The ASHRAE 90.1-2010 EnergyCode: How it Will Affect YourProjects

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PresenterJeff Boldt, PE, LEED® AP, HBDP

KJWW Engineering (500 staff)

Principal – Director of Engineering

Voting Member ASHRAE SSPC-90.1• Chair - Healthcare Working Group (WG)

• Chair - Hydronic WG, Elevator WG, Duct Leakage WG

Member ASHRAE 189.1

Author AEDG Small & Large Healthcare

Member WHEA Code Committee, WI Energy & HVAC CCs

Member FGI Acoustical Working Group

Agenda

What is ASHRAE 90.1?

How is ASHRAE 90.1 enforced?

What changed in 90.1-2010?

Challenges?

Suggestions for compliance

What is ANSI/ASHRAE/IESStandard 90.1?

ASHRAE 90.1

World’s most adopted building energy code?

Basis for International Energy ConservationCode (IECC)

Compliance option in the IECC

Minimum code standard

NOT aimed at 2030 ChallengeASHRAE to achieve NZEB in AEDGs & 189.1

Scope of ASHRAE 90.1

Energy conservation codefor buildings, except low-rise residential

Envelope

HVAC

Service Water Heating

Power & Lighting

Other

Scope of ASHRAE 90.1

Buildings, except low-rise residentialNot 3 stories or less residential or anysingle-family residences

Low-rise hotel, prison, etc. are covered

New buildings and their systems

New portions of buildings & systems

New systems (equipment) in existingbuildings

8 Temperature ‘zones’ + ABC = 17

Scope Addition

New equipment or building systemsspecifically identified in the standardthat are part of industrial ormanufacturing processes

Computer rooms are the first application

How is ASHRAE 90.1Enforced?

How 90.1 is Enforced

EPAct 1992 requires DOE to revieweach version of 90.1 & requires allstates to have energy codessubstantially equal to the latest‘approved’ version

DOE issues “Determinations”Theoretically, within one year

States are given two years to comply

DOE Determination

90.1-2010 was given a positivedetermination

States were notified October, 2011 thatthey must comply by October, 2013

Not All States Comply

Several states do not have a statewidebuilding or energy code

Each jurisdiction adopts its own code

Most States Comply

Indiana adopts 90.1-2007

Iowa, and Wisconsin adopt 2009 IECCwith amendments

The 2009 IECC includes 90.1-2007 as acompliance option

Illinois adopted IECC-2012 1/1/2013

2012 IECC adopts 90.1-2010

State Compliance Map

Why Should I Comply?

Required for LEED CertificationPrerequisite and need a couple points

Appendix G for more points

90.1-2010 for LEED version 4

Onerous requirements in IECC-2012

Required for all federal facilities

Saves energy

What Changed in ASHRAE90.1 - 2010?

ASHRAE 90.1-201090.1-2010 was released in October 2010

Goal was 30% less energy than 90.1-2004

2007 version saved only a few %

IECC has incorporated most changes2009 has some

2011 interim update

2012 major edition accepts 90.1-2010

ASHRAE 90.1-2010

Many ChangesElevators was addendum DF!!

118 addenda proposed

Building Envelope

2007 RequirementsSpecifies wall, floor, and roof R-values

Windows and doors• 40% window limit

• Window U and SHGF (NFRC 400)

• Vestibules

Building Envelope

No change in 2010

Significant Changes in 2013Roof Insul R20/16 cz1 >> R35/20 cz8

SHGF 0.25/0.40 cz1 >> 0.34/0.45 cz8

U-values 0.65/1.2 cz1 >> 0.34/0.45 cz8

VT/SHGC ratio 1.1 includes frame

Building Envelope – Addendum (--)

Insulation (for 2013: not in 2010)Example – Zone 6 (Madison) Steel Framed• 2007 – R-13 + R-7.5 c.i.

– 2” of expanded polystyrene (bead board)

• 2013 – R-13 + R-15 c.i.– 4.0” of expanded polystyrene (at 3.8/inch)

– Potential conflict between 90.1 and IBC

– R-18.8 in Zone 7 = 5” EPS, 4” XPS, or 3.5” ISO

– R-10 in Zone 4 = 3” EPS, 2.5” XPS or 2” ISO

Building Envelope

Building Envelope – for 2013

Maximum 30% glass in prescriptive pathException: 40% if• Distribute glass to daylight > 50% of floor area

• Install daylight dimming

Is Envelope Important?

I think envelopematters!

