The Ananda Bhoomi (Year 47, Vol. 6) a=;' += @%^# g ]=; += !!#( A … · 2019-11-05 · a'=; += @%^#...

The Ananda Bhoomi 2019a'=;+= @%^# 1

jflif{s ¿= !%)÷– Psk|lt ¿= @)÷– jflif{s u|fxs agL ;xof]u u/f}+ .

;Dks{ sfof{no

cfgGb e"ldcfgGbs'6L ljxf/ ;+:yf, kf]=a=g+= #))&, sf7df8f}+ .

kmf]gM $@&!$@) E-mail : [email protected]

[email protected]@anandabhoomi.com

Website: anandakutivihar.com.np

www.anandabhoomi.com

a'4jrgfd[t

@)&^ -slt+ k'lGx÷cflZjg M sf]hfu|t k"l0f{df_ jif{ $& c+s ^

a'=;+= @%^# g]=;+= !!#(The Ananda Bhoomi (Year 47, Vol. 6)A Buddhist Monthly : Sep/Oct 2019

k|d'v ;Nnfxsf/MleIf' d}qL dxf:ylj/ -k|d'v, cf= s'= lj=_

;Nnfxsf/ M leIf' wd{d"lt{ -sfo{jfxs k|d'v, cf=s'=lj=_

;Dkfbs÷k|sfzg ;+of]hsMsf]08Go

a'4ljxf/ e[s'6Ld08k, $@@^&)@

;Dkfbg ;xof]uL M leIf' c:;lh, leIf' wDdbQ

Aoj:yfkg tyf ljt/s M ljj]s dxh{g, , , , , :jo\De" (*$($@)%^^

Joj:yfkg ;xof]uL M leIf' ;/0f+s/, cfgGbs'6L

n]vf Joj:yfkg M ;'/]z dxh{g, :joDe"

cfj/0f l8hfOg÷leqL ;]l6Ë M ljgf]b dxh{g

cljt/0ffy{ ;xof]uLx?Ma'4hoGtL ;df/f]x ;ldlt ->L3M_, leIf' ;'l4sf], zld{nf

>]i7 -af}4 j[4f>d–ag]kf_, c= OGb|fjtL -wd{sLlt{_, ;l/tf cjfn]-nlntk'/_, ;'>L jL0ff s+;fsf/, ;'>L zs'Gtnf k|wfg, >LdtL s]z/Ljh|frfo{, -af}4 dlxnf ;+3, g]kfn_, ;'j0f{d'lg zfSo / k|]daxfb'/ yfkf-e}/xjf_, snaxfb'/ kNnL du/ / ljBfb]jL zfSo -a'6jn_, ofdzfSo -a]gL_, 1fgdfnf ;+3–cfgGb ljxf/ -tfg;]g_, anaxfb'/ ufxf-kfNkf_, s[i0fk|;fb zfSo -afUn'·_, ljho u'?· -ndh'·_, z}gLrf}w/L -k'hf/L nfdf_ ;Kt/L, pQddfg a'4frfo{ -kf]v/f_, /Tgaxfb'/gfDhfnL -;'v]{t_, nfnaxfb'/ rf}w/Lyf? -pbok'/_, cd/axfb'/yfkf -slknj:t'_ .

d'b|0fMcfO{l8on lk|lG6· k|];, Ujfsf]{, kmf]gM %%#)%@@

k|sfzsMcfgGbs'6L ljxf/

cfgGb s'6L ljxf/, :joDe", kmf]gM $@&!$@)sf=lh=b=g+= #$÷)#$÷)#%÷d=If]=x'=lg=b=g+= &÷)^!÷^@

;Aa] t;lGt b08:;–;Aa] efolGt dRr'gf]

cQfg+ pkd+ sTjf–g xg]øo g 3fto] ..

b08 b]v]/ ;a} 8/fpF5g\, d[To' b]v]/ ;a}sfFKt5g\, To;sf/0f cfk"m em}+ ;DemL k|f0fLnfO{lx+;f gug'{ / gu/fpg" .

b08 vgf ;sn]+ UofM, ;L wsf y/y/vfM, cy] h'of yMy]Gt'+ efMlkof ;sn k|f0fLlkGt:ofo] dt] cn] :ofs] g+ dt] .

All are afraid of the stick, all fear death.

Putting oneself in another's place, one should not

beat or kill others.

– wDdkb !@(


;DkfbsLokz'alndf wfld{s d"Nosf] k|Zg

cfkm}n] cfkm}nfO{ Psrf]6L k|Zg u/f}+b;}+ glhlsFb} ubf{ kz'alnlj?4sf] cfjfh p7\g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . clx+;fsf kIfw/ s]xL

;+3;+:yfn] kz'alnlj?4sf] cfjfh p7fP klg ;/f]sf/jfnf kIfn] cfjfhnfO{ gh/cGbfh ub{} caf]wkz'k+IfLx?sf] /ut?kL xf]nL k|yfn] lg/Gt/tf kfO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnL ;dfhdf alnk|yf ;gftgsfnb]lv rNb} cfPsf] ljZjf; ul/G5 .

b]jb]jLnfO{ aln lbFbf b]jb]jLx? v'zL x'G5g\ / cfkm"n] lrtfOPsf OR5f, cfsfª\Iffx? ;a} k'/fx'G5g\ eGg] dgf]lj1fg dflg;df /x]sf] kfOG5 . b;}+df ;a} h;f] ;d'bfodf kz'aln lbg' k/fDk/futclgjfo{tf h:tf] b]lvG5 . alnk|yfjfbLx? eg] k/Dk/fsf] gfddf lgbf]{if kz'sf] 3fF6L /]6]/ /utr9fpg] aa{/ sfo{ ub{} cfPsf 5g\ .

kz'aln r9fpg] s'/Llt tyf s'k|yfn] xfd|f] ;+:s[ltdfly g} k|Zg p7\g] u/]sf] 5 . Psflt/ xfdL

…;a} k|f0fL eujfg\sf] ;Gtlt xf}+Ú klg eGg] clg csf]{lt/ caf]w / lgbf]{if k|f0fLsf] xTof u/L eujfg\nfO{ v'zL

kfg{] gfddf caf]w kz'sf] aln r9fpg] . s] b]jLb]jtfx? /utsf Kof;L 5g\ < s] pgLx? aln rfxG5g\ < /ut

dfU5g\ < Tof] klg cfkm"n] ;[hgf u/]sf] ;Gtfgsf] 3fF6L /]6]/ r9fPsf] /ut <

@! cf}+ ztfAbLdf klg alnk|yf h:tf] aa{/ / cdfgjLo s';+:s[lt xfd|f] ;dfhdf ljBdfg /xg'sf] d'Vo

sf/0f cGwljZjf; g} xf] . caf]w kz'sf] 3fF6L /]6]/ /ut r9fpFbf b]jLb]jtf v'zL x'G5g\ eGg] e|d hgdfg;n]

cfkm\gf] dg dl:tisdf kfn]sf 5g\, ToxL g} alnk|yf h:tf s'k|yfsf] d"n h8 xf] . csf]{tkm{ o; lsl;dsf]cGwljZJff;nfO{ /fHon] k|>o lbO/x]sf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL h:tf /fHosf pRr kbflwsf/L4f/f k|wfgdGqLlgjf; k|j]z ug{'k"j{ sfnf] af]sf] aln lbg' tyf e}+;L k"hf ug{' h:tf nHhf:kb sfo{n] g]kfnL ;dfhdfcGwljZjf;df cfwfl/t s'/Llt tyf s'k|yfx?nfO{ a9fjf lbO/x]sf 5g\ .

jf:tjdf wd{ eg]sf] cf–cfkm\gf] dg z'4 u/]/ ;a}k|lt ;b\efj /fVg' xf] . c?nfO{ oyf]lrt ;xof]u ug'{

xf] . wd{sf] zf:jt d"NonfO{ a]jf:tf u/]/ kz'aln hf]8\g' sltsf] hfoh xf]nf < jf:tjdf wd{;Fu kz'aln

hf]8\g'df g t s'g} t's 5, g t s'g} ts{ . jf:tjdf aln k|yf dfgjLo ;Eotfsf] sn+s xf] . k|f0fLdfly kL8f

k'¥ofpg] sfo{ s'g} klg lx;fan] wfld{s x'g ;Sb}g . wd{sf] d"No;Fu kz'alnsf] s'g} ;DaGw 5}g .

