) 1 with obverse of No. 1904, reverse of No. 1908 1 with obverse of No. 1904, reverse of No. 1907 (p. 580, 83-85) 1 with obverse of No. 1907, reverse of No. 1908 1 with obverse of No. 1906, reverse of No. 1907 (p. 580, 79-82) 1 with obverse of No. 1903, reverse of No. 1904

1912 Seven restruck: four over No. 1907, one over No. 1908.

1913 One restruck: over No. 1912.

1914 Nos. 1914-1916 are scyphate AE pieces.

1919 Four restruck: two over No. 1907, one over No. 1912.

1920 These two pieces have the Isaac obverse of No. 1919, commonly found in association with the bust of St. Michael, and on the reverse a representation of St. George carrying spear in r. hand and with the letters r I visible in the r. field. Their state of preservation is too bad for reproduction, and one cannot be certain whether they represent an unrecorded St. George type of Isaac or are simply mules combining an Isaac obverse with a Manuel reverse.

1922 Scyphate bronze.



1928 The reverse of our coin, a scyphate bronze like the reference, is recorded as having a bust of Christ. Either this is a variation or the type has been incorrectly identified from a worn specimen.

1929 All five coins of Theodore of Thessalonica are scyphate bronze. No. 1929 has an obverse corresponding to Sabatier, II, P1. LXVI, 2 - to which the nearest parallel is a silver issue in the BMC (P1. XXVI, 2). Our piece, however, according to the record has a bust of Christ or the Virgin on the reverse, seemingly the type of BMC, P1. XXVI, 3.


FRANKISH COINAGE

1933-1937 Schlumberger assigns Nos. 1933-1935 to the period prior to 1250 A.D. before the opening of the nmint at Clermont and believes that most of the coins were struck at Corinth. No. 1936 was issued after 1250 at Clermont and No. 1937 between 1255 and 1260 A.D. in Euboea.

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.


1938 This type and the one following are described by Schlumberger (p. 314) as counterfeit hybrids. 1953-1956 Nos. 1953f. are dated by Schlumberger to 1287-1291 A.D., No.1955 to 1291-1294, and No.1956 to 1294-1308 A.D. One Agora specimen of the last type has the variant legends, GVI DVX ATENS and ThEBANI CIVS, cited by Schlumberger, p. 840.

1957 The DE CLARENCIA type is classed as a counterfeit hybrid in L'Orient latin, p. 340.

1959f. No. 1959 was struck at Lepanto; No. 1960 at Corfu.

ITALIAN COINAGE

1981 One specimen probably restruck.

1984 On one coin the Castle Tournois type with CAMPI BASSI appears on both obverse and reverse. Schlum- berger (p. 357, note 4) cites a similar piece which has the name of Nicholas on both sides and suggests that such errors in striking may be the work of minor mints.

VENETIAN COINAGE

2007 This coin is billon (confirmed). Since the type is known only in gold, the Agora specimen would seem to be an imitation or a forgery.

019 One coin with DALMA ET ALBAN has been restruck.

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

INDEX

RULERS

Aemilian, Nos. 365-367 Alexius I, Nos. 1873-1876, 1878-1890 Alexius III, Nos. 1922f. Alexius III of Trebizond, No. 1932 Anastasius I, Nos. 1740-1744 and "Vandalic"

No. 1709 Anastasius II, No. 18381 Andronicus I, Nos. 1912f. Andronicus II, Nos. 1924f. Antoninus Pius, Nos. 106-125 Arcadius, Nos. 1498-1561 Arcadius or Honorius, Nos. 1562-1568 Athalaric, No. 1735 Augustus, Nos. 14-17 Aurelian, Nos. 576-629

Baduila, Nos. 1737-1739 Barbarigo, Agostino, No. 2005 Basil I, Nos. 1844-1848 Basil II, Nos. 1863f. Bohemond I of Antioch, Nos. 1965f.