Envelope – Continuity – Too Late

Building Envelope – Air Barrier (bf)

Air barrier & joints must be detailed

Air Barriers

Materials < 0.004 cfm/SF

Assembly < 0.040 cfm/SF

Building Envelope

More S glazing than either E or W (bn)Building orientation

Land purchases and campus planning

No public review comments

ExceptionsStorefront, Shaded building, Infill withnearby building on south, Alterations withno increase in glazing

Building Envelope

Building Envelope – Changing 2013

Miscellaneous

Cool roofs (f)Cz1-3, with exceptions

5.5.4.2.3 Minimum Skylight Fenestration Area. In enclosedspaces that are:

i. greater than 10,000ft2, and [5,000 ft2*]ii. directly under a roof with ceiling heights greater than 15 ft, andiii. one of the following space types: office, lobby, atrium, concourse,

corridor, storage, gymnasium/exercise center, convention center,automotive service, manufacturing, non-refrigerated warehouse,retail, distribution/sorting area, transportation, or workshop.

The total skylight area shall be either;• a. a minimum of 3% of the roof area of that enclosed space with a

skylight VLT at least 0.40, or• b. such that the daylight area under skylights will be a minimum of

half the floor area and provide a minimum skylight effective apertureof at least 1%.

These skylights shall have a glazing material or diffuser with a measuredhaze value greater than 90% when tested according to ASTM D1003.General lighting in the daylight area shall be controlled as described inSection 9.4.1.4.

Skylights in Large Interior Spaces

Building Envelope

Suggestions for compliancePlan building orientation early

Shade glass or use low SHGF

Early integration of architecture and MEPengineering

• Envelope design affects HVAC design

• Energy modeling for comparing options and balancingefficiency with cost

HVAC

ScopeEquipment efficiency ratings

Fan Power

Energy recovery

Reheat limitations

Economizers

Duct sealing and leakage

Other

Fan Power

2007 requirementsCAV = 0.94 BHP/1000 cfm + Allowances

VAV = 1.30 BHP/1000 cfm + Allowances

Allowances for:• Ducted return• Return control devices• Filters• Heat recovery (wording clarifications for 2013)• Silencers

Fan Power

2010 requirements (VAV)Offices <1.5 BHP/1000 cfm

Labs & Hospitals <2.3 BHP/1000 cfm• Based on brake HP

• Includes all fans running at peak cooling load

• Also in IECC 2009 & 2012

Fan Power

Suggestions for complianceEfficient fansLow static systems• Larger air handling units (but smaller motors)• Fewer duct turns• Shorter duct runs• Requires early coordination of architectural

design with HVAC design• Sell the advantages!

Fan Power

2007 ERU allowanceWhatever the pressure drop is

2010 ERU allowance (dj)(2.2*effectiveness – 0.5) per airstream,except Runaround coils = 0.6”

Provides incentive for higher efficiencyenergy recovery

Energy Recovery – 2013 Changes?

2007 – if >70% OA and >5,000 cfm

Reheat – Typical VAV Hospital

Reheat

2007 requirementsUnlimited reheat if there are any pressurecontrolled spaces – many constant volumehospitals and labs

Many exceptions

Reheat2010 requirements

No reheat allowed unless:• ≤30% of peak flow (≤50% if 20% DB) or

• Flow no more than required air changes

Exception if 75% of heat is recovered

Bans CAV systems in most hospitals & labs

ORs only pressurized when unoccupied

IECC WAS Less Restrictive

2012 IECC deleted a critical exceptionVAV becomes non-compliant for manybuildings (in prescriptive path)

Limit on Overhead Air Heating (BX)

Limits heating air temperature to 20F aboveroom temperature when both supply outletand return/exhaust inlet are >6-feet AFF

Supplemental heat may be needed

OR

Better envelope may be needed

Reheat

Suggestions for complianceVAV systems

Perimeter heating

Condenser reheat

Heat pumps, fan coils, or chilled beamswith dedicated outside air systems (DOAS)and enthalpy recovery

Economizers

2007 requirementsExempt if over 25% of area served ishumidified above 35F dew-point (~22%RH)

Exempt if <11 tons

Not required in 1a&b, 2a, 3a & 4a

Economizers

2007

2010 (cy)

Economizers (cy)

Requires water economizer for somezones required to be humidified

Run cooling towers in the winter

Hospitals & some labs

Economizers - 2013

Possible changes in 2013

May have required too much in hot,humid zones in 2010

Economizers – None vs. Air

Economizers – Air vs. Water

Economizers – Water vs. Condenser

Energy Recovery Chillers for HealthcareFacilities & Labs, Etc.

Economizers

Suggestions for complianceUse a winterized cooling tower• Good energy saving measure for hospitals

Condenser Reheat• No risk of tower freezing

• Good payback in new construction

• Synergistic with water economizer

AHU Heat Gain (2013)

F&B Coils6.5.2.5 Preheat Coils.Preheat coils shall havecontrols that stop their heatoutput whenever mechanicalcooling, includingeconomizer, is occurring.