…;a} k|f0fL d[To'b]lv 8/fpF5g\ . ctM ;a} k|f0fLnfO{ cfkm" ;dfg ;Dem]/ 3ft ug]{ sfd gu/Ú eGg]tyfut uf}td a'4sf] jrgsf] dd{nfO{ af]w u/]/ cfkm"leq s?0ff / d}qLnfO{ k|Hjlnt ug'{ g} wd{ xf] .c?nfO{ ;'v lbg' wd{ xf] . ctM Wofg / 1fgsf] dfWodaf6 cfkm"n] cfkm}nfO{ lrGg] k|of; u/L wd{sf]gfpFdf x'g] kz'alnlj?4 a[xt hfu/0f cleofg rnfpg'kg]{ vfFrf] 5 . xfdL lx+;fdf cfwfl/t ;dfh

agfpg] jf clx+;fdf cfwfl/t < cGwljZjf;nfO{ a9fjf lbg] ls glbg] < d}qL, s?0ffjfg x'g 5f8]/ s:tf]

sfo{nfO{ k|>o lbg] eg]/ ;a}n] cfkm}nfO{ Psrf]6L k|Zgk|ltk|Zg ug'{kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 .


ljifo–;"lrqm=;+= ljifo n]vs k[i7

leIf' dxf;+3sf] hfgsf/Lo; jif{ a'=;+++= @%^#, lj=;+= @)&^ sf] jiff{jf;;DaGwL pkf];y

sd{, clwi7fg, k|jf/0ff, slygf]T;j cf/De Pj+ slygf]T;j ;dflKt af/]clvn g]kfn leIf' dxf;+3sf] sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltaf6 lg0f{o ePcg';f/lgDg pNn]lvt lbg–tflnsfcg'¿k ug{÷u/fpg' x'g cf1fg';f/ hfgsf/L;lxt;ljgok"j{s cg'/f]w ub{5' .!_ jiff{jf; M pkf];y sd{ – @)&^ c;f/ #!, d+unjf/

(16th July, 2019)@_ jiff{jf; M clwi7fg sd{ – @)&^ >fj0f !, a'wjf/

(17th July, 2019)#_ jiff{jf; M k|jf/0ff sd{ – @)&^ cflZjg @^, cfOtjf/

(13th October, 2019)$_ slygf]T;j M ;'ef/De – @)&^ cflZjg @&, ;f]djf/

(14th October, 2019)%_ slygf]T;j M ;dflKt -clGtd_ – @)&^ sflt{s @% ;f]djf/

(11th November, 2019)pk/f]Qm tflnsfcg';f/ ljxf/sf ;DalGwt ;a}nfO{ hfgsf/L

;+k|]if0f ug'{eO{ wfld{s ljlwJojxf/ ug{÷u/fpg ;d]t cf1fg';f/ hfgsf/Lu/fpFb5' . d}qLk"0f{ ;fw'jfb .

cf1fg';f/leIf' sf]08Go, dxf;lrj, c=g]=le= dxf;+3

!= k"j{df c:tfP ædbg afÆ s[i0f 9'+ufgf $

@= d}qLefjgfsf] cEof; s;/L ug]{ < leIf' ljzfn1fg &

#= zlQm k"hf / aln k|yf ;fwgf k|tLIff !!

$= g]kfndf y]/jfb a'4;f;g slxn]b]lv < dbg/Tg dfgGw/ !#

%= wdf{Tdf b'MvL k|f0fLx?sf] p4f/df Jo:t nf]saxfb'/ zfSo !%

^= g]kfnsf] y]/jfb af}4 ljxf/ tyf o;sf] jlu{s/0f leIf' k~`fd"lt{ !&

&= s] a'4wd{ lxGb"wd{sf] zfvf xf] < ltnsdfg u'efh" @#

*= hLjgsf] cd"No lzIff M ci6 nf]swd{ lzlzn lrqsf/ @^

(= nfe/Tgof Rj;f+ lkHjMu' lgk' Do] nfe/Tg t'nfw/ @*

10. The Buddha is the Greatest Exponent... Ven. Weragoda Sarada 29

!!= af}4 ultljlw #)

d}qLk"0f{lgdGq0ff:jo\De"l:yt P]ltxfl;s cfgGbs'6L

ljxf/df oxL cfpFbf] cflZjg @& ut]

;f]djf/sf lbg x'guO/x]sf] dxfg slyg

rLj/ bfg wfld{s pT;jdf ;xefuL

eO{ k'0o ;+ro ug' { x'g d}qLk"0f{

lgdGq0ff ub{5f}+ . ejt' ;Aa d+un+ .

d}qLk"j{s,slyg bftf M >L /fdeQm dfgGw/

;kl/jf/Pj+

cfgGb s'6L ljxf/ kl/jf/,:jo\De" .


h;n] cfˆgf] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg ;]jfdf ;dlk{t u/],u[x:yL Tofu]gg\ t/ ;fbuL a|Xdrf/L ;Gtsf] hLjglatfP . pgsf] hLjgsf] ;f/ eGg' g} ;a} txsfdflg;nfO{ ;dfg 9+un] b'Mvaf6 cfgGblt/ /aGwgaf6 :jtGqtflt/sf] af6f] b]vfpg' /Xof] .

g]kfn / cGo w]/} b]zsf leIf' Pj+ u[x:y;fwsx?sf k|]/0ff ;|f]t pg} ljkZogf cfrfo{ dbgt'nfw/sf] &! jif{sf] pd]/df lgwg ePsf] 5 . lj=;+= @))^ d+l;/ !! df c;gdf hlGdPsf pgL o'jfsfnd} a'4 ljBftkm{ cfslif{t ePsf lyP .

pgsf] cWofTd ofqfsfdfu{bz{s ljZj ljkZogfcfrfo{ ;Togf/fo0f uf]oGsfx'g\ . a'4 hGdsf] @ xhf/% ;o jif{kl5 ;g\ !(*!df a'4 ljBf af]s]/ uf]oGsfa'4 hGde"ld g]kfn k|j]zubf{ oxfFsf] jf:tljstf km/slyof] . g]kfnn] a'4nfO{hGdfPsf] lyof] t/ pgsf]ljBf s] xf], s;/L cEof;ul/G5, c;/ s] x'G5, kQf]lyPg . leIf'sf Ps b'O{

utf°dfo; c°

k9f}+ k9fcf}+, ;dod}+ jflif{s u|fxs agf}+

cfgGb s'6L ljxf/ ;+:yf, kf]=a=g+= #))&, sf7df8f}+, kmf]gM $@&!$@)E-mail : [email protected], [email protected]

[email protected], [email protected]

k"j{df c:tfP "dbg af"

s[i0f 9'+ufgf— …====== pgsf] hLjgsf] ;f/ eGg' g} ;a} txsf

dflg;nfO{ ;dfg 9+un] b'Mvaf6 cfgGblt/ / aGwgaf6:jtGqtflt/sf] af6f] b]vfpg' /Xof].Ú

— dbg afn] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg g} Wofg;Fu ;DalGwtsfddf ;dlk{t u/] . To;afkt s]xL lnPgg\, lbPdfq} . slt;Dd eg] s]Gb|sf] ;a} sfd k"/f u/]/dWo/flt cfkm\g} 3/df af; a:g kmls{Gy] . kl5Nnf];do pgL wDd>[Ë glhs} k'v{Øf}nL ;DklQaf6 vl/bu/]sf] 3/df a:b} cfPsf lyP . zf/Ll/s cf/fdsf]nflu pgL 5f]6f] ;do dfq ;'Ty], w]/} ;do Wofg /;]jfdf latfpFy] .


ljxf/afx]s cGt of] klxNo} nf]k eO;s]sf] lyof] .of] Tolt a]nfsf] s'/f xf] hlta]nf ljkZogfu[x:yx?sf nflu xf]Og s]jn leIf'x?sf nflu xf]eGg] e|d JofKt lyof] .

g]kfn cfPsf cfrfo{ uf]oGsfn] :jDe"l:ytcfgGbs'6L ljxf/df klxnf] ljkZogf lzlj/ ;~rfngu/] . g]kfndf pm af lvg k/Dk/fcg';f/ ;~rfngePsf] Tof] g} klxnf] ljkZogf Wofg lzlj/ lyof] .dbg t'nfw/ ToxL lzlj/df ;xefuL x'g rfxGy] .

…t/ @%) lgwf{l/t l;6 klxNo} a'S8 eO;s]sfn]ToxfF pxfFn] cj;/ kfpg' ePg . To;kl5 PSn}ef/tsf] l;dnf k'u]/ klxnf] cf}krfl/s bzlbg]lzlj/ lng'eof]Ú, ljkZogfsf k'/fgf cfrfo{ cfgGbzfSo eG5g\, …cgf}krfl/s ?kdf Tof]eGbf cufl8b]lvg} xfdL Wofg a:g] uYof}{+.Ú

g]kfndf ljkZogf leqØfofpg] >]o b'O{Jofkf/Lx? ob's'df/ l;4L / dl0fxif{ Hof]tLnfO{hfG5 . To;kl5 of] Wofgsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/dfhLjg ;dlk{t ug]{ klxnf] r/0fsf yf]/} cfrfo{x?dWo]t'nfw/ Ps hgf x'g\ . ;g\ !(*@ df :yfkgfePsf] wDd>[Ë lj:tf/ x'Fb} hfFbf pgn] cfˆgf]cGtd{gsf] ofqf k'i6 ub}{ nu] . elgG5, cfkm"glhs cfO/x]sf dflg;sf] l:ylt pgL klxNo}

yfxf kfpg ;Sy] . hlt;'s} cK7Øf/f af]s]/ pgL;dIfk'u] klg ;dfwfg klxNofOlbGy] . ;fwsx? pgnfO{cfb/k"j{s …dbg afÚ, …dbg u'? afÚ gfdn] ;Daf]wguy]{ . :g]x / d}qLk"0f{ Jojxf/sf sf/0f dbg afo'jfaLr ljz]if lk|o lyP . xfF;f]7§fsf] /fd|f] r]tePsf pgL lrofsf kf/vL lyP . e]6 ug{hfg]x?nfO{ yl/yl/ lrof rvfpFy] .

