The Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 - 2015 · Overall, the Argyll and Bute...

The Argyll and ButeLocal Biodiversity Action Plan

2010 - 2015

Argyll and Bute Biodiversity Action Plan - Draft

i

This document sets out the projects which partners will deliver in the Council area over the next 5 years (2010-2015). Divided into 6 Ecosystem Work Programmes,these priority projects have emerged from a long process of consultation, a detailed review of the first Plan and the Scottish Government’s more recent biodiversitypriorities. Several other factors have also been particularly important in determining the Plan’s scope, and how it will be delivered up to 2015.

Firstly, the inescapable fact is we are facing a major economic recession, which is likely to last at least for the first half of the Plan period. The scope and ambitionof the new LBAP has had to reflect these circumstances. Whilst a range of excellent and valuable projects are already being carried out by project partners, allbodies, particularly the Council and government agencies face substantial cuts. The result is less public money for biodiversity work and on top of this the state ofthe economy will have a knock on effect for the charity sector on which so much conservation work depends. In response to these economic constraints, theapproach taken in the LBAP is to highlight the work organisations are carrying out, with the aim of drawing contributions to these projects from other sources,especially the private sector. With any funds and staff capacity that this frees up, resources become available to undertake new conservation projects. A smallnumber of high priority, but as yet un-funded projects have therefore been included in the LBAP, that partners want to implement if resources become available.

The second major influence on biodiversity work over 2010-2015 is the continued peak of forest harvesting in Argyll and Bute. Forest designs have greatlyimproved since the days when these forests were originally planted. New commercial plantations replacing these early forests have a higher proportion of openspace, more native broadleaves, and avoid sensitive habitats. This whole process of removal and improved forest planting creates a huge opportunity to redresssome of the forest industry’s earlier impacts on wildlife. It also provides the chance to tackle invasive species in some cases, with the removal and suppression ofRhododendron in particular. This range of opportunities are reflected in the Woodlands Work Programme.

The third key factor over the 2010 to 2015 period is a step change in the government’s investment to tackle climate change and energy security. Argyll and Bute isespecially well endowed with biomass, wind, wave and tidal opportunities, and the Council area is at the forefront of renewable energy development in the UK.These developments do, however, also bring real concerns about possible wildlife impacts, and it is critical that developments are steered away from sites wherethey risk having a significant impact on key species and habitats. Renewable energy projects do, however, represent an important opportunity over the next 5years to increase our understanding of the distribution and abundance of many protected species and habitats, on and also offshore, through the ecological surveysrequired as part of their planning applications.

Fourthly, through the passage of the Marine Act, and work to establish marine protected areas and management zones, it is likely that, steps to better protect andsustainably manage the marine environment will be taken. Campaigners have lobbied for many years to get progress in this area, and the hope is progress willsoon be delivered.

The last major influence of special relevance over the Plan period is the operation of the Scottish Rural Development Plan. Applications to this central governmentfunding by land owners and managers can include a number of measures directly aimed at enhancing biodiversity. The operation of the scheme has had a slowstart, with a number of applicants awaiting the outcome. Once these are processed, however, and the approval process becomes more streamlined, the hope isthat more land owners and managers will submit applications with biodiversity benefits. The range of species and habitats that potentially stand to benefit areincluded in several projects within the Woodlands, Marine and Coastal, Upland and Lowland and Farmland Work Programmes.

Welcome to the Second Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Action Plan.


ii

Overall, the Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Action Plan 2010-2015 is therefore taking place at a difficult time, but not one without important new opportunities.As always, the responsibility for implementation depends on the good will, enthusiasm, creativity and determination of those key organisations featured in this Plan.Thanks to them, it is set to deliver important benefits for this area’s very special wildlife.


iii

SummaryThe Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Action Plan (LBAP) 2010-2015 sets out over 70 priority conservation projects being implemented by variousgroups over the Plan period. These priority projects will help assess, maintain and enhance a wide range of habitats and species across theCouncil area, and already have funding and resources largely in place.

To help integrate this work, and to foster closer partnership working, the LBAP draws these projects together into 6 Ecosystem Work Programmes,an approach which follows the nationally recognised Ecosystem approach to LBAP delivery. The Freshwater, Marine and Coastal, Lowland andFarmland, Woodland, Upland and the Built Environment Ecosystem Work Programmes therefore each give the details, outputs, schedule, targetsand partners delivering each project. In addition, these Work Programmes also includes a suite of potential projects which have yet to be funded,but which have lead partners keen to do the work if resources become available.

The habitats and species covered by the LBAP have been taken from the UK and Scottish Biodiversity Lists, with a small number also identified asbeing of local importance All are under threat and in decline. Some are familiar, others less so, but all are equally important to the special diversityof life found in Argyll & Bute.

The Local Biodiversity Partnership

Argyle and Bute’s local biodiversity plan is a shared agenda, to be delivered in partnership to conserve and enhance the biodiversity of the Councilarea. Its overarching aim is:

‘To conserve and enhance biological diversity within the UK and tocontribute to the conservation of global biodiversity through all

appropriate mechanisms’.


iv

The functions of the Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Action Planare:

to translate UK and Scottish Action Plan targets for habitats andspecies into positive action at local level;to stimulate effective local working partnerships to maintain andenhance biodiversity;to raise awareness about the need and responsibilities ofsupporting biodiversity in the local context;to identify targets for habitats and species important in the localarea - these include both rare and common according to localpriorities;to ensure that delivery mechanisms for the enhancement ofbiodiversity are promoted and understood at local level;to provide a local basis for monitoring conservation progress.

The benefits of the LBAP and the Ecosystem Approach are:

to raise awareness, highlight the influence of biodiversity on thequality of life and economic opportunities, promote knowledge andemphasise the local character and distinctiveness that biodiversitycontributes to Argyll and Bute;to promote positive and effective action through work programmesby prioritisation of habitats/species and resources in addition tomeasuring achievement through the identification of clear projectobjectives and targets;to involve people from a range of sectors to participate, helpimplement and develop responsibility for the LBAP;to identify and attract further resources from a broad range ofopportunities which will enable pooling of resources and make thebest use of existing funding;to provide for integration of local biodiversity priorities into otherplans, programmes and strategies, including statutory developmentplans andto convert broad sustainability objectives into specific actions forhabitats and species linking to and forming an integral componentof the Community Planning work programme.


v

AcknowledgementsBehind this Plan are the people and organisations driving forward wildlife conservation in Argyll and Bute. We are very grateful for all theirgenerous contributions to this Plan through recommendations for projects and information on species and habitats. Included in our thanks arealso those who provided photographs, including Scottish Natural Heritage, RSPB Images (Andy Hay). A full list of participating organisations andtheir abbreviations are set out in Appendix 1.

The Argyll Islands – Inspiring future naturalists

Dalriada’s ancient rulers were guiding my way that winter morning. A pale full moon shone west, towards the isles. The large ferry softly ruffled the satin watersof the loch and as we turned into a light westerly, my mind drifted to the wonderland ahead. Geese near and far, raptors widespread, waders up close, over 100bird species on this island alone! Islay in winter – magic!

I had the year ahead planned out – a week here, a week there, permission sought and granted, pets farmed out! My sleep was filled each night with great finds:the near endemic Welch’s Money Spider on Tiree; rare migrant goose species on Islay; white-tailed eagles drifting by within meters on Mull. I awoke eachmorning feeling like I was Lord of the Isles.

Ever since I was young I set the islands of Argyll high on my list as a land to conquer. The mild, wet, Atlantic climate; its varied woodland, undulating terrain withlowland, and upland; its long, snaking coastline with a rich marine ecosystem make this region probably ‘the’ area with the greatest biodiversity in all of Scotland.On my trips I planned to scale the Paps of Jura and see golden eagles dip and dive with their neighbours; discover locally common, but nationally scarcebutterflies like the marsh fritillary on Islay and explore the sand dunes of Coll with the hope of catching a glimpse of the elusive sand lizard from the only colony inScotland.

Local ferries provided me with the sea road to complete the adventure, along with maybe some chance sightings of Manx shearwaters wing tipping the waves,gannets plunge diving (their reinforced skull key to their fishing technique) and maybe a cry from the upper decks that a local ‘A’ list celebrity was spotted! I’m nottalking human, of course, but regular locals like Minke whale, basking shark or Atlantic dolphin.

As I neared Port Ellen on that inaugural visit, the sun was just breaking sky over The Oa. I gently started up the family estate, patted the dashboard and mutteredsome words of encouragement. The bright sun flooded the hold and as we rolled down the ramp, a wee butterfly fluttered inside and my dreams dissolved.

The islands of Argyll play host to a huge variety of wildlife that has inspired many. It is only through ongoing biodiversity conservation action that this can bemaintained. But, with this new Biodiversity Action Plan we are committing to this work, and ensuring that future generations will be able to tell their friends, familyand grandchildren of their own Argyll and Bute odyssey, just as exciting as that described above by our future wildlife enthusiast.


vi

ForewordIn this era of uncertain times, we too often underestimate the contribution that the biodiversity process and actions can have on our land, freshwater andmarine resources that we depend on, directly or indirectly for our business or employment, or which contributes to our quality of life and well-being.

When I became involved as chair of Argyll & Bute Local Biodiversity Partnership, I was particularly impressed with the variety of habitats and species thatby all accounts gives us the accolade of having ‘Some of the best Biodiversity in Britain’. The partnership leads on many important local projects whichhave inspired others to engage with local communities and businesses by our successes with the Community Action for Biodiversity Phase I and Phase IIprojects ‘Make the Link with your Sink’ to mention a few. Nationally, we work in partnership to deliver biodiversity benefits to many important habitats andspecies through the woodland grazing project and the Rhododendron ponticum project , which extends from Argyll to the Loch Lomond and the TrossachsNational Park. We have lead the way in recognising that Invasive Non-Native Species is one of the biggest threats to our biodiversity and economicdevelopment. We are working with partners to engage with landowners to control Rhododendron ponticum and Japanese Knotweed.

Our business community has become more conscious than most of the need to care for our environment and recognise their capacity to contribute to its’conservation by adopting green measures in terms of recycling, e-purchasing and renewable resources and energy. Similarly, our farmers, crofters,landowners, foresters, fishermen and anglers, tourism providers and individuals recognise they can all play our part in the conservation and enhancementof our biodiversity and accrue economic benefits from our ecosystem services.

The revised Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Action Plan has taken a lead from the Scottish Biodiversity Strategies Implementation Plans by adopting theecosystem approach. This is a shared approach with the Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Authority Biodiversity Action Plan. Our ecosystems areWoodland, Freshwater, Marine and Coastal, Upland, Lowland and Farmland and the Built environment; individual work programmes accompany these.Each ecosystem work programme will benefit local and where applicable nationally threaten and need to be conserved habitats and species. Ourcontribution both to local and national biodiversity targets will help to strengthen our ecosystem resources that will sustain our local biodiversity integrity tobenefit our local economies, our jobs and our future.

The partnership approach has underpinned all our work to date, it garners voluntary effort by the Partnership'smembership and by community groups, this will be fundamental to our future success.

We invite your help by participating in our ecosystem work programmes by volunteering so that we deliver thebiodiversity benefit that sustains Argyll and Bute as a leading area. The completion and publication of the revisedLocal Biodiversity Action Plan must be seen not as the end in itself, but the route to the development and changewhich will realise the objectives and ensure the maintenance and enhancement of our cherished biodiversity.

Cllr. Bruce Marshall,Chair of Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Partnership


vii

Cowal and Helensburgh

The Cowal peninsula is rich in wildlife and home to many activegroups committed to nature conservation. The Red Squirrel Group isorganising many projects and events with the aim to protect Cowal’sstatus as one of the UK strongholds for this species. The Cowal BatGroup is active in raising community awareness of all the benefits thatbats bring to the ecosystem. Bat Group volunteers are alsoundertaking conservation and research projects and advising buildersand architects how to protect and preserve bat roosts.

One of the jewels of Cowal is hidden in the depths of Loch Eck inNorth Cowal: here the powan – a rare freshwater fish – can be found.This species is endemic to only Loch Eck and Loch Lomond – bothwithin the Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park.

The Argyll and Bute Black Grouse Recovery Project continues totarget the Cowal Peninsula, given the major declines in this bird inrecent years.

Around Helensburgh, the mud flats, shore-line, open moors,agricultural land, domestic gardens, woodlands, reservoirs and riverscontain a multitude of different species.

Visitors to the area can spot otter, seal and different butterflies,including the rare small pearl-bordered fritillary. It’s no wonder thiscommunity is also very active in the conservation of their localbiodiversity, with the Duchess Wood Management Programme aprime example. This is the only Local Nature Reserve in Argyll andBute!

Argyll and Bute is one of the most biodiverse areas in the UK. This is the result of the area itself being incredibly varied, with a massive variety oflandscapes, from the sea lochs, to the hills, to islands. The Argyll and Bute economy relies on these great ecological assets, through ecotourism,renewable energy, agriculture and forestry. Geographic focus boxes below give a brief flavour of the great variety of biodiversity and actions thatare being carried out throughout Argyll and Bute. These demonstrate what has been achieved and inspire us to continue to work to conserve ournatural heritage.

Oban, Lorn and the Islands

With its diverse landscape and seascape, Oban, Lorn and the Islandsboast many accolades including the ‘Gateway to Scotland’s SeaKingdom’ and encompass a rich variety of habitats and species.

On the mainland, the combination of mountains, hills, low lyingwetlands, lochs and deep-sea lochs giving rise to a plethora ofwildlife, and host agriculture, forestry, eco-tourism, aquaculture andmarine research. Of special note are the Atlantic oak and hazelwoods that form some of the most important forests for biodiversity inEurope, particularly for fungi, lichens and bryophytes.

Just off the coast, Argyll and Bute’s only serpulid reef is found, inLoch Creran. Again this is European importance because of itsspecial characteristics.

The islands also display a great diversity, arising from their owndistinct geographies and habitats. Internationally important machairfeatures highly, on Coll, Colonsay, Machrihanish (Kintyre), Tiree andon Mull, at Calgary Bay. Here, the habitat is looked after by the“Friends of” group, who have undertaken a number of successfulcoastal management projects, highlighting the many benefits ofcommunity involvement in conservation.

The enormous amount of publicity generated by re-introductions andother iconic wildlife in this part of Argyll has hugely benefitted thelocal economy. Visitors and residents are becoming more aware ofimportant species as a result, and reports by the public allowagencies to follow up sightings on the look out for furthercolonisations.


viii

The Kintyre Peninsula and Coast

With its rocky shores and sandy beaches, the Kintyre peninsula is an areaof outstanding natural beauty and home to an abundance of wildlife, onland, and in the air and surrounding seas. Indeed, it is a stronghold for themajestic golden eagle, the national bird of Scotland.

Colonies of grey and common seals can be found here, and baskingsharks, bottlenose dolphins and even minke whales are occasionally seenalong the coast. In autumn flocks of white-fronted geese – Europe’s rarestgoose arrive from Greenland, and can be seen on the lochs and pasturesof the windswept Atlantic seaboard, where they will spend the wintermonths.

Inshore, the Kintyre peninsula offers some amazing examples of nativewoodland, including the Skipness Caledonian Forest Reserve and manybeautiful examples of Atlantic oak woodland. These woodlands alsosupport a phenomenal diversity of mosses and liverworts (bryophytes) andlichens – including many internationally rare species and communities.

Campbeltown, the largest settlement in Kintyre, is well-known for thebirdlife supported by its loch, which attracts many species of duck andwaders in winter, with a particularly wide variety of species during themigration periods. It has also played host to a number of sightings ofvagrant species in recent years, including smew, American widgeon,Eurasian spoonbill, white stork and glossy ibis.

With the wide variety of wildlife on offer in Kintyre, it is little wonder that itis such a popular tourist destination for wildlife enthusiasts. Theconservation of the diverse habitats in this part of Scotland is of benefit forlocals and visitors alike and protecting its spectacular wildlife is of not onlyintrinsic, but also economic benefit.


ix

Contents

Page no.

1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................................... 12. Achieving Action .......................................................................................................................................................... 73. Vision ........................................................................................................................................................................... 94. Climate Change............................................................................................................................................................ 125. Delivering the Scottish Biodiversity Duty...................................................................................................................... 26. Biodiversity Indicators................................................................................................................................................... 277. Habitats and Species Enhancement Programme......................................................................................................... 288. Ecosystem Work Programmes 2010-2015................................................................................................................... 29

8.1 Freshwater.............................................................................................................................................................. 308.2 Marine and Coastal................................................................................................................................................. 398.3 Lowland and Farmland............................................................................................................................................ 478.4 Woodland................................................................................................................................................................ 568.5 Upland..................................................................................................................................................................... 698.6 Built Environment.................................................................................................................................................... 75

9. Management of the Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Action Plan.............................................................................. 83

Appendix 1. Habitats selected for action............................................................................................................................ 87Appendix 2. Species selected for action............................................................................................................................ 89Appendix 3. List of unfunded proposed work programmes................................................................................................ 94Appendix 4. List of Abbreviations....................................................................................................................................... 96Appendix 5. Green Networks............................................................................................................................................. 100


1

1. IntroductionThe first Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Local Action Plan (A&B LBAP 2001) led to a multitude of initiatives over its 5 year duration. Like allLBAPs of its generation it was ambitious and wide ranging, but thanks to the vision, hard work and drive of many people, substantial progress wasmade. A detailed progress review has been produced, and is detailed in Technical Report 1: Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Action Plan2001 Progress Review. We are pleased to highlight particular successes from the first LBAP on the Council’s biodiversity web pages, available onwww.argyll-bute.gov.uk/biodiversity.

The production of this second LBAP has required a stock-take of these efforts and achievements to date, and the outcome of this has informed thenext phase of the biodiversity process, which serves to focus on the following:

through six Ecosystem Work Programmes, particular habitats and species that are under threat;the consequences of climate change. These are increasingly evident, not just on wildlife but on our own society and standard of living; andthe need to develop a more sustainable and greener economy.

Given these immense challenges, the principles embedded in the Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Action Plan 2010-2015 are:

the need to broaden the range of people taking action – preaching to the converted is not enough and will not deliver either the scale ofresources or action needed. The LBAP therefore aims to engage more and a wider variety of people, organisations, business andcommunities in delivering a healthier natural environment;

a greater sense of urgency – many species and habitats are facing continued or increasing pressures. As a result, urgent action is neededso the new LBAP has focussed on objective and realistic priorities while feeding in to a sustained long-term conservation strategy; and

delivery of these by inspiring, engaging and encouraging positive change – promoting greener consumerism, the spread ofenvironmentally informed attitudes, behaviour, understanding, and ultimately delivering a greener, more sustainable economy.

This LBAP is clearly about wildlife, but it also reflects the fact that the well-being of habitats and species are inextricably linked to our own. Argylland Bute is in a particularly strong position to benefit from a greener economy, and it is especially appropriate therefore that this Local BiodiversityAction Plan considers this more business-orientated perspective. Indeed, engaging business and incorporating their contribution is essential inmoving towards a sustainable economy and to safeguard our biodiversity.


2


3

Summary of Local Biodiversity Action in Argyll and Bute

The A&B LBAP 2010-2015 builds on work completed by past and on-going projects in theCouncil area, and also aims to deliver co-ordinated action with the neighbouring Loch Lomondand Trossachs National Park Authority (and its LBAP). By learning from the lessons ofimplementing its ambitious original plan, the second A&B LBAP encompasses realistic projectsthat are deliverable, using a format based upon the Scottish Biodiversity Strategy ecosystemapproach, and common to the National Park.

Leading by example

Argyll and Bute has an incredibly varied landscape from the sea lochs, to the hills, to islands,and as a result is one of the most biodiverse areas in the UK. The Argyll and Bute economyrelies on these great ecological assets, through ecotourism, renewable energy, agriculture andforestry.

There is a wide variety of flagship projects and community groups already active in the area. Aseries of information boxes (like the on to the right) are found throughout the Plan to give aflavour of the great variety of biodiversity and actions throughout Argyll and Bute. Theydemonstrate what has been achieved and inspire us to continue to work to conserve our naturalheritage.

National and local context

The Scottish Biodiversity Strategy (SBS) vision for Scotland in 2030 is that:

‘Scotland is recognised as a world leader in biodiversity conservation. Everyone isinvolved; everyone benefits. The nation is enriched.’

The Argyll and Bute Council (A&BC), and the neighbouring Loch Lomond and TrossachsNational Park Authority, are working to ensure that this vision becomes a reality. The secondArgyll and Bute Biodiversity Action Plan (A&B BAP 2010-2015) therefore contributes to theaims, objectives and actions described at a national level and to the delivery of a number ofother strategies and plans relevant to the biodiversity of the Council area. The principal onesare:

Bumble bee project on Coll and Tiree

Bumblebees provide vital pollinationservices for agricultural crops andwildflowers. However, there havebeen substantial declines throughoutthe UK over the last 70 years, linkedwith an estimated loss of 98% ofwildflower meadows. Argyll and Bute isunique, being the only region where all

18 bumblebee species occur. In addition, Argyll and Butehosts an endemic subspecies of moss carder bee on theHebridean islands.

