The Assyrians and Babylon
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Transcript of The Assyrians and Babylon
CHAPTER 1 , SECTION 3
THE FIRST EMPIRES
Hanging Gardens Vocabulary 1:3
NebuchadnezzarChaldean king who
rebuilt Babylon into an imperial city
THE FIRST EMPIRES
THE FIRST EMPIRESAssyria’s military power and well-organized government helped it build a vast empire in Mesopotamia by 650 B.C.
Assyria Militaristic empire in Mesopotamia 900- 610 BC
Ninevah Capital city of the Assyrian Empire Provinces Political districts Hanging Gardens An immense staircase of greenery in Babylon
near king’s palace Caravans Groups of traveling merchants Astronomers People who study the heavenly bodies.
ASSYRIANSWhat present day country takes its name from the Ancient Assyrians?
AssyriansNew empire in Mesopotamia
—the Assyrians
Fertile valleys—attracted invaders. Large army was necessary for protection.
900 BC—begin taking over parts of Mesopotamia
ASSYRIAN ARMYWhy did the Assyrians need such a formidible army presence?
Strength of Assyrian ArmyWell organized armyFoot soldiers with spears
and daggers. Bowmen and chariot riders.
First large army to use iron weapons—learned to smelt iron from Hittites.
Anyone resisting Assyrians were destroyed
ASSYRIAN ARMYWhy did the Assyrians need such a formidible army presence?
Assyrian GovernmentKings had to be strong to rule large empire
Very well organizedEmpire divided into provinces with officials to govern the provinces
Roads were built with soldiers protecting them
ASSYRIAN PROVINCESThe vastness of the Assyrian empire made it necessary to divide it into smaller units called provinces.
Assyrian GovernmentKings had to be strong to rule large empire
Very well organizedEmpire divided into provinces with officials to govern the provinces
Roads were built with soldiers protecting them
LIBRARY OF ASHURBANIPAL
The library at Ninevah inspired Alexander the Great to build libraries throughout his empire.
Life in AssyriaLived much like Babylonians
before themWere skilled buildersProduced and collected
literature One of the world’s earliest
libraries in Ninevah Epic of Gilgamesh-- oldest story
in the history of the world.
CIVIL WARIn history, Civil Wars are usually a catalyst for outside invasions. Why do you think the American Civil War did not lead to such outside interference?
Demise of AsyriaCruel treatment of people led to rebellions
650 BC—Civil wars broke out over who would be king
Chaldeans captured the capital of Ninevah in 612 BC and empire crumbled.
Babylon
Babylon was an empire for 70 years and controlled nearly the entire Middle East during this period.
606 BC-536 BC
NEBUCHADNEZZAR
Nebuchadnezzar reigned for 45 of the 70 years that the Babylonian Empire stood.
The ChaldeansKing Nebuchadnezzar—Chaldean king that led the Chaldeans to greatness in Babylon
Chaldean control 605 BC-562 BC
BABYLONThe city of Babylon was massive with:
• Walls 60 miles around
• 15 miles on each side
• 300 feet high
• 80 feet thick
• Extending some 35 feet below the ground
City of BabylonWorld’s largest and richest city
during Nebuchadnezzar’s reignSurrounded by a massive brick
wall.Large palaces and temples;
massive ziggurat at city centerHanging Gardens of BabylonAlong major trade routes;
citizens acquired great wealth trading with caravans
Babylonian Medicine
Surgery was known and even delicate operations on the eye were performed. The Babylonians had a superb knowledge of human and animal anatomy and physiology and were aware, for example, of the circulation of the blood and the pulse.
City of BabylonMajor center of science
Astronomers studied the moon and stars
One of the first sundials First to make a seven day week
(Chaldeans)
Fall of the Chaldeans539 BC- Persians captured
Babylon
•USING CAVALRY AND FOOT SOLDIERS ARMED WITH IRON WEAPONS, THE ASSYRIANS CREATED A LARGE EMPIRE THAT INCLUDED ALL OF MESOPOTAMIA AND EXTENDED INTO EGYPT.
•THE CHALDEANS BUILT A LARGE EMPIRE THAT INCLUDED BABYLON, THE LARGEST AND RICHEST CITY IN THE WORLD AT THE TIME.
Reviewing the Main Ideas