…dfG5]sf] a'emfOsf] :t/ x]/]/ pxfFn] l8nug{'x'GYof] . Ps k6s dfq af]n]sf] dfG5]nfO{ bzf}+jif{kl5 e]6\bf ;d]t gfdn] g} af]nfpg' x'GYof] .o:tf] Ifdtf sd}df x'g] u5{Ú, cfrfo{ zfSo eG5g\,…Ps k6s pxfF;Fu ;fIffTsf/ u/]sf ;fws ;flwsfpxfFsf k|z+;s ag]/ kmls{Gy] .Ú

k|]/s hLjgcfrfo{ uf]oGsfsf] hLjgsfndf ljZjel/ !&%

j6f Wofg s]Gb| lgdf{0f eP . tLdWo] Outk'/L -ef/t_ afx]s pgn] ;a}eGbf a9L ;do latfPsf]s]Gb| d'xfg kf]v/Ll:yt wDd>[Ë xf] . ljkZogfsfsltko k':ts cfrfo{ uf]oGsfn] oxL s]Gb|df n]v]sf5g\ . cfˆgf u'? nfdf] ;do sf7df8f}+df /xFbfpgn] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg cWofTdtkm{ ;dlk{t ul/;s]sflyP . of] ;g\ !(*) sf] cGTob]lv () bzssf]s'/f xf] . To;kl5 dbg afn] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg g}

ldng ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8kfsf], Go"/f]8, sf7df8f}, kmf]g M $@#!)#^, $@@@)^%, k\mofS; M $@!^!^&

;d|f6 czf]sn] ug'{ePsf] @@*! cf}+ z:q kl/Tofu lbj; tyfljhof bzdLsf] pknIodf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx?df ;'v, zflGt tyf

;Dj[l4sf] xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf Û


Wofg;Fu ;DalGwt sfddf ;dlk{t u/] . To;afkts]xL lnPgg\, lbP dfq} . slt;Dd eg] s]Gb|sf] ;a}sfd k"/f u/]/ dWo/flt cfˆg} 3/df af; a:gkmls{Gy] . kl5Nnf] ;do pgL wDd>[Ë glhs} k'v{Øf}nL;DklQaf6 vl/b u/]sf] 3/df a:b} cfPsf lyP .zf/Ll/s cf/fdsf] nflu pgL 5f]6f] ;do dfq;'Ty], w]/} ;do Wofg / ;]jfdf latfpFy] .

g]kfnsf] klxnf] ljkZogf Wofg s]Gb| wDd>[ËJoj:yfkgdf pgsf] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /Xof] . ;w}Fg} sl/a @ ;o ;fws Wofgdf /xg] s]Gb|df ;]jssf]vfFrf] kl//xG5 . ;f/} cK7Øf/f] k/] pgL cfkm}F;dfwfg lgsfNg cu|;/ x'Gy] . To;sf nflu pgn]k'/fgf ;fwsx?sf] Pp6f ;s{n g} tof/ kf/]sflyP . pgLx?df ;Ddfg l8u|L of] txdf lyof] lsdbg afn] k|:tfj ubf{ s;}n] …x'GgÚ eGb}gYof] .

ljkZogf cfrfo{ Pj+ pBf]uklt 8f= ?k Hof]ltpgn] Pp6f pbfx/0fLo hLjg afFr]sf] atfpF5g\ .…dbg bfO{n] h;/L cfˆgf] clGtd ;do;Dd wd{;]jf ug{'eof] Tof] xfd|f nflu k|]/s 5Ú, pgL eG5g\,…To;af6 xfdL ;a}n] k|/]0ff lng' kb{5 .Ú

lkmSsnsf] Wofg s]Gb|af6 ;"of]{bosf] ;'gf}nf]b[Zo b]lvG5 . ToxL eP/} s]Gb|sf] gfd} …wDd ;'l/of]Ú/flvPsf] 5 . w]/} ;fwssf] dgdf a:g ;kmndbg af ;"o{n] ljxfg} :kz{ ug]{ ToxLFaf6 c:tfP .k|f0f 5f]8\g] clGtd ;do;Dd klg pgL ;]jfd+} ;+nUg/x] . ebf} #! df sf7df8f}+af6 Onfd k'Ubf ToxfF!) lbg] lzlj/ ;~rfng eO/x]sf] lyof] . pgn]ToxfF clGtd Zjf; gTofu];Dd} sfd u/] . # c;f]hdf!) cf}+ lbgsf] d+un d}qLdf ;xefuL eP . s]Gb|lj:tf/sf cGo sfd u/] . /flt ;]ljsfx?nfO{lgb]{zg lbP . !! cf}+ lbg x'g] clGtd d}qLsf] s]xLefu k|jrg ;d]t ;'g] . To;kl5 /fqL cf/fdsfnflu uPsf pgL kmls{Pgg\ . lgjf;d} ;xh,zfGtk"j{s k|f0f Tofu] .

dbg afsf] lgwgn] xhf/f}+ ljkZogf ;fws:tAw ePsf 5g\ . cfhLjg cljjflxt pgsf] zj

x]lnsf]K6/af6 sf7df8f}+ NofP/ c;f]h $ ut] zf]efeujtLdf cGTo]li6 ul/Psf] 5 . 3f6df e]nf ePsfk'/fgf ;fwsn] Ps 3G6f ;fd"lxs ;fwgf u/LpgnfO{ clGtd >4f~hnL lbPsf 5g\ . pgn]hLjgdf ;a}eGbf w]/} ;do latfPsf] d'xfgkf]v/Ll:ytwDd>[Ëdf c;f]h !! ut] zlgaf/ laxfg * b]lv (ah];Dd ;fd"lxs ;fwgf cfof]hgf u/L pgLk|ltd+un d}qL ul/of] .

s] xf] ljkZogf<ljkZogf ;fwgf :jlg/LIf0fåf/f lrQz'4L ug]{

Wofg ljlw xf] . o;sf] cEof;n] dfG5]df b'Mvx6\b} hfG5 . dg, dl:tisdf å]if, 3[0ff sd eP/s?0ff, k|]dn] el/G5. ljkZogf Pp6f u}/;fDk|bflosWofg ljlw xf] . o;n] sxLF st} ;fDk|bflos 3]/fdfafFWb}g . @ xhf/ % ;o jif{cl3 g} nf]k eO;s]sf]of] Wofg k4ltnfO{ a'4n] vf]h u/L ljZje/ km}nfPsflyP . kl5Nnf] ;do ;Togf/fo0f uf]oGsfn] o;nfO{km]l/ ljZjJofkL agfPsf x'g\ .

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d}qLsf] If]q cgGt 5, oltplt eGg] g} x'Fb}g, oxfFpxfFeGg] g} 5}g . JolQmn] JolQmnfO{ ;fy} kz'k+IfLnfO{ klg d}qL/fVg' kb{5 eGg] s'/f t xfdLn] a'lem;Sof+} . ca xfdLx?n]lghL{jx?df klg s;/L d}qLk"0f{ Jojxf/ ug'{ kbf]{/x]5 eGg]s'/fnfO{ klg a'‰g] sf]lz; u/f}+ .

lghL{jdf klg s:tf] d}qL x'g' kb{5 eGg] s'/fdf;Gtx?n] s;/L ;Demfpg' x'G5, o;df ljrf/ u/f}+ M–

eGg] ul/G5 s'g} ;dodf Pp6f zx/df Pshgf;Gtsf] cfudg ePsf] lyof] . ltgL ;Gt clt k|efjzfnL/ k|l;4L k|fKt lyP . cfudgsf] va/ kfP/ zx/sf7"nf7"nf ;fx' dxfhg, kl08t, ljåfg ljrf/sx? ;Gt;Fusf];T;+usf]nflu cfP . To; zx/df csf]{ Pshgf dxfhgklg a:by] . pgL ;fx|} Jo:t vfnsf] JolQm lyP .To;sf/0f ;Gtx?sf] ;T;+utsf] cj;/ kfpFbf klg cfÎgf]Jo:ttfn] cfpg ToxfF ;s]sf lyPgg\ .

Ps lbg ;a} sfd 5f8L ;Gtsf] bz{g ug{ hfG5' egLldnfP/ cfP . ;GtnfO{ PSn} sf]7fdf a;]sf] b]v]/ v';Lx'Fb} uP . ;Gt s'g} Ps k':ts x]g{df Jo:t lyP .dxfhg w]/} xtf/df lyP . h'Qf vf]n]/ /fd|f];Fu gldnfO{9f]sf klg cfjfh cfpg] u/L vf]nL g9KSofOsg} x:ofËkm:ofË ub}{ leq k;] . cuf8L a;]/ xtf/d} ;GtnfO{ k|Zgklg u/] . ;Gtn] p;nfO{ x]/]/ s]lx gaf]nL km]l/ k':tsx]g{d} nfu] . Jo:t dxfhg km]l/ 56\k6fof] . dnfO{ km";{b5}g s[kof d]/f] k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'eP hfg] lyPF eg]/ km]l/;f]Wof] . of] ;'g]/ ;Gtn] k'gM p;nfO{ k'n{'Ss x]/L s]xLgaf]nL k':tsd}+ Wofg nufP . of] b]v]/ dxfhg emg\cflQof] . t];|f] kN6 p;n] k|Zg ;f]4f aNn ;Gtn] eg]–ltd|f] k|Zgsf] pQ/ clxNo} xF'b}g . ltdL s;/L oxfF cfof}cfkm}+nfO{ /fd|/L x]/ . h'Qf klg /fd|/L ldnfP/ /fv]sf]5}g . klxn] h'Qf /fd|f];Fu ldnfpm / h'Qf;Fu ulNtePsf]df dfkm dfu]/ cfpm clg k|Zg ;f]w, dxfhgn] l9nfu/] c? lanDa x'g] xf] ls eGg] 7fg]/ h'?Ss p7]/ aflx/uO{ bfofFsf] / afofFsf] h'Qf ldnfof] / eGof]—

