THE ANIMAL KINGDOM

VERTEBRATES: Animals with true backbones (PHYLUM

CHORDATA)

Science AHSGE Standard III-3, part 2

Kingdom Animalia All vertebrates have

bilateral symmetry All vertebrates are

sexual

Multicellular with true tissues

Specialized eukaryotic cells

Muscular/nervous systems unique to animals

Have their own means of locomotion

Consumers- ingest food

1,326,239 classified species

9,812,298 total species

Fish Aquatic/marine Fins- Projections that allow for turning and

balance Swim Bladder- Sac-like organ that holds air

for floatation Gills- Remove oxygen from water Two-chambered heart External fertilization Differentiated by skeleton and/or jaws

Class Osteichthyes (Pisces): Bony fish

Catfish * Red snapper

Giant Asian catfish

Class Chondrichthyes: Cartilagenous fish

Great white shark

Class Chondrichthyes: Cartilagenous fish

Skate

Sting ray

Class Agnatha

Jawless fish Many parasitic

Class Amphibia Smooth moist skin Mucus secreting- Chemical defense Three chambered heart Some skin breathing Two life stages: water and land

– Born with gills– Develop lungs later in life

External fertilization

Class Amphibia Poison dart frog

Example: Warning coloration

Marble Salamander

Class Reptilia Dry, scaly skin Many have claws and fangs

(mechanical defense) Amniotic egg- soft, leathery shell Three chambered heart Internal fertilization Most give no parental care

Class Reptilia Left- Coral snake

– Example: Warning coloration

Right- Scarlet king snake– Example: Mimicry

Class Reptilia Alligator

Crocodile

Giant Croc found in New Orleans after hurricane

Class Reptilia

Turtles

Class Aves Covered with feathers Feathers serve as insulation/flight Hollow bones Beaks are an adaptation to food sources Hard, calcium-enriched shell; some spotted

for camouflage Four chambered heart Internal fertilization

Class Aves Bald eagle

Gray heron

Class Aves Ostrich

Penguins

Class Mammalia Covered in fur Females produce milk for the young Parental care for young Internal fertilization Four chambered heart

Class Mammalia Order

Monotremata: Egg-laying mammals

– Duck-billed platypus

– Spiny anteater

Class Mammalia Order Marsupials:

Pouch mammals– Young born

underdeveloped– Finish developing in

pouch Kangaroos

Koalas

Class Mammalia Order Marsupials

– Opossum

– Wombat

Class Mammalia

Order Marsupials Tasmanian devil

Class Mammalia Order Placentals

– Young fully develop inside the mother in a sac-like organ called the placenta

Dolphins– Use echolocation to

see at night Humpback whales

– Baleen- Device in a whales mouth used to filter food parties

Class Mammalia Order Placentals

– Armadillo

– Grizzly bear

Class Mammalia

Order Placental Bats

– Bats use echolocation to see also

Class Mammalia Arctic mammals

Example: Convergent evolution

Lion Example:

Camouflage