Caracalla, Nos. 209-218 Carinus, Nos. 713-721 Carus, Nos. 709-712 Celsi, Lorenzo, No. 1997 Charles I of Anjou, Nos. 1940, 1977 Charles II of Anjou, Nos. 1941, 1978 Chios, Lords of, No. 1971 Cicogna, Pasquale, No. 2014 Claudius, No. 19 Claudius II, Nos. 562-574 Commodus, Nos. 182-192 Constans I, Nos. 1132-1191 Constans II, Nos. 1818-1822 Constantine I, Nos. 817-914 Constantine I and family, Nos. 923-954 and pages 49f. Constantine II, Nos. 980-1028 Constantine IV, Nos. 1823-1825 Constantine V, Nos. 1834f. Constantine VI, No. 1838 Constantine VII, Nos. 1851-1854 Constantine VIII, Nos. 1863f. Constantine IX, No. 1867

Constantine X, Nos. 1857f., 1869 Constantius II, Nos. 1029-1130 Constantius Chlorus, Nos. 755-768 Constantius Gallus, Nos. 1198-1215 Contarini, Andrea, No. 1999 Corner, Marco, No. 1998 Crispina, Nos. 193f. Crispus, Nos. 955-979

Dandolo, Andrea, Nos. 1993f. Dandolo, Francesco, No. 1991 Dandolo, Giovanni, No. 1990 Da Ponte, Nicol6, No. 2013 Delmatius, Nos. 1192-1195 Didius Julianus, No. 195 Diocletian, Nos. 727-741 Dolfin, Giovanni, Nos. 1995f. Domitian, Nos. 31-41

Elagabalus, Nos. 224-227 Eudocia, No. 1650 Eudoxia, Nos. 1570-1572 Eugenius, Nos. 1494-1497

Fausta, No. 916 Faustina I, Nos. 126-136 Faustina II, Nos. 152-169 Flaccilla, Nos. 1482-1487 Florent of Hainaut, No. 1942 Florian, Nos. 644-649

Gabalas, Leo (King of Rhodes), No. 1972 Galba, No. 21 Galeria, No. 771 Galerius, Nos. 764-770 Gallienus, Nos. 389-516 Gauthier of Brienne, No. 1958 Gelimer, No. 1681 George I of Tenos, No. 1970 Geta, Nos. 221-223 Gordian III, Nos. 275-310 Gradenigo, Bartolomeo, No. 1992 Gratian, Nos. 1332-1370 Grimani, Marino, No. 2015

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

120 INDEX

Gritti, Andrea, Nos. 2007f. Guy I de la Roche, Nos. 1948f. Guy II de la Roche, Nos. 1953-1957

Hadrian, Nos. 67-103 Helen, Nos. 917-921 Heraclius, Nos. 1807-1817 Herennia Etruscilla, Nos. 343-345 Herennius Etruscus, Nos. 346f. Hilderic, No. 1680 Honorius, Nos. 1573-1621 and "Vandalic" No. 1682 Honorius or Arcadius, Nos. 1562-1568

Irene, Nos. 1838f. Isaac I, No. 1868 Isaac II, Nos. 1914-1920 Isabelle of Villehardouin, No. 1943

Johannes, No. 1652 John I, Nos. 1856, 1863 John II, Nos. 1892-1897 John I of Brittany, No. 1976 John II of Epirus, No. 1961 John II of Grande Vlaquie, No. 1969 John I of Nicaea, No. 1927 John of Gravina, No. 1947 John XXII, Pope at Avignon, No. 1980 Jovian, Nos. 1256-1263 Julia Domna, Nos. 205-208 Julia Maesa, No. 228 Julia Mamaea, Nos. 251-260 Julian II, Nos. 1216-1255 Justin I, Nos. 1745-1749 Justin II, Nos. 1771-1781 Justinian I, Nos. 1750-1770 and "Vandalic" Nos.

1701, 1710, 1711(2), 1716, 1718 Justinian II, Nos. 1826, 1828f.

Leo I, Nos. 1668-1676 and "Vandalic" Nos. 1689, 1707

Leo III, Nos. 1832f. Leo IV, No. 1837 Leo V, No. 1840 Leo VI, Nos. 1849f. Licinius I, Nos. 784-806 Licinius II, Nos. 807-816 Loredan, Leonardo, No. 2006 Loredan, Pietro, No. 2011 Louis IX of France, No. 1974 Lucilla, Nos. 178-181 Lucius Verus, Nos. 170-177

Macrian, Nos. 551-554 Magnentius, No. 1197 Magnia Urbica, No. 722 Mahaut of Hainaut, No. 1946