x] h'Qf dnfO{ dfkm u/, cl3 d}n] xtf/df ltdLnfO{

gldnfO{ nftn] xfgL otfptL kf/]/ uPF, ulNt eof] eGb}dfkm dfu]/ ;Gtsf] cl3lNt/ uP/ a:of] . pQ/ dfUof] .;Gtn] eg]— cem} a]nf ePsf] 5}g ltdL cfpFbf 9f]sf s;/Lvf]n]/ cfof} clg aGb klg u/]sf 5}gf} x]/ t km]l/ /fd|f];Fucfkm}+nfO{, hfpm 9f]sf /fd|/L aGb u/]/ cfpm, 9f]sf;FudfkmL dfu/]/ cfpm . dxfhg emg Jou| eof] . p7]/ 9f]sfcfjfh gcfpg] u/L aGb u¥of] clg xft hf]8L eGof] dnfO{dfkm u/, cl3 d}n] ltdLnfO{ s7f]/tfk"j{s Jojxf/ u/]+ ./fd|/L aGb klg ul/g+ . cfjfh cfpg] u/L vf]n]/ xlNnPs}cj:yfdf 5f8]/ uPF . dnfO{ Ifdf u/, olt egL dxfhgca t ePg egL xf]; ;DxfNb} ;+odtfk"j{s / cg'zfl;ttl/sfn] ;Gtsf] glhs uP/ a:of] . clg dfq ;Gtn]p;sf] s'/f Wofg lbP/ ;'gL To;sf] pQ/ klg lrQa'‰g]u/L lbP/ k7fP . o; 36gfn] xfdLnfO{ oxL s'/fsf] ;+s]tub{5 . xfdLn] ug]{ ;–;fgf s'/fdf klg d}qLk"0f{ tl/sfn]Jojxf/ ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . cd}qLk"0f{ Jojxf/n] alg/x]sf] jftfj/0fklg lalu|P/ hfG5 . To;}n] ;+;f/sf] b[Zo cb[Zo h8r]tg ;Dk"0f{ tTjdf d}qLk"0f{ Jojxf/ ug{ l;Sg'k5{, h;n]ubf{ c?sf] klg sNof0f x'ghfG5 .

xfd|f] rf/}lt/ k|s[lts ;}Gbo{sf b[Zox? b]lvG5g\ .o;df klg xfdLn] s;/L d}qLk"0f{ Jojxf/ u/L s;/L;+/If0f ug'{ kb{5 eGg] s'/fsf klg ljrf/ ug'{ kb{5 .k|s[ltsf cfgGbsf 7fpFx?nfO{ ;a} ldn]/ ;+/If0f u/f+},k|s[ltdf cfgGbn] al;/x]sf k|f0fLnfO{ vnan gkf/f}+ .o;sf] ;+/If0f ePg eg] cGTodf xfdLnfO{ g} of] wtL{dfafFRg d'l:sn k5{ . ;a}df d}qLk"0f{ Jojxf/ ug{ l;sf}+ .afFr / afFRg b]p eGg] ljrf/nfO{ lng] u/f}+ .

æejt' ;Aa d+und\Æ;Gbe{ u|Gy M;Gbe{ u|Gy M;Gbe{ u|Gy M;Gbe{ u|Gy M;Gbe{ u|Gy M

!_ leIf' ;+3/lIft, ltlk6s Ps kl/ro, ;To;Gb]zk|sfzg, sf7df8f}+ lj=;+= @)&)

@_ ;'Qlk6s] c+u'Q/lgsfof], Outk'/L ljkZogf ljzf]wgljGof;, O{=;= !((*

#_ ;'Qlk6s] v'2slgsfo], wd{kbkfln, Outk'/L ljkZogfljzf]wg ljGof;, O{=;= !((*

$_ leIf' cd[tfgGb -cg'_ wDdkb sf7df8f}+ cfgGbs'6Lljxf/ u'7L, lj=;= @)%&

KKKKK


zlQm:j?kf b'uf{ ejfgLk|lt cf:yfjfg eP/ klg dgj/flqe/ zlQmkL7df hfg] /x/ ulb{g . ToxfFsf]/Qm/l~ht e"lddf kfp /fVg] ;fdYo{ ddf 5}g .

x/]s b;}+df d cfk\mg} 3/sf] k"hf:yfgdf b'uf{dftf:yfkgf u/]/ k"hf u5{' . plxn] b]jLsf] dlGb/df dflg;n];fgf eP sfvL Rofk]/ clg 7"nf eP l3;f/]/ nu]sflgd'vf kz'nfO{ aln r9fP/ elQm k|bz{g ub}{ OR5fl;l4sf]sfdgf u/]sf] b]Vbf d]/f] dfgjtf s'l07t ePsf] lyof] .Psflt/ xfdL lxGb' ;gftg k/Dk/fsf cg'ofoL b'uf{ejfgLnfO{ dftf eG5f} + ,csf { lt/ ltg } dftfsf ]dlGb/df pgs} ;Gtfgsf]aln r9fOlbG5f}+ . of] s:tf]lj/f]wfefif xf] < hut hggLdftf eGgfn] ;Dk"0f{ hut,hLj–hLjfTdf ;a}sL cfdfx'g\, t/ dfG5]n] pgnfO{ a8f]rt'{ofO+Fk"j{s cfˆgLdfq cfdfagfP/ cGo k|f0fLsL eIfsdf?kfGtl/t ul/lbof] . o:tf]k/Dk/fsf] cf/De sxfFaf6 / s;/L eof], vf]hLsf] ljifoxf] . wd{–;+:s[ltsf gfddf xTof–lx+;fn] lg/Gt/tf kfO/xg'dfgj ;Eotfsf nflu zf]egLo b]lvF+b}g .

x'g t dfG5]s} afFRg kfpg] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttfu'ld/x]sf] jt{dfgdf kz' clwsf/sf] k|;Ë c;fGble{sdfq geP/ d'v{tfk"0f{ b[li6sf]0f x'g;S5 . t/ wd{sf]dd{ ljk/Lt :yflkt aln k|yfaf/] k|Zg p7fpg' ;r]tgful/ssf] bfloTj xf] . h'g;'s} wd{sf] d"n;Dd k'Ug] xf]eg] hLjg–hutsf] sNof0f g} To;sf] ceLi6 /x]sf]b]lvG5 . lxGb'wd{cGtu{tsf c7f/ k'/f0fsf] ;f/df …k/f]ksf/k'0ofoM kfkfoM k/kL8gdÚ cyf{t\ csf{sf] pksf/ ug{'wd{ xf] eg] c?nfO{ kL8f lbg' kfk xf] eGg] efjgf lglxtb]lvG5 . o:tf] lxGb' ;gftg k/Dk/fdf k|rlnt alnk|yfsf]

cf}lrTodfly k|Zg p7fpg' cfhsf] cfjZostf alg/x]sf]5 . lsgeg] of] k/f]ksf/ / k/kL8g s]jn dfgjhfltsf ;Gbe{df ;Lldt t 5}g xf]nf . k|frLg ;dodfClifsf cf>ddf lgjf{w ?kdf qmL8f/t d[uzfjsx?sf]k|;Ën] klg o;sf] k'li6 u/]sf] b]lvG5 . tL Clif tyf;Gtx?sf] ;flTjs hLjgz}nL tyf bofn' :jefjn]

lxGb' k/Dk/fdf /x]sf ]clx+;fsf] dd{af]w u/fpF5 .

b ] j tyf b fgjhGdhft geP/ :jefjhGoleGgtf x'g\ . xTof, lx+;f,cft+s, df+;–dlb/fåf/fk| ]l/t ju{sf] r]tgfnfO{cx+sf/n] bafPsf] x'gfn] tLb}To ju{df k/]sf] / bof,s?0 f f / ;f l TjshLjgz}nL ePsf ;Tosf

cg'ofoLx? b]jtf ag]sf] k|;Ë ljleGg wfld{sldysx?df kfOG5 . alnsf] k|rng klg tflGqs l;l4k|flKtsf nflu ul/g] cg'i7fgx?df /x]sf] b]lvG5 .tflGqs ljlwåf/f zlQm k|fKt u/]/ ;+;f/df cfˆgf]k|e'Tj sfod ug{sf nflu b'i6 k|j[lQaf6 ul/g] alnhGolx+;fnfO{ sfnfGt/df alnof dflg;n] lgwf{dfly cfˆgf]k|e'Tj sfod ug{ k|bz{g ug]{ zlQmsf ?kdf cg'z/0fub}{ cfPsf] x'g;S5 . dflg;n] b]jL–b]jtfnfO{ alnr9fpg af3, efn', xfQL cflbh:tf lx+;|s clg zlQmzfnLkz' geP/ /fFuf, af]sf, s'v'/f, xfF; cflbh:tf lgwf{kz'–kG5L rog u/]sf] 5 .

csf{sf] hLjgsf] aln r9fP/ cfˆgf] sNof0fsf]sfdgf ug]{ of] k/Dk/fn] dfgjLo d"No–dfGotfnfO{ r'gf}tL

zlQm k"hf / aln k|yf

;fwgf k|tLIff — dxfsfnLn] /Qmlahsf] /Qmkfg hutsf]/Iffy{ / cfz'/L cTofrf/ cGTosf nflu u/]sLlyOg\ . kz'sf] /utn] g'xfOlbP/ b]jLnfO{ v';Lkfg{ vf]Hg' e|ddfq} xf] .


lbO/x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] d'n'sdf k6s–k6s k|hftGq:yfkgfsf nflu 7"n7"nf qmflGt ePsf 5g\ . t/;dfgtf / ;xcl:tTjsf] ;+:s[lt :yflkt x'g ;ls/x]sf]5}g . zlQmk"hfdf x'g] alnk|yfn] ;dfgtf / ;xcl:tTj;lxtsf] k|hftflGqs d"No–dfGotfnfO{ r'gf}tL lbPsf]b]lvG5 .

