The Application of Green

Technology in the

Construction Industry:PSSDB Classroom Cabin and

POWcrete

Dr Norhaiza Nordin

Faculty of Civil Engineering & Earth Resources

Universiti Malaysia Pahang

Content of Presentation

Islam today and Green Technology

Environmental issues of local construction

industry

Industralised Building System

PSSDB Classroom Cabins

POWcrete

Conclusion

Al Wahn

The Prophet Muhammad ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص said to his companions:

“The people will soon summon one another to attack you as

people, when eating, invite others to share their food.”

Someone asked, “Will that be because of our small numbers

at that time?” He replied, “No. You will be numerous at that

time: but you will be froth-like that carried down by a torrent

(of water), and Allah will take the fear of you from the hearts

of your enemy and cast al-wahn into your hearts.” Someone

asked, “O Messenger of Allah, what is al-wahn?” He replied,

“Love of this dunya and hatred of death.”

(An authentic hadith recorded by Abu Dawud and Ahmad)

Stranger

رباءللغاإلسالم غريبا، وسيعود غريبا كما بدأ، فطوبي بدأ

Islam began as strange, and it will return strange as it began, so give glad tidings to the strangers.

Rejoice!

“So do not weaken and do not grieve, and

you will be superior if you are [true]

believers.”

(Surah Ali ‘Imran: 139)

The Guardians upon the earth

يبلوك م فوق بعض درجات وهو الذي جعلكم خلئف الرض ورفع بعضك ما م في ل

يحيم ر آتاكم إن ربك سريع العقاب وإنه لغفور

“And it’s He who has appointed you as guardians upon the

earth, and has raised some of you above others, that He may

try you in what He has given you. Surely your Lord is swift in

penalty; but indeed, He is Forgiving and Merciful”

(Al An’am 6:165)

Local construction industry environmental issues

Land degradation - flood, landslides

Siltation and erosion

Water, air, noise pollution

Depletion of non-renewable resources

Poor site selection- use of environmentally sensitive areas

Improper waste management practices

Lack of proper site facilities and worker amenities

Poor compliance to Acts and Regulations

Dirty, Dangerous, Difficult

“More than three-quarters of the 304

construction sites inspected between

March and August to be either breeding

grounds of the dengue-bearing Aedes

mosquito or at risk of being so”

The Construction Industry Development

Board (CIDB) Malaymail 27/8/2014

Industrialised Building System

A construction technique in which components

are manufactured in a controlled environment

(on or off site), transported, positioned and

assembled into a structure with minimal

additional site work.

Potential role of IBS in Green Construction

Reduce material wastage and construction

wastage to landfill sites.

Reduce the polluting effects of construction and

from workers during construction

First time right – that does not require re-work that

wastes materials and labour

Reuse building materials and products in order to

reduce demand for virgin materials

(Kamarul Anuar et al, 2010)

What is Profiled Steel Sheeting Dry

Board (PSSDB)?

A composite panel

Consists of profiled steel sheeting

connected to the dry boards by self-drilling,

self-tapping screws

Used as flooring, roofing and walling panels

Advantages of PSSDB panel

Relatively light

Simple to construct, no formwork, can be

erected by unskilled labour, hence saving

cost

Can be stacked on top of each other

Quick to assemble and disassemble

Disaster relief/ temporary shelter

Lifting a PSSDB floor panel

This panel weighs 73 kg

PSSDB system as classroom cabin modules

Good ventilation

Prefabrication at the factory

Stacks of PSSDB panels at the

construction site

Construction of stumps and floor

beams

Floor beams

The propped wall and laid floor panels

The propped wall and laid floor panels

Finishing for floor and wall

Completed classroom cabin modules

Challenges

Addition of timber strips

Enhanced structural performance

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

-5000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000

Strain (m)

Lo

ad

(kN

/m2)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Deflection (mm)

Lo

ad

(k

N/m

2)

Research on PSSDB

1. Bending Tests

2. Push out tests

3. Finite element analysis

1. Bending test

Bending test at UMP

Bending test at UMP

Failure Modes : Steel Sheeting

Failure Modes: Dry Board

Failure Modes: Screws

Panel Stiffness

Profiled steel sheeting(mm)

Dry board(mm)

Screw distance(mm)

Stiffness(kNm2/m)

PMF 60 (1.2) Plywood (18) 150 254.00

Bondek II (1.0) Cemboard (16) 200 142.0

Bondek II (1.0) Cemboard (16) 150 215.8

Peva(1.0) Cemboard (16) 200 132.0

Cliplok (0.48) Cemboard (12) 100 46.3

Peva 45 (0.8) Cemboard (18) 200 108.2

Peva 45 (0.8) Plywood (18) 200 100.9

Peva 45 (0.8) Cemboard (18) + timber strip 200 117.7

Peva 45 (0.8)Cemboard (18)+ dovetail timber

strip200 192.2

none Cemboard (18)+ timber strip 200 19.2

2. Push out test

2. Push out test

3. Finite element modelling

3. Finite element modelling

EYE X=-649.3 Y=649.3 Z=649.3

SCALE 1/1.202

X

Y

Z

X

Y

Z

3. Finite element modelling

3. Finite element modelling

POWcrete (Palm Oil Waste Concrete)

Concrete is widely used in construction industry

globally

Concrete is made of cement, course aggregate, fine

aggregate and water

the materials for concrete production are harvested

from the nature and non renewable resources

Limestone and clean water (cement production)

Granite and limestones (concrete production)

Continuous use can lead to severe negative impact

to the environment, increase global warming &

climate change

Cement Production & Global Warming

Use of non renewable

materials increasing

1 tonne cement releases

1 tonne of CO2

Aggregate Quarrying & Impact to Nature

Aggregate depletion,

destruction of wildlife

habitat, soil erosion, global

warming, begin to import

aggregate,

Year 2007 2008

Aggregates

Import

(tonnes)

Value

(RM mil)

Import

(tonnes)

Value

(RM mil)

12,361 6.84 77,461 98.57

Source : M’sian Geoscience & Minerals Department, 2011

Imported Aggregate

Malaysia Palm Oil Industry & Wastes

Malaysia 2nd largest palm

oil producer

Increasing bio wastes

annually

Oil Palm Shell (OPS)

Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA)

need more landfill

MATERIAL FOR POWCRETE PRODUCTION

OPS as Full Aggregate Replacement

POFA as Partial Cement Replacement

Partial cement

replacement

POWcrete for Structural Application

Compressive Strength

Use of 10 % to 30% POFA resulted in additional strength compared to control concrete

Long Term Compressive Strength Result

1 year

Specimen containing POFA continues to exhibit higher strength throughout

curing age

Long Term Flexural Strength Result 1 year

Specimens containing POFA exhibit similar trend as compressive strength

result

Modulus of Elasticity Test Result 1 year

Integration of POFA as partial cement replacement increases the

stiffness of concrete

POWcrete SPECIAL FEATURES

Contains lesser cement, no granite, oil palm shell as aggregate replacement, palm oil fuel ash as partial cement replacement as compared to plain concrete

Use of OPS produce lighter concrete than existing one

Use of POFA enhances concrete strength& durability

This locally produced material is suitable for structural application and definitely cheaper than imported products

Supports the implementation of green technology

Won Silver medal at BioMalaysia 2016

THANK YOU