F. Montmessin, M. Patel, F. Forget, D. Bruneau, D. Coscia, T. Fouchet, J.-M. Reess, P.

Bernardi, S. Lewis,

C. Flamant, A. Spiga, A. Määttanen, Chris Howe, G. Déprez, T. Bertrand, L. Kerber, S.

Maurice, M. Kahre,

J. Abshire, A. Vasavada, R. Lorenz, B., Faure, M.-S. Clerc, P. Sengenes, P. Gilbert, J- B.

Madeleine.

PI: Franck Montmessin

Authorizing Offic

i

al:

Danièle Hauser,

director of LATMOS laboratory

THE MARTIAN

WIND PROFILER

MARs Boundary Layer Lidar

1

THE ANSWER

MY FRIEND

IS BLOWIN' IN THE WIND

PI: Franck Montmessin

Authorizing Offic

i

al:

Danièle Hauser,

director of LATMOS laboratory

THE MARTIAN

WIND PROFILER

MARs Boundary Layer Lidar

Problem: Measure winds on Mars

Lander anemometers

Even networks remain at the surface

Difficult mesospheric wind measurements by Earth-based heterodyne spectroscopy (mm + IR)

Low pressure > baloons

Knowledge = model predictions but models remain to be validated

Key motivation: mission design EDL

Horizontal wind

Updrafts and downdrafts in the planetary boundary layer

On Earth: LIDAR used routinely and available as commercial products to monitor wind shear and turbulence above airports and in the

wind farms industry.

On Mars: easier than on Earth! Ubiquitous dust particles which are highly reflective

Negligible scaterring by the atmopsheric gas

A solution: doppler wind LIDAR

Speed aerosols = wind speed

Doppler shift > wind speed along the line of sight

Doppler LIDAR principle

Aerosols

LIDARS already used on Mars

0,4 mJ/shot

Re-use the ChemCam LASER

Made by Thales Toulouse

Nd-YAG

1064nm

30 mJ/shot !!!

Prototype of the MARs Boundary Layer Lidar (MARBLL)

Problem: Frequency stable ?

Temperature variations

Pressure variations

Shocks

The solution: Mach-Zender interferometer

Two-wave interference 4 channels in phase quadrature to

maximize Dynamic range (+/- 272 m/s)

Differential measurement between received and emitted laser beams

Little to no temperature/vibrations influence

MARBLL prototype measurements made at 45° elevation angle and compared with balloon radio soundings performed at the same time (Bruneau et al. 2013)

MARBLL prototype test campaign

MARBLL Instrument (exploded view)

proposed for Mars 2020 rover 7cm

Telescope

Mach Zhender Interfero-meter

Scanning miror

Laser unit 1064 nm, 30 mJ • 10 pulses /s

Main electronic

MARBLL for MSL 2020

L anded&Science&Payload&D/80637&M ars&2020& September&18,&2013&

Mars%2020%Proposal%Information%Package% 13%

%

Figure&2/5.&M ars&2020&L anded&Configuration&/&Fully&Deployed&Rover .&

2.3! M ission&Software&Overview&

The%Mars%2020%mission%system%software%refers%to%all%of%the%spacecraft%flight%software%(FSW)%hosted%on%the%

rover%compute%element%(RCE)%as%well%as%all%ground%data%system%(GDS)%software%that%will%be%used%to%

support%the%science%mission.%The%FSW%will%include%the%necessary%functionality%to%support%onboard%

instrument%operations,%activities,%and%data%collection.%The%GDS%software%includes%both%the%software%

functionality%for%planning%rover%activities%and%for%processing%and%displaying%received%science%and%health%

data%(including%remote%participation%by%instrument%operations%teams).%The%instrument%flight%software%

(IFSW)%refers%to%software%running%inside%an%instrument’s%dedicated%compute%element.%The%IFSW,%and%any%

unique,%PINsupplied%instrument%data%analysis%software%is%not%considered%part%of%the%mission%system%

software.%Figure%2N6%provides%a%context%diagram.%

Mast%

Turret%

Internal%Rover%

Volume%

%

%

Azimuthalsectors&mirroreleva on

InternalRover

Volume

30

210

60

240

90

270

120

300

150

330

180 0

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

67.5°

90°

45°

45°

180° 0°

90°

Accomodation

1

1.5

30

210

60

240

90

270

120

300

150

330

180 0

Used sectors for laser shots and zenithal angle associated

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

Field of view And field of shoot

Time (s)

Altitu

de (k

m)

0 500 1 0000.2

1

2

3

4

5

-8

-5

0

5

10

Time (s)

Alt

itu

de

(km

)

0 100 200 300 4000.2

1

2

3

4

5

-5

0

5

10

0 200 400 Time (s)

3

2

1

0.2

0 200 400 Time (s)

3

2

1

0.2

Alt

itu

de

(km

)

Alt

itu

de

(km

)

“True” vertical wind (LES model)

Time (s)

Alt

itu

de

(km

)

0 100 200 300 4000.2

1

2

3

4

5

-5

0

5

10

Win

d sp

ee

d (m

/s)

Vertical wind as "seen" by MARBLL

MODE #1: Vertical shoot Convective Vertical wind "images"

MODE #2: Conical scan Measuring the mean horizontal wind

Alt

itu

de

(km

)

Wind speed (m/s) / direction (°) 3 conical scans (720 s) separated by 6 ‘

MODE #2: Conical scan Measuring the mean horizontal wind

300 m

2 pm / worst convective case

MODE #3: Low elevation souding at 5° elevation Snapshots” of surface wind gust

300 m

2 pm / worst convective case

MODE #3: Low elevation souding at 5° elevation Snapshots” of surface wind gust

Cloud detection (1000 shots ~100 s integration)

15 m (raw) 45 m average 1 km average

1-σ confidence level

3-σ

Altitude (km)

MODE #4: Classical LIDAR operation

Performance simulation

1

2

2

1

A large scientific community

Other solution ?

From the orbit: MARLI

Thank you for your

attention !

Any questions ?