b]jL b'uf{ ejfgLnfO{ cljjflxt / ;GtfgsL dftfklg gePsf] eGg] wfld{s ldysx? gePsf xf]Ogg\ .;[li6sf] cf/De clg lqb]j tyf lqb]jLsf ;Gbe{df pgLlzjsL cwf{lËgL kfj{tL g} x'g\ . pgnfO{ lzjsf] zlQmsf?kdf klg dflgG5 . lzj cyf{t\ k'?if / zlQm cyf{t\k|s[ltsf] ;+of]uaf6} ;[li6 ;~rflnt ePsf] dflgG5 .o;sf] ;fIfLsf ?kdf cw{gf/LZj/ O{Zj/nfO{ lng;lsG5 . lqb]jL cyf{t\ dxfsfnL, dxfnIdL tyfdxf;/:jtLnfO{ qmdzM zlQm, j}ej tyf ljBfsL b]jLsf?kdf k'lhG5 . b]jLsf oL tLg} :j?ksf] PsfTdstfnfO{b]jL dftfsf] gfdn] k'sfl/G5 . To;}n] b]jLnfO{ hutdftf,huthggL cflb ;Daf]wgåf/f r/fr/ hutsL cfdfdflgPsf] 5 . o:tL cfdfnfO{ pgs} ;Gtfgsf] aln:jLsfo{ xf]nf / < dxfsfnL nufot b]jLsf c;+Vo:j?kx?sf ;Gbe{df klg pgn] alnsf] dfu u/]sf]k|;Ë sxL+ st} kfOFb}g . b]jLsf o:t} :j?kdWo] l5Ggd:tfb]jLsf] k|;Ëdf pgn] kz'xTofsf] lj/f]wdfq u/]sL5}gg\, kz'sf] hLjg/Iffsf nflu cfˆg} lz/;d]t 5]bgu/]sL 5g\ . d[usf] jw u/]/ /Qmkfg ug{ tTk/ hof–ljhof gfds bfgjLx?nfO{ b]jLn] /f]s]/ cGo ef]hgug{eGbf pgLx?n] cfkm"x?sf] cfxf/f /utdfq ePsf] /To;sf] cefjdf cfˆgf] hLjg/Iff x'g g;Sg] c8fglnPkl5 b]jLn] d[u tyf pgLx? b'j} kIfsf] hLjg/Iffsfnflu cfˆgf] d:ts cyf{t\ zL/ 5]bg u/]/ /utn] t[Ktkf/]sf] k|;Ë kfOG5 . ;Kt/Lsf] l5Ggd:tf b]jLsf] d"lt{tyf tl:a/n] of] ldysLo ;Gbe{nfO{ k|:6\ofO/x]sf] 5 .

b]jLsf] /Qmkfgsf] ;Gbe{ /Qmlah gfds bfgjsf]jw;Fu ;DalGwt b]lvG5 . /utsf] Pp6f yf]kf hldgdfv:gf;fy To;af6 c;+Vo bfgj pTkGg x'g] j/bfgkfPsf] /Qmlahsf] cGTosf nflu dxfsfnLn] pu| ?kwf/0f u/]/ p;sf] ;a} /ut lkP/ df/]sf] k|;ËnfO{cfwf/ agfP/ b]jLnfO{ aln lbg] k|rng cf/De ePsf]x'g;S5 . dxfsfnLn] /Qmlahsf] /Qmkfg hutsf] /Iffy{/ cfz'/L cTofrf/ cGTosf nflu u/]sL lyOg\ . kz'sf]

/utn] g'xfOlbP/ b]jLnfO{ v';L kfg{ vf]Hg' e|dafx]ss]xL x'g ;Sb}g .

h;n] h'g ljz]iftf wf/0f u/]sf] 5, ToxL g}p;sf] wd{ xf] . dfgjsf] ljz]iftf lx+;f / cTofrf/xf]Og, sNof0f / ;bfrf/ xf] . dfgj lgld{t x'gfn];+:s[lt ¿9L geP/ kl/jt{gzLn x'g'k5{ t/ lj8DagfxfdLsxfF alnk|yfsf] cGwfg's/0f dfq geP/ of] t…la/fnf] afFWg]Ú ¿9Ls} ?kdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . b'uf{ :yfkgfu/]kl5 ;Sg]n] af]sfsf] aln lbG5g\ eg] g;Sg]n]s'leG8f], km;L{ jf l3/f+}nf cflb g} eP klg To;dfsf7sf] l;ª, v'§f, k'R5/ cflb agfP/ df/ xfGg] rng5 . ljz]ifu/L zfsfxf/Lx? o;/L t/sf/L jf kmnkm"nnfO{k|tLsfTds ¿df kz' dfg]/ aln lbg] u5{g\, h'g cfkm}dfxf:of:kb b]lvG5 . dfgj lgld{t wd{–;+:s[ltleqsfo:tf c;fGble{s k|rng x6fOg'k5{ .

df+;fxf/ dflg;sf] OR5fsf] ljifo xf] . cfˆgf]OR5fnfO{ O{Zj/ / wd{;Fu hf]8\g'eGbf To;af6 k[ys\u/]/ k'/f ul/g'k5{ . b;}+, ltxf/h:tf kj{nfO{ x/]s;d'bfon] cf–cfˆg} k/Dk/f cg';f/ dgfpg] x'gfn]vfgkfg klg ;f]xL cg';f/ ul/G5 . cf–cfˆgf] uR5]cg';f/ df;' vfg', /dfOnf] ug{', kj{ dgfpg' ;a}sf]clwsf/ xf] . t/ o;nfO{ wfld{s k|of]hg;Fu cfa4u/]/ O{Zj/sf kljq wfdx?nfO{ /utfDo] kfg{' pko'Qmb]lv+Fb}g .

;To, clx+;f, Gofo, sNof0f cflbh:tf ljz]iftfaxg u/]sf] O{Zj/Lo tTj / To;}sf cfwf/df lgld{twfld{s d"No–dfGotfsf] ckJofVof ul/+Fb} hfg'n] cfhdflg;df gfl:tstfsf] ljsf; x'g'sf ;fy} pm dfgjLod"No–dfGotfaf6 ;d]t ljd'v aGb} u}/x]sf] b]lvG5 .zlQm k"hfsf gfddf wfld{s :yndf e}/x]sf] alnk|yfn]alnofsf] zlQm k|bz{g / lgwf{dflysf] bdgsf] Bf]tgul//x]sf] 5 . zlQm ;+3if{, lx+;f, cftÍaf6 ;dfh,/fi6« clg ;Dk"0f{ ljZj ;d'bfo cfqmfGt e}/x]sf] jt{dfgkl/j]zdf zflGtsf] sfdgf tyf ljZjzflGt :yfkgfsfnflu alnk|yf cGTo emg} ;fGble{s aGb} u}/x]sf] 5 .dfgj ;dfh cfˆgf wfld{s–;f+:s[lts d"No–dfGotfaf6lgb]{lzt x'g]x'Fbf lx+;fsf] Go'gLs/0fsf nflu wfld{s–;f+:s[lts cEof;nfO{ kl/dfh{g ul/g' cfjZos 5 .o;sf nflu zlQmk"hfsf ;Gbe{df e}/x]sf] alnk|yfnfO{lg?T;flxt ul/g'k5{ . K


…g]kfndf y]/jfb a'4wd{ cfofltt xf]Ú, …g]kfndfy]/jfb a'4;f;gsf] k'ghf{u/0f jf k'g?Tyfg eof]eGg' unt 5Ú, …g]kfndf y]/jfb lelqPsf] @)cf}+ztflAbdf dfq xf]Ú cflb s'/fx? clxn] ;'GgdfcfO/x]sf] kfOG5 . t jf:tljstf s] xf] eGg]lt/vf]tNbf lgDg s'/fx?nfO{ Wofg lbg' pko'Qm b]lvgcfpF5 M

!= af]lw;Tj l;4fy{ -kl5 uf}td a'4_ sf] hGdO;fk"j{ ^@# -s;} s;}n] %^# klg eGg] ub{5_ dfn'lDagLdf ePsf] s'/f ljZjn] dfGb} cfPsf 5g\ .n'lDagL jt{dfg g]kfnsf] blIf0f klZrd t/fO{ -k|b]z g+= %_ cGtu{t ?kGb]xL lhNnfdf kb{5 .o;y{df …a'4 jfh ag{ Og g]kfnÚ sf] gf/f u'GhfodfgeO/x]sf] kfOG5 .

@= l;4fy{sf a'af z'4f]bg slknj:t's} /fhflyP .

#= dxf/fgL dxfdfofb]jL, k|hfklt uf}tdLsfdfOlt b]jbxdf lyof] . l;4fy{sL kTgL ozf]w/fsf]dfOlt klg b]jbxd} xf] . b]jbx xfn g]kfns}e"efudf kb{5 .