Manlia Scantilla, No. 196 Manuel I, Nos. 1899-1910 Marcian, Nos. 1661-1667 and "Vandalic" No. 1706 Marcus Aurelius, Nos. 137-151 Masuna (2), No. 1725 Maurice Tiberius, Nos. 1789-1793 Maximian, Nos. 742-754 Maximinus I, Nos. 261-272 Maximinus II, Nos. 775-783 Maximus (son of Maximinus I), No. 273 Maximus (384-388 A.D.), Nos. 1488-1491 Michael II, No. 1841 Michael III, No. 1843 Michael IV, No. 1866 Michael VII, Nos. 1860, 1871 Mocenigo, Alvise, No. 2012 Mocenigo, Tomaso, No. 2004 Morosini, Francesco, No. 2016 Morosini, Michele, No. 2001

Nero, No. 20 Nerva, Nos. 42-44 Nicephorus II, No. 1855 Nicephorus III, Nos. 1862, 1872 Nicephorus Bryennius (?), No. 1861 Nicholas II of Campobasso, No. 1984 Numerian, Nos. 723-726

Odovacar, No. 1731 Order of St. John at Rhodes, No. 1973 Otacilia Severa, Nos. 329-334 Otho, No. 22

Philip I, Nos. 311-328 Philip of Savoy, No. 1944 Philip of Tarentum, Nos. 1945, 1959f. Philippicus, No. 1830 Phocas, Nos. 1794-1806 Pius IV, Pope at Rome, No. 1986 Placidia, No. 1651 Plautilla, Nos. 219f. Postumus, No. 558 Priuli, Gerolamo, No. 2010 Priuli, Lorenzo, No. 2009 Probus, Nos. 650-708 Procopius, Nos. 1329-1331 Pupienus, No. 274

Quietus, Nos. 555-557 Quintillus, No. 575

Raymond II of Tripolis, No. 1968 Robert of Provence, No. 1979 Roger II of Sicily, No. 1981 Romanus III, No. 1865 Romanus IV, Nos. 1859, 1870

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

INDEX 121

Sabina, Nos. 104f. Saint-Martin of Tours, No. 1975 Salonina, Nos. 517-547 Saloninus, No. 550 Septimius Severus, Nos. 197-204 Severina, Nos. 630-636 Severus II, Nos. 772-774 Severus III, No. 1677 Severus Alexander, Nos. 229-250 Steno, Michele, No. 2003

Tacitus, Nos. 637-643 Tancred of Antioch, No. 1967 Tetricus, Nos. 560f. Theodahad, No. 1736 Theodora (stepmother of Constantine I), No. 922 Theodore I of Nicaea, No. 1926 Theodore II of Nicaea, No. 1928 Theodore of Thessalonica, Nos. 1929-1931 Theodoric, Nos. 1732-1734 Theodosius I, Nos. 1416-1480 and "Vandalic"

Nos. 1687, 1692 Theodosius I or II, No. 1481 Theodosius II, Nos. 1622-1649 and "Vandalic"

Nos. 1685, 1705, 1724 Theophilus, Nos. 1841f. Thomas II of Salona, No. 1963 Thomas III of Salona, No. 1964 Tiberius, No. 18 Tiberius II, Nos. 1782-1788

Tiberius III, No. 1827 Tiepolo, Jacopo, Nos. 1987f. Titus, No. 30 Trajan, Nos. 45-66 Trajan Decius, Nos. 335-342 Trebonianus Gallus, Nos. 348-359

Valens, Nos. 1297-1328 Valentinian I, Nos. 1264-1295 Valentinian I-III, page 64 Valentinian II, Nos. 18371-1415 Valentinian III, Nos. 1653-1660 and "Vandalic"

Nos. 1683, 1688, 1698, 1699, 1726(?) Valerian I, Nos. 368-388 Valerian II, Nos. 548f. Valier, Silvestro, No. 2017 Venier, Antonio, No. 2002 Vespasian, Nos. 23-29 Vetranio, No. 1196 Victor, Nos. 1492f. Victorinus, No. 559 Volusian, Nos. 360-364

William I de la Roche, Nos. 1950-1952 William I of Sicily, No. 1982 William II of Sicily, No. 1983 William of Villehardouin, Nos. 19388-1939

Zeno, Nos. 1678f. and "Vandalic" No. 1708 Zeno, Ranieri, No. 1989

Barbarous imitations: Nos, 915 (Constantine I); 1131 (Constantius II); 1296 (Valentinian I); 1569 (Arcadius or Honorius); 1836 (Constantine V); 1877 (Anonymous Byzantine); 1891 (Alexius I); 1898 (John II); 1911 (Manuel I); 1921 (Isaac II); 1962 (John II of Epirus); 1985 (Nicholas II of Campobasso); 2000 (Andrea Contarini)