While all species of bumblebee require wildflowermeadows, management needs to be undertaken ondifferent habitats, such as farmland, uplands and machair.Therefore, tackling bumblebees as a discrete workprogramme is not practical. Instead, the ecosystem workprogramme approach provides the ideal mechanism tobetter target the requirements of different species ofbumblebees in different habitats and co-ordinate and deliverappropriate projects throughout the area. Other priorityspecies such as mountain ringlet and marsh fritillarybutterflies will benefit too.

Bumblebee Conservation are taking the lead, co-ordinatingwider countryside surveys for dedicated volunteers andmore accessible surveys for the more common ‘Big 6’bumblebees for members of the public with a more casualinterest. In addition, site specific monitoring methods arebeing developed as part of the great yellow bumblebeeSpecies Action Framework (SAF).

Educational and practical initiatives will be run in tandem,engaging the public through schools and attendance atevents, encouraging involvement in recording andpromoting wildlife gardening techniques, creating additionalrefuges for bumblebees throughout the built environment.Partnership projects with RSPB, Scottish Wildlife Trust(SWT), British Trust for Conservation Volunteers (BTCV),landowners and other groups will create wildflowermeadows in the wider countryside and in large publicgardens, improving connectivity of bumblebee habitat.


4

Black grouse conservation

In 2009, funding wasprovided through apartnership of SNH,Forestry CommissionScotland, (FCS) RSPBScotland, Scottish Powerand GDF Suez for a

Black Grouse Project Officer to cover Argyll and Stirlingareas. The project officer co-ordinates the Argyll BlackGrouse Survey and encourages positive habitatmanagement for black grouse in key areas. This builds onwork previously carried out in Argyll, through the blackgrouse recovery project that ran from 2002-2005.

In 2010, a combination of 32 volunteers, 3 surveycontractors, FCS rangers and the project officer conductedlek counts, co-ordinated counts and lek searchesthroughout Argyll. Information was also gathered fromecological consultants working throughout Argyll, andcasual records. A total of 218 displaying males wererecorded at 108 leks, with single displaying males makingup 70 of these records.The 38 leks of 2 or more males heldthe majority of lekking blackcock with a total of 148 males.

Increased survey effort this year has contributed to highernumbers being found in Argyll in 2010. Comparisonbetween years is difficult due to the differing survey efforteach year. However, numbers remain precariously low, andtherefore vulnerable to local extinctions.

Key areas have been identified, where the project officer iscurrently contacting, encouraging and providing advice toland owners/tenants to carry out positive habitatmanagement for black grouse. Collaboration between landmanagers is essential to ensure management on alandscape scale. Funding opportunities for black grousehabitat enhancement are available through the ScottishRural Development Programme- Rural Priorities.

For more information contact:Alison Phillip, Black Grouse Project [email protected] or 0141 331 0993

UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UK BAP);Scottish Biodiversity Strategy (SBS);Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) Species Action Framework;Scottish Forestry Strategy;Argyll and Bute Woodland and Forestry Strategy;Forestry Commission Scotland (FCS) Cowal & Trossachs Forest District Strategic Plan;Forestry Commission Scotland (FCS) West Argyll Forest District Strategic Plan;Argyll & Bute Structure PlanArgyll & Bute Local PlanScottish Rural Development Programme (SRDP) Regional Priorities;Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park Biodiversity Action Plan 2008-2011 (NPBAP); andLoch Lomond & the Trossachs Local Woodland and Forestry Framework.

Working in partnership

The Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Partnership was formed in 1997 with 31 partnerssigning up to selecting, writing and implementing the first LBAP. The following is a list ofsome of the partners who have made a valuable contribution to biodiversity action in the areasince then.

Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) is working with landowners to bring all designated wildlifesites into favourable habitat condition.

Forestry Commission Scotland (FCS), own and manage 20% of Argyll and Bute. Theirmodern approach to commercial forestry incorporates wildlife conservation as a matter ofcourse. FCS contributes to many conservation projects, from black and red-throated diver raftprovision, to woodland grazing schemes. Work on the ground is delivered by FCS staff in the2 Forest Districts that cover the Council area - West Argyll, and Cowal and Trossachs.

The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Scotland (RSPB), Scottish Wildlife Trust (SWT)and Woodland Trust Scotland (WTS) between them manage an expanding network ofreserves, many of which have excellent visitor facilities and learning programmes.

There are 45 businesses currently participating in the Visit Scotland Green Tourism BusinessScheme, and the number is growing each year.


5

Rivers in the Classroom

Delivered by Argyll Fisheries Trust (AFT), this project raisesawareness of primary school children about the ecology of,and factors that affect fish and fish habitat in our rivers.

Children at 6 schools a year are introduced to the aquaticenvironment through classroom-based presentations byAFT biologists.

The children are taught about various subjects including theimportance of conserving fish populations and their habitats.They are shown how to operate fish egg incubation units,which are looked after until the eggs hatch into alevins anddevelop into fry in the early spring.

The classes are then taken on a field trip to a river in theirarea where fry are planted into the rivers. The habitatrequirements of fish and invertebrates are also highlightedduring these visits.

Later in the programme the children are shown theprocesses of juvenile fish survey techniques such aselectro-fishing. This allows the children to see the differentdevelopmental stages of fish first hand.

This project is supported by SNH, Loch Awe ImprovementAssociation (LAIA) and the A&B LBAP

Argyll and Bute’s Eco Schools promoted by the Group for Recycling in Argyll & Bute Trust(GRAB), Biodiversity Initiatives in School Grounds and ‘Do your Bit for Biodiversity’ havehelped children to understand environmental issues. These initiatives also stimulate curiosityin the natural world, allowing children to explore the great wealth of biodiversity around them.

Eco-tourism brings in an estimated £30 million into the local economy, and the green businesssector is also performing well, notably with large scale investment being made in therenewable energy sector. On the back of this, energy companies are making majorcontributions to biodiversity work in the area.

Community Catchment Management guidelines were produced as part of the CommunityAction for Biodiversity project. They are a tool to help the development of local catchmentmanagement plans.


6

Production of the Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Action Plan 2010-2015

Review of the first Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Action Plan

Lead partner updates Habitat and Species Sift

Report to Steering Group

Results of Sift and consultation Ecosystem approach and related habitats and species

Draft revised Local Biodiversity Action Plan

Partners consulted on ecosystem work programme Public consultation for 6 weeks

Launch of the second Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Action Plan

Update Biodiversity Action Reporting System and report annually

Marsh fritillary butterfly conservation

The main Scottish populations of this species are nowconfined to Argyll, currently reported from about 40 10kmsquares. It occurs on the mainland between Glen Creran inthe north and West Loch Tarbert on the Kintyre peninsula inthe south, and also on the islands of Mull, Colonsay,Oronsay, Islay and Jura. Nature reserves with the marshfritillary include Taynish and Glasdrum (Scottish NaturalHeritage), Gruinart (RSPB) and Shian Wood (ScottishWildlife Trust).

Conservation work has focused on habitat improvement,much of which is being delivered through the Scottish RuralDevelopment Programme - Rural Priorities.

Butterfly Conservation has played a key role in assistingwith management plans for farmers, crofters andlandowners.

Community engagement has been through a series ofworkshops hosted by Butterfly Conservation and localrecorders.

As a result of this combined work, numbers are increasingthrough positive management effort.

For more information contact:Tom Prescott, Butterfly [email protected]


7

Rhododendron ponticum control project

Although rhododendron clearancehas been going on for many years,the resources for a more strategicand co-ordinated approach to controlhave only become available morerecently. A project was established inOctober 2008, to identify prioritysites, encourage owners to beginprogrammes of control and to provideadvice on grant availability andcontrol techniques.

The work is funded by FCS, Loch Lomond and TrossachsNational Park (LLTNP) and SNH with an initial lifespan of 3years.

Early work has consisted of gathering information on sitesaffected by rhododendron and contacting owners andagents to encourage control, particularly in collaborationwith neighbours. Several owners are now developingproposals for key sites throughout the region.

A strategy document has been produced which sets outcriteria for prioritising control work. Sites identified as havingparticular biodiversity value will continue to be targeted butthere is also renewed emphasis on all ancient woodlandsites, with scope to deal with all sites on their individualmerits. In particular owners and their neighbours will beencouraged to continue and expand on control where workhas been carried out in the past. An important element of allinvasive species control is an understanding of the longterm nature of the work. Owners and agents are thereforebeing encouraged to produce a long term management planoutlining proposals for clearance of rhododendron beyondthe initial 5 year period of the current grant system. Anexample of such a plan has been produced and is availablefrom the project officer.

For more information contact:Project Officer; Stephen MurphyTel:01492 281708 Mob:07827 [email protected]

What the Plan will deliver

The Plan focuses on the most important priorities for conservation over the next 5 years,building on the work achieved to date and aiming to reach the longer term vision set out for 2030by the Scottish Biodiversity Strategy (SBS).

It takes a pragmatic approach, recognising that delivery will primarily result from the workalready being carried out by the LBAP partners. The Plan does, however, aim to highlight theseprojects and integrate them where appropriate, to encourage partnership working. As part ofthis, it aims to foster improved delivery with the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National ParkLocal Biodiversity Action Plan. This is practical and makes ecological sense, while alsoenabling close co-operation across this administrative divide to achieve shared conservationgoals.

The A&B LBAP also aims to highlight the work underway, and attract new resources to helpdeliver these priority projects. By raising their profile, it simultaneously aims to secure theresources needed for other priority projects, which partners want to deliver but currently lackresources to do so.

To maintain momentum and ensure the Plan remains relevant, it will undergo a formal reviewevery year, as a rolling 5-year business plan linked to the corporate planning/funding cycles ofthe main organisations aiming to deliver it. Progress and outcomes will be reported each yearas a part of the Council’s corporate planning system. The Plan will also feed into the monitoringand reporting systems for the Council and the Scottish Biodiversity Strategy.


8

Shark tagging and research project

A number of shark, skate and ray species are found in theseas around Scotland. Many of these including commonskate and spur dog are described internationally asendangered with populations declining but here in Argylland Bute there are what may be some of the last remnantpopulations of these animals.

Both species are the subject of popular sports fisheries inLoch Etive, the Sound of Mull and the Firth of Lorne. Manyanglers weigh, measure and tag the fish before releasingthem in order to allow data on growth rate and movement tobe collected if the fish is recaptured.

Data on sharks, skates and rays is very scarce and theinformation provided by the anglers will therefore helpconservation efforts in the future.

James Thorburn is the Shark Project Officer for the ScottishSea Angling Conservation Network, based in Oban (SSACNhttp://www.ssacn.org/). His post is funded by SNH and theLeader programme.

James’ responsibilities include setting up and publicising thenew Scottish Shark Tagging Programme and working with awide variety of organisations to promote the project.

For more information go to:http://www.tagsharks.com/

2. Achieving Action through the Ecosystem WorkProgramme

The scope for potential work to benefit biodiversity is huge. Therefore, delivering action requiresa wide range of resources to be harnessed and for efforts to be combined through effectivecollaboration.

Every government and non-government agency has a duty to protect and enhance biodiversity.Significant improvement needs to be made in delivery of this duty, and whilst funds are limited,particularly in the current economic climate, with innovation they can deliver significant progress.

Most of Argyll and Bute is privately owned, and under a wide variety of land managementregimes. These landowners already make valuable contributions to biodiversity management,for example through grazing practices, way leave management, sensitively designed cuttingregimes, set-aside areas and field margins, deer control and mink culling. At the same time,they need to maintain profit margins, and so require the support of government grant schemesand management advice in order to do more, which many are keen to do.

Private commercial forestry is a major land use in the area, and there is also a major proportionof the Council area managed as part of the National Forest Estate by FCS. Enhancedmanagement of these forest areas is therefore particularly critical to conservation work in Argylland Bute.

Local naturalists provide an essential reservoir of specialist local knowledge of a variety of taxa,while other volunteers are keen to learn these skills, or offer management expertise andenthusiasm. Volunteers are the single-most important resource for undertaking biodiversityconservation projects. Without their generous contribution of time, skills and their passion forbiodiversity it would be impossible to achieve the vast majority of conservation goals

Different avenues of funding and resources are available to the different groups involved inbiodiversity conservation. In addition, businesses contribute funding for biodiversityconservation projects, offering an excellent opportunity to feed in to regional biodiversity goalscoordinated through this Plan.


9

With the myriad skills, resources, stakeholders and funding avenues involved, it is only through coordinated partnership working that substantialbiodiversity conservation can be taken forward at a regional level.

Next steps

This Plan sets out over 70 projects that A&B LBAP partners aim to deliver during its 5 year span, and it also provides a co-ordinated EcosystemWork Programme structure for this conservation action, identifying habitats and species requiring priority action in the Council area. The next stepsare to help deliver and promote the funded projects and also to secure the necessary resources to deliver the other agreed priority projects forwhich resources are still needed.

ECOSYSTEMS

Lead Partners andStakeholders

FreshwaterAnd WetlandProgramme

Marine andCoastalProgramme

LowlandAndFarmlandProgramme

WoodlandProgramme

UplandProgramme

BuiltEnvironmentProgramme

Achievement Monitoring Plan and Install in BARSAnnual Progress Report


10

Bryophytes – the forgotten plants?

Mosses and liverworts(collectively known asbryophytes) are acommon sight onScotland’s wet westerncoast. The presenceof these generally littlenoted plants is one wetake for granted but itshould be rememberedthat Scotland, and its western coastline in particular, hasbeen bestowed with a rich bryophyte diversity compared tothe rest of Europe. Our varied geology and cool, dampclimate formed a perfect substrate for the colonisation ofbryophytes following the end of the last glaciation and wenow have some of the world’s rarest bryophytes on our verydoorstep.

One such example is the marsh earwort (Jamesoniellaundulifolia). This is a very rare liverwort of valley mires andraised bogs, and is a Red Data Book species in Britain.The marsh earwort is only found in 3 locations within the UKand is considered to be internationally rare, being widely butsparsely distributed throughout northern temperate regionsof the globe. The only Scottish population of the marshearwort is located just outside Moine Mhor SSSI in Argyll.

Elsewhere in the UK, marsh earwort populations havealready been lost through drainage of habitat, afforestation,eutrophication from agricultural runoff and poaching bylivestock.

The humble marsh earwort does not have the charisma ofthe red squirrel, or the majesty of the white tailed eagle.However, this species and other bryophytes all contribute toArgyll and Bute’s biodiversity, so it is equally important tohalt the decline of this rich and diverse group of plants for anew generation of budding bryologists.

For further information go to:www.plantlife.org.uk

3. VisionThe Vision for 2030

Argyll and Bute has delivered many varied conservation projects, enhancing our reputation asa national biodiversity hot spot and earning us the title of conservation, eco-tourism and re-newable energy capital of Britain. Through these achievements, we are recognised as the UKflagship of how biodiversity conservation can contribute to a sustainable economy involving allsectors of the community.

Aspirations for 2030

Ecosystem approach

The Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Action Plan 2010-2015 priority species and habitats arestable in population size, range and quality. The ecosystem work programmes successfullyachieved a balance between the interests of nature conservation, economic landowners andtourism, with all sectors working together. Habitat quality and connectivity have been devel-oped, allowing the species that were previously facing population declines to expand back intooriginal areas of distribution.

Invasive species

Invasive non-native species present has been halted or slowed with control and removal ofmink, grey squirrel, signal crayfish, Japanese knotweed, Rhododendron ponticum, Himalayanbalsam, New Zealand pygmyweed, Canadian waterweed, Nuttal’s waterweed and Sargassummuticum over large areas. We have a greater understanding of the ecology of Japaneseskeleton shrimp and the controls necessary to prevent impacts on native habitats and speciesas well as commercial fish and shellfish growing. Invasive species have been eradicated fromkey sites for native biodiversity.

Designated sites

The network of sites with statutory nature conservation designations has been extended, re-ducing habitat fragmentation and ensuring key habitats and species are protected. More com-munity nature sites are established, and afforded Local Nature Reserve designations whereappropriate. All designated sites are in favourable conservation status.


11

Energy from trees

Tackling climate change isthe most significant of allenvironmental needs facingsociety. As well as a muchgreater emphasis on energyconservation and efficiency,home grown renewableenergy pro jects aretherefore essential.

Argyll has been bestowedwith a climate ideal for theproduction of renewableresources in the form ofwind energy, tidal energy,wave energy and biomassreserves.

With careful consideration to ecology, biomass resources,such as timber, can be used for the production of both heatand electricity.

Mainland Argyll holds almost 15% of Scotland's entireconifer reserves within the National Forest Estate. Thisoffers the opportunity to develop biomass heat and powerinstallations as a local contribution to tackling climatechange.

Argyll would be an ideal place to show that by providingbiomass energy locally, it is possible to reduce the carbonfootprint of local industries and the area as a whole. Moneymade from this industry can then be fed back into FCSsupported National Nature Reserves, such as Glen Nant,Taynuilt. Glen Nant is rich communities of birds, mammals,insects, lichens, bryophytes and plants, all of which dependon this moist, sheltered environment.

In this way, Argyll and Bute is in a strong position todemonstrate how a sustainable economy can help supportthe region during the current recession and combat climatechange, while also benefiting local biodiversity

Climate change

The suite of designated sites are connected and well managed, buffering species againstclimate change where possible, and allowing them to adapt through moving to new areas.Habitats providing important ecosystem services, such as carbon storage or flood mitigationare maintained and enhanced. Research into key indicator species has provided a betterunderstanding of the real impacts of climate change on the region. Argyll and Bute is anational leader in renewable energy – both on and offshore – whilst ensuring all developmentsavoid significant impacts and actually benefit local biodiversity.

People

The conservation and enhancement of biodiversity lies at the centre of all communities andbusiness development throughout Argyll and Bute. The public are fully involved in maintaininglocal biodiversity, directly contributing through conservation management action byvolunteering and recording species groups.

Education

There is a multitude of programmes to raise public awareness of their local biodiversity, andthe projects working to enhance this invaluable resource. Information about biodiversity andsustainability are widely available and easily accessible to schoolchildren, researchers,students and other members of the public. All schools have hands-on environmentaleducation features and are directly participating by providing habitats for wildlife. Awarenessof biodiversity priorities and legislation is widespread amongst planners, landowners and otherprofessionals, and specialist resources are available to ensure full consideration of Argyll andBute’s species and habitats in all land management and business development.

Landscapes and ecosystems

The landscapes of Argyll and Bute are diverse with healthy ecosystems, rich in biodiversity.Land-use planning, business and the tourism industry all integrate the needs of productiveecosystems with economic development. The coastal ecosystems are self-sustaining andprotected under the Marine Act, harbouring a large variety of species, with protected andregulated areas ensuring sensitive species continue to maintain healthy populations in ourwaters. The beautiful and varied landscapes, coupled with exceptional biodiversity have


12

resulted in an expansion in eco-tourism, for which Argyll and Bute is now a top UK destination.Sympathetically designed renewable energy developments do not detract from our scenery,but are viewed as a best-practice model for other areas, while the success of this industrycontinues to fund action to benefit local biodiversity priorities identified by the A&B LBAP.

Knowledge

Wildlife recording and monitoring are well established and supported by the public, as well asprofessionals. High-quality data is collected and a continuous flow of new knowledge informsthe ongoing conservation projects, and identifies new priorities. Necessary research is wellfunded and knowledge about all aspects of the environment continuously enhanced. Existingdata is widely distributed and easily accessible to all, to inform appropriate development, landmanagement, conservation action, ecotourism and scientific research.


13

Marine and coastal habitats – at the forefront ofclimate change

The Argyll and Bute coastline and marine environment ishome to a plethora of important and diverse habitats:-saltmarshes, mudflats, seagrass beds, deep water benthicmud and knotted wrack-ecad mackaii beds.

The long and complex coastal habitats which interact withstrong Atlantic currents and the effects of the Gulf Streamand varying coastal flow types, specifically tidal rapids,make this coastline one of the most productive in Scotland,providing a rich environment for marine fauna and flora.

Of particular importance are the serpulid reefs in LochCreran which are endemic not only within Scotland, but theUK as a whole, and provide one of the most well developedexamples worldwide. These reefs are constructed by thepolychaete worm Serpula vermicularis and provide a habitatfor a wide variety of species and are of internationalimportance. These reefs are therefore both a species andhabitat priority.

Sub-littoral sands and gravels support large aggregations ofhydroids, sea anemones, sea squirts, bivalves and seaurchins while seagrass beds provide safe spawninggrounds and shelter for a number of fish species such aspipefish, goby and pollock.

Contd.