$= l;4fy{n] a'4Tjk|flKt kl5 klxnf] wd{rqmk|jt{g-wd{ pkb]z_ ug'{ePsf] lyof] ;f/gfy, jf/f0fzLdf,t/ >f]tfx? slknj:t's} kfFrhgf a|fXd0fx?sf}08Go, jKk, el2o, dxfgfd / c:;lht lyP .-lqlk6scGtu{t ;'Qlgkft tyf ljgolk6s, dxfjUu_

%= l;4fy{ a'4 eP eGg] z'e;dfrf/ ;'g]//fhf z'4f]bgn] pxfFnfO{ cfkm\gf] b]zdf lgdGq0ffug{ Ps Ps xhf/sf b/n] bzk6s u/L bzxhf/zfSok'qx?nfO{ /fhu[x k7fP . tL ;a}nfO{ a'4n]leIf' agfO{lbP . -hfts cÝsyf, ;lGts] lgbfg_

^= a'4Tj k|flKtsf] Psjif{kl5 a'4:jo+ slknj:t'

cfpg'eO{ /fhf z'4f]bgnfO{ dfu{kmndf k|ltli7tu/fP . /fx'n, gGbnufotnfO{ leIf' agfP . -hftscÝsyf, ;lGts] lgbfg_

&= kl5 /fhf z'4f]bgsf] kl/lgjf{0f -b]xfj;fg_x'Fbf klg a'4 slknj:t' k'Ug'eof] . -y]/Lufyf cÝsyf_

*= c+u'Q/lgsfo cÝsyfg';f/ a'4n] cfkm\gf]leIf';+3df /x]sf ;Ifd / of]Uo leIf'x? dWo] $!hgfnfO{ …PtbUuÚ cyf{t\ …cu|tdÚsf] kbjL k|bfgu/]sf lyP . ltgLx? dWo] leIf' cfgGbnfO{ kfFrj6fkbjL, cg'?4, pkfln, /fx'n, gGbnfO{ Ps Psj6f kbjL lbPsf lyP . To;}ul/ PtbUuk|fKt !#hgf leIf'0fLx? dWo] dxfk|hfklt uf}tdL, ozf]w/f-e2f sRrfogf_ / gGbf :ylj/fnfO{ PsPs j6fkbjL lbPsf lyP . PtbUu kbk|fKt !) hgfpkf;sx? dWo] dxfgfd zfSo klg Ps lyP .-lqlk6scGtu{t ;"qlk6ssf ] kf Frf } + lgsfoc+u'Qlgsfo, Pss lgkft, rf}wf}+ ju{_ .

oL dfly plNnlvt ;a} dxfg'efjx? slknj:t's}lgjf;L lyP . ;fy} slknj:t' lgjf;L y'k|} JolQmx?leIf' ePsf lyP .

(= a'4n] $% jif{;Dd lbg'ePsf pkb]zx? a'4dxfkl/lgjf{0fsf] tLg dlxgf kl5 %)) hgf cx{t\leIf'x?sf] ;d"xn] ;+u|x u/L kfln …lqlk6sÚ v8fu/] .

!)= ;f]xL kfln …lqlk6sÚ / a'4n] agfpg'ePsflgodx? cIf/zM kfngf ug]{ leIf'x?sf] ;d"xnfO{

g]kfndf y]/jfb a'4;f;g slxn]b]lv <

dbg/Tg dfgGw/;x k|fWofks, lqrGb| ax'd'vL SofDk;

— g]kfndf y]/jfb a'4;f;g a'4sfnb]lvg} /x]sf], of] st}af6 cfofltt gePsf] eGg]lgSof}{n lgl:sG5 . hxfF;Dd k'ghf{u/0fsf] ;jfn5, laNs'n} ;'Gg, b]Vg 5f]8]sf] cj:yfdf k'u]sf]nfO{k'gM b]Vg jf ;'Gg kfpg'nfO{ k'ghf{u/0f jfk'g?Tyfg eGbf cTo'lQm xf]nf h:tf] nfUb}g, cfu]kf7sx?sf] hf] ljrf/ .


…y]/jfbLÚ jf …:ylj/jfbLÚ elgof] . ltgLx?sf]k/Dk/fnfO{ …y]/jfb k/Dk/fÚ, ltgLx?n] dfGg]a'4lzIffnfO{ …y]/jfb a'4wd{Ú cyjf …y]/jfb a'4;f;gÚelgof] .

!!= eujfg\ a'4sf] hLjdfg sfnd} slknj:t'lelqPsf] pxfFsf] lzIff y]/jfb a'4;f;g jf y]/jfba'4wd{ g} dflgG5 .

!@= kl5 slknj:t'df lj8'8en] dRrfPsf] cfdg/;+xf/sf sf/0fn] ToxfFaf6 knfog ePsf dflg;x?g]kfnsf ljleGg e"efudf a;fO ;/fOF u/] / sf7df8f}+pkTosfdf klg 8]/f hdfP . pgLx?sf ;fy leIf'x?klg cfPsf lyP / tL kSs} klg y]/jfbL leIf'x?g} lyP . pgLx? u[x:yLx?sf 3/df a:g gldNg]ePsfn] kSs} klg ljxf/x? agfO{ a;] xf]nfg\ eGg]c8\sn ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/L g]kfnd08n elgg]sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf a'4s} ;dodf y]/jfb a'4wd{n]k|j]z u/] .

!#= g]kfnsf ] Oltxf;df lnR5ljsfndfg]kfnd08ndf y]/jfb a'4;f;gsf] /fd|};Fu k|rf/k|;f/eO{ /fHowd{s} ?kdf :yflkt eof] . t;y{ Tof];donfO{ …:j0f{o'uÚ klg elgof] .

!$= kl5 lxGb", d'l:nd, O;fO{ cflbsf] cltqmd0f/ /fHosf] klg c;xof]usf sf/0fn] sf7df8f}+pkTosfdf y]/jfb a'4wd{ s]xL cf]em]ndf kl/of] .leIf'x?nfO{ rLj/ km'sfNg nufO{ ha/hl:t u[x:yLagfO{of] . -l;Nef+ n]eL, g]kfn, bf]>f] v08_

!%= ha/hl:t u[x:yL hLjgdf k7fOPsfleIf'x?n] zfSo, jh|frfo{ y/ /fvL a'4k"hf, k|j|Hof-a/] 5'Ou'_ cflb sd{sf08nfO{ hLljt /fv] . tyfy]/jfb ljxf/x?nfO{ axfn, axL gfdfs/0f u/L;+/If0f u/] xf]nfg\ eGg] cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5 .

!^= /f0ffsfndf klg a'4wd{nfO{ /fHon] bdgu/]s} sf/0f g]kfnaf6 kfFrhgf g]kfnL £on'+ -ltAatL k/Dk/fsf leIf'x?_ nfO{ lj= ;+= !(*!;fndf b]z lgsfnf u/] . -g]kfno\ :ylj/jfb u'sy+jMu' vM, nfsf}n a}s'07 k|;fb, @)$@, k[= &!_

!&= To;dWo]s} Ps £on'+ leIf' dxfk|1fn] lj=;+= !(*% ;fndf s'zLgu/df y]/jfbL >fd0f]/ k|j|Hof

lnP, h;nfO{ cfw'lgs g]kfnsf] klxnf] y]/jfbLleIf'sf] ?kdf lnOG5 .

!*= lj= ;+= !(*& ;fndf s'zLgu/d} >fd0f]/k|j|lht eO{ sf7df8f}+df kx]Fnf] rLj/wf/L leIf'sf]?kdf leIff6g ug]{ sd{zLn eGt] -kl5 ;+3dxfgfosleIf' k|1fgGb dxf:ylj/, sf7df8f}+ Ot'Daxfnsfk"j{ u[x:yL s'ndfgl;+x a}B_ nfO{ cfw'lgs g]kfndfy]/jfb a'4wd{sf] k'ghf{u/0fstf{sf] ?kdf lnOof] .To;kl5 g]kfndf y]/jfbL leIf' / cgfufl/sfu'?df+x?sf] ;+Vof qmlds ?kdf a[l4 x'Fb} cfPsf]b]lvG5 .

!*= of]eGbf cufl8 ef/tdf k9\g uPsf kf6gsfhutdfg a}B -wdf{lbTo wdf{rfo{_ n] ef/taf6}…a'4wd{ j g]kfnefiffÚ gfds klqsf 5kfP/ g]kfndfy]/jfbsf] k|rf/ k|;f/sf] yfngL z'? u/]sf] b]lvG5-nfsf}n_ .

@)= ;dosf] cGt/fndf s'g} klg Joj:yf,;+:yfsf] pTyfg / ktg x'g' s'g} gf}nf] s'/f /x]g .t;y{ g]kfndf klg y]/jfb a'4;f;g s'g} a]nflzv/df k'Uof] eg] s'g} a]nf x/fPem}+ u/L cf]em]ndfklg k/] . ;fy} Oltxf; n]vgstf{n] To;nfO{gh/cGbfh u/]sf] klg x'g;Sg] jf /fHon] g}pNn]v ug{ glbPsf] ;DefjgfnfO{ klg gsfg{;ls+b}g . pbfx/0fsf nflu lj= ;+= @))) ;fndfg]kfnaf6 y]/jfbL leIf'x?nfO{ b]z lgsfnf u/]sf]-nfsf}n, k[= *%_ ;dfrf/ To;a]nfsf ;/sf/L d'vkquf]/vfkqdf 5flkPsf] b]lv+b}g, hals tL lgisflztleIf'x?sf] lgisfzg km's'jf u/]sf] ;dfrf/ lj= ;+=@))# ;fnsf] uf]/vfkqdf 5kfOof] .

@!= dfly plNnlvt ;a} s'/fsf] cfwf/dfg]kfndf y]/jfb a'4;f;g a'4sfnb]lv g} /x]sf],of] st}af6 cfofltt gePsf] eGg] lgSof}{n lgl:sG5 .hxfF;Dd k'ghf{u/0fsf] ;jfn 5, laNs'n} ;'Gg,b]Vg 5f]8]sf] cj:yfdf k'u]sf]nfO{ k'gM b]Vg jf;'Gg kfpg'nfO{ k'ghf{u/0f jf k'g?Tyfg eGbf cTo'lQmxf]nf h:tf] nfUb}g, cfu] kf7sx?sf] hf] ljrf/ ..

