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The Arizona Center for Algae Technology and ... - BIO€¦ · The Arizona Center for Algae...
Transcript of The Arizona Center for Algae Technology and ... - BIO€¦ · The Arizona Center for Algae...
The Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation (AzCATI):
Algae Testbeds in Support of the Food Energy Water Nexus
Waste Nutrients and Energy for Production of Microalgae and Other Industrial Microorganisms
Wednesday July 26, 2017 8:30 AM - 10:00 AMJohn A. McGowen Ph.D., PMP
Director of Operations and Program ManagementArizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation
• Introduction to ASU and AzCATI
• Brief portfolio overview of algae research at
ASU
• Potential for Algae WWT in the Desert
Southwest and other Arid Environments
• Summary and Perspectives
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Agenda
The Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation (AzCATI) Arizona State
University was formed in 2010 through federal stimulus funding designated by the
Science Foundation of Arizona to serve as a hub for research, testing, and
commercialization of algae-based technologies and products.
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Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation
• Connect
• Advance
• Collaborate
• Educate
• Launch
• Strain development for multiple applications
• Carbon capture and bioremediation from industrial/municipal/Ag sources
• Development of next generation algal mass culture systems and processes
• System scale-up and systems/processes integration
• Evaluation of algae products/co-products
• LCA and techno-economical assessment of algae-based biotechnologies
• Development of State/National test bed facilities
Unique capabilities for comprehensive and
integrated solutions to Food/Energy/Water
AzCATI and ASU
19,300 sq ft lab & office space
Research Laboratory and Testbed Facility for
Feedstock Production and an Open Collaboration
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AzCATI/ASU Algae Portfolio 2010-2016
AzCATI – $4M. CO2; Reactor development; Strain selection and development; Wastewater;
Downstream processing and nutrient/media recycling; Test bed expansion
(Dirks/Sommerfeld/Hu)
ARPA-e – $7M. Cyano-bacterial based photosynthetic factories - secrete fatty acids for fuel
production (Vermaas)
USDA – $1M. Development of best management practices for algal crop protection
(Sommerfeld/Hu)
SABC (DOE) – $ 7.5M. Biochemical conversion of algae to fuels; QA/QC protocols &
characterization; Enzymatic pretreatment for fuels (Dirks/Hu/Sommerfeld). This work
continues through to today with NREL now as lead.
DOE – $0.5m. Managing microbial ecology in cultivation systems (led out of Biodesign
Institute at ASU – Rittmann)
REAP (DOE)- $6.2M. “Realization of Algae Potential” (Lammers)
Tech Incubator (DOE) - $2M Mixotrophic extremophiles for hot arid environments (Lammers)
Tech Incubator (DOE) - $2M Engineered cyanobacteria for the production of ethyl laurate as
feedstock for biofuels or bioproducts (Vermaas)
ATP3 (DOE) – $15M. National algae test bed network (Dirks/McGowen)
PACE (DOE)– $1M (AzCATI), $12.5M total, Led by LANL/CSM, genetically engineered strains
for combined biofuel and bioproducts (McGowen)
ACED (DOE) – $1M Atmospheric CO2 capture and Membrane Delivery (led out of the
Biodesign Institute at ASU - Rittmann/Lackner)
NSF - $0.3 M. Targeted saturated fatty acids synthesis by microbial biohydrogenation and
extraction through selective fermentation (Rittmann)
• The strain produces a bioactive that appears to cure bovine mastitis
– Completed cow study using biomass as a feed supplement and concentrated supernatant intravenously
– 90% cure rate as a feed supplement
• Work continues on production scale-up and mass production
– Successfully employed continuous harvesting on the same culture for almost one year (Nov 24, 2015) in positive pressurized greenhouse cell
Elucidation, Identification and Separation of Bioactive
Compounds from a Complex Ecosystem of Microorganisms
PI’s: Dr Thomas Dempster and
Dr. Hank Gerken
Carbon Capture Projects with SRP and OUCPI: Dr. Thomas Dempster
Projects focus on:
• Isolation and screening of native
strains
• On-site source water quality
assessment and availability
• Assessment of on-site nutrient (N&P)
availability and/or nearby low cost
nutrient acquisition
• Pilot plant siting and acquisition of flue
gas slipstream
• Potential products from flue gas
derived biomass and corresponding
market analyses
Coronado Generating Station, St. John’s, Arizona
Stanton Energy Center, Orlando, Florida
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Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment and Delivery (ACED):PI’s Dr. Bruce Rittmann and Dr. Klaus Lackner
• Project led out of the Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology and the Center for Negative Carbon Emissions with pilot testing at AzCATI
• Capture atmospheric CO2; concentrate into stream of 5 ‒ 80% CO2
• CO2 storage buffer to ensure adequate supply at any time• Bubble-less CO2 delivery: >90% to media, >70% to biomass
http://engineering.asu.edu/cncehttps://biodesign.asu.edu/environmental-biotechnology
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“Producing Algae for Coproducts and Energy”: PACE
AzCATI Role: Obtain EPA TERA permit
and perform GE Chlorella sorokiniana
cultivation trails in OPEN PONDS
• 2 yr DOE funded project (DE-EE0007562)
• Current focus on mixitrophicoutdoor cultivation of Galdieriasulphuraria for wastewater treatment
• Objective– Demonstrate a mixitrophic PBR
production platform for MULTIPLE wastewater sources that
• Is stable with respect to microbial composition
• Has high harvest density 3-10 g/L AFDW