4. Coping with Climate ChangeClimate change is not a new phenomenon. The earth's climate has been going through cyclesof global warming, cooling and glaciation long before humans arrived. The difference thistime is that we have used our ability to free CO2 from existing ‘sinks’ (i.e. fossil fuels such ascoal, peat and oil) and released it into the atmosphere at a rate which nature cannot match.As a result, the increase in the rate of global warming we are currently witnessing relatesdirectly to man's activities over the last few hundred years.

The long term impacts can be hard to predict, the changes in climate change are guaranteedto have a knock on effect on the wildlife and habitats we have become accustomed to in ourspecial corner of the UK. While birds and mammals may generally be quite mobile and able tomodify their geographic ranges to match the changing conditions, many plants and less mobileanimals may not be quite so fortunate. Some habitats are becoming fragmented restrictingthe ability of species to commute to more suitable areas, and this is expected to become morecommon in the future. In some cases the habitats that particular species rely on may becompletely lost, resulting in local, national and international extinction events.

At the same time as we are losing long established species native to our area, new speciesare moving in as the climate and habitats become suitable for them. These species are notnative to our area – or even our country in some cases! – but may also be moving from theirtraditional areas which are no longer suitable for them. Others may simply be expanding theirrange as more habitat becomes available, with little loss. Therefore, it can be difficult todecide the best reaction to these newcomers. In some cases, attempting to control oreradicate them may result in their extinction as their old range becomes unsuitable.Therefore, monitoring the changes in distribution on a wider scale is of great importance toallow us to conserve species at the international level.

So what are we doing about global warming? Within Scotland, the Climate Change (Scotland)Act 2009 has introduced new targets to reduce CO2 emissions by at least 80% by 2050. Oneof the ways we hope to achieve this target is to increase the proportion of our energygenerated using renewable resources. A&B is ideally placed to capitalise on this burgeoningindustry, as it is rich in potential renewable resources such as wave, wind and tidal energy aswell as biomass (or biofuel) resources, such as woodfuel.


14

Marine Habitats contd.....Amongst thisgreat marinebiodiversity aresome very rares p e c i e s ,including then o r t h e r nhatchet shellw h i c h i sendemic toArgyll and Butein Scotland.

The west coast waters off the inner Hebrides are of both UKand European importance for cetaceans. The region ishome to cetacean species typical of both warm and coldoceans, resulting in a high level of biodiversity.Approximately 19 cetacean species have been recorded offthe coast of Argyll and Bute including some of the greatwhale species, such as the blue whale and fin whale.Although these species are considered to be transient, theyare clearly drawn to the area due to its high productivity andso excellent foraging habitat. Common dolphin, bottlenosedolphin, harbour porpoise, minke whale, orca whale andwhite-beaked dolphin all use these waters regularly, eitheras year round residents or seasonal visitors.

Until recently little was known about these species lifecycles, but with research studies being carried out by theHebridean Whale and Dolphin Trust, the Sea MammalResearch Unit and the Marine Conservation Society,important information is being gathered that will improve theunderstanding of possible threats to these species.Through this work, Argyll and Bute are leading the way bysafeguarding cetaceans in this key marine zone.

For more information go to:MCS website at http://www.mcsuk.org/

Hebridean Whale and Dolphin Trust Websitehttp://www.whaledolphintrust.co.uk/

Scottish Association for Marine Sciencehttp://www.sams.ac.uk/

Argyll and Bute is already forging ahead to optimise on the growing renewables market andneed for 'green' energy. In February 2009, Scotland was awarded the rights to construct 10offshore wind energy sites, with 3 of the larger sites identified off the coast of Argyll and Bute.

It is important that any renewable energy developments are designed so we are notcombating climate change at the expense of our local biodiversity. To ensure optimal efficacyof contributions to biodiversity that are tied to these developments, these actions should becoordinated through the Argyll and Bute LBAP Working Group and the priority species andhabitats identified in this Plan. It is also essential that planners and developers are fully awareof the key potential biodiversity sensitivities that must be assessed before any developmentcan be consented.

Objectives

The following objectives have been identified to protect and enhance biodiversity within Argylland Bute and reduce the rate and effects of climate change:

improve connectivity between key habitats to facilitate the movement oforganisms in response to climate change;conserve and enhance our existing biodiversity to ensure that it is robust andbetter able to cope with climate change;protect and enhance exiting carbon storing habitats (carbon sinks);improve on existing decision-making tools for local planners to account for theeffects of climate change on biodiversity and in assessing impacts ofdevelopments;promote sustainable flood management through the protection and enhancementof wetland habitats; andpromote the use of green energy sources.


15

5. Delivering the Scottish Biodiversity DutyThe Scottish Biodiversity Duty in the Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004 gives all publicbodies and office-holders the duty to further the conservation of biodiversity so far as isconsistent with the proper exercise of their functions.

Argyll & Bute Council has a pivotal role to play in the conservation of the natural environment,the pursuit of economic prosperity and the securing of equal chances for everyone in allaspects of life. ‘Developing quality of life for everyone’ is the overarching aim of the Council’sCorporate Strategy. The conservation of Argyll & Bute’s biodiversity and using the benefits ofbiodiversity in the delivery of Council services such as social care are central to achieving thiscorporate goal.

Biodiversity is also key to one of the aims of the Argyll and Bute Council Corporate Plan Aim2: “Protecting our environment by promoting the principles of environmental sustainability andensuring that Argyll & Bute continues to be a place where people of all backgrounds want tolive, work and visit”. The Corporate Strategy states that priority areas of work includeimproving areas of nature conservation interest, maintaining biodiversity and protectinghabitats and species. National indicators have been developed to measure the extent ofprotection of biodiversity through the planning process along with the amount of land in Argyll& Bute under appropriate management for biodiversity.

The Nature Conservation (Scotland) Bill 2004 legislation places considerableduties on local authorities to ensure the protection and management ofbiodiversity.Planning Policy Guidance Note Pan 65 Planning and Open Space seeks to securethe effective conservation of wildlife and natural features. Nature conservationobjectives should be taken into account in all planning activities that affect ruraland coastal land use and urban areas with wildlife of local importance. Theguidance also aims to ensure that nature conservation is a significant materialconsideration in determining planning applications.

The LBAP is therefore an integral component of the complete and strategic management ofthe Argyll and Bute area.Scottish Biodiversity Indicator: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/10/08091435/1Scottish Biodiversity List: http://www.biodiversityscotland.gov.uk/


16

6. Biodiversity IndicatorsThe Scottish Government developed a suite of biodiversity indicators for Scotland in 2007. The Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Action Plan2010-2015 contributes to these indicators, and a set of targeted indicators relevant to the priorities of the Plan have been developed. Theseindicators are designed to demonstrate the overall ecological outcome of projects. Therefore, they are separate and in addition to the projectreporting and review process, and will be presented alongside the project target reporting at the end of the 5 year Plan.

Biodiversity indicators were not used in the first LBAP so it is not possible to assess trends between then and this second Plan. However, asfuture A&B LBAP’s should use these new indicators as a baseline, over a longer period (at least until 2030), this will allow future trends to beassessed. Survey and monitoring results from the LBAP and other work will be supplied to national monitoring schemes overseen by otherorganisations. When analysed as part of these national datasets wider trends will be determined and it will be possible to compare trends in Argylland Bute with other areas of the country.

The biodiversity indicator results will be presented in the final report for this 5 year plan.

A&B BAP Biodiversity Indicators

Scottish Biodiversity Indicator LBAP Indicator Information Source

Status of BAP priority species Status of BAP species for which targeted projectsare in place

Annual reviews of Argyll and Bute Biodiversity Audit

Status of BAP priority habitats Status of BAP habitats for which targeted projectsare in place

Annual reviews of Argyll and Bute Biodiversity Audit

Abundance of terrestrial breeding birds Status of bird species for which targeted projectsare in place

British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), RSPB andArgyll Bird Club data

Trends in butterfly populations Status of butterflies for which targeted projects arein place

Survey and monitoring reports including ButterflyConservation schemes

Trends in moth populations Status of moths for which targeted projects are inplace

Survey and monitoring reports including ButterflyConservation schemes

Woodland structure Status of habitat composition of National ForestEstate

FCS plantation datasets and National WoodlandSurvey for Scotland (NWSS) datasets

Terrestrial non-native species range Status of extent and spread of non-native speciesfor which targeted projects are in place

Invasive Species Work Programme and FCSreports

Marine non-native species range Status of extent and spread of non-native speciesfor which targeted projects are in place

Invasive Species Work Programme and MarLINMarine Aliens datasets


17

7. Habitats and Species Enhancement ProgrammeThe central focus of this LBAP is the Habitats and Species Enhancement Programme (HSEP). The HSEP consists of a six costed EcosystemWork Programmes where the resources to implement individual projects have been allocated in the business plans of the relevant partnerorganisations. They also include a number of unfunded proposals which we would like to develop and implement as resources become available.This balance between ensuring that actions happen whilst striving to fund new projects will require active involvement of partners to maintain thenecessary momentum. It is essential to recognise that there are many other habitats and species that need conservation effort, but don’t all needprogrammes or specific projects, and resources dictate that not all of them can have the same level of attention. The review process will allownew priorities to be identified as we move towards the 2030 vision.

Habitats and species selected for action

The starting point for the selection process was a list of all of the habitats and species previously identified for conservation action through the UKbiodiversity process. These included the most recent UK BAP priority habitats and species lists, Scottish Biodiversity List (SBL), and SNH SpeciesAction Framework. The full selection process used to identify the habitats and species included in the HSEP is set out in Technical Report 2:Argyll and Bute Biodiversity Action Plan 2010-2015 Habitat and Species Selection Process. A summary of the habitats and speciesselected is provided in Appendices 2 and 3 respectively.

After being selected, the habitats and species were grouped into convenient broad ecosystems, based upon the SBS ecosystem structure. Workprogrammes were then produced for each of these ecosystems, set out in Chapter 8. Ecosystem work programmes and the habitats and speciesthey will benefit are listed in Appendices 2 and 3. A list of potential projects but as yet unfunded can be found at the end of each WorkProgramme, and are also listed together in Appendix 4 for ease of reference.


18

8. Ecosystem Work Programmes 2010 – 2015

Ecosystems- What are they?An ecosystem is a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities andtheir non-living environment, all interacting as a functional unit. This approach recognisesthat habitats and species cannot be considered in isolation but are dependent onmaintaining healthy ecosystems, and that the threats and pressures upon these parts ofecosystems need to be addressed in a coordinated way and at appropriate levels.

The Ecosystems are as follows:

8.1 Freshwater and Wetland Ecosystems8.2 Marine and Coastal Ecosystems8.3 Lowland and Farmland Ecosystems8.4 Woodland Ecosystems8.5 Upland Ecosystems8.6 Built Environment Work

The 6 Ecosystem Work Programmes will benefit a wide variety of habitats and speciesthroughout Argyll and Bute. The following pages provide the work programmes to beembarked upon from the outset but they will continually evolve, as progress is made and asresources allow.

Freshwater and Wetland

Woodland Ecosystems

Marine and Coastal Eco-systems

Lowland and FarmlandEcosystems

Upland Ecosystems

Built Environment


19

8.1 Freshwater and Wetland Work Programme

Argyll & Bute has an abundance of freshwater habitats, comprised of both standing and flowing water bodies. The freshwater ecosystem is not justimportant for biodiversity, but is of critical importance for general environmental and human well being. Freshwater is utilised for drinking, transport,energy production and recreation. So pressures on the resource exist however the advent of the European Water Framework directive aims to en-sure that water bodies are maintained in good condition with an emphasis being sustainable management.

Standing waters range from dystrophic and mesotrophic, nutrient-poor, peat stained lochans with a low species diversity through to mesotrophiclochs of intermediate water chemistry that can be species-rich. Most large lochs in Argyll are oligotrophic and vary greatly in their biodiversity.Some are of international importance, supporting communities of plants, rare fish and bird species. Loch Awe is Scotland’s longest freshwater loch(41km) whilst Loch Lomond is its largest (71km2). Argyll’s rivers and burns are internationally important for freshwater pearl mussel, which is undersevere threat from illegal pearl fishing. Other important species associated with flowing waters include high profile ones like the Atlantic salmonwhilst others, like Welch’s money spider, remain inconspicuous and little known.

Factors limiting biodiversity of freshwater and wetland ecosystems:

Land use plays a major role in the distribution and quality of freshwater and its habitats; impacts occur ona variety of scales from diffuse pollution and drainage to the inappropriate grazing of wetland habitats.Introduced non-native species – resulting in hybridising; resource competition and predation.Climate change.Wastewater and effluent attributable to various sources.Nutrient enrichment attributable to various sources.Limited information on species distribution and abundance is an obstacle to directing effective conservation work.

The table below lists the priority habitats and species typical of the Freshwater and Wetland Ecosystem. Next are details of the work programmeprojects being delivered during the 2010-2015 Plan. Further priority projects to take forward as and when resources become available are listed atthe end. The Freshwater and Wetland Ecosystem Work Programme will be revised annually.


20

Work Programme

Project title Key outputs andoutcomes

Project description Target Leadpartner

Resources in place:people

Resources inplace:finance

FW1#: River basinmanagementplanning

2010-2015

Produce RiverCatchment ManagementPlans, through a processled by SEPA but inpartnership withresponsible authoritiesand other waterenvironmentstakeholders, andsigned off by Scottishministers.

The River Basin Management Plan 2009-2015 for the Scotland River Basin Districtwas published in 2009. SupplementaryArea Management Plans are beingpublished in 2010, including the Argyll andLochaber Area Management Plan and theClyde Area Management Plan (whichcovers Cowal and Bute).

These plans describe the current conditionof water bodies, identify those activities thathave an adverse impact and detail actionsto improve and maintain good ecologicalstatus.

Follow-up action may include thedevelopment and implementation ofspecific catchment management plans.

Implement plans throughintegration withappropriate policies andprocedures.

SEPA SG, SEPAandAdvisoryGroupmembers

SG, SEPAand AdvisoryGroupmembers

Habitats Species

Common name Scientific name Common name Scientific nameReedbeds Marsh clubmoss Lycopodiella inundata Common scoter Melanitta nigraLowland raised bog Irish lady’s-tresses Spiranthes romanzoffiana Black-throated diver Gavia arcticaEutophic standing waters Club sedge Carex buxbaumii Red-throated diver Gavia stellataRivers False sedge Kobresia simpliciuscula Water vole Arvicola terrestrisMesotrophic lakes Southern yellow splinter Lipsothrix nervosa Otter Lutra lutraOligotrophic and dystrophic lakes Freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera Soprano pipistrelle bat Pipistrellus pygmaeusLowland fens Welch’s money spider Erigone welchi Daubenton’s bat Myotis daubentonii

Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Noctule bat Nyctalus noctulaSea lamprey Petromyzon marinus Osprey Pandion haliatetusRiver lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis Dunlin Calidris alpina

Greenland white-fronted goose Anser albifrons

# denotes a project starting or completing outside this five year programme


21

FW2#: Ecologicalmonitoring andresearch

2010-2015

Monitoring of selectedrivers and lochs carriedout on a rollingprogramme, enablingclassification andprioritisation of actions toimprove their ecologicalstatus.

The new monitoringnetwork enables SEPA toidentify further problemsand resolve them, helpingto improve the waterenvironment.

SEPA has introduced new watermonitoring and classification systemsthat will provide the data to support theaim of the Water Framework Directive(WFD). This holistic approach tomonitoring helps to address a range ofdifferent pressures.

The new classification system coversall rivers, lochs, transitional, coastaland groundwater bodies, and is basedon five quality classes. It has beendevised following EU and UK guidanceand is underpinned by a range ofbiological quality elements, supportedby measurements of chemistry,hydrology (changes to levels andflows) and morphology (changes to theshape and function of water bodies).Some of the quality elements used inthe new ecological classificationsystem have not been monitored inScotland before.

All water bodies are ofgood ecological status,or similar objective, by2015.

SEPA Landowners,AFT

SEPA andlandowners

FW3: Lochcatchmentprojects

2010-2013

Produce EnvironmentalImprovement Plans forpriority lochs.

Through development of catchmentand loch-based partnerships, at prioritysites, deliver improved ecologicalstatus and biodiversity enhancement.

Take forward theconservation andrestoration projectshighlighted in the 7 lochsummaries produced todate.

Develop and implementthese into fullEnvironmentalImprovement Plans for 7lochs.

SEPA Localpartnerships,SAC

Localpartnerships



Resourcesin place:people



22

FW4: Riparianhabitatenhancement

2010-2014

Restore riverside habitats,improving their biodiversityand that of adjacent rivers,with a focus on Loch Awein particular.

The 2 year Eredine ForestManagement Plan runs until 2011 andhas mapped and trialled the removal ofinvasive species from riparian areaswithin parts of the WAFD forest. Workis also being carried out identifying andremoving obstacles to fish migration.

This pilot study has helped secure thewider 4 year project on Control ofInvasive Plant Species in the AweCatchment, running from 2010 to 2014.This will aim to bring under control keyinvasive plant species in thecatchment.

Establishment the scale ofnon-native invasive plantcolonisation and prioritise formanagement intervention.

By 2014, implement treatmentof Rhododendron to bring itsspread within the catchmentunder control, and establishlong-term regime for control.

AFT,WAFD

AFT,WAFD,LAIA,ADRIA,A&BC, LBO

SEPA,AFT, RIAs,WAFD andFW

FW5; Focusingbrown troutmanagement onpopulations

2010-2015

Establish anunderstanding of thegenetic make up of troutpopulations in Argyll.

Use this information toinform managementrecommendations forconserving / improvingtrout populations.

Brown trout, the ancestrol ferox troutand the migratory form, sea trout (allSalmo trutta), are important fisheryresources in Argyll and an importantkey species to maintaining biodiversityin the region.

The project aims to build on the modelof the Focusing Atlantic SalmonManagement on Populations(FASMOP) project to identify basicunits of management for the troutfishery and understand their diversityand relative rates of biological andeconomic importance to the fishery.

Complete rolling programmeof fish sampling to enablecharacterisation of Argyll andBute’s trout populations.

AFT AFT AFT




Resourcesin place:finance


23

FW6: Fish andhabitat surveys

Baseline surveys for allfish species.

Managementrecommendations forrestoring fishpopulations.

This project will expand on the baseline surveysundertaken by AFT, to establish information onthe ecology and biology of native and non-nativefish species in Argyll, alongside habitat surveys.

Electro-fishing for juvenile salmonids will informmanagers of local abundance and highlightspecific areas requiring direct conservationaction. Other species to benefit from thesesurveys include lampreys and eels, with non-native species also being mapped.

Repeated surveys on priority catchments willidentify trends and assist with futuremanagement plans.

Undertake a rollingprogramme of surveys,and record, store andinterpret information tohighlight actionsneeded forconservation of fishstocks and habitats.

AFT AFT AFT

FW7: Fisherymanagementplan

2010-2015

Produce a managementplan to direct fisheriesconservation for thebenefit of biodiversityand fisheries resources.

The AFT have completed a draft form for theregion’s Fishery Management Plan. It has amulti stakeholder base, which draws togethermany disciplines and resources to achieve itsgoals. This will direct and manage all effortstowards protecting and conserving nativefreshwater species and habitats for the benefit ofbiodiversity and the fisheries resource.

To have FisheryManagement Plans forall significant fisheriesby 2015 (at a rate of 2 ayear).

AFT DSFB,RIAs andLIAs

AFT,DSFB,RIAs andLIAs

FW8: Fisheriesawarenessprogramme

2010-2015

Educationalprogrammes for schoolsdesigned to generateawareness forfreshwater science.

Educational materials tobe made availableonline, and to bedistributed to schools.

‘Rivers in the Classroom’, involves a hands-onapproach towards educating Primary schoolpupils in freshwater fishery science across theregion. Topics include fish life cycles,freshwater conservation, survey techniques andpractical instructions for egg incubators andhatching procedures.

Materials will be made available online anddistributed.

Promote use of Riversin the Classroom, with6 primary schoolsinvolved by 2011.

Continue delivery to aminimum of 6 primaryschools a year.

AFT AFT AFT






24

FW9: Welch’s moneyspider survey

2010-2015

Improved knowledge ofdistribution, habitatrequirements andpopulation trends of thisspecies, enabling any localthreats to be identified andaddressed, where possible.

This project will establish the currentstatus of this species by targetedsurvey effort.

Resurvey historic site toconfirm continuedpresence.

Identify other potentialsites on Tiree and Colland survey these.

Review site protectionand ensure sites areafforded protection whereappropriate.

BAS BL BAS, BL

FW10: Arachnidawareness and IDtraining

2010-2015

Provision of educationalmaterials to schools and on-line.

Provision of generalarachnid ID sheet.

Run an arachnid ID andsurvey training event.

Promote arachnid recordingthrough these resourcesand events.