KKKKK


wdf{Tdf b'MvL k|f0fLx?sf] p4f/df Jo:t

nf]saxfb'/ zfSo

dfgjx? / b]jtfx? a'4wd{sf] cEof; u5{g\, h'gwd{n] o; nf]ssf] hLjgdf k|d'v dxTj lbG5g\ . of]cEof;leq bfg, zLn / efjgfsf tLg pkb]zx?kb{5g\ . >fjsx?n] cEof; u/]sf a'4wd{n] k|1f,IfflGt -w}o{_ / af]lw1fgsf nflu lg/Gt/ nflu/xgcfWoflTds k|of;df d'Vo hf]8 lbG5g\ . xfdLn] oxLdg'io nf]sdf g} k"0f{ ?kn] afFRg' / cEof; ug'{k5{ . of];+;f/ kf/ ug{ k|of;df nflu/xg] >fjssf ;a} u'0fx?/ anx?nfO{ cfkm"df ljsf; ug{ xfdLn] cEof; ug'{k5{ .oL dfly pNn]v ePsf ljleGg wf/x?sf s'/fx?nfO{;+Zn]if0f / ;dGjo u/L xfdLn] c?nfO{ d2t u/Lcfkm}nfO{ d2t ug{ l;Sg'k5{ . o:tf] u/]df a'4nf]sdfk'Ug] k|d'v / clGtd k'/:sf/ xfdLn] k|fKt ug]{5f}+ .

;4d{k'08l/s;"qdf a'4 eGg'x'G5, æd Pp6} wd{sf]af/] af]N5', b'O{ / tLg wd{sf af/] xf]Og .Æ o:tf] s'/feGg'x'Fbf a'4 ;a} b'MvL k|f0fLx?sf] p4f/ ug{ af]lw;Tjkyaf/] af]ln/xg'ePsf] lyof] . u'0fx?sf cgluGtL:j?kx? 5g\, t/ cflv/df ltgLx? ;a}nfO{ tLgcfwf/e"t zLif{sx?df Pslqt ug{ ;lsG5— zLnx?sf]kfngf, Wofgefjgf / k|1f ;fwf/0f cy{df eGg] xf] eg]oL tLg geO{ gx'g] u'0fx?o'Qm jf rfl/lqs Jojxf/nfO{ldlxg]tk"j{s cEof;ubf{ nf]e, c1fg / /L;h:tf g/fd|fcju'0fx? jf /f]ux?af6 xfdL cfkm"nfO{ d'Qm kfg{;S5f}+ . w}o{k"j{s lg/Gt/ ?kn] oL u'0fx?sf] cEof;dfnflu/xFbf xfdLx? xfd|f :jefj / rl/qnfO{ pTs[i6:t/dfk'¥ofpg, efjgfnfO{ rf]Vofpg -rf]vf] agfpg_, d}qLu'0fx?nfO{ cem a9L ;d[4 / ljsf; ug{ / xfd|fhLjgsf ljljw If]qx?df k|efjzfnLtfnfO{ a9fpgyfN5f}+ .

dxfj}k'No–dxf;lGgkft;"qn] eG5, æzLnkfng, Wofgefjgf / k|1fÆ ct'ngLo wf/0fL g} x'g\ . ltgLx? tLz lQ m x 'g \ , h;n ] z/ L/ -sfo_ j fs-af]ln_ / lrQåf/f x'g] ;a} sd{x?nfO{ wf]OlbG5g\,

;kmf ul/lbG5g\ / To:tf u'0fx? ePsfnfO{ ;a}dflg;x?n] dgk/fO lbG5g\ . wd{nfO{ k"0f{?kdf kmnbfosagfpg xfdLx?n] k':tsx? / kqklqsfx?nfO{k|sfzgdf Nofpg' kb{5, cfjZos s'/fx? l;sfpg' /To;cg'?k sfo{x? klg ug'{kb{5 . hxfF;'s} ePklgxfdLn] c?nfO{ d2t ug{ / wd{k|rf/ ug{ xfd|f cfkm\gfzlQmx? / phf{x? vr{ ug'{k5{ . jh|R5]lbsf k|1fkf/ldtf;"qdf a'4 eGg'x'G5— h'g;'s} tl/sfåf/f c08hM,:j]bhM, h/fo'h tyf cf}kkfbs k|lqmofåf/f hGd ePsf;a} k|f0fLx?sf] d /Iff ub{5' . s;}nfO{ g5'§ØfO{ dltgLx? ;a}nfO{ lg?kflwz]if lgjf{0f;Dd k'¥ØfpF5' .s;}nfO{ klg afFsL g5f8L ;a} k|f0fLx?nfO{ d arfpg]5' .

o; egfOåf/f xfdL a'em\b5f}+, a'4n] cfkm" / c?dfs'g} lje]b b]Vg'ePg . xfdLn] c?nfO{ d2t ubf{ cfkm"nfO{g} d2t ul//x]sf x'G5f}+ . c?nfO{ d2t ug'{sf] cy{pgLx?nfO{ ef}lts ?kdf d2t ug'{ dfq xf]Og . a'4wd{af/]af]w u/fpg d2t ug'{ lgs} dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf], lsgeg]a'4wd{sf] cEof;åf/f g} ltgLx?n] cfkm}nfO{ g} d2tul//x]sf x'G5g\ . a'4wd{n] pgLx?nfO{ lgjf{0f;Dd8f]¥ofpF5 . oxL k|sfzg / lzIf0fsf] dfWodåf/fwd{k|rf/k|;f/ ug{ xfdL k"0f{ ?kdf h'6\g ;s]sf] v08dfof] nIok|fKt x'g]5 .

o:tf ;f+:s[lts sfo{snfkx?åf/f ljZjsf ljleGgefudf wd{ km}nfpg / oqtq ;a}lt/sf dflg;x?nfO{wd{af/] lzlIft ug]{ xfdL k|efjzfnL ;fwg jf sf/stTjaGg ;S5f}+ . ;"qx?sf w]/} Znf]sx?n] wd{k|rf/sfu'0fufg ufPsf 5g\ . af/Daf/ w]/}kN6 tL Znf]sx?n]ef}lts bfg jf pbf/tfsf xhf/f}+ sfo{x? eGbf wd{—

— zLnx?sf] kfngf, Wofgefjgf / k|1f;fwf/0f cy{df eGg] xf] eg] oL tLg geO{ gx'g]u'0fx?o'Qm jf rfl/lqs Jojxf/nfO{ ldlxg]tk"j{scEof;ubf{ nf]e, c1fg / /L;h:tf g/fd|f cju'0fx?jf /f ]ux?af6 xfdL cfkm "nfO{ d'Qm kfg{;S5f}+ .


k|rf/k|;f/sf] Pp6f l;+uf] sfo{n] w]/} k'0o k|bfg ub{5eGg] s'/f atfpF5g\ . s?0ff / k|rf/k|;f/n] cglulGtk|f0fLx?nfO{ c1fgtfsf] vt/faf6 arfpg]5g\ /ltgLx?sf] o; ;+;f/df htftt} ;j{sflns k|efj5f8\g] 5g\ .

oL ;a} sf/0fx?sf nflu :yfkgf -hGd_ ePb]lvljkt / k|sf]k p4f/ sfo{qmdx?df dfq geO{ w]/}cGt/f{li6«o lqmofsnfkx? h:t} o'jfx?sf nflu lzlj/,cGt/f{li6«o ;b\efjgf e|d0f, cGt/f{li6« cWoog ;d"x,ljZj af}4 k/LIff, cGt/f{li6«o ;f+:s[lts cfbfgk|bfgsfo{qmdx?df la=Pn=cfO=P= ;lqmo x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ .To:tf lqmofsnfkx?sf ;fy la=Pn=cfO=P=n] af}4cWoogsf nflu 5fqj[lQx? k|bfg ub{5 . o;n] h]gaf}4 ljgox? k"/f k|sfzg u/sf] 5 . !! j6f efudftL ljgox?sf k|ltlnlkx? ljZjsf k':tsfnox? /JolQmx?nfO{ afFl8Psf 5g\ .