MINTS

(Through the Byzantine Period)

ALEXANDRIA, Nos. 740, 767, 773f., 803, 892-895, 950, 1019, 1115-1119, 1177-1179, 1211, 1250f., 1291f., 1324f., 1363, 1406-1409, 1464-1466, 1544 to 1547, 1567, 1603-1606, 1814, and page 50

ANTIOCH, Nos. 249, 305-308, 325-327, 358f., 364, 379-384, 460-501, 537-542, 549, 570-572, 619, 636, 701f., 726, 739, 752f., 781, 802, 814f., 884-891, 933, 949, 1016-1018, 1108-1114, 1174-1176, 1247-1249, 1261, 1288-1290, 1322f., 1361f., 1403-1405, 1461 to 1463, 1486, 1538-1543, 1564-1566, 1600-1602, 1640f., 1666, 1743, 1760f., 1778, 1787f., 1793, 1805, and pages 50, 64

AQUILEIA, NOs. 755, 820-822, 956, 981, 1036-1039, 11385f., 1218, 1266f., 1334-1337, 1374-1376, 1420

to 1424, 1488, 1492, 1495, 1501f., 1577, and pages 49, 64

ARLES, Nos. 785f., 808, 831-883, 937,958-960,1187 f., 1300, 1838, 1490

CARTHAGE, Nos. 764, 1762f., 1806, 1815 COLOGNE, No. 559 CONSTANTINOPLE, Nos. 859-864, 919, 922, 928f., 943

to 945, 954, 1003-1006, 1071-1081, 1152-1162, 1192, 1204-1206, 1232-1236, 1259, 1278-1282, 1811 to 1315, 1329f., 1850-1352, 18390-1895, 1443-1450, 1482, 1517-1524, 1562, 1570, 1582-1587, 1625 to 1632,1664,1668-1671, 1740-1742,1745-1747, 1750 to 17583, 1771f., 1782-1784, 1789f., 1794-1796,

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

122 INDEX

1807f., 1818f., 18238f., 1827-1882, 1834f., 1837to 1860, 1862-1876, 1878-1890, 1892-1897, 1899 to 1910, 1912-1920, 1922-1925, and pages 50, 64

CYzicus, Nos. 609-618, 635, 643, 649, 696-700, 725, 738, 750f., 759-762, 766, 779f., 799-801, 812f., 874 to 883, 916, 920, 982, 948, 971, 1012-1015, 1095 to 1107, 1166-1173, 1209f., 1242-1246, 1260, 1285 to 1287, 1319-18321, 1331, 1357-1360, 1400-1402, 1454 to 1460, 1530-1537, 1571, 1594-1599, 1637-1639, 1656f., 1758f., 1776f., 1802-1804, 1813, and pages 50, 64

EPHESUS, Nos. 9-12

HERACLEA, Nos. 735-737, 748f., 758, 765, 772, 792 to 795, 810, 852-858, 918, 927, 940-942, 968f., 998 to 1002, 1061-1070, 1150f., 1203, 1229-1231, 1257f., 1277, 1309f., 1348f., 1388f., 1440-1442, 1483f., 15183-1516, 1579-1581, 1624, 1663, and pages 49, 64

ITALY, Nos. 1, 8

LONDON, No. 827 LYONS, Nos. 16, 18, 445, 558, 671-674, 828-880, 983,

1219f., 1489

MILAN, Nos. 355-357, 376-378, 431-444, 5832, 588 to 587

NICAEA, Nos. 1926-1928 NICOMEDIA, Nos. 778, 796-798, 811, 865-873, 930f.,

946f., 970, 1007-1011, 1082-1094, 1163-1165, 11938, 1207f., 1237-1241, 1283f., 1316-1318, 1353-1356, 1396-1399, 1451-1458, 1485, 1525-1529, 1563, 1588 to 1593, 1633-1636, 1665, 1748, 1755-1757, 1774f., 1786, 1792, 1800f., 1812, and pages 50, 64

