THE ANTEBELLUM SOUTH - WordPress.com · 2017. 11. 30. · more emotional worship services; negro...
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THE
ANTEBELLUM SOUTH
T HE O LD SOUTH & S LAVERY
1820-1860A10W | 10.11.01
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Essential Questions
To what extent was the South becoming a distinctively differentregion between 1820 & 1860?
To what degree did slavery shape Southern society?
[Why did so many support slavery?]
(Consider political, economic, social and intellectual aspects of life in the South)
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A. The Southern Economy1. Primarily agrarian
2. Economic power shifted from the “upper South” to the Deep South
3. “Cotton Is King!”
The Agricultural Economy of the South,1860
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Changes in Cotton Production
1820 ▲
1860 ▼
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A. The Southern Economy
3. “Cotton Is King!”
1860 – 57% of US exports (5 million Bales exported per year)
Value of Cotton Exports As a Percentage of All U.S. Exports
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A. The Southern Economy
4. Very slow development of industry
5. Rudimentary financial system.
6. Economic dependence on North
7. Inadequate transportation system.
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B. SOUTHERN SOCIETY (1850)
Planter Class (4%)large plantation owners 1% (50+ slaves)
small planters 3% (20-49 slaves)
Small slaveholders 20% (<20 slaves)
6,000,000
Black Freemen (250,000- 3% of all free families)
Black Slaves (3,200,000 in 1850)
Total US Population --> 23,000,000[9,450,000 in the South = 40%]
The “Plain Folk”
Non-slaveholding whites 75%(yeoman farmers, tenant farmers, sandhillers, hill people)
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Southern Society in 1860
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Slave-Owning Families (1850)
What does this reveal about slave ownership??
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B. WHITE SOCIETY & CULTURE Why did many Southerners support the
slave system when 75% didn’t own slaves?
Was there a change in attitude re slavery?
How did they justify slavery?
Who did NOT support the slave system?
Plantation House, St. Mary’s, MD (1830s)Southern Yeoman farmer’s home
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B. WHITE SOCIETY & CULTURE
3. Defense of Slavery & White Supremacy
“necessary evil” → “positive good”
Legal & constitutional
History
Religious
Better than North – “wage slaves”
Black Inferiority
[Among Southerners] Elevated poor whites
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Southern Pro-Slavery Propaganda
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C. SLAVERY & SLAVE CULTURE
1. “Peculiar Institution”
2. Slave trade “Middle Passage”
Internal Slave trade
3. Protection under law Constitution
Fugitive Slave Clause (Art IV, Sec 2)
Fugitive Slave Act (1793)
Paths of the Internal Slave Trade
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C. SLAVERY & SLAVE CULTURE
4. Slave Life & Culture
Black Christianity [Baptists or Methodists]:
* more emotional worship services; negro spirituals.
Nuclear family with extended kin links, where possible.
Importance of music
[esp. spirituals].
Slave codes
Resistance
Nat Turner
“Sambo”
Slave Rebellions and Uprisings, 1800-1831
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Slave Cabin and Occupants Near Eufala,
Barbour County, Alabama
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