Humidifiers – 2013

6.5.2.4.3 Humidification systemdispersion tube hot surfaces in theairstream of ducts or air handling unitsshall be insulated with a product withan insulating value of at least R-0.5.

Duct Sealing (cq)

Ductwork and plenums with pressureratings shall be seal class A

Shaft openings require bushings

25% of duct systems over 3” w.g. andALL outdoor ducts shall be leak tested

Tested sections chosen by owner

Leakage class = 4 for all ducts

Duct Leakage

Seal Class vs. Leakage Class

Seal Class CSeal all transverse joints only

Seal Class BAll transverse joints and longitudinal seams

Seal Class AAll transverse joints, longitudinal seams,and duct wall penetrations

Leakage Class

Example: Leakage Class 4 means 100SF of duct will leak ≤ 4 cfm at 1” w.c.

Formula: Lmax = CLP0.65

Lmax = maximum permitted leakage cfm/100 ft2duct surface area;

CL = 4 (90.1-2010; 6 and 3 in SMACNA), ductleakage class, cfm/100 ft2 duct surface area at 1 in.w.c.; and

P = test pressure, which shall be equal to the designduct pressure class rating, in. w.c.

Domestic Water Preheat

No changes

Required if:Facility operates 24 hours a day.

Total installed heat rejection capacity of thewater-cooled systems exceeds 6,000,000 (~430cooling tons) Btu/h of heat rejection, and

Design service water heating load exceeds1,000,000 Btu/h.

Other HVAC Changes

Pump head calculation

Chilled water pipe sizing

Chilled water pump VSDs & pressure reset

Radiant panel insulation

Single-zone VAV requirements

Supply air temperature resetOne of the larger savings

Other Mechanical Changes

Upped equip efficiencies – a, k, y, ao, t,bw, aj, bk

Added new equip – I, …A&L = cooling tower efficiencies

Y = Pool heaters

M = chillers compromise efficiency• Path A & B

Other Mechanical Changes

BT extends chiller rating range andadds glycol and brine

CY extends efficiency tradeoff foreconomizers to all system types

Other Mechanical Changes

BU= data centers = 3% of USA energyCritical data centers definition continues tobe revised

CO increases PTAC efficiency andextends to evap cooled equipment

Other Mechanical Changes

Cp = VRF efficiencies per AHRIEasy limits in 2010

LightingCovers

Interior spaces of buildings

Exterior building features

Exterior grounds lighting powered through building• Exceptions

– Emergency lighting that is normally off

– Lighting required by life safety statute

– Lighting in dwelling units

Triggering Criteria for Retrofits

2007≥50% of building connected lighting load

2010≥10% of building connected lighting load

LightingLighting Power Density (LPD)

Building Area Method• Table 9.5.1

Space-by-Space Method• Calculate each zone

Energy Cost Budget Method• For all systems (energy modeling)

Lighting

~ 30 lighting addenda

2 wattage reduction addenda

28 lighting control addenda

LPD dropped a little ~10% on average

Lighting

Lighting power density changes for 2010

* Few changes between 2004 and 2007

*

Lighting Controls

No daylighting rules until 2010

Addenda d, ab, al, ct

Obstructions >5’ tall end daylit areas

Daylit Lighting Controls (ab)

Lighting control for daylighted spacesPrimary sidelighted area

Secondary sidelighted area

Toplighting

Daylighted area (under skylights)

Exterior Lighting

5 zones (i)National parks

Residential

Other

Metro

0 – 1300W + 0-1.0 W/SF

Occupancy Sensors

Added training rooms, lecture halls,storage 50-1000sf, offices ≤250SF,restrooms, dressing/locker rooms

Manual onExceptions – restrooms, public corridorsand stairs

Bi-level control for most spacesNot corridors

Alterations

Interior and exterior alterations mustcomply

Includes lamp+ballast replacements

Parking Garage

Reduce power 30% if no activity in>3600SF area

Exterior (cd)

MUST turn off exterior lighting whensufficient daylight is available

Astronomical timer or daylight sensor

Façade and landscape lighting off frommidnight or closing to 6am or opening

Control Incentives

Addendum AC allows more LPD if morecontrols are added

Most options allow 5-10% increase

Stairwell & Emergency Lights (cu)

Reduce power 50% within 30 minutes

Controversial in committee

Not approved by BOD, but might saveyou energy

Functional Testing (az)

Lighting control devices and controlsystems shall be tested to ensure thatcontrol hardware and software arecalibrated, adjusted, programmed, andin proper working condition inaccordance with the constructiondocuments and manufacturer’sinstallation instructions.

