The Animal Kingdom Part 1. General Characteristics: Exhibit multicellular construction Composed of...
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Transcript of The Animal Kingdom Part 1. General Characteristics: Exhibit multicellular construction Composed of...
![Page 1: The Animal Kingdom Part 1. General Characteristics: Exhibit multicellular construction Composed of eukaryotic cells Nutrition is by ingestion Animals.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23fc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Animal Kingdo
m
Part 1
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General Characteristics:
Exhibit multicellular construction Composed of eukaryotic cells Nutrition is by ingestion Animals differ from plants
• Contain centrioles & asters• Lack chlorophyll, plastids, cell
walls• Exhibit both embryonic and larval
stages• Exclusively heterotrophic
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General Characteristics:
Complex organisms - up to 10 systems1) Skeletal2) Muscular*
3) Endocrine4) Nervous*
5) Circulatory6) Lymphatic7) Integumentary8) Reproductive9) Excretory10)Respiratory11)Digestive
* Unique to animals
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General Characteristics:
Adult form may be viewed as a complex tube within a tube
Reflected by the presence of 3 primary germ layers:– Ectoderm – integument & nervous– Mesoderm – muscles and most
other organs– Endoderm – lines digestive tube
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General Characteristics:
Reflected by the presence of 3 primary germ layers:– Ectoderm – integument & nervous– Mesoderm – all other systems– Endoderm – digestive
Triploblastic – possess all 3 germ layers Diploblastic – possess only 2 germ
layers
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General Characteristics:
Exhibit the Exhibit the Diplontic Life Diplontic Life CycleCycle(sexual reproduction)
• Adult 2N• Gamete 1N• Zygote 2N
Adult
2N
Zygote
2N
egg 1N
sperm 1N
mitosis
meiosis
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Domain Eukarya
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Broad Classification
1) Level of Organization 2) Type of Body
Symmetry 3) Type of Body Cavity 4) Embryonic
Development
Animal Classification
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Level of OrganizationLevel of Organization
IF the cell develops from a single cell to the tissue level only, it belongs to
Subkingdom ParazoaParazoa (beside the animals)
Phylum PoriferaPhylum Porifera - sponges
(to bear pores)
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Level of OrganizationLevel of Organization
All others develop to an organ or organ system level:
Subkingdom EumetazoaEumetazoa (true later animal)
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1. Only sponges lack symmetry (asymmetrical)
2. Organisms whose body parts are organized around a central axis and radiate from the central core like the spokes of a wheel exhibit radial symmetry. (Think of an orange.)
3. Organisms whose body parts are arranged along a longitudinal axis where right and left half are mirror images of each other exhibit bilaterial symmetry. (Think of a butterfly.)
Type of Body SymmetryType of Body Symmetry
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Type of Body SymmetryType of Body Symmetry
Radially symmetrical organisms belong to
Grade Grade RadiataRadiata
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Type of Body SymmetryType of Body Symmetry
Bilaterially symmetrical organisms belong to
Grade Bilaterata
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Type of Body SymmetryType of Body Symmetry
Grade Radiata
larva, ancestors, AND adults are radially symmetrical
Phylum Cnidaria - jellyfish
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Another typical Cnidarian: Hydra
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Cnidarian formsCnidarian forms
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Type of Body SymmetryType of Body Symmetry
Grade Bilaterata
larva, ancestors, OR adults are bilaterally symmetrical
All others belong to the
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Type of Body Cavity Type of Body Cavity (coelom)(coelom)
Subgrade Acoelomata
Phylum Platyhelminthes -the flatworms
NO body cavity Solid layer of mesodermectoderm
solid mesoderm
endoderm
gut
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Type of Body Cavity Type of Body Cavity (coelom)(coelom)
Subgrade Pseudocoelomata
Phylum Nematoda -the roundworms
False cavity (false coelom) Pseudocoel only partially lined
with mesoderm Endoderm
Ectoderm w/ mesoderm lining
Pseudocoel
Gut
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Type of Body Cavity Type of Body Cavity (coelom)(coelom)
Subgrade Coelomata
Phyla Annelida Chordata True body cavity Coelom completely lined with
mesoderm ectodermCoelom (completely lined with mesoderm) endoderm gut
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Body PlansBody Plans
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Choanoflagellates
Protist Link to Animals?
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Embryonic Development/ formation of the archenteron
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Type of Embryonic Type of Embryonic DevelopmentDevelopment
If the first opening into the blastocoel is the mouth, the organism is a
Protostome.
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Type of Embryonic Type of Embryonic DevelopmentDevelopment
If the second opening into the blastocoel formed is the mouth, the organism is a
Deutrostome.
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