• Has high productivity potential >>50 g/m2-day
– Has low evaporation• Deployable across entire southern tier of US or
alternate world arid environments
– Minimizes seasonal productivity differences
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“A Novel Platform for Algal Biomass Production Using Cellulosic Mixotrophy”
PI: Dr. Pete Lammers
1. Dryland and non-arable land use to:
a) minimize food/fuel tradeoffs
b) minimize land-use change related CO2 emissions
2. Design for maximum possible water efficiency
a) Utilize plastic enclosures and condensate collection
b) Rotate strains for seasonal PBR thermal management
c) Recycle water, nutrients and minimize blowdown volumes
3. Energy Recovery Pathway: HTL-CHG
4. Application Agnostic: high-value -> WWT -> bioproducts via metabolic engineering -> fuel
Algae Extremophile Platform
Design Concepts with Arid Region Focus
Cyanidiales (Red microalgae)
Key Phenotypes
• Evolved geographically isolated hot
springs
• Small genomes (~15 Mbp) with high
genetic diversity
• Thermotolerance: 20 – 56oC; >63oC for
several peak afternoon hours
• Autotrophic, mixotrophic and
heterotrophic growth modes
• Optimum pH range 1 to 4; no growth at
pH 7 (self-limiting)
• Metabolic pH drop via NH4+ assimilation
and H+ transport
• Easy and stable outdoor cultivation
phenotypes in closed systems with
passive solar heat gain
Galdieria
sulphuraria
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Algae Extremophile Platform
Design Concepts with Arid Region Focus
Autotrophic Outdoor Growth
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Temperature(C)
AFD
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Averagegrowth Wateraddi on Restart Rain AverageTemp
Near-term Algal
Biotechnology Applications
For CO2 Consumption
• Municipal wastewater
treatment
• Treatment of high-
strength wastewaters
e.g. Anaerobic Digester
“Centrate”
• Acidic mine waste
treatment via metal
precipitation
• Wastewater treatment is expensive and energy intensive (>3% of U.S. electrical consumption)
• Chemical energy in wastewater (7.6 kJ/L) is wasted using current technology [Environ Sci Technol. (2011) 45:827-32]
• Energy-positive WWT provides
– Profit potential for environmental stewardship
– Major public health benefits (Cholera, etc)
• Economically viable approach to Finance WWT projects based on energy returns
It is the only algae technology with disruptive economic potential.
Why Algae-based Wastewater Treatment?
• Stand alone biofuel plant with co/products?? Not likely.
• Co-location with wastewater treatment plant for nutrients and carbon
– Theoretical photosynthetic biomass increase of 106/12 = 8.8 fold higher than activated sludge biomass
C:N:P in microbial biomass = ~106:16:1
C:N:P in wastewater = 12:22:1
– Anaerobic Digestion Centrate – highly concentrated N and P well suited to high-density mixotrophic cell density
– Current practice is to mix centrate with incoming primary wastewater creating a parasitic load
– Current price of N-remove is ~$6/Kg. – Diversion of centrate to direct CeMix algae
cultivation would save $5.25M per year for a 100 MGD plant that serves ~667,000 people
Goal: Net energy recovery via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and catalytic
hydrothermal gasification (CHG) using biosolids and algal biomass as the feedstock
Challenge: Reducing the areal footprint requirement (PBRs vs open raceways or high-
rate oxidation ponds)
What are the economic benefits of “free” nutrients and independence from CO2 sourcing? Is this technically feasible?
Anaerobic digester centrate has high concentrations of ammonium ions and phosphate; G. sulphuraria grows readily in undiluted centrate, even when spiked with extra ammonium to 1400 PPM.
What are the economic benefits of “free” nutrients and independence from CO2 sourcing? Is this technically feasible?
Sources of CO2
– Mixotrophic metabolism is stoichometric balanced with respect to carbon
CH2O + O2 CO2 + H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
– CO2 utilization efficiency will not be 100% despite the metabolic CO2 being delivered directly as CO2 (aqueous) thus avoiding gas/liquid mass transfer inefficiencies. Need an additional CO2 source to have a chance at CO2 independence
– AD centrate has very high alkalinity as HCO3- and CO2 is released during centrate
acidification. Engineering issues and costs need to be determined.
– Key question: Do the economic savings from, phycocyanin co-product, “free” nutrients, CO2 independence and the AD-centratediversion savings “pay” for the PBR and cellulose substrate costs?
*courtesy of NREL – R. Davis
*courtesy of CSU – J. Quinn group
2016 - $10M HTL/CHG Project in Vancouver, BCFeedstock = Biosolids from WWTP
http://www.genifuel.com/text/2015%20Fall%20Watermark%20HTP%20Article.pdfhttp://www.pnnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-25464.pdf
Genifuel, Inc. licensing PNNL Technology
Energy Extraction from Wet Biomass via
Hydrothermal Liquefaction
• Red algal extremophiles in the Cyanidiales group tolerate very high temperatures, supporting our design objectives for low-evaporation growth systems with passive solar heating.
• Broad range of substrates (C-wastes) can be utilized to support mixotrophic growth
• Low cultivation pH values (1.0 – 2.5) and high temperatures suppress growth of competitors, grazers and pathogens (additional benefit may be in removal/metabolism of chemicals of emerging concern in WWT)
• Can tolerate high strength wastewaters – and in fact thrive• Co-product opportunities – clean water, natural pigments, biomass
for energy recovery/biofuel production, feed(?) etc.
Summary
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THANK YOU!
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