Raise awareness of arachnidsthrough provision of educationalmaterials and promote increasedrecording.

Make these materialsavailable on-line.

Run 1 arachnid surveytraining course per every2 years.

BL BAS, BL BAS, BL






25

FW11#: Black-throated diver raftmonitoring project

2010-2015

(Red-throated divermonitoring andconservation work isalso underway,particularly throughthe WAFD andC&TFD. Theirsupport covers bothspecies, contributingto monitoring andmaintenance of diverrafts)

Improved knowledge ofdistribution and populationtrends of this species,enabling any local threatsto be identified andaddressed, where possible.

Improved breedingsuccess, through provisionof well-maintained andpositioned rafts.

Black-throated divers are highlythreatened and suffer high breedingfailure. They breed on freshwaterwaterbodies are particularlysusceptible to failure due to nestsbeing flooded.

The installation of artificial rafts onsuitable water bodies has beenfound to significantly improvebreeding success, and can alsobenefit red-throated divers. A largenumber of artificial rafts havealready been deployed, and areregularly monitored. Any furthersuitable waterbodies where raftscould be deployed will be identified,and resources sought to providerafts. All known black-throated diverbreeding territories will be monitoredbiannually with waterbodies withrafts monitored annually. Sitecondition monitoring will also beundertaken at designated sites bySNH.

Monitor all knownbreeding sites annually,co-ordinating to ensurecomprehensive coverageand avoid duplication ofeffort.

Continue to report overallpopulation levels andbreeding success.

Monitor all waterbodieswith rafts annually, andcarry out rollingprogramme of raftmaintenance.

Identify any furthersuitable waterbodies forraft deployment andprovide new rafts forthese.

WAFD,SNHandRSPB

RSPB,WAFD, andABC

FCS, SNH,RPS






26

DF1: Dragonflydistributionsurvey, habitatenhancementand awareness

2010-2015

Improvedknowledge ofdragonflydistribution andpopulation trends,enabling any localthreats to beidentified andaddressed, wherepossible, and toidentify andimplementopportunities forhabitatenhancement.

Survey work will be undertaken aimed atincreasing the information on thespecies, status of existing breedingpools, distribution and populations withinA&B. For example, white-faced darter,an endangered species is currentlyknown to breed at only one location inA&B. Survey work will includeidentification of threats to species andhabitats at key sites, and prioritisation oftargeted conservation work, asresources allow.

Data will be supplied to nationalmonitoring databases (including NBN).

Conduct at lease 1 survey atknown sites every 5 years toincrease records of Ordonata forArgyll and Bute.

Provide advice to developers, landmanagers and people carrying outconservation work to ensure thatRed-listed dragonfly habitats aremaintained, improved, or whereappropriate, created.

Deliver 2 guided walks a year toraise profile of dragonflies anddamselflies.

Promote more widespreadrecording of Odonata, andsubmission of records.

BDS BDS, SNH,Landownersandmanagers,C&TFD

BDS, SNH,developers

DF2: Developmanagementplans tomaintainexistingbreedingdragonflypopulations

Managementplans will bedevelopedfocusing on Red-listed species.

Species specific management plansshould be created for all Red-listedspecies, and include breeding and adulthabitat.

Identify the top 5 sites forimportant Odonata species inArgyll and Bute, and throughliaison with land managers,provide advice to ensure habitatsare suitably managed.

Produce generic managementplans for the 3 priority Red-listedspecies.

Assist with the production of sitemanagement plans for Red-listedspecies, by providingmanagement advice, if resourcesallow.

BDS BDS, SNH,Landownersandmanagers

SNH,Landownersandmanagers






27

Freshwater Work Programme- Potential ProjectsProject title Key outputs and outcomesDF3: Argyll dragonflyleaflet

To promote awareness of Argyll’s dragonflies and damselflies with land managers and owners, and the public, through production of abespoke leaflet suitable to assist with field identification.

FW12: Salmon and seatrout restoration

Continuing work from the first phase, which encompassed habitat assessment, undertake monitoring and investigative work to assessrecruitment of salmon and trout to Loch Fyne rivers.

FW13: Removingstream crossingsobstacles to fishmigration.

Continuing work from the first phase, this will aim to secure funds to implement the schedule of prioritised removal of obstacles thatare present in key watercourses.

FW14: Brown troutmanagement -population genetics inLoch Awe

Establish an understanding of the genetic make up of trout populations in Argyll and Bute. This will be an extension of FW5 andcomprise a rolling programme of genetic assessments, working towards a complete genetic characterisation of Argyll and Bute’s troutpopulation. MSS has agreed in principle to conduct this genetic analysis.

FW15: River Awesalmonids fisheriesmanagement plan andimplementation

Improved understanding of how the River Awe is used by these species, the River’s habitat status and constraints in operation thateffect salmonids. This is the follow-on to implement the habitat enhancement work and resolve the constraints identified as inhibitingsalmonid fisheries management in the River Awe.


28

8.2 Marine and Coastal Work Programme

Argyll and Bute’s 3,000 miles of convoluted coastline hosts a wide variety of habitats and species with some represented in our Marine andCoastal Ecosystem work programme.

Since 2001 the marine environment of Argyll and Bute has been subject to changes in management for designated sites such as the Firth ofLorn and Loch Creran SACs and areas busy for industry such as Loch Fyne, the Sound of Mull and Loch Etive. Further more rapid change liesahead. The introduction of the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 more recently provides an opportunity to better balance all uses of the sea anddevelopment of the marine renewables industry will create new challenges for the protection of marine biodiversity.

The marine environment has seen an increase in recreational activities with many people enjoying sailing, sea kayaking, diving and whale anddolphin watching. Marine education has seen an increase too with the development of the Sea and Learn Education pack and improved furthereducational facilities at the Scottish Association of Marine Sciences. The Hebridean Whale and Dolphin Trust and the Sealife Centre are just someof the organisations who are involved in awareness raising in Argyll and Bute.

The revised Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Action Plan 2010-2015 work programme of funded and potential projects below aim to contribute tothe enhancement and better understanding of these environments.

Factors limiting the biodiversity of marine and coastal ecosystems:

Unsustainable fishing methods such as seabed trawling and dredging.Pollution from oil spills.Untreated or undertreated discharges including sewage at various locationsalong the coast.Marine and coastal rubbish.Non-native invasive species.Inappropriately sited developments.Climate change.Limited information on habitat and species distribution is an obstacle to directingeffective conservation work.Inappropriate livestock grazing/forestry regimes on coastal habitats.

The table below lists the priority habitats and species typical of the Marine and Coastal Ecosystem. Next are details of the work programmeprojects being delivered during the 2010-2015 Plan. Further priority projects to take forward as and when resources become available are listed atthe end. The Marine and Coastal Ecosystem Work Programme will be revised annually.


29

Habitats SpeciesCommon name Scientific name Common Name Scientific name

Sub-tidal sands and gravels Arthonia atlantica Minke whale Balenoptera acutorostrataSeagrass beds Cladonia peziziformis Common dolphin Delphinus delphisCoastal sand dunes Collema fragile White beaked dolphin Lagenorhynchus albirostrisCoastal vegetated shingle Arthothelium norvegicum Bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatusMachair Cladonia stereoclada Harbour seal Phoca vitulinaMaerl beds Wig wrack or sea-loch

egg wrackAscophyllum nodosum ecadmackaii

Grey seal Halichoerus grypus

Maritime cliffs and slopes Purple milk-vetch Astragalus danicus Greenland white-fronted goose Anser albifronsMud habitats in deep water Juniper Juniperus communis Barnacle goose Branta leucopsisSerpulid reefs Dune gentian Gentianella uliginosa Common scoter Melanitta nigraBlue mussel beds Euphrasia heslop-harrisonii Black-throated diver Gavia arcticaTide-swept channels Forester Adscita statices White-tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicillaFile shell beds Great yellow bumblebee Bombus distinguendus Corncrake Crex crex

Moss carder bee Bombus muscorum Arctic skua Stercorarius parasiticusRed-shanked carder bee Bombus ruderarius Herring gull Larus argentatusNorthern colletes Colletes floralis Little tern Sternula albifronsSlender scotch burnetmoth

Zygaena loti scotica Common tern Sterna hirundo

Timid burrowing anemone Edwardsia timida Arctic tern Sterna paradisaeaNative oyster Ostrea edulis Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocoraxFan mussel Atrina fragilis Otter Lutra lutraBend-bearing blunt-browspider

Silometopus incurvatus Peregrine Falco peregrinus

Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Redshank Tringa totanusSea lamprey Petromyzon marinus Common tern Sterna hirundoRiver lamprey Lampetra fluviatilisBasking shark Cetorhinus maximusHarbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena


30

Marine and Coastal Work Programme

Project reference,title and duration

Key outputs andoutcomes


Resources inplace:people


MC1: Scottish SharkTagging Programme.

2010, and Phase 2 in2011 to 2015

Tagging and recordingdata on shark, skateand ray species foundin Scottish coastalwaters throughout theyear.

A programme aimed at tagging as manysharks, skate and ray species aspossible in Scottish waters.

Tagging is a non-destructive method ofgathering data regarding species’migrations, growth rates, population,stock make-up and fluctuations.

Data gathered from tagging will aidunderstanding of species abundance,key areas/habitats and determineduration of their presence and the degreeto which migration takes place.

Aim to tag a minimumof 100 shark, skate orrays a year, over theplan period.

Publicise findings tohelp raise the profileof these species andthis research.

Attend a minimum of1 event a year topublicise the projectand its findings.

ScottishSeaAnglingConser-vationNetwork

Scottish SeaAnglingConservationNetwork

SNH,LEADER

MC2: Whale, dolphinand basking sharkphoto identificationprogramme

2010-2015

Continued expansionof photo identificationcatalogue for use inpopulationassessment.

Photo identification (or photo ID) is anon-invasive technique used to studywhale and dolphin populations throughsightings and their locations. This isparticularly important for small dolphinspecies and toothed whales which arepresent part of the year or all year as itwill aid in building a catalogue ofindividuals and identify key habitatsthrough repeat sightings. For migratoryspecies, such as baleen whales,photographs can be compared with otherstudies worldwide to see if the sameindividuals have been recorded thusindicating key migratory routes.

Continue to obtainphotos and add todatabase.

HWDT MCS HWDT,MCS

MC3: SeaSearchsurvey

2010-2015

Review existing surveycoverage and plan aprogramme of carefullyprioritised surveys.

Review and add to existing surveyreports on seabed habitats andassociated marine wildlife.

As part of the nationalprogramme, deliversurvey data from 1Argyll site a year over2010-2015.

MCS MSC MCS andSNH



31

MC4: Coolseas

2010-2015

Expand MarineConservationSociety ‘Cool Seas’educationprogramme to allschools, adapting tofit with Scottisheducation system.

Cool Seas is an interactive educationprogramme aimed at the generalpublic and schools. Curriculumlessons are currently set up for theEnglish and Welsh curriculum andthis should be expanded to theScottish system and if possible tied inwith the existing Sea and Learneducational pack which waslaunched in August 2007 as part ofthe Curriculum for Excellence.

Promote the Cool Seaseducation programme to allschools by 2015.

Use the Cool Seas and/or Seaand Learn at no less than 3schools a year over the planperiod.

HWDT MCS HWDT, MCSAdditional fundingto be sought fromMSF.

MC5: Coastallittermanagement

2010-2015

Expand the ‘Adopt-a-Beach’ scheme.

Expand the Adopt-a-Beach schemein conjunction with the GRAB Trust,the Firth of Clyde Forum and localschools to undertake beach litterpicks and raise awareness of theimpacts of waste on marine wildlife.

Extend coverage of beachadoption at least 10% above2010 levels.

A&BC GRAB TrustandSchools,HelensburghEastEsplanadeProtectionGroup

LBO, A&BC,GRAB Trust andschools.Additional fundingto be sought fromMSF

MC6: Coastalfarmlandenhancement

2010-2015

Promote agri-environmentschemes aimed atmaintenance andenhancing importantcoastal habitats,including machair,through provision ofspecialist advice andonline information.

Encourage uptake of agri-environment schemes aimed atencouraging low-intensity grazing,cropping and maintenance ofwetlands to encourage breedingwaders, and to enhance machair andits associated species.

Information will be made availablethrough specialist advice andavailable online. This project willbenefit a wide variety of species.

Prioritise machair and coastalBAP species within the RuralDevelopment Contracts –Rural Priorities schemeparticularly where they arealso protected under EU andDomestic legislation.

SEARSagenciesinvolvedinSRDPDelivery.

SNH, SAC,RPID,RSPB,BBCT, H Ltdand BL

ScottishGovernmentSRDP, LifeProject

Projectreference, titleand duration




Resources inplace: finance


32

MC7:Monitorimportant beepopulationsand maintaintheir habitatin favourablecondition

2010-2015

More recording ofimportant beesightings includingGreat YellowBumblebee andColletes species.Specialist advicereadily available onappropriate habitatmanagement andprioritise financialincentives for themaintenance andenhancement ofhabitats for importantbee species

Raise awareness amongstspecies surveyors/recorders ofthe need to record important beespecies (namely Great YellowBumblebee and Colletes)particularly on coastal grasslandhabitats such as machair.

Provide more land users, publicwith more links to onlineinformation about the speciesand their habitat needs plusexpert advisors.

Prioritise important bee specieswithin theRural DevelopmentContracts – Rural Prioritiesscheme in Argyll particularlywhere they are associated withimportant habitats.

Increase survey coverage of appropriatebee habitat in Argyll

Increase enquiries and take up ofimportant bee species advice

Maintain take up of financial incentives formanaging land for important bee species.

SpeciesActionFrameworkGreatYellowBumblebeePartnership

BBCT,Hltd,SNH,RSPB,RPID,A&BC

BBCT,ScottishGovernmentSRDP.

MC8: Choughmonitoringandconservation

2010-2015

Improvedunderstanding ofspecies distributionand populationtrends.

Ongoing monitoring, colourringing and research of choughpopulation on Islay by ScottishChough Study Group.

Complete annual monitoring of breedingchough.

Continue to prioritise chough withinSRDP

Rural Development Contracts – RuralPriorities scheme and SNH Natural Careprogramme to provide incentives forappropriate land management forchough.

SCSG,SNH,RSPB

SNH,RPIDandRSPB

SRSG, SNH,RSPB, ScottishGovernmentSRDPschemes.

Projectreference,title andduration



Res-ourcesinplace:people



33

MC9: BreedingArctic skuamonitoring

2010-2015

Ongoing annualmonitoring andresearch of Arcticskua population onColl and Jura.

Ongoing monitoring and research of Arcticskua populations on Coll and Jura. TheArctic skua reaches its southernmostbreeding locations in Argyll, and the verylimited data indicate a substantial declinein recent years. Argyll Bird Reportsindicate that there has been very littleeffort put into counting breeding numbersat the two colonies. The objective of thisproject is to gather data on currentbreeding numbers of Arctic skuas bycounting birds during the breeding period(late May-June).

Carry out a breeding skuasurvey on Jura and Coll twicewithin the 2010 to 2015lifespan of the plan.

ABC,RSPB

RSPB, ABC ABCSNH

MC10: Seabirdringing andcensus atTreshnish Islesand on Sanda

2010-2015

Continue annualringing of auks andother seabirds,including smallnumbers of stormpetrels.

Ongoing ringing of seabirds and seabirdcensus conducted annually.

Complete annual ringing atthese colonies.

TIARG, TIARG, CRG,ABC

TIARG, ABC

MC11#: Minkcontrol toprotectseabirds

2010-2015

Increased breedingsuccess at seabirdcolonies.

Implementing targeted control of minkwhich would otherwise prey on nestingseabirds.

Continue annual controlprogramme on at least onesite.

SAMS SNH, RSPB,SNHG

SNH, ABC







34

MC12#: White-tailed eaglemonitoring

2010-2015

Improvedunderstanding ofspecies distributionand population trends.

Public support forwhite-tailed eagleconservation.

Ongoing monitoring of breeding white-tailed eagle population in Argyll.

Continued development of eagleviewing opportunities in areas whereeagles are concentrated such as Mullpartnership viewing hide with guidedwalk programmes.

SNH asked to take forward a positivemanagement scheme for farmersmanaging land within vicinity ofbreeding white-tailedeagles.

Complete annual monitoring ofbreeding eagles, focussing onlocating new territories, followingup any reported sightings duringthe breeding season, and birds inwinter that may be prospecting fornest sites.

Continue to raise publicawareness through provision ofviewing sites, events and guidedwalks.

SNH asked to take forward apositive management scheme forfarmers managing land withinvicinity of breeding white-tailedeagles.

SNHRSPB,FCS,NFU,CommunityTrusts

RSPB,WAFD,ARSG,ABC,Mull andIonaCommunityTrust,farmers andlandowners.

SNH,RSPB,ARSG,WAFD Mulland IonaCommunityTrust,farmers andlandowners.

MC13: Bend-bearing blunt-bow spidersurvey

2010-2015

Improvedunderstanding of thedistribution, habitatneeds and populationtrend of this dune-inhabiting moneyspider, enablingtargeting of resourcesto help its protection.

Re-survey the historic sites on Mull toconfirm continued presence. Identifypotential new sites on Mull and surveythese. Review site protection andensure sites are afforded protectionwhere appropriate.

Re-survey historic site to confirmcontinued presence.

Identify other potential sites onMull and survey these.

Review site protection and ensuresites are afforded protectionwhere appropriate.

BAS BL BAS, BL

MC14#:Protection ofnative oysters

2010-2015

Increased awarenessabout the legalprotection given to thisspecies, to assist thepolice in preventingunlawful harvesting.

Increasing awareness of the legalprotection given to native oysters.

Publicise through on-line material,presence at events, and throughsupportive business outlets, thelegal protection given to nativeoysters.

SNH,Police

SNH,SAMS,MCS, TCE

SNH, TCE







35

Work Programme: Potential Projects

MC15: Beachmanagementplans

2011-2015

Develop at least 2management plansrepresenting CoastalVegetated Shingle andSublittoral Sands andGravels

Survey and record plan communitiesand monitor changes for the life timeof this project.

Liaise with local community groups

Publicise this through onlinematerial and formal notices

A&BCandGRAB

SNH A&BC




Resources inplace: people


Project ref. no. and title Key outputs and outcomes

MC16: Tern Raftbreeding programme

The ABC is already supporting tern rafts at South Shian that are being monitored by Clive Craik at SAMS. Work is also done byRSPB protecting and monitoring known little tern breeding sites on Tiree including predator control, signage in the breeding season toreduce disturbance, and raising public awareness. There is however, interest from the ABC in expanding tern conservation workfurther, and therefore this project is to identify suitable water bodies for raft deployment, monitor all known breeding sites biannuallyand monitor all water bodies with rafts annually.

MC17: Firth of Clyde seatrout project

Assessment of the behaviour, survival and productivity of sea trout in collaboration with the Ayrshire, Clyde and Lomond, and ArgyllFisheries Trusts

MC18: Salmon and seatrout smolt migration

Expand the monitoring of migration beyond Lochaber and Loch Linnhe, in order to determine and better understand these migrationmovements.

MC19. Raise awarenessof Priority MarineFeatures - File ShellBeds

Increased awareness of Priority Marine Features using file shell beds since this is a little known very photogenic habitat and there are2 good examples in Argyll and Bute. Increase awareness of the special marine habitats and species of Scotland particularly thoseimportant to Argyll and Bute. Publicise through online and printed material such as leaflets and posters


36

8.3 Lowland and Farmland Work Programme.

Lowland farmland in Argyll is strongly influenced by geography, climate and sparsely distributed fertile soils. As a result this habitat is closely linkedwith other ecosystems in the Plan. Lowland farmland is typically based around river basins in the bottom of glens, loch shorelines and coastal shellsand influenced grassy plains. The ecosystem is widespread in the more fertile and intensively managed agricultural areas in the south west of theregion such as Kintyre, South Cowal and Bute, although many Argyll islands support this ecosystem over much of their land. These areas includeIslay, Tiree, Coll, Iona, Colonsay, Gigha, Luing and Lismore. Most areas still support healthy cattle numbers which necessitates silage cropping on‘in-bye’ fields, although occasionally hay, oats and barley are still grown. Typically, late springs mean silage is cut late which favours ground nestingbirds such as waders in spring and corncrake in late summer. Meanwhile in-bye cropping displaces cattle on to wetlands and rougher pasture whichmaintains their botanical diversity for marsh fritillary, burnet moth and Greenland white-fronted geese. Cattle grazed coastal grasslands supportinternationally important populations of chough, white-fronted and barnacle geese on Islay and Colonsay whilst maintaining flower rich summerpastures. These are one of the reasons why the Argyll islands are a stronghold for the UK’s native bee populations. Initiatives designed to supportlow intensity cattle based systems are therefore critical in this Plan (both market led and via European funded environmental support schemes).