Lighting Automatic Shutoff

Whole-building shutoff for all spacesExceptions for:• Patient care areas

• Lighting required for 24-hour use

• Where automatic-off would be unsafe

Individual space controls

Tandem Wiring - Deleted

Exit Signs Limited to 5 Watts

Lighting – 2010 Additions

“X” extended shutoff requirements to:Buildings <5,000 SF

Private offices

Storage rooms

Restrooms

9.4.1.3 Automatic Daylighting Controls for Primary SidelightedAreas. When the combined primary sidelighted area in an enclosed spaceexceeds 1,000 ft2, the lamps for general lighting in the primary sidelightedarea shall be separately controlled by at least one multi-level photocontrol(including continuous dimming devices) having the following characteristics:

(a) the light sensor for the photocontrol shall be remote from wherecalibration adjustments are made;

(b) the calibration adjustments shall be readily accessible; and

(c) the multi-level photocontrol shall reduce electric lighting in responseto available daylight with at least one control step that is between 50%and 70% of design lighting power and another control step that is nogreater than 35% (including off) of design power.

Lighting controls when day-lit (ab)

Lighting

Suggestions for complianceMinimize or eliminate incandescent use

Use efficient sources – e.g. super T-8

Use efficient fixtures

Pick your battles

Power – Controversial! (overturned)

“BZ” may add separate monitoring of:Total electrical energy

HVAC systems electricity

Exterior lighting

Interior lighting

Receptacle circuits

15-minute reporting

Power - Receptacles (bs)

50% of 120V need automatic control inoffices and computer classrooms

Includes modular partitions

OptionsTime of day

Occupancy sensor

Another control or alarm system

Power - Receptacles (bs)

Exceptions:Receptacles specifically designated forequipment requiring 24 hour operation

Spaces where patient care is rendered

Spaces where an automatic shutoff wouldendanger the safety or security of theroom or building occupant(s).

Other Equipment

Booster PumpsSensor to start and/or control speed

Remote sensor or simulation logic

No PRV at pumps

Pumps off when no flow

Other Equipment

ElevatorsLighting efficacy ≥35 LPW

Ventilation ≤ 0.33 W/cfm

Lights & fans off if unused for >15 minutes

2013 – Elevator movement efficiency

2013 – Escalators & fast-walks

ECB & Appendix G

AI clarifies purchased heat/cooling

BJ = ventilation effectiveness

DA – baseline ventilation is code, notsame in both models!

DN – adds systems 10 & 11 forwarehouses, stairwells, etc that aren’theated

Energy Modeling

16 buildings, 17 climate zones

Weighting factors

Hospital 2.8% of USA SF, Clinic 3.5%

Warehouse 13%, Stand-alone retail12%

44 addenda for 2007

64 more for 2010

90.1 Progress Indicator

1,632 runs = 16 buildings x 17 climatezones x three 90.1 standards x two 62.1standards

90.1-2010 Savings over 90.1-2004

25% including plug loads

31% excluding plug loads

Which Facility Do You Want to Own?

Check Lists

What if I Want More?

IgCC 2010 (includes 189.1) – More thanenergy

ASHRAE-USGBC-IESNA Standard 189.1

Advanced Energy Design Guide seriesOffice, school, small healthcare, warehouse

50% now for SMO. Large Hospitals.

AEDG

Small HealthcareHospitals

Clinics

Cookbook method toachieve ~40%savings over 90.1-1999

AEDG – Small Healthcare

Up to 90,000 SF

Includes hospitals, ASC, etc.

Not MOB that has no procedures

AEDG – Small Healthcare

Similar savings to ASHRAE 90.1-2010

AEDGs qualify for LEED EnergyPrerequisite without energy modeling

Documentation is still required

Existing AEDGs also qualify for 1 point

AEDG – Large Healthcare

AEDG – Large Healthcare

AEDG Big PictureNO STEAM

“Advanced” VAV

Heat pump and Fan-Coil with DOAS

Lower fan energy

Ceiling height controversy

Unoccupied patient room ventilation

AEDG Big Picture

Many requirements for a simpleprescriptive path – no trusting anenergy model!

Hospitals can use 50% less energy,even with USA codes!

We’ve done +/- 100 KBtu/Sf/Year

Other Healthcare Topic

AEDG Large Healthcare

FGI-2010 Acoustical Requirements

Geothermal Healthcare HVAC

Contact

Want a copy or a presentation?

Questions

Jeff Boldtboldtjg@kjww.com

(608) 223-9600

(608) 221-6709 direct

www.KJWW.com