RAVENNA, Nos. 1661, 1766f., 1816 ROME, Nos. If., 5-8, 14f., 19f., 21-28, 30, 31-41, 42

to 65, 67-103, 104-135, 1837-217, 219-248, 251-308, 311-324, 329-33888, 885-842, 848-354, 360-363, 365

to 375, 389-430, 517-531, 548, 562-566, 575-582, 630-632, 644, 650-658, 709f., 713-717, 722f., 727 to 732, 742f., 784, 817-819, 923, 955, 980, 1029 to 1035, 1132-1134, 1198, 1216f., 1264f., 1297f., 1332f., 1371-1373, 1416-1419, 1494, 1498-1500, 1573-1576, 1652-1654, 1765, 1779, and pages 49, 64

SERDICA, Nos. 603-608, 641f., 647f., 693-695 SICILY, Nos. 1764, 1820, 1825f. SIRMIum, Nos. 1045-1047, 1200, 1223f., and page 49 SISCIA, Nos. 446-456, 533-536, 567, 590-602, 634,

639f., 675-692, 719f., 724, 745f., 787f., 809, 834 to 840, 917, 925, 961-963, 984-990, 1040-1044, 1139 to 1141, 1199, 1221f., 1268-1271, 1301-1304, 1339 to 1342, 1377-1379, 1425-1430, 1503f., and page 49

SPAIN, No. 4

TARRACO, No. 29 THESSALONICA, Nos. 734, 747, 757, 771, 775-777,

789-791, 841-851, 926, 938f., 964-967, 991-997, 1048-1060, 1142-1149, 1196, 1201f., 1225-1228, 1256, 1272-1276, 1305-1308, 1343-1347, 1380 to 1387, 1431-1439, 1505-1512, 1578, 1622f., 1655, 1662, 1678, 1754, 1773, 1785, 1791, 1797-1799, 1809-1811, 1929-1931, and pages 49, 64

TICINUM, Nos. 588f., 633, 637f., 645f., 659-670, 711f., 718, 733, 744, 756, 807, 823-825

TREBIZOND, No. 1932. TREVES, Nos. 826, 924, 957, 982, 1197, 1299

UNCERTAIN ASIA MINT, Nos. 385-388, 502-508, 543 to 545, 550-557

UNCERTAIN ASIA MINOR MINT, Nos. 457-459, 568f. UNCERTAIN EASTERN MINTS, Nos. 17, 66 UNCERTAIN GALLIC MINT, No. 560 UNCERTAIN PROVINCIAL MINT, NO. 1833 UNCERTAIN MINTS (indefinite location), Nos. 13, 546,

573f., 620-622, 1680-1739, 1749, 1770, 1861 UNCERTAIN MINTS (irregular issues or forgeries),

Nos. 51, 136, 218, 250, 306, 309f., 328, 334, 516, 561, 915, 1131, 1296, 1569, 1836, 1877, 1891, 1898, 1911, 1921

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

PLATES

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

PLATE 1

131

36 136

172

S250 325

432 457

501 516

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

PLATE 2

648 573 64614

764

1137 1238 1238

607 1334 53

1687 1709

1711 1712

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

PLATE 3

1767b

1810

1819a

1829b 1836

18611877 1861

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

PLATE 4

::: i: . ... :.

..7 ,...".(• :r, -f~ II, ..... .. 17.. ..-

,,y

z...

::?

......;.

.

?' . ?•. :? • _l

. .

..... "::"'• ' •

/? ,I . •..+iZ , i. Z : l. ... . . ;ii

C4,

- ... •L::•; ... ... " -.?.. •, . i.o ,

•

k - k_ .,

%

."•-,,•- : :?; ... ;L .!..iTS : .... .:

??( / . .. .. . :i.. ,• ;?? ..... .. -,

. :.? ., ....: : : : -: " ?.:;

.- ' . • . ...

:

.. .... ..., •

,~~~?,,--. 7..-•" .? ' >"l ;•, •..r

.. ..? -7.. . ?? " .,"j~

::i ??IL

TIM. ... .... 44 F- :? ?:? .; .?Z f 4 1.

~~tip :?, b % AS AwL-?.."

i ''~'o- % P-?

"60, v -..F L A. Q Ijpl . TO.- n

u??

Actual State Plan of the Athenian Agora

© A

mer

ican

Sch

ool o

f Cla

ssic

al S

tudi

es a

t Ath

ens

For p

erso

nal u

se o

nly.

Lic

ense

: CC

-BY

-NC

-ND

.

The Athenian Agora II: Coins from the Roman through the Venetian ...

Documents

Transcript of The Athenian Agora II: Coins from the Roman through the Venetian ...