Factors limiting biodiversity of lowland and farmland ecosystems:

Intensification of non-arable grassland management through ploughing, re-seedingand spreading fertiliser.Drainage of wet grasslands and other habitats.Grazing regimes inappropriate for the species dependent on grazed habitat.Amalgamation of farming units leading to reduced diversity of management.Earlier cutting of grass for silage rather than hay, partly due to wetter summers.Increased predation on improved farmland.Lack of rush management.Lack of targeted management of native woodland remnants on farmland,including inappropriate or lack of new woodland planting.Lack of hedgerow management or frequent and intensive hedgerow cutting.Decline in cereal cropping, reducing stubble cover and farmland bird food availabilityover winter.Bracken encroachment.

The table below lists the priority habitats and species typical of the Lowland and Farmland Ecosystem. Next are details of the work programmeprojects being delivered during the 2010-2015 Plan. Further priority projects to take forward as and when resources become available are listed atthe end. The Lowland and Farmland Ecosystem Work Programme will be revised annually.


37

Habitats SpeciesCommon name Scientific name Common name Scientific name

Lowland meadows Cladonia peziziformis Lapwing Vanellus vanellus

Upland hay meadows Irish lady’s-tresses Spiranthes romanzoffiana Common cuckoo Cuculus canorus

Lowland calcareous grass-land

Great yellow bumblebee Bombus distinguendus Skylark Alauda arvensis

Lowland dry acid grassland Forester Adscita statices Twite Carduelis flavirostrisLowland heathland Narrow-bordered bee hawk-moth Hemaris tityus Soprano pipistrelle bat Pipistrellus pygmaeusPurple moor grass and rushpastures

Periclepsis cinctana Barnacle goose Branta leucopsis

Waxcap grassland Transparent burnet moth Zygaena purpuralis caledonensis Greenland white-frontedgoose

Anser albifrons

Argent & sable Rheumaptera hastate Corncrake Crex crexSlender scotch burnet moth Zygaena loti scotica Golden plover Pluvialis apricariaMarsh fritillary Euphydryas aurinia Redshank Tringa totanusChequered skipper Carterocephalus palaemon Tree sparrow Passer montanusAdder Vipera berusBrown long-eared bat Plecotus auritusDaubenton’s bat Myotis daubentoniiNoctule bat Nyctalus noctula


38

Work Programme# denotes a project starting or completing outside this five year programmeProject title Key outputs and

outcomesProject description Target Lead partner Resources in

place: peopleResources in place:finance

LF1#: Species richgrassland habitatmanagement

2010-2015

Encourage species-rich grasslandhabitat managementthrough improvedprovision of expertadvice, includingonline materials andseminars.

Improved habitatmanagementthrough SRDP.

Species-richgrasslands areimportant for manyspecies ofinvertebrates. Thehabitat comprises awide spectrum ofgrasslandcomposition rangingfrom enclosedarable meadows tocalcareouspermanent and wellgrazed pastures(e.g. machair andlimestone areas).

This project willencourage theimprovedmanagement ofexisting sitesthrough SRDPschemes.

Promote positivemanagement ofspecies richgrasslands throughSRDP schemes,aiming to secureenhancement ofover 50ha by 2015.

.

SEARS agenciesinvolved in deliveryof SRDP schemes

BBCT, RSPB, SAC,landowners andmanagers

SG, SRDP, A&BC,BBCT, landownersand managers


39

LF2: Habitatmanagement forbee species

2010-2011

Raise awareness ofbee speciesbenefiting fromagricultural habitatmanagementthrough productionof managementadvice leaflets andon-line resources.

The great yellowbumblebee andnorthern colletes areheavily dependent ona good supply ofpollen and nectarresources throughoutthe season and needgrasslands that aremanaged with this inmind.

Provide a minimum of1 workshop a year inArgyll to raiseawareness of beespecies, andmanagement tobenefit priorityspecies.

Disseminate materialsvia the internet thatgive advice on habitatmanagement for thedifferent bee species.

If resources allow,identify a minimum of1 demonstration siteduring the period ofthis plan to show theresults of positivemanagement forpollen and nectar richhabitat.

Great YellowBumblebee SpeciesAction FrameworkPartnership

Great YellowBumblebee SpeciesAction FrameworkPartnership, SAC,landowners andmanagers

Great YellowBumblebee SpeciesAction FrameworkPartnership, SG,SRDP schemes(including RuralPriorities, LandManagementContracts andLeader), RPS


Project description Target Lead partner Resources inplace: people

Resources in place:finance


40

LF3; Hebrideanbumblebeesurvey

2010-2015

Run a series of trainingevents for consultants,rangers and volunteers.

Survey all potentiallysuitable areas forimportant islandbumblebee species.

The Hebridean Islands supportimportant populations of rarebumblebees, including anendemic subspecies of mosscarder bee. There are alsopopulations of red-shankedcarder bee and great yellowbumblebee. Great yellowbumblebee surveys will beundertaken as part of theSpecies Action Framework(SAF), and surveys for otherbees will be undertaken toprovide a parallel index.Surveys will also beundertaken to confirm thecontinued presence of red-shanked carder bee on Ionaand to determine whether ithas expanded its range tosuitable areas of habitat onMull. Training events will beorganised for consultants,rangers and volunteers oncarrying out surveys for thesespecies.

Complete a rollingprogramme of surveys ofexisting and potential sitesfor these species.

Transfer the results of thissurvey onto the NBN.

Use the survey results toimprove the management ofthe species contracted underSRDP schemes.

Assess developmentproposals to check forpotential impacts on flower-rich habitats.

BBCT SNH,A&BC,RSPB, HLtd, BTCV,landownersandmanagers

BBCT, SNH,A&BC,landowners andmanagers, GreatYellowBumblebee SAFProject






41

LF4#: Butterflymonitoring

2010-2015

Monitor core sites formarsh fritillary andchequered skipper andprovide ongoingmonitoring of the marshfritillary populations

The marsh fritillary is a butterflythat lives on unimproved, damp,lightly grazed, species-rich, acidor neutral grassland, coastalheath, or occasionally woodlandclearings. The chequeredskipper is another butterfly andrelies upon purple moor grassand generally lives at dampwoodland edges.

This project consists of aprogramme of surveys byvolunteers and landowners/managers to survey all colonies(including those with no post-1995 records) and potential sites,as well as ongoing permanentmonitoring at three knownpopulations of each species.

Complete a rollingprogramme of surveys ofexisting and potential sitesfor these species.

Transfer the results of thissurvey onto the NBN.

Use the survey results toimprove the managementof the species contractedunder SRDP schemes.

BC SNH, RSPB, WAFDlandowners andmanagers(particularly thosecontracted tomanage land formarsh fritillary underRural DevelopmentContracts – RuralPriorities Scheme)

BC, SNH,WAFD,landownersandmanagers,SG, SRDPSchemes

LF5#: Butterflyand mothmanagementadvice

2010-2015

Provision of managementadvice to landowners andmanagers of core marshfritillary, chequeredskipper, argent and sableand narrow-bordered beehawkmoth sites throughleaflets and onlineresources.

Management advice will beprovided to landowners andmanagers through leaflets andseminars. This information willcontinue to be distributed asleaflets and will be made easilyavailable online through theA&BC Biodiversity web site.

Provide a minimum of 1workshop a year in Argyllto raise awareness ofbutterfly and mothspecies, and managementto benefit priority species.

Promote materials via theinternet that give adviceon habitat managementfor the different butterflyand moth species.

BC andBSG

SNH, RSPB, SAC,landowners andmanagers

BC, SNH,landownersand managers






42

LF6#: Corncrakemanagement

2010-2015

Provision of managementadvice to landowners andmanagers through talks,leaflets and onlineresources.

Annual breeding census byRSPB.

Management advice will beprovided to landowners andmanagers on best practice toencourage corncrake breedingsuccess.

Financial support will beprovided to farmers forcorncrake-friendly farmingpractices through appropriateschemes.

Annual breeding seasonsurvey across core range.

Maintain stable population ator above 2010 levels, andaim to spread range on Islay,if resources allow.

SNH andRSPB

SEAR’sagencies,RSPB, SAC,landownersandmanagers

SG, SRDP,landownersand managers

LF7: Burnet andforester mothproject

2010-2015

Improved understanding ofthe population distributionand trends of thesespecies, enabling targetedhabitat enhancement.

Promote awareness of theimportance of moths forbiodiversity using thesespecies, whilst promoting theirown conservation.

Survey known sites for allspecies every three years.

Continue to monitor coresites.

Make existing managementadvice easily availableonline.

Promote positive habitatmanagement for the speciesthrough SRDP schemes.

BSG, BC, SEAR’sagencies,landownersandmanagers

BSG, BC, SG,SRDP,landownersand managers

LF8: Lepidopteratraining andawareness project

2010-2012

Promote the appreciationof these species andinvolvement in theirrecording andconservation.

Increase survey skills andencourage more volunteerparticipation in surveys andmonitoring.

Run one training course ayear to introduce people toLepidoptera and increaseidentification skills.

Make BC A&B leafletsavailable.

LBO, BC,BSG.

BTCV, SNH,SAC

LBO, BC,BSG and SNH






43

LF9: Periclepsiscinctana mothproject

2010-2015

Improved understanding ofthe population distributionand trends of this species,enabling targeted habitatenhancement.

Ensure there is sufficientinformation on the distributionof this species to ensure sitesare appropriately protected.

Survey known sites everythree years.

Provide management adviceto landowners and managersin leaflets and online.

Ensure sites appropriatelyprotected.

BSG andBC.

SNH,landownersandmanagers

BC, LBO,SNH,landownersandmanagers

LF10: Native farmwoodlands project

2010-2015

Increased area ofsympathetically managedwoodland on farmland,particularly contributing tohabitat networks.

Encourage improvedmanagement of existing nativewoodland and additionalappropriate planting of newnative woodland on farmlandthrough appropriate grantschemes.

Make information regardingimportance of retention andplanting of native woodlandavailable online – focusing onbiodiversity benefits, such asthose for epiphytic lichens,bryophytes, woodland birdsand woodland edge specialists(e.g. chequered skipper, blackgrouse).

Promote information availableonline regarding appropriatefunding schemes supportingsuch action.

FCS SEAR’sagencies,SNW, SAC,landownersandmanagers

SG, SRDP,LBO, A&BC,landownersandmanagers

Project title Key outputs and outcomes Project description Target Leadpartner




44

Work Programme: Potential ProjectsProject title Key outputs and outcomes

LF11: Identificationand survey ofwaxcap grassland

Building on the national waxcap grassland survey, this project will train local volunteers to identify and monitor important waxcapgrassland sites. The aims is to ensure landowners and managers are aware of the location of important waxcap grassland on their groundand manage to protect it.

LF12: Provision ofmanagement advicefor waxcap grassland

Production and dissemination of clear management advice to help land managers maintain the rich diversity of waxcap grasslands.


45

8.4 Woodland Work Programme

Argyll and Bute’s forests are rich in wildlife and play a vital role in conserving threatened plants, animals and fungi. Of particular importance are the37,500ha of ancient woodland, including 27,000ha which are considered to be semi-natural in origin. These woods hold one of the most diverseranges of moss, liverwort and lichen communities in the world, as well as red squirrel, otter, black grouse, hazel glove fungus and the pearl-borderedfritillary butterfly, and many other important protected and LBAP priority species. The importance of the forests in the Council area is recognised inthe large proportion of national and international designations they hold: 42 of the 109 Sites of Special Scientific Interest in the area are designated,at least in part, for their woodland (35 for their Atlantic oak woods).

In the past, commercial forest expansion has damaged wildlife interests by encroaching on important habitats, particularly ancient woodland, blanketbog and the edges of water bodies and rivers. Over the lifetime of this Plan, one of the most significant opportunities for biodiversity enhancementwill arise as a result of widespread harvesting of many of these commercial timber forests. This means there will be many opportunities for theexpansion of native woodland and the creation of other habitat features alongside and integrated with new commercial forest plantations.Throughout all areas across Argyll and parts of Bute, this provides real opportunities to increase woodland habitat networks, to help both plants andanimals adapt to climate change and also to help reverse the pattern of habitat fragmentation that has taken place over many centuries.

Factors limiting the biodiversity of forest and woodland ecosystems:

Limited extent and fragmented nature of native woodland habitat.Lack of structural diversity and deadwood.Limited natural regeneration of some woodlands.Limited or inappropriate management of woodland, including woodland grazing.Spread of invasive species, particularly Rhododendron, which forms dense thickets thatout compete native shrubs and ground flora and casts a dense shade, beneath whichlichens and bryophytes are unable to persist.Inappropriate woodland management, e.g. coppicing Atlantic oakwood and hazelwood.Climate change.

The table below lists priority habitats and species typical of the Woodland Ecosystem. Next are details of the work programme projects beingdelivered during the 2010-2015 Plan. Further priority projects listed at the end will be taken forward as and when resources become available. TheWoodland Ecosystem Work Programme will be revised annually.


46

Habitats Species

Common name Scientific name Common name Scientific nameUpland oak woodland andAtlantic hazelwoods

Arthonia cohabitans Adder Vipera berus

Upland mixed ash woods Arthonia thelotrematis Black grouse Tetrao tetrix

Wet woodlands Hazel gloves Hypocreopsis rhododendri Common cuckoo Caprimulgus europaeusLowland mixed deciduouswoodlands

Gilded brittlegill Russula aurea Wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix

Wood-pasture and parkland Opegrapha brevis Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus

Native pinewood Opegrapha pulvinata Spotted flycatcher Muscicapa striataArthonia atlantica Red squirrel Sciurus vulgarisGraphis alboscripta Wildcat Felix sylvestris grampiaLecanora cinereofusca Soprano pipistrelle bat Pipistrellus pygmaeusPyrenula hibernica Brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritusCladonia norvegica Daubenton’s bat Myotis daubentonii

Juniper Juniperus communis Noctule bat Nyctalus noctulaSouthern yellow splinter Lipsothrix nervosa Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleucaMountain bladder-fern Cystopteris montana Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurusNarrow-bordered bee hawk-moth

Hemaris tityus Pearl-bordered fritillary Boloria euphrosyne

Argent and Sable Rheumaptera hastate Chequered skipper Carterocephalus palaemon


47

Work Programme# denotes a project starting or completing outside this five year programme

Project Title Key Outputs andOutcomes

Project Description Target LeadPartner

Resources inplace: People

Resourcesin place:Finance

W1: Nativewoodlandexpansion

2010-2015

Expand the areaof nativewoodland.

Through re-structuring and re-stocking of existing forests, andthrough native woodlandplanting, extend the area ofnative woodland Argyll and Bute.

Expand the native woodland cover fromjust over 5,000ha (8% of forest cover) tosignificantly over 9,000ha, with particularemphasis on enhancing forest habitatnetworks, including riparian corridors.

FCS Landownersandmanagers,forest agents,SAC

FCS, SRDP

W2: Control ofinvasive specieson ForestryCommissionScotland estate

2010-2014

(note that thisproject alsostrongly linkswith FW4 in theFreshwater andWetlands WorkProgramme)

To have astrategicallyassessed, planedand scheduledprogramme ofmanaginginvasive species,giving particularpriority over theLBAP period tocontrol ofRhododendron inareas where itthreatens theconservationstatus ofdesignated sites.

WAFD and C&TFD has a rollingprogramme of harvesting andreplanting, which is implementedthrough its Forest Design Planprocess. As a routine part offelling and replanting operations,areas of rhododendron areidentified and mapped at thecoupe level.

Within WAFD, this information isnot collated at present andcontrol is related primarily to theDistrict’s felling programme.

C&TFD have compiled arhododendron managementstrategy and have moved into itsimplementation phase.

The project aims to put controlon a more strategic footing, sothat resources can be directed tothe areas where control is mostbeneficial to biodiversity.

Produce a plan for prioritised invasiveexotic species by 2011 and implement asresources permit, in association withother partners.

Collate information currently collectedthrough felling operations to feed into thisplan.

As resources allow, map and controlareas of rhododendron as part of on-going forest management operations

Increase the targeting of rhododendroncontrol to areas where it helps to avoid orreduce threats to the conservation statusof designated sites, especially in areas ofhigh oceanic bryophyte and lichendiversity.

WAFDC&TFD

WAFD,C&TFD

WAFD,C&TFD,FCS, SNH,SG,Landowners


48

W3: Argyll andLoch Lomondand TrossachsNational ParkRhododendronControlPartnership

2010-2015

Prioritise andfoster control ofrhododendronwithin key sitesthroughoutArgyll and Bute

Continued development of arhododendron control strategy for theregion, prioritising and assistingrhododendron control planning onsites through one-to-one advice,preparation of generic guidance andensuring funding schemes respond tothe needs of the strategy.

To encourage rhododendron control to pointof eradication from the site where possiblein sites across Argyll and Bute prioritisedaccording to, but not exclusively, thefollowing criteria:-- Designated sites SSSIs/SAC/SPA/NNR(including buffer zones)

- Ancient woodland (including buffer zones)- Specific sites affected by Phytophthoraspp.

- Previous/active control work (especiallywhere successful).

- Designated landscape (including buffer).

FCS,SRDP

SNH,LL&TNP,land-owners andlandmanagers,forestagents,SAC

SEARS

W4: Deermanagement

2010-2015

Control of deergrazing onsensitivehabitats, basedon soundknowledge oftheir numbers,distribution andeffects onvegetation.

To manage the deer population inorder to keep numbers and damage inbalance with sensitive habitatrequirements.

Continue to monitor deer numbers anddamage levels annually.

Using this information, derive a deermanagement plan for WAFD and C&TFD.

For specific sites that are particularlyvulnerable, erect deer fencing to protectsensitive habitats, ensuring fences aremarked to avoid bird collision.

SNH(DeerComm-ission)

WAFD,C&TFD,land-owners andlandmanagers,deermanage-mentgroups

WAFD,C&TFD,FCS, land-owners andlandmanagers

W5: NativeWoodlandSurvey ofScotland

2010-2012

Survey thelocation, type,extent andcondition of allnative woodlandand Plantationon AncientWoodland Sites(PAWS).

To improve understanding ofScotland’s native woodlands, FCS isconducting a major field-based surveyof this habitat. This is by far the mostcomprehensive ever work of this kind.

Results will be used to informdevelopment of policies andincentives for owners in order to helpmanage and conserve Scotland’snative woodlands.

To complete the mapping of Argyll andBute’s Native Woodlands by 2012.

By 2012, publish and disseminate theresults, in the form of a Council-wide report,through use of the internet, includingthrough interactive mapping on the FCSwebsite (see http://www.forestry.gov.uk/website/forestry.nsf/byunique/infd-7ybbzy).

FCS RPS/FCS FCS

Project Title Key outputsand outcomes


Resourcesin place:People



49

W6: Follow-up woodlandmanagementat theDalriadaancientwoodlandproject

2010-2015

Effective on-goingmanagement of268ha of nativewoodland, tosupport itsrestoration.

The original project aimed to protect, connectand restore 268ha of ancient woodland sites bystructuring forests, facilitating naturalregeneration, controlling grazing, and plantingnative species. After the positive start madesince the original project got underway in 2007,this follow-on work is to ensure monitoring andmanagement work continue, to take forward therhododendron and other woodland managementwork completed so far by local people andschools.

To complete an annualinspection of rhododendrongrowth.

To implement any requiredrhododendron control necessaryso that it occurs less than 5%cover no higher than 1.0m.

WAFD WAFD,SW, SNW

SW, SNW

W7: ForestEducationInitiative

2010-2012

Increase theunderstandingamong youngpeople, of theimportance of treesand woodlandthrough running aprogramme ofForest Schools.

North and West Argyll cluster group have plansto initiate forest schools in Argyll primary schools.FEI cluster groups are independent, locally-managed groups providing forest education.They hold teachers' workshops, produceresources and help schools to organise first-handlearning experiences for pupils in woodlands andin timber-related industries.

The Cowal/Bute and Helensburgh/Lomondcluster group is aiming to re-establish newactivities.

The North and West Argyllcluster group will roll out anaverage of 1 forest schools ayear over the lifetime of thisLBAP, drawing on funding fromForests for People FCS funds.

The Cowal cluster group will runa pilot John Muir Award withLochgoilhead primary school atCormonachan wood over theautumn, which if successful willrun similar activities with at least3 other local schools. They aresubmitting a funding applicationin January 2011 to run fromMarch 2011 to March 2012

FCS FCS,WAFD

FCS, SNH,WTS, BTCV,CFI, EcoSchools,GLS, TTF,Lantra,RSFS, LTS

W8: Pearl-borderedfritillarysurvey

2010-2015

Undertake butterflysurveys at allhistoric andpotential sites. On-going permanentmonitoring at 2core sites.

The pearl-bordered fritillary is a UK BAP priorityspecies. This project consists of a programme ofsurveys by volunteers to locate colonies(including those with no post-1995 records) andpotential sites, as well as on-going permanentmonitoring at 2 sites.

Carry out transect monitoring ata minimum of 5 sites a year.

BC BC, WAFD,landownersand landmanagers,volunteersurveyors

SRDP, FCS,A&BC,landownersandmanagers

Project Title Key outputs andoutcomes





50

W9: Pearl-borderedfritillaryenhancedmanagementandmanagementadvice

2010-2015

Protection andenhancement ofpriority sites forthis species.

Ensuringinformation on thisspecies’distribution andrequirements isavailable (throughleaflets and online)

Habitat management to ensurepriority sites are protected andenhanced.

Management advice is provided tolandowners through leaflets andseminars, encouraging wayleavemanagement. This information willbe made available on the A&BCBiodiversity web site.

Carry out forest management in such away that sites for pearl-bordered fritillaryare recorded and protected.

Ensure management advice is availableat least through web-based material, anda dedicated leaflet where possible.

BC WAFD,C&TFD,SEARSagenciesinvolved indelivery ofSRDPschemes,SAC,landownersand landmanagers

SRDP, FCS,A&BC,landownersandmanagers

W10: Batbox project

2010-2015

Encourage bats inwoodland byproviding batboxes, where ashortage of roostlocations may beinhibiting batabundance orspecies range.

The installation of approximately200 bat boxes in broad leavedwoodland across Argyll and Butewill create roosting opportunities forimportant bat species. Monitoringundertaken by bat group volunteerswill inform species abundance anddistribution.

Install 200 bat boxes over the lifetime ofthis plan.

Monitor use of a subset of boxes, toensure they are appropriately locatedand maintained.

BCT,CBG

WAFD FCS,Landowners,WAFD

W11: Piedflycatcherand redstartnest boxproject

2010-2015

Increase thenestingopportunities forthese species.

Provision of nest boxes works wellwith these species, helping them tocolonise woods that otherwise havelimited nesting opportunities.

Install 200 pied flycatcher and redstartwoodcrete nest boxes over the lifetime ofthis plan.

Monitor use of a subset of boxes, toensure they are appropriately locatedand maintained.

WAFD WAFD, BTO,RSPB, ABC,C&TFD

FCS

Project Title Key outputs andoutcomes


Resources inplace: People

Resources inplace:Finance


51

W12: Fungi,lichen andbryophytemanagementadvice

2010-2015

Producemanagementadvice leaflet.Make thisavailable onlineand distribute toorganisationsinvolved inwoodlandmanagement.Deliver a talk toorganisationsinvolved inwoodlandmanagement

Fungi, lichens and bryophytes canbe damaged by inappropriatewoodland management. Increasingdemand for firewood and locallysourced timber may pose a threat.However conservationmanagement which does notconsider the requirement of thesespecies can also be harmful. It isessential that appropriateinformation is widely distributedamongst conservation groups,private sector and public sector tohelp conserve these importantgroups – indeed A&B is one of themost important places in the worldfor these wonderful species, thanksto our unique Atlantic woodlands! Amanagement advice leaflet willbe produced regarding appropriatewoodland management for fungi,lichens and bryophytes. This will bedistributed and made availableonline at the A&BC Biodiversitywebsite. A talk will also bedelivered to organisationsengaged in the management ofwoodlands.

This project is delivered through a series ofagreed activities as part of the AtlanticHazelwoods Action Group- Species ActionFramework project:

Activity 1) Promote the importance ofAtlantic Hazelwood:Coordinate publication and distribution of anAtlantic Hazel Book (text and images providedunder a separate contract).Produce display materials (1 poster and 1banner) and display at a minimum of 4 localevents and project workshops.Write and deliver 6 illustrated talks tocommunity groups and other stakeholders.Local and national press opportunities identifiedand more than 4 press releases provided, underthe AHAG banner, over the project period.

Activity 2) Inform best practice managementCoordinate core AHAG meetings (2 perannum).Coordinate activities with other key stake-holders such as SAC, SRDP agents, Argyll andthe Islands Small Woodland Project, local FCSand RPID.Set up and revisit 3 long-term monitoring plots,and establish hazel tree coring chronology inassociation with University of Aberdeen PhDproject and local community groups. Monitoringform for each site produced, including variablesthat reflect aspects of stand structure anddiversity. Methodology developed in conjunctionwith AHAG.

AHAG,BLS,BBS,BMS,LBO

ProjectOfficer

AHAG,BLS, BBS,BMS, PL,SNH, FCS,WAFD

ProjectTitle






52

W12:contd. Activity 3) Involve local community

This activity will work with:Seil Natural History Group (Seil is animportant stronghold for hazel gloves),

Argyll Island Woodland Project,Local Scottish Wildlife Trust Group,Argyll Green Woodworkers Association,Plantlife Local Flora Guardians,Kilmartin House Museum,School Children in the Argyll and WestHighland region

The project will develop an educationprogramme, in conjunction with AHAG.Project outline and materials developed.Six training/participation events delivered incollaboration with above community groupsEvaluation of events e.g. participantnumbers, demography and feedback.

Activity 4) Raise awareness

Arrange 3 targeted workshops for agents,landowners and agency staff. The format ofthese workshops will be developed by theproject officer in conjunction with AHAG.

W13:Saproxylichabitatmanage-mentadvice

2010-2015

Disseminatemanagementadvice,amongstorganisationsinvolved inwoodlandmanagement.

Deadwood is one of the most important yetoverlooked habitats for our invertebratesand many other groups. Indeed, it is oftenremoved by people for firewood or just tokeep woodlands ‘tidy’. Deer and rabbitsalso strip deadwood of bark, causing it to dryout quickly and become uninhabitable. Amanagement advice note will be producedand made available online through theA&BC Biodiversity website, and promotedamongst land managers, encouragingappropriate management of this habitat.

Produce an Argyll and Bute specific advicenote and make it available on-line.

BL,AHA

ProjectOfficer

LBO,A&BC,FCS, SNH

ProjectTitle

Key outputsandoutcomes





53

RS1#: Redsquirrelstrongholds

2010-2015

Encourageappropriatemanagement ofstronghold sitesthrough leaflets,activeengagement oflandowners andonline resources.

4 red squirrel strongholds are inArgyll (Eredine, Inverlieven,Kilmichael and Glenbranter). Theaim is to manage strongholds insuch a way as to promote redsquirrels but not grey squirrels.This involves consideration of treespecies and canopy cover.

Measures will be focussed on theNational Forest Estate, where themajority of strongholds arelocated.

Attempts will also be made toencourage owners and managersof private land to participate in thescheme and to enter long termforest management plans.

By the end of 2011, contact will have beenmade with the main land owners andmanagers in each of the strongholds, tohighlight the presence of red squirrels.

As resources allow, management advice willbe offered to key land owners and managers,aiming at a minimum of 3 a year through to2015.

WAFD and C&TFD staff to record all sightingsof red squirrels on FCS ground.

WAFD and C&TFD to incorporate measuresto protect and enhance the red squirrelstronghold areas that fall within FCS ground.

FCS WAFD,C&TFD,FCS, landowners andmanagers,LBO.

FCS

RS2: CowalRedSquirrelGroupawarenessraising

2010-2015

2 major events tobe organisedannually by FCSand Cowal RedSquirrel Group(National RedSquirrel Weekplus biodiversityday) and 2 talks ayear to schools byFCS Rangers.

The project will raise the publicprofile of the red squirrel withinA&B and generate local interest inconservation activities. The issuesassociated with transmission ofsquirrel pox to the red squirrelpopulations will be highlighted aspart of this work.

2 major events to be organised annually byWAFD and C&TFD and Cowal Red SquirrelGroup (National Red Squirrel Week plusbiodiversity day) and 2 talks a year to schoolsby WAFD and C&TFD Rangers.

CRSG FCS, CRSG,C&TFD,WAFD

LBO,CRSG

ProjectTitle



Resources inplace:People



54

ProjectTitle





RS3#: Cowalredsquirrelsurvey

2010-2015

Survey prioritywoodland inCowal to confirmred squirrelpresence andestimatedistribution andabundance.

A priority woodland for red squirrelconservation is located at Cowal. Thepopulation size and distribution of redsquirrels in this area is to bedetermined using sighting transects,hair-tube sampling and cone feedingtransects.

Surveys will be undertaken byvolunteers, led buy the Cowal RedSquirrel Group.

Survey priority woodland at Cowal toconfirm red squirrel presence andestimate distribution and abundance.

CRSG FCS, CRSG,C&TFD,

CRSG

RS4#: Cowalbuffer zonemanagement

2010-2015

Feeder box surveyfor grey squirrelsin the woods byArdgarten aimedat monitoringmovement intoCowal.

2 walkingtransects will beconducted eachyear at Arrochar/Succoth andTarbetStation/TarbetIsle.

The Cowal peninsula has maintained astrong population of red squirrels dueits relative geographic isolation.Currently, grey squirrels use theforestry areas present from the head ofLoch Long to Glen Coe to migrate ontothe peninsula.

This project will use squirrel feederboxes to monitor the movement of greysquirrels within this buffer zone. Wheregreys have been identified, live trapswill be employed to remove them fromthe buffer zone.

Walking surveys will be undertakentwice a year at Arrochar/Succoth andTarbet Station/ Tarbet Isle.

Feeder box survey for grey squirrels inthe woods by Ardgarten aimed atmonitoring movement into Cowal.

2 walking transects will be conductedeach year at Arrochar/Succoth andTarbet Station/Tarbet Isle.

CRSG FCS, CRSG,C&TFD,WAFD

C&TFD


55

RS5#:Provision ofplanningadvice inrelation tored squirrels

2010-2015

Advise on anyplanningapplications thataffect woodlandswith red squirrelspresent.

CRSG are currently providing adviceto the planning department of theCouncil to ensure that any projectsthat affect woodlands with redsquirrels are subject to appropriatescrutiny and mitigation measures.

Record inputs where advice has beenprovided in response to planningapplications.

Follow-up a minimum of 3 cases a yearto check if consent conditions have beencomplied with.

CRSG CRSG, LBO,A&BC

CRSG

RS6#:Extension ofconesurveys

2010-2015

Pine conetransects to howmany red squirrelsun-surveyedwoodland couldsupport.

Extension of the current pine conesurvey. Pine cone transects will beconducted in previously un-surveyedwoodlands to establish how many redsquirrels the woods could support.Both staff and volunteers will continueto survey.

Carry out pine cone surveys in 4previously un-surveyed woods eachyear.

CRSG CRSG, landowners andmanagers,volunteers,developers

CRSG,Developers

B1:BryophyteID training

2010-2015

Increaseawareness of theimportance,exceptionaldiversity andbeauty ofbryophytes, andincrease thenumber of peopleinterested in, andable to identifyand undertakebryophytesurveys.

A&B is one of the most importantlocations in the world for its diversityof bryophytes. However, they are anunder-recorded and under-appreciated group. Therefore, trainingevents will be run for both novices andfor those who wish to further developtheir interest. 2 workshops will be runfor novices, increasing awarenessand teaching simple groups and easyto recognise species. A moreadvanced course will also be run,taking these skills further for moreexperienced bryologists.

Deliver 2 introductory bryophyte trainingworkshops and 1 more advancedbryophyte ID training course by 2012.

Provide 1 field day a year, as a refresherand awareness raising, each year from2013 to 2015.

NWDG,BLS

NWDG, BLS SNH

ProjectTitle






56

B2: RavineBryophyteprotectionproject

2010-2012

Identifyinginternationallyimportant oceanicbryophyte ravinesto inform earlystage planningadvice on smallscale hydropowerschemes.

This project will analyse existingbryophyte databases to produce aGIS layer that can be used in the earlystages of hydropower planningapplications to identify whether abryophyte survey is required.

Categorise ravines into 1) priority oceanicbryophyte sites where the impact ofhydropower development will be high, 2)oceanic ravine sites where the oceanicbryophyte interest is known to be low andnot further consideration is required, and 3)oceanic ravine site where no informationexists and survey is required. Incorporateoutput into planning databases/GIS.

SNH SNH,developers

SNH

L1: LichenID training

2010-2015

Deliver twointroductorylichen trainingworkshops.Deliver a moreadvanced lichenID trainingcourse.

A&B is one of the most importantlocations in the world for its diversityof lichens. However, they are anunder-recorded group. Therefore,training events will be run for bothnovices and those who wish to taketheir interest further still. Twoworkshops will be run for novices,increasing awareness and teachingsimple groups and easy to recognisespecies. A more advanced course willalso be run, taking these skills furtherfor more experienced lichenologists.

Deliver 2 introductory bryophyte trainingworkshops and 1 more advanced bryophyteID training course by 2012.

Provide 1 field day a year, as a refresherand awareness raising, each year from 2013to 2015.

NWDGBLS

NWDG,BLS,LBO, SNH

SNH

L2: Lichenassemblagesurvey

2010-2015

Conductcoordinatedsurveys to identifycore lichen sitesusing indicatorspecies.Select three coresites andundertake moredetailed surveysof assemblagespresent.

A survey will be conducted, buildingupon work completed by volunteerlichenologists on a more casual basis.A more coordinated survey will beundertaken to identify core lichensites, using indicator species. Inaddition, hazel gloves are a goodindicator for high quality epiphyticlichen habitats, and can be easilyidentified by non-specialists. Coresites will be identified using indicators,and three selected for more detailedsurveys of the assemblages present.Coordinate surveys using a centralorganiser.

Conduct coordinated surveys to identify corelichen sites using indicator species.

Select 3 core sites and undertake moredetailed surveys of assemblages present.

Such species include Leptogiumcochleatum, Leptogium hibernicum, Graphisalboscripta, Lecanora cinereofusca,Pyrenula hibernica, and Sticta canariensis(green morph) for woodland assemblages,Leptogium saturninum for pasture woodland,Toninia sedifolia for terricolous habitats (e.g.machair or calcareous grasslands) andLobarion spp. on coastal rocks.

BLS BLS, LBO,SNH

SNH

ProjectTitle






57

Work Programme: Potential ProjectsProject Title Key outputs and outcomes

W18: Provide woodlandmanagement advice

Provide owners of woodland or community groups with the Woodland Grazing Toolkit and advice on how to manage woodland ina sustainable way that will promote and conserve biodiversity. Where suitable give advice on grants that are available and howthese may be obtained.

W19: Maintenance ofwayleaves for pearl-bordered fritillary butterfly

Provide advice to power companies to manage wayleaves at pearl-bordered fritillary butterfly sites on a more regular basis,beyond the basic requirement.

W20: Provide managementadvice on bryophytescommunities

Post-construction monitoring of changes in the bryophyte communities of a riverine system subject to a hydro schemedevelopment. Information on the impacts of a hydro scheme water extraction regime is currently non-existent. Pre-constructionmonitoring of such schemes has taken place but only needs to be repeated and reported. However, this work needs to beprioritised in order that it is completed. The project will help inform developers and consultees on the likely changes of bryophytecommunities when altering flow regimes in important ravines and gulleys of Argyll.


58

8.5 Upland Work Programme

The uplands cover two thirds of the land surface of Argyll and Bute and are hugely important for biodiversity, encompassing heather moorland,calcareous grassland, blanket bog, rock, scree and upland flushes, fens and swamps. Whilst some upland land-uses (large-scale hydro-electricschemes, field sports and tourism, for example) remain relatively stable, other upland activities are undergoing widespread change, affecting largeupland areas of the mainland and islands. This is set to continue or even intensify over the 2010-2015 Plan period. In terms of the area affected, themost notable results from commercial forests reaching harvesting age. The resulting peak in felling and re-planting creates a major opportunity toenhance commercial forests, expand native woodlands, avoid re-planting on blanket bog that can be restored, and better integrate plantations withopen upland habitats. Hill farming continues to operate at the margins of economic viability, and it is likely there will be further changes in stocklevels in response to the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) support and markets. This could have implications for many important species throughchanges to livestock grazing, and the consequences of this also need to assessed in tandem with grazing by red deer so that these upland habitatsare viable for species of conservation concern The generation of renewable energy from windfarms is also set to expand, bringing particularconcerns over the effects on peatland habitats and many bird species including golden eagles, divers and upland waders.

Factors limiting the biodiversity of upland ecosystems:

Ongoing desiccation of intact peatlands and heath from peripheral activities and/or drainage.Grazing levels that are unsuited to the conservation of key habitats and species.Disturbance, alteration and/or habitat loss to proposed developments including windfarmsand plantation forestry.Encroachment by bracken and Rhododendron ponticum.Nitrogen enrichment from atmospheric pollution.Climate change.

The table below lists priority habitats and species typical of the Upland Ecosystem. Next are details of the work programme projects being deliveredduring the 2010-2015 Plan. Further priority projects listed at the end will be taken forward as and when resources become available. The UplandEcosystem Work Programme will be revised annually.


59

Habitats SpeciesCommon name Scientific name Common name Scientific name

Upland calcareous grassland Collema fragile Marsh fritillary Euphydryas auriniaUpland heathland Poeltinula cerebrina White-faced darter Leucorrhinia dubiaInland rock outcrop and screehabitats

Juniper Juniper communis Brilliant emerald Somatochlora metallica

Blanket bog Alpine woodsia Woodisa alpinamontana Azure hawker Aeshna caeruleaUpland flushes, fens andswamps

Arctic sandwort Arenaria norvegica norvegica Geyer's whorl snail Vertigo geyeri

Cyphel Minuartia sedoides Black grouse Tetrao tetrixDowny willow Salix lapponum Black-throated diver Gavia arcticaAlpine bartsia Bartsia alpina Red-throated diver Gavia stellataWrinkle-leaved feathermoss

Rhytidium rugosum Peregrine Falco peregrinus

Moss carder bee Bombus muscorum Hen harrier Circus cyaneusNarrow-bordered beehawk-moth

Hemaris tityus Arctic skua Numenius arquata

Forester Adscita statices Common cuckoo Cuculus canorusArgent and sable Rheumaptera hastate Ring ouzel Turdus torquatusPearl bordered fritillary Boloria euphrosyne Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetosRed deer Cervus elaphus Merlin Falco columbarius

Cuckoo Cuculus canorusShort-eared owl Asio flammeusTwite Carduelis flavirostris


60

Work Programme# denotes a project starting or completing outside this five year programme





U1#: Scottishraptor monitoringscheme

2010-2015

Collate and providedata on breedingbirds of prey inArgyll and Bute,including detectionof long term trends.

The focus of the scheme is annualmonitoring of raptors acrossScotland to record data onabundance, distribution andbreeding success of diurnal birdsof prey and owls native toScotland. This is to determinetrends in numbers, range, survivaland productivity, and to understandthe causes of population changes.This information can be used toidentify threats and informconservation work.

Argyll is a stronghold for raptors,but certain species, notably goldeneagle and peregrine, still faceconstraints on their range andbreeding success.

Maintain annual figures fornumber of nests monitored foreach raptor species, recordingproductivity.

From the new National BreedingBird Atlas, and Argyll Bird Clubdatasets, produce a summaryreport on the status anddistribution of raptors in Argylland Bute.

ARSG,SRSG

ARSG, BTO,ABC, C&TFD,WAFD andRSPB

SRSG,SNH,

U2: Geyer’s whorlsnail conservationproject

2010-2015

Improvedunderstanding ofdistribution andpopulation trends.

Ensure improved understanding,greater awareness and theconservation of this species.

Identify other potential sites onIslay and survey.

Carry out monitoring of colonies.

Provision of managementadvice on-line.

Review site protection andensure sites are affordedprotection where appropriate.

BL CS, BL CS, BL


61

BG1#: Black grouseco-ordinated annuallek counts

2010-2015

Through the employment ofa Black Grouse ProjectOfficer, ensure improvedunderstanding of speciesdistribution and population,to enable prioritisation ofconservation efforts.

Continuation of the annualprogramme of black grouse leksurveys, checking known andsuspected leks and surveyingsuitable habitat not previouslysurveyed.

Updated information ondistribution used to informdevelopment and forestryproposals or RDC applications.

Hold annual meetings to co-ordinate survey areas inA&B, co-ordinating with theLoch Lomond and TrossachsNational Park.

Implement a 5 year rollingprogramme of lek searchesand surveys to cover entireA&B.

Undertake annual surveys ofat least 15 sites a year.

Collate results and producesummary report.

RSPB RSPB,WAFD,C&TFD,SNH, FCS,CSBG&CSG, ScottishPower,Councilstaff,landownersand landmanagers,andvolunteers

RSPB, FCS,WAFD,C&TFD,SNH

BG2#: Habitatenhancement forblack grouse

2010-2015

Through the employment ofa Black Grouse ProjectOfficer, promote habitatenhancement for blackgrouse.

Management plans have beenproduced for at least 9 keyareas of largely private landand 6 managementprogrammes for areas of FCSland with active black grouseleks. This project will promotethe implementation of themanagementrecommendations in theseplans.

Implement actions from thelek management plansproduced through the ArgyllBlack Grouse Project,including within relevantForest Design Plans andLong Term Forest Plans.

Develop managementrecommendations for otherkey lek sites that areidentified.

Aim to stabilise and thenreverse declines in leks.

RSPB FCS, RSPB,SNH,ScottishPower andC&TFD,WAFD

SG SRDPschemes,FCS,ScottishPower






62

BG3#: Blackgrouseadvisory work

2010-2015

Through theemployment of a BlackGrouse Project Officer,increase awareness ofland managers so theycan implementmeasures to improvehabitats for blackgrouse.

Many of the known leks occur onprivately-owned land where the ownersdon’t have easy access to detailedadvice or funding sources to undertakeadditional management for black grouse.

This project provided 2 workshops forlandowners to provide advice onpractical measures. Further detailedadvice will also be provided in individualsurgeries to look at particular land-holdings and the eligible options forSRDP applications.

Hold 2 workshops a year forlandowners and managers.

Provide advice on potentialSRDP applications.

Ensure Rural Prioritiescontracts are prioritisedaccording to black grouse leksurvey findings and thatproposed managementmeets all recommendationsprovided in lek managementplans.

RSPB RSPB, SNH,FCS, SAC

RSPB, SNH,SG SRDPschemes

BG4#: Collateall availabledata on blackgrousedistribution

2010-2015

Map the locations of allknown leks and collatethis with all otherrecords of black grousesightings.

As well as results from the co-ordinatedlek counts from BG1, a range of otherinformation is generated each year fromcasual observations (by keepers,stalkers, farmers, and bird watchers),wind farm and other developmentrelated monitoring. Systematic collationof this information is invaluable to helpdevelop a more comprehensive pictureof black grouse population anddistribution. Through its network ofcontacts and volunteers, theCSBG&CSG is in a key position toachieve this. The aim is to ensure thesedata are made available, at theappropriate scale, through the NBN.

Ensure all data are compiledannually and are up-loadedto the NBN.

CSBG&CSG

CSBG&CSG,RSPB,FCS, SNH

CSBG&CSG

BG5#: Blackgrouse rangeassessmentand evaluation

2010-2015

Information from whichto prioritiseconservation work tobenefit back grouse.

The range occupied by black grouse hascontracted in some areas, such asCowal, leaving remaining populations atrisk of isolation. This project will assessthe black grouse distribution informationeach year, reporting to key stakeholders,and help to evaluate priorities for furtherhabitat enhancement and survey.

Analyse all available data onblack grouse distribution andhabitat suitability to annuallyassess priorities for habitatenhancement and survey.

Produce an annual reportdetailing these results.

RSPB CSBG&CSG,RSPB, FCS,SNH

CSBG&CSG






63

Work Programme: Potential ProjectsProject title Key outputs and outcomes

U3: Scottishmountain haresurvey

Conduct a follow up survey on Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust mountain hare populations, study and possibly enhance methodologyand frequency to every 3-4 years instead of every 11-12 years.

U4: Peatlandrestoration

Assess the condition of non-designated blanket bogs, as resources allow. Promote management such as drain blocking and modificationof grazing regimes where these are having an adverse effect on the peat.

U5: Sub-montanescrub restoration

This project will seek to restore pockets of sub-montane scrub by planting dwarf willows and juniper in locations where grazing andbrowsing pressure is low enough to let them re-establish. Advice on best practice will be obtained from the national montane scrub actiongroup, National Trust for Scotland Ben Lawers and Scottish Agricultural College Kirkton, where pilot projects are already underway.

BG6: Lek sitehabitatmanagement

Implement habitat management recommendations in additional lek sites.

U6: Golden eagleinteractions withwindfarms

This project will secure financial contributions from windfarm developers where golden eagle activity has been recorded on site during EIAsurveys. The objective is to ensure that there is sufficient pre and post-construction monitoring to ensure improved understanding of goldeneagle and windfarm interactions.


64

8.6 Built Environment Work Programme

Built up areas in Argyll and Bute are relatively limited in extent. They are, however, home to the majority of people in the Council area, and wherethey go to school or to work. For many reasons, it is vital important to make space for vibrant habitats and wildlife within these areas so people havecontact with wildlife in their everyday lives. The planning system, and developers themselves, have gradually recognised both the importance of highquality green environments for peoples’ welfare and the role this has attracting business investment. Whilst some progress has been made, there isconsiderable room for improvement in building design, sustainability, wildlife-friendly construction, master planning, green networks and greentransport.

The recession will certainly reduce demand for new construction over the Plan period. This lull in development pressure provides an opportunity toplan future expansion to take into account the principles of sustainability, including the protection and enhancement of wildlife habitats.

The people living and working in the built environment themselves represent a major force for positive change, and are actively promoting manylocal wildlife and environmental projects. Current community projects range from beach cleaning to woodland management. In addition to benefitingwildlife, these projects, and the ones in this work programme serve to raise awareness and build capacity within communities, generating improvedrecording and public support. This not only addresses the UKBAP and SBS education aims, but also encourages volunteer involvement in otherprojects and enjoyment of the area’s wonderful natural environment.

Factors limiting the biodiversity of built environment ecosystems:

Unsympathetic management of green spaces such as uniform mowing regimes.Use of invasive plants and wildlife-unfriendly planting schemes on new developments.Accidental spread of invasive plants through work on transport infrastructure and other projects.Neglect of management obligations on publically owned land and network corridors.Unsympathetic development design with little space for wildlife.Fragmentation of habitat by roads and other development, encroaching on wildlife corridors.Competition with and predation by domestic pets.

The table below lists the priority habitats and species typical of the Built Environment. Next are details of the work programme projects beingdelivered during the 2010-2015 Plan. Further priority projects to take forward as and when resources become available are listed at the end. TheBuilt Environment Ecosystem Work Programme will be revised annually.


65

Habitats SpeciesCommon name Scientific name

Built and developed environment Song thrush Turdus philomelosGreenspace Spotted flycatcher Muscicapa striataWildlife corridors Soprano pipistrelle bat Pipistrellus pygmaeusWood-pasture and parkland Swift Apus apusLowland meadows Red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris

Bumblebees Bombus species



Resources in place:finance

BE1:Gardeningfor wildlife

2010-2015

Increased awareness of wildlifegardening and the threats towildlife from invasive non-nativespecies.

Encourage participation inBeeWatch and BBCT widercountryside transect surveysthrough poster andpresentation attendance atpublic events and throughbumblebee educationprogramme. This will improveknowledge of the distribution ofbumblebees in Argyll and Buteand encourage publicparticipation in conservation.

Gardens have the highest nesting density ofbumblebees and may be important refugesfor many other animals, from butterflies tobirds. The amount of available habitat andvalue of gardens to wildlife can be increasedby promoting the useful flowers. Similarly,the use of inappropriate invasive plants,such as rhododendron, can have a negativeeffect on not only the garden, but also thewider countryside.

A leaflet highlighting invasive plants thatshould be avoided will be produced tocomplement the first leaflet. These leafletswill be made available for members of thepublic and landowners.

A minimum of 3 large gardens (e.g. hospitalgrounds, urban parks etc.) in towns will beidentified and managed for bumblebees,with help from conservation volunteerorganisations, encouraging publicparticipation through management eventswhile showcasing wildlife gardeningapproaches.

Make readily availableleaflets promotinguseful flowers forprivate and publicgardens, and leafletshighlighting invasiveplant species to beavoided in gardens.

Identify 3 large publicgardens and managethese for wildlife,including publicengagementmanagement events.

Encourageparticipation inBeeWatch and BBCTwider countrysidetransect surveysthrough attendance atevents and bumblebeeeducation program.

LBO andA&BC

SNH,BBCT,BTCV, BL,RSPB andpropertyowners

LBO,A&BC,BBCT,BTCV, BL,andpropertyowners



66

Work Programme




BE2: Bumblebeeeducation

2010-2011

Issue BBCT and RSPBbumblebee education packs toschools to raise awareness ofbumblebees.

Raise awareness of bumblebeesthrough environmental education.Encourage use of BBCT and RSPBcomplementary bumblebee educationpacks for Primary 2/3 and Primary 4+by issuing to all schools.

Aim to engage 5schools a year inbumblebee-relatededucation activities.

LBO andA&BC

SNH,RSPB, BLand BBCT

LBO, A&BC,BL andBBCT

BE3: Communitywoodland groupsdatabase andsupport

2010-2015

Increased number ofcommunity groups involved inactive management ofwoodland

Community led conservation initiativesare essential in the delivery ofimprovements for biodiversity, andencourage public participation andownership.

There are a number of existingcommunity woodlands projectsthroughout Argyll and Bute,focusing on conservation,environmental education,capacity building, mental and physicalhealth and sustainable developmentfor local businesses.

A database of these projects will beproduced, including the current aimsof each project. Support will beprovided for these projects throughcollating available information andhelpful contacts on the A&BCbiodiversity website. New projects willbe encouraged and advice will begiven for existing projects.

Create database ofexisting communitywoodland projectsthroughout Argyll andBute, and update withnew projects.

Provide supportthrough makingmanagementinformation anduseful contactsavailable on A&BCbiodiversity website.

A&BC,FCS

CommunityGroups,FCS,BTCV,CommunityCouncilsandlandowners

A&BC,CommunityGroups,FCS, SNH,BTCV,CommunityCouncils andlandowners


67

BE4#: Kilmahewwoodlandsrestorationprogramme

2010-2015

Develop an environmentaland social strategy topromote sustainable use ofthe woodland.

This project aims to restore thewoodlands in the formerKilmahew Estate, and promotetheir sustainable use. This willbenefit local people andbiodiversity and support theeconomic viability of localbusinesses and partners. Thisproject is funded through SRDP.

Enhanced management ofKilmahew Estate to benefitpeople and wildlife.

KWRCDO/KWRG

FCS, KWRCDO/KWRG,FCS,SRDP

BE5#: Theprotection andenhancement ofDuchess Wood,Helensburgh

2010-2015

Improved access to,ecological information on,and management of thiswoodland.

This project aims to restore thewoodland, benefit local peopleand biodiversity. The site is theonly Local Nature Reserve inArgyll and Bute, and as such is ademonstration of co-operativeworking between the Council anda local community.

Continue to research,document and publicise thebiodiversity interest of theWood, producing a checklistof flowering plants in 2011.

Assess the feasibility andcost of bringing non-nativeinvasive species undercontrol.

FoDW A&BC,FoDW

FoDW




BE6: Fundingadvice forcommunity-ledprojects

2010-2011

Accessible leaflets and web-based resources highlightingfunding streams available todifferent community projectsand advice.

Community-led conservationinitiatives are essential fordelivering improved biodiversity.However, finding funding for aproject and applying for this canbe a daunting task for volunteerswith little time or experience. Toencourage community-ledconservation projects, leafletsand web-based resources will beproduced to highlight the fundingstreams and advice available inan easily accessible format.

Record the number of grantapplications, monitorsuccess rate of applications,and the value forbiodiversity that have beenfacilitated by thismechanism.

LBO,SEARS

CommunityGroups,A&BC,SEARS andBTCV

LBO,CommunityGroups,A&BC,SEARS andBTCV


68





BE7: Raisingpublic awarenessof bats through batboxes, walks andtalks

Increasedawareness andinvolvement in batconservation.

Volunteers and community groups havebuilt and installed bat boxes at a numberof locations on buildings and trees ingreen spaces over the years. This projectwill develop and implement a programmeof bat box work targeting the builtenvironment and green space as a way ofengaging local people in natureconservation work. Typical bat boxes areonly useful to the relatively commonpipistrelle bats. The project will also lookfor opportunities for bat boxes to benefitless common species.

Batwatch evenings will continue to bedelivered by WAFD, encouraging interestin bats. New woodland areas near townswill be identified to expand availability ofBatwatch events for communitiesthroughout Argyll and Bute. A programmeof school and group events will continue torun each year and education will bepromoted using the BCT education pack‘Explore the World of Bats’.

Develop community batbox projects in 3settlements.

Deliver programme ofBatwatch events.

Deliver programme ofschool and groupeducation events.

Promote school use ofBCT education pack.

Run 1 bat promotion dayin 2011 on Cowal.

WAFD,C&TFD,BCT

Local BatGroups,BCT,CommunityGroups,CBG,BTCV

LBO, A&BC,Local BatGroups,WAFD, BCT,CommunityGroups,BTCV

BE 8: BlarbuieWoodland Project

2010-2015

Provide access towoodlands aroundArgyll and ButeHospital,Lochgilphead,increasing publicawareness andappreciation of thenatural world, andproviding exerciseand therapeuticenvironment.

Since 2002 the Blarbuie Project hasworked towards the restoration andenhancement of woodland near the Argylland Bute Hospital. A grand opening washeld in 2007. Walking routes are currentlybeing developed in the area.

Hold a minimum of 3special events each yearto promote enjoyment ofwildlife.

To carry out habitatmanagement aimed atincreasing the structuraldiversity of the woodland.

BlarbuieWoodlandEnterprise

FCS,AGWA

FCS, NHSHighland,RS, SAMH


69





BE9#: Openspace audit

2010-2015

Improvedunderstanding of theimportance of openspace for batconservation.

An audit of open spaces aroundcommunities is being undertaken in2009. This includes assessment of thepresence of green corridors andnatural or semi-natural habitatsamongst other attributes and publicconsultation to identify areas importantto communities. The final audit willmeet Scottish Planning Policy 11standards and will be used to informthe development of the open spacestrategy for the Local Plan.

Supplement audit of openspace with information onquality of these sites as bathabitat.

A&BC andLower ClydeGreenspace

Localcommunities

A&BC,Lower ClydeGreenspaceand localcommunities

BE10:Publicengagementbiodiversityevent

2010-2015

Increased publicengagement andawareness of wildlifeconservation.

Organise a large public eventshowcasing the biodiversityconservation and recording work inArgyll and Bute. Include activities,posters, stands and talks. This willengage members of the public andallow them to try out conservationactivities and to meet others who areinterested or already involved. If thefirst event proves successful, may berun annually.

Hold 1 major public event toinclude activities, stands andtalks involving as manyconservation organisationsas possible.

If successful, run similarevent annually.

LBO A&BC, SNH,FCS, RSPB,BTCV,CommunityGroups andWildlifeInterestGroups

LBO, A&BC,SNH, FCS,BTCV,CommunityGroups andWildlifeInterestGroups

Work Programme- Potential Projects

BE11: Identify, designateand manage new LNRs

Use the open space audit to identify and assess potential new community wildlife sites and possible LNRs. The ABC is supporting anew proposal for an LNR at Broxwood, Sandbank, centred on the new bird hide to which it contributed funding, but the ABC would alsobe interested in supporting similar proposals elsewhere in Argyll.

BE12: Non-native inva-sive species action

Raise awareness of invasive species within and around built up areas, and encourage support for their treatment and control throughevents, leaflets and provision of advice.

Project title Key outputs and outcomes


70

9. Management of the Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Action PlanImplementation and Oversight of the A&B BAP

Implementation of the LBAP will be achieved through the A&B BAP partners that worked to produce this document. The A&B BAP 2001 partnershipwill be revised to include all partners who contributed to and will be responsible for the delivery of the A&B BAP 2010. Key partners will furtherconstitute a steering group, known as the A&B BAP Working Group that will oversee the development and progress of the A&B BAP 2010 as awhole. The A&B BAP Working Group will be chaired by the LBO, with a remit for ensuring implementation of the projects and actions containedwithin this document (see Figure 1).

The A&B BAP Working Group are responsible for the following:

Undertaking further development of the species and ecosystem work programmes.Ensuring progress with all five-year costed programmes.Reporting on the progress of the programmes annually, using BARS.Revising and moving the five-year work programmes forward as appropriate.Review of the progress of this LBAP upon its completion in 2015.

A&B BAP Project Planning

The work programme details will be more fully developed by the A&B BAP Working Group and the relevant partner organisations for each individualproject. The targets specified in the LBAP document will be used to measure the achievements of the Plan.

The project planning process will also include the consideration of potential conflicts between different projects, so that specific management plansfor habitats or species do not have a negative impact on other species, habitats or designated sites. Priorities will be determined and any relevantmeasures identified to mitigate any potential effects on other species or habitats. Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) or AppropriateAssessments will be undertaken in accordance with statutory requirements or consultation with stakeholders, NGO’s and agencies, whereappropriate.

A&B BAP Monitoring

Progress for each programme will be monitored by the A&B BAP Working Group using appropriate management tools. Lead partners will beresponsible for reporting progress to the A&B BAP Working Group. All partners will be provided with a bespoke spreadsheet, detailing projects,SMART targets and their involvement (e.g. lead partner or other stakeholder), for which they have responsibility.

Additional informal monitoring of progress will be undertaken by the Biodiversity Forum and LBAP partner organisations.


71

Figure 1: Monitoring Structure

A&B BAP Reporting

An annual progress report will be produced and sent to the Biodiversity Forum. This report will also be made available through on-line publicationon the A&BC website. The outcomes will also be reported through the national BARS database by the Biodiversity Officer. This national websiteenables LBAP partnerships, Lead Partners/Agencies and steering groups involved in implementation of biodiversity action plans to record andmonitor progress towards biodiversity delivery. It enables:

Improved integration and communication between local and national action plans.Dissemination of good practice across the biodiversity community, through communicating the types of activities underway and byproviding an opportunity to learn from the experience of others.LBAP activities to be set in the national context through, for example, viewing contributions to national targets.Forward planning and prioritisation of activities.Users to assess the full range of Biodiversity Action Plan-related activities that are underway in a given area, whether the activity isinitiated nationally or locally.

Progress will also be reported annually as part of the Argyll and Bute Council annual report. Figure 2 shows the reporting structure.


72

Figure 2: Reporting Structure

Lead Project Partners

Biodiversity Forum A&B BAP WorkingGroup

National Survey &Monitoring Schemes

A&B BAP Report 2014 National BARSDatabase

Argyll and ButeCouncil Annual

Report

Review of the Argyll and Bute Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 - 2015

The LBAP has been produced as a 5 year business-plan to build upon the progress made by the previous A&B BAP, and to bring forward thedelivery of the next stage of actions. The A&B BAP 2010-2015 will be reviewed and updated annually, to ensure projects are undertaken, to helpmaintain momentum and to adapt as new resources and information become available. In particular, new funding, and/or new project partners willhopefully allow currently unfunded projects to be rolled out, or existing projects expanded, or new complimentary projects to be undertaken. Theannual review will also allow for the removal of projects once completed.

In addition to the annual review, the A&B BAP will be subject to a 5 year review on completion. At this stage, the progress made will be fullyevaluated and reported. A new A&B BAP will be developed, building upon this progress and the lessons learned during the implementation of thisPlan, taking us forward towards the 2030 vision.


73

Appendix 1: List of AbbreviationsARC Amphibian and Reptile Conservation TrustARG-UK Amphibian and Reptile Groups of the UKA&B BAP Argyll and Bute Biodiversity Action PlanA&BAF Argyll and Bute Agricultural ForumA&BC Argyll and Bute CouncilA&B LBP Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity PartnershipABC Argyll Bird ClubADRIA Argyll District River Improvement AssociationsAFT Argyll Fisheries TrustAGWA Argyll Green Woodworkers AssociationARSG Argyll Raptor Study GroupBAP Biodiversity Action PlanBARS Biodiversity Action Reporting SystemBAS British Arachnological SocietyBBCT Bumblebee Conservation TrustBBS British Bryological SocietyBC Butterfly ConservationBCT Bat Conservation TrustBHS British Herpetological SocietyBL BuglifeBLS British Lichen SocietyBMS British Mycological SocietyBSG Burnet Moth Study GroupBRISC British Recording In ScotlandBSBI Botanical Society of the British IslesBTCV British Trust for Conservation VolunteersBTO British Trust for OrnithologyBW British WaterwaysBWARS Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording SocietyCARG Clyde Amphibian and Reptile Study GroupCBG Cowal Bat GroupCEH Centre for Ecology and HydrologyCFI Confederation of Forest IndustriesCO2 Carbon DioxideCRSG Cowal Red Squirrel Group


74

CS Conchological SocietyCSBG&CSG Central Scotland Black Grouse and Capercaillie Study GroupCSFT Central Scotland Forest TrustDNA Deoxyribo Nucleic AcidDRFB District Regional Fishery BoardsDSFB District Salmon Fisheries BoardEIA Environmental Impact AssessmentsFCS Forestry Commission ScotlandFE Forest EnterpriseFSC Field Studies CouncilFWAG The Farming and Wildlife Advisory GroupGLS Grounds for Learning ScotlandGRAB Group for Recycling in Argyll and ButeGSWSB Glasgow and South West Scotland Branch of Butterfly ConservationHB Highland WoodlandsHLtd Hymettus LtdHSEP Habitats and Species Enhancement ProgrammeHWDT Hebridean Whale and Dolphin TrustIHN Integrated Habitat NetworkINHS Islay Natural History SocietyISI Initiative for Scottish InvertebratesJNCC Joint Nature Conservation CommitteeKWRG Kilmahew Woodland Restoration GroupKWRCDO Kilmahew Woodland Restoration Community Development OfficerLBAP Local Biodiversity Action PlanLBO Local Biodiversity OfficerLIA Local Improvement Adviser

LL&TNP Loch Lomond and Trossachs National ParkLTS Learning and Teaching ScotlandLUC Land Use ConsultantsMarLIN Marine Life Information NetworkMCS Marine Conservation SocietyMICT Mull and Iona Community TrustMPA Marine Protected AreasMSF Marine Stewardship Fund

LAIA Loch Awe Improvement Association

MSS Marine Scotland Science


75

NARRS National Amphibian and Reptile Recording SchemeNBN National Biodiversity NetworkNERC Natural Environment Research CouncilNFUS National Farmers Union ScotlandNGO Non-government organisationsNNSS Non-native Species SecretariatNP BAP National Park Biodiversity Action PlanNWSS Native Woodland Survey of ScotlandNWDG Native Woodland Discussion GroupPAWS Plantations on Ancient Woodland SitesPL PlantlifeRAFTS Rivers and Fisheries Trusts of ScotlandRBBP Rare Breeding Birds PanelRDC Rural Development ContractsRIA River Improvement AssociationsRS Reforesting ScotlandRSFS Royal Scottish Forestry SocietyRSPB Royal Society for the Protection of BirdsRSVS Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesRZS Royal Zoological SocietyRZSS Royal Zoological Society of ScotlandSAC Scottish Agricultural College. Also Special Area of Conservation (a type of designated site)SAF Species Action FrameworkSAMS Scottish Association for Marine ScienceSAMH Scottish Association for Mental HealthSBL Scottish Biodiversity List

SCRA Scottish Countryside Rangers AssociationSCSG Scottish Chough Study GroupSEARS Scotland's Environmental and Rural ServicesSEERAD Scottish Executive Environmental and Rural Affairs DepartmentSEPA Scottish Environment Protection AgencySFS Scottish Forestry StrategySG Scottish GovernmentSNH Scottish Natural HeritageSNHG Seil Natural History GroupSNW Scottish Native Woods

SBS Scottish Biodiversity Strategy


76

SOC Scottish Ornithologist's ClubSPA Special Protection AreaSRDP Scottish Rural Development ProgramSRPBA Scottish Rural Property and Business AssociationSRSG Scottish Raptor Study GroupsSS Sports ScotlandSSACN Scottish Sea Angling Conservation NetworkSSPCA Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to AnimalsSSSI Site of Special Scientific InterestSSTP Scottish Shark Tagging ProgrammeSW Scottish WaterSW Ltd Scottish Woodlands LtdSWA Scottish Wildcat AssociationSWT Scottish Wildlife TrustTBC To be confirmed

THT The Hebridean TrustTIARG Treshnish Isles Auk Ringing GroupTHT The Tree CouncilTTF Timber Trade FederationUK United KingdomUK BAP United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan

UO University of Oxford

WCA Wildcat Association

WTS Woodland Trust ScotlandWFD Water framework Directive

WAFD West Argyll Forest District

TCE The Crown Estate

UMBS University Marine Biology Station


77

Appendix 2: Habitats Selected for Action under the A&B BAP 2010-2015

Table A1.1: Habitats Selected for ActionHabitats Meeting Sift Criteria UKBAP SBL

1 Upland oak woodland Y Y2 Upland mixed ashwoods Y Y3 Wet woodlands Y Y4 Lowland mixed deciduous woodland Y Y5 Wood-pasture and parkland Y Y6 Native pine woodlands Y Y7 Lowland meadows Y Y8 Upland hay meadows Y Y9 Lowland calcareous grassland Y Y10 Upland calcareous grassland Y Y11 Lowland dry acid grassland Y Y12 Lowland heathland Y Y13 Upland heathland Y Y14 Upland flushes, fens and swamps Y Y15 Inland rock outcrop and scree habitats Y Y16 Purple moor grass and rush pastures Y Y17 Reedbeds Y Y18 Lowland fens Y Y19 Lowland raised bog Y Y20 Blanket bog Y Y21 Mesotrophic lakes Y Y22 Eutrophic standing waters Y Y23 Rivers Y Y24 Oligotrophic and dystrophic lakes Y Y25 Sub-tidal sands and gravels Y Y26 Seagrass beds Y Y27 Blue mussel beds Y Y28 Coastal sand dunes Y Y29 Coastal vegetated shingle Y Y


78

UKBAP SBL

30 Machair Y Y31 Maerl beds Y Y32 Maritime cliffs and slopes Y Y33 Mud habitats in deep water Y Y34 Serpulid reefs Y Y35 Tide-swept channels Y Y

Habitats Meeting Sift Criteria


79

Appendix 3: Species Selected for Action Under the Argyll and Bute Biodiversity Action Plan 2010-2015

Table A3.1: Fungus Species Selected for Action

Common Name Scientific Name

1 Arthonia cohabitans* Y Y N2 Hazel Gloves Hypocreopsis rhododendri Y Y Y3 Mulberry Brain Tremella moriformis Y N Y4 Arthonia thelotrematis* N Y Y5 Cyphelium marcianum* N Y Y6 Gilded Brittlegill Russula aurea N Y Y7 Green Hazelcup Encoelia glauca N Y Y8 Opegrapha brevis* N Y Y9 Opegrapha pulvinata* N Y Y

* Lichenicolous fungus traditionally studied by lichenologists

Table A3.2: Lichen Species Selected for Action

Species UK BAP SBL SNH Species ActionFramework

Common Name Scientific Name

1 Arthonia atlantica Y N N2 Cladonia peziziformis Y Y N3 Collema fragile Y Y N4 Graphis alboscripta Y Y N5 Lecanora cinereofusca Y Y N6 Poeltinula cerebrina Y Y N7 Pyrenula hibernica Y Y N8 Toninia sedifolia Y Y N9 Arthothelium norvegicum N Y N10 Cladonia norvegica N Y N11 Cladonia stereoclada N Y N


80

Table A3.3: Plant Species Selected for Action

Species UK BAP SBL SNH Species ActionFrameworkCommon Name Scientific Name

1 Wig Wrack or Sea-loch Egg Wrack Ascophyllum nodosum ecad mackaii Y N N2 Killarney Fern Trichomanes speciosum N Y N3 Purple Milk-vetch Astragalus danicus Y Y N

Table A3.4: Invertebrate Species Selected for Action-

Species UK BAP SBL SNH SpeciesAction FrameworkCommon Name Scientific Name

1 White-faced Darter Leucorrhinia dubia N N N2 Brilliant Emerald Somatochlora metallica N N N3 Azure Hawker Aeshna caerulea N N N4 Southern Yellow Splinter Lipsothrix nervosa Y N N5 Great Yellow Bumblebee Bombus distinguendus Y Y Y6 Moss Carder-bee Bombus muscorum Y Y N7 Red-shanked Carder Bee Bombus ruderarius Y Y N8 Northern Colletes Colletes floralis Y Y N9 Forester Adscita statices Y N N10 Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk-moth Hemaris tityus Y Y N11 Periclepsis cinctana N Y N12 Argent & Sable Rheumaptera hastate Y Y N13 Transparent Burnet Moth Zygaena purpuralis caledonensis N Y N14 Slender Scotch Burnet Moth Zygaena loti scotica Y Y Y15 Pearl-bordered Fritillary Boloria euphrosyne Y Y Y16 Chequered Skipper Carterocephalus palaemon Y Y N17 Marsh Fritillary Euphydryas aurinia Y Y Y18 Timid Burrowing Anemone Edwardsia timida Y Y N19 Fan Mussel Atrina fragilis Y Y N20 Freshwater Pearl Mussel Margaritifera margaritifera Y Y Y21 Geyer's Whorl Snail Vertigo geyeri Y Y N22 Welch’s Money Spider Erigone welchi Y N N23 Bend-bearing Blunt-brow Spider Silometopus incurvatus Y Y N


81

Table A3.5: Fish Species Selected for Action UnderSpecies UK BAP SBL SNH Species Action

FrameworkCommon Name Scientific Name

1 Allis shad Alosa alosa Y Y N2 Twaite shad Alosa fallax Y Y N3 Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar Y Y N4 Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus Y Y N5 River Lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis Y Y N6 Basking shark Cetorhinus maximus Y Y N

Table A3.6: Marine Mammal Species Selected for Action


1 Harbour porpoise Phocaena phocaena Y Y N2 Common Dolphin Delphinus delphis Y Y N3 White-beaked Dolphin Lagenorhynchus albirostris Y Y N4 Bottle-nosed Dolphin Tursiops truncatus Y Y N5 Minke Whale Balaenoptera acutororstrata Y Y N6 Killer Whale Orcinus orca Y Y N

Table A3.7: Herptile Species Selected for Action


1 Adder Vipera berus Y Y N2 Great crested newt Triturus cristatus Y Y Y


82

Table A3.8: Bird Species Selected for ActionSpecies UK BAP SBL SNH Species Action Frame-

workCommon Name Scientific Name

1 Greenland White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons Y Y Y2 Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis N N N3 Scaup Aythya marila Y Y N4 Common Scoter Melanitta nigra Y Y N5 Red Grouse Lagopus lagopus Y N N6 Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix Y Y Y8 Red-throated Diver Gavia stellata Y Y N9 Black-throated Diver Gavia arctica Y Y N

10 Storm petrel Hydrobates pelagicus N N N11 Osprey Pandion haliatetus Y Y N12 White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla N Y Y13 Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos Y Y N14 Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus N Y N15 Merlin Falco columbarius Y Y N16 Peregrine Falco peregrinus Y Y N17 Corncrake Crex crex Y Y N18 Dunlin Calidris alpina Y Y N19 Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria N Y N20 Lapwing Vanellus vanellus Y Y N21 Redshank Tringa totanus Y Y N22 Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa Y Y N23 Curlew Numenius arquata Y Y N24 Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus Y Y N25 Herring Gull Larus argentatus Y Y N26 Little tern Sternula albifrons N Y N27 Arctic tern Sterna paradiseaea N N N28 Common tern Sterna hirundo N N N29 Cuckoo Cuculus canorus Y Y N30 Short-eared owl Asio flammeus Y Y N31 Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus Y Y N32 Swift Apus apus Y Y N33 Skylark Alauda arvensis Y Y N34 Ring Ouzel Turdus torquatus Y Y N35 Song Thrush Turdus philomelos Y Y N36 Grasshopper Warbler Locustella naevia Y Y N


83

Table A3.9: Terrestrial Mammal Species Selected for Action

Species UKBAP

SBL SNH Species ActionFrameworkCommon Name Scientific Name

1 Red Squirrel Sciurus vulgaris Y Y Y2 Water Vole Arvicola terrestris Y Y Y3 Otter Lutra lutra Y Y N4 ‘Scottish’ Wildcat Felix sylvestris grampia Y Y Y5 Soprano Pipistrelle Bat Pipistrellus pygmaeus Y Y N6 Brown Long-eared Bat Plecotus auritus Y Y N7 Noctule Bat Nyctalus noctula Y Y N

Table A3.10: Summary of Number of Habitats and Species Selected for Actionthis

Habitat or Species Group Number Included In LBAP

Habitats 35Fungus Species 9Lichen Species 11Plant Species 3Invertebrate Species 23Fish Species 6Marine Mammal Species 6Herptile Species 2Bird Species 45Terrestrial Mammal Species 7TOTAL 147

Species UKBAP SBL

Common Name Scientific Name37 Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix Y Y N38 Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca Y Y N39 Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata Y Y N40 Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus Y Y N41 Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax N Y N42 Tree Sparrow Passer montanus N N N43 Twite Carduelis flavirostris Y N N44 Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Y Y N45 Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus Y Y N

SNH Species ActionFramework


84

Appendix 4: List of Potential Projects in Work ProgrammesProject title and Number Key outputs and outcomes

FreshwaterDF3: Argyll dragonfly leaflet To promote awareness of Argyll’s dragonflies and damselflies with land managers and owners, and the public, through

production of a bespoke leaflet suitable to assist with field identification.FW12: Salmon and sea troutrestoration

Continuing work from the first phase, which encompassed habitat assessment, undertake monitoring and investigative workto assess recruitment of salmon and trout to Loch Fyne rivers.

FW13: Removing streamcrossings obstacles to fishmigration.

Continuing work from the first phase, this will aim to secure funds to implement the schedule of prioritised removal ofobstacles that are present in key watercourses.

FW14: Implementation of RiverAwe salmonids fisheriesmanagement plan

Implement the habitat enhancement work and resolve the constraints identified as inhibiting salmonid fisheries managementin the River Awe.

FW15: River Awe salmonidsfisheries management plan

2010-2011

Improved understanding of how the River Awe is used by these species, the River’s habitat status and constraints inoperation that effect salmonids. This is the scoping phase for a follow-on project to implement the habitat enhancementidentified and to help resolve the constraints on effective fisheries management.

Marine and Coastal Key outputs and outcomesMC16: Tern Raft breedingprogramme

The ABC is already supporting Tern rafts at South Shian that are being monitored by Clive Craik at SAMS. Work is also doneby RSPB protecting and monitoring known Little Tern breeding sites on Tiree including predator control, signage in thebreeding season to reduce disturbance, and raising public awareness. There is however, interest from the ABC in expandingtern conservation work further, and therefore this project is to identify suitable waterbodies for raft deployment, monitor allknown breeding sites biannually and monitor all water bodies with rafts annually.

MC17: Firth of Clyde sea troutproject

Assessment of the behaviour, survival and productivity of sea trout in collaboration with the Ayrshire, Clyde and Lomond, andArgyll Fisheries Trusts

M 18: Salmon and sea troutsmolt migration

Expand the monitoring of migration beyond Lochaber and Loch Linnhe, in order to determine and better understand thesemigration movements.

MC19. Raise awareness ofPriority Marine Features - FileShell Beds

Increased awareness of Priority Marine Features using file shell beds since this is a little know very photogenic habitat andwe have two good examples in Argyll and Bute. Increase awareness of the special marine habitats and species of Scotlandparticularly those important to Argyll and Bute. Publicise through online and printed material such as leaflets and posters

Lowland and Farmland Key outputs and outcomesLW11: Identification and surveyof waxcap grassland

Building on the national waxcap grassland survey, this project will train local volunteers to identify and monitor importantwaxcap grassland sites. The aims is to ensure landowners and managers are aware of the location of important waxcapgrassland on their ground and manage to protect it.

LW12: Provision of managementadvice for waxcap grassland

Production and dissemination of clear management advice to help land managers maintain the rich diversity of waxcapgrasslands.


85

WoodlandsW18: Provide woodlandmanagement advice

Provide owners of woodland or community groups with the Woodland Grazing Toolkit and advice on how to manage woodlandin a sustainable way that will promote and conserve biodiversity. Where suitable give advice on grants that are available andhow these may be obtained.

W19: Maintenance ofwayleaves for pearl-borderedfritillary butterfly

Provide advice to power companies to manage wayleaves at pearl-bordered fritillary butterfly sites on a more regular basis,beyond the basic requirement.

W20: Provide managementadvice on bryophytescommunities.

Post-construction monitoring of changes in the bryophyte communities of a riverine system subject to a hydro schemedevelopment. Information on the impacts of a hydro scheme water extraction regime is currently nonexistent. Pre-constructionmonitoring of such schemes has taken place so only needs to be repeated and reported. However, this work needs to beprioritised in order that it is completed. The project will help inform developers and consultees on the likely changes ofbryophyte communities when altering flow regimes in important ravines and gulleys of Argyll.

Uplands Key outputs and outcomes

U3: Scottish mountain haresurvey

Conduct a follow up survey to the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust mountain hare populations, study and possiblyenhance methodology and frequency to every 3-4 years instead of every 11-12 years.

U4: Peatland restoration Assess the condition of non-designated blanket bogs, as resources allow. Promote management such as drain blocking andmodification of grazing regimes where these are having an adverse effect on the peat.

U5: Sub-montane scrubrestoration

This project will seek to restore pockets of sub-montane scrub by planting dwarf willows and juniper in locations where grazingand browsing pressure is low enough to let them re-establish. Advice on best practice will be obtained from the nationalmontane scrub action group, National Trust for Scotland Ben Lawers and Scottish Agricultural College Kirkton, where pilotprojects are already underway.

BG6: Lek site habitatmanagement

Implement habitat management recommendations in additional lek sites.

Built Environment Key outputs and outcomes

BE11: Identify, designate andmanage new LNRs

Use the open space audit to identify and assess potential new community wildlife sites and possible LNRs. The ABC issupporting a new proposal for an LNR at Broxwood, Sandbank, centred on the new bird hide to which it contributed funding,but the ABC would also be interested in supporting similar proposals elsewhere in Argyll.

BE12: Non-native invasivespecies action

Raise awareness of invasive species within and around built up areas, and encourage support for their treatment and controlthrough events, leaflets and provision of advice.

Project title and Number Key outputs and outcomes

U6: Golden eagle interactionswith windfarms

This project will secure financial contributions from windfarm developers where golden eagle activity has been recorded on siteduring EIA surveys. The objective is to ensure that there is sufficient pre and post-construction monitoring to ensure improvedunderstanding of golden eagle and windfarm interactions.


86

Appendix 5: Green Networks ( Extract taken from the Glasgow and Clyde Valley Green Network Partnership)

What is the Green Network?

The Green Network is a concept based around three themes outlined above. The form, size and function of its individual elements will vary signifi-cantly across the area; however, the combination of these disparate individual elements is what will create the Network.In thinking about the development of the Green Network, it is helpful to distinguish between:

Green Network Cores/Hubs• – large areas of existing or new greenspace which already deliver a wide range of Green Network benefits. The aimshould be to protect and expand these areas, to create new cores/hubs, create visual connections and, critically, to develop corridors to link them;

Green Network Corridors and links• – continuous corridors of greenspace along rivers, disused railways, paths and cycleways and existing rail-ways and roads which serve to connect Green Network Cores/Hubs. Many of these corridors are incomplete, or provide a limited number of func-tions, so a key aim is to increase the number, continuity, visual interaction and functionality of these corridors;

Green Network Stepping stones• – it may not always be necessary or appropriate to create a continuous corridor of greenspace. Many plantand animal species, for example, are able to move short distances between areas of habitat. Many Victorian and Georgian suburbs had regularpublic and private squares set amongst densely developed terraces. The development of Green Network Stepping Stones can provide incompletecorridors linking larger areas of greenspace. This could include the planting of street trees, improved roadside verges or garden improvement.It is likely that there will always be some isolated greenspaces which, provide considerable benefits to local communities.

Biodiversity and EnvironmentDevelopment of the Green Network aims to enhance biodiversity and landscape quality, promote sustainable design, encourage enjoyment andunderstanding of the environment, reduce the impacts of climate change and secure the long-term sustainability across Glasgow and the ClydeValley. Key opportunities include the enhancement of a network of habitats, the use of the greenspace for flood management and to ameliorate airand water pollution, management of the historic environment and the use of the Green Network to encourage more sustainable lifestyles.Key Green Network benefits therefore include

BiodiversityHabitat networksLandscape and placemakingReducing the impacts of climate changeAir qualityFlood managementSustainable transport andCultural heritage.


87

Planning has a key role to play in maximising the environmental benefits of the Green Network. 2.13 Planning a high quality Green Network willresult in a positive transformation of landscapes and townscapes across the region, bringing significant environmental benefits for everyone wholives or works here, or who comes to visit. While protection is already provided for important nature conservation sites, there is an opportunity touse the planning system as a means of enhancing the biodiversity value of other green spaces, and, critically, to link them up to reverse decadesof habitat fragmentation. The planning system can help ensure that greenspaces deliver multiple benefits – for example creating a wetland habi-tat, which also forms part of a Sustainable Drainage System, or woodland that helps improve local air quality. It can also create human networks –contributing to safe and attractive access routes, which can in turn encourage people to walk or to cycle. Planning can also help create opportuni-ties for people to learn more about their local environment - whether that is through the creation of a Local Nature Reserve, the management of anhistoric landscape or monument, or even by involvement in a community garden.

Green Network OutcomesThe Green Network will deliver a range of outcomes including:

increasing the attractiveness of the region as a location for businesscreating opportunities for health improvementbuilding stronger and better connected communities andprotecting and enhancing wildlife and the environment.

The planning system is one of the most important means of realising this vision.


88

The Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 - 2015 · Overall, the Argyll and Bute...

Documents

Transcript of The Argyll and Bute Local Biodiversity Action Plan 2010 - 2015 · Overall, the Argyll and Bute...