->f]t M a'4Hof]lt o'u, dfi6/ l;go'gcg'jfbs M b]jsfhL zfSo_

laZj df]6/ 6]«8;{v–@, $)*, k'tln;8s, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn .kmf]g g+=M $@#*!$&, $)#))$$, )!@@(@@#)

E-mail: [email protected]

6f]of]6f, ldT;'lal;, lgzfg, O;'h', ;'h'lsOToflb ufl8sf kf6{;\x?sf] ;fy} Jofl6« / OGe6{/sf]

nflu ;Dks{ ug'{xf];\ .

kfk sd{ -cs'zn sd{_ slxNo} gug'{k'0o -s'zn sd{_ ub}{ hfg' .cfkm\gf] lrQnfO{ -dg_ z'4 ug'{

oxL g} a'4sf] pkb]z xf]


k[i7e"ld/fhs'df/ l;4fy{sf] hGd z'4f]wg /fhf / dxfdfofsf]

;'k'qsf] ?kdf a}zfv k"l0f{dfsf] kfjg lbg O{=k"= %^# -a'=;+=@^$@_ df g]kfnsf] n'lDagL zfnf]Bfgdf ePsf]lyof] . jxfF O{=k" %#$ cyf{t\ @( jif{sf] pd]/df rf/lgldQ b]v]/ lj/lQmg'eof] . h;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k cfkm'n]ef]lu/x]sf] /fHo;'v, j}ej tyf /fhkl/jf/ ;a} Tofu]/clelgiqmd0f -u[x Tofu_ ug'{eof] . ^ jif{sf] b'is/tkZofkZrft\ O{=k"= %@* -a'=;+=@^)&_ a}zfv k"l0f{dfsf]kfjglbgdf ef/tsf] a'4uofdf #% jif{sf] pd]/df af]lw1fgnfe ug{'eO{ a'4 sxlng'eof] . jxfFn] a'4Œj k|flKt ;Fu;Fu}wd{ofqfsf] z++vgfb k~rjuL{o leIf'x¿af6 z'ef/Deug{'eof] . cfºgf >fjs;+3x?nfO{ dfq geO{ :jo+ cfkm}klg ax'hg ;'v / lxtsf] nflu ær/y leSvj] rfl/s+ær/y leSvj] rfl/s+ær/y leSvj] rfl/s+ær/y leSvj] rfl/s+ær/y leSvj] rfl/s+ax'hg lxtfo, ax'hg ;'vfo=====Æax'hg lxtfo, ax'hg ;'vfo=====Æax'hg lxtfo, ax'hg ;'vfo=====Æax'hg lxtfo, ax'hg ;'vfo=====Æax'hg lxtfo, ax'hg ;'vfo=====Æ1 pkb]zsf ;fylg:sg'eof] . kl/0ffd:j?k >fjs;+3sf ;fy;fy}bfgLbftfx?sf] ;+Vof klg u'0ffTds ?kdf j[l4 x'Fb}uof]tyflk tTsfnLg ;dodf a'4;lxt u[xTofuL leIf'x?sf]nflu jf;:yfgsf] Joj:yf lyPg / ;f];DaGwL s'g}klggLlt lgodx¿ agfOPsf] klg lyPg . ;dosf] ultzLntf;Fu} a'4;lxt leIf'x?sf] nflu jf;:yfgsf] cfjZostft8sf/f]?kdf b]lvg cfof] . tyflk ;f] s'/fsf] kl/k"lt{ eg]ePsf] lyPg .

To;;dodf eujfg\ a'4 /fhu[x gu/sf] glhssnGbslgjfk eGg] 7fp Fsf] j]n'jgdf -j]0f'jg af F;sf]emf8L_ af; a;L /xg'ePsf] lyof] tyflk leIf'x?nfO{æljxf/Ææljxf/Ææljxf/Ææljxf/Ææljxf/Æ k|of]u ug]{ cg'dlt k|bfg u/]sf] lyPg .ljgolk6ssf] r'NnjUu kfln cg';f/ leIf'x? klg ufpFtyf zx/x?df wd{ ofqfdf lxF8\bf ltgLx?nfO{ /ft sf6\g;xL 7fpF k|fKt ePsf] lyPg . h;n] ubf{ sf]xL leIf'?vsf] km]8df t sf]xL leIf' lrxfg tyf ufpFn]x?sf]cfFug cflbdf af; a:g yfNof] ;fy} lem;ld;] laxfg}leIf'x? cf–cfk"m a;]sf] 7fp Faf6 OlGb|o ;+j/sf;fyzfGtbfGt p7]/ lxF8\g yfNof] . Pslbg /fhu[x gu/df

leIf'x? lem;ld;] laxfg} p7]/ OlGb|o ;+j/sf ;fy zfGtbfGtlxFl8/x]sf] b]v]/ Pshgf ;]+7 cToGt k|;Gg eP . leIf'x?sxfF uP/ eGt] ! olb d}n] ljxf/ lgdf{0f u/]/ bfg u/]:jLsfg{' x'G5 < egL k|Zg u/] . leIf'x?n] klg a'4n] clxn]Dds;}nfO{ klg ljxf/ bfg lng cg'dlt lbPsf] 5}g . jxfF;Fu;f]w]/ hjfkm lbg]5f}+ egL hjfkm kmsf{P . leIf'x?n] ;f]s'/f a'4nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpFbf x'G5 eGg] cg'dlt k|fKtx'G5 . ;f] s'/f ;]+7nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpgf ;fy} ;]+7n] ;f7L-^)_ j6f ljxf/x? lgdf{0f u/]/ leIf';+3nfO{ bfg ug{'sf;fy} tyfut uf}td a'4;Fu k|Zg ug{k'Uof] sL of] ljxf/x?s;/L k|of]u ug]{ < k|Zgsf] k|ltpQ/df tyfut uf}tda'4n] æt] ;l6\7 ljxf/] cfutfgfut:; rft'l2;:;t] ;l6\7 ljxf/] cfutfgfut:; rft'l2;:;t] ;l6\7 ljxf/] cfutfgfut:; rft'l2;:;t] ;l6\7 ljxf/] cfutfgfut:; rft'l2;:;t] ;l6\7 ljxf/] cfutfgfut:; rft'l2;:;;+3:; klt6\7fk]l;Æ;+3:; klt6\7fk]l;Æ;+3:; klt6\7fk]l;Æ;+3:; klt6\7fk]l;Æ;+3:; klt6\7fk]l;Æ cyf{t\ tL ^) ljxf/x? rf/lbzfaf6cfpg'ePsf / gcfPsf -eljiodf cfpg]_ leIf';+3sf]nflu k|bfg ug{'2 eg]/ cf1f x'g'sf ;fy} ljxf/ bfgsf]cflgz+; klg JoQm ug{'eof] æljxf/bfg+ ;+3:;, cUu+æljxf/bfg+ ;+3:;, cUu+æljxf/bfg+ ;+3:;, cUu+æljxf/bfg+ ;+3:;, cUu+æljxf/bfg+ ;+3:;, cUu+a'4]g jl00ft+Æa'4]g jl00ft+Æa'4]g jl00ft+Æa'4]g jl00ft+Æa'4]g jl00ft+Æ eg]/ eujfg\ a'4n] ljxf/ bfg lbg' cltpQd 5 eg]/ ljxf/ bfg ug{'nfO{ cg'df]bg klg ug{'eof] .3

bL3lgsfosf] s"6bGt;"qdf æof] vf] a|fx\d0f æof] vf] a|fx\d0f æof] vf] a|fx\d0f æof] vf] a|fx\d0f æof] vf] a|fx\d0f ! rft'l2;+ rft'l2;+ rft'l2;+ rft'l2;+ rft'l2;+;+3+ pl2:; ljxf/+ s/f]ltÆ;+3+ pl2:; ljxf/+ s/f]ltÆ;+3+ pl2:; ljxf/+ s/f]ltÆ;+3+ pl2:; ljxf/+ s/f]ltÆ;+3+ pl2:; ljxf/+ s/f]ltÆ cyf{t\– a|fx\d0f ! rf/lbzfaf6 kfNg' x'g] leIf';+3sf] p2]Zo -nflu_ u/L ljxf/lgdf{0f ug{' egL elgPsf] 5 .Æ4 pk/f]Qm 36gfaf6 of]:ki6 x'g cfpF5 sL a'4 :jo+n] ljxf/ bfg lng'ePsf] dfqgeO{ leIf';+3nfO{ klg bfg lng cg'dlt lbg'eof] . Toltdfq

g]kfnsf] y]/jfb af}4 ljxf/ tyf o;sf] jlu{s/0f

leIf' k~`fd"lt{ cfgGbs'6L ljxf/

— g]kfnsf] y]/jfb ljxf/sf] cg'kd gd"gfo:tf] 5 eg]/ To;sf] snf;+:s[lt, bfz{lgs tyfdf}lnstf k|blz{t ug{;Sg] s'g} ljxf/ cfw'lgs g]kfndflgdf{0f ePsf] 5 h:tf] nfUb}g .

— lj8Dagfsf] s'/f t of] 5 ls cfw'lgs ejgnfO{ædxfljxf/Æ jf æ/fhsLo ljxf/Æ eg]/ gfdfs/0fug{ nfnflot leIf'x? klg xfdLdfem gePsf x}gg\ .

— ljxf/sf] gfd cufl8 ædxfÆ em'08\ofpg] k|j[lQeg] sf]xL sf]xL leIf'x?df b]vfkg{' eg]sf] cWoogsf]sdLsdhf]/n] g} xf]


geO{ cfut–cgfut leIf';+3sf ;fy;fy} rf/}lbzfaf6cfpg' x'g] leIf';+3sf] nflu ljxf/ lgdf{0f ug{'sf ;fy}ljxf/ lgdf{0f u/]/ ul/g] bfgsf] cflgz+; klg atfpg'ePsf]5 .

tyfut uf}td a'4n] leIf';+3nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{'eO{æcg'hfgfld leSvj] cf/fd+ ===Ææcg'hfgfld leSvj] cf/fd+ ===Ææcg'hfgfld leSvj] cf/fd+ ===Ææcg'hfgfld leSvj] cf/fd+ ===Ææcg'hfgfld leSvj] cf/fd+ ===Æ5 leIf' xf] ! cf/fd:jLsf/ ug{ cg'dlt lbb}+ 5' egL cf1f x'g'eof] . ;f] s'/fdxfhgtfdfem cfuf];/L km}lnof], h;sf] kl/0ffd :j?kqmdzM /fhfdxf/fhfsf ;fy;fy} >4fn' bfgLbftfx?n]klg a'4;lxt leIf';+3sf] jf;:yfgsf] nflu ljxf/x? lgdf{0fu/L bfg ug{ yfn] . ;f] qmddf lalDa;f/ /fhfn] j]n'jgf/fd,cgfylkl08s dxfhgn] h ]tjgf/fd / ljzfvfdxfpkfl;sfn] k"jf{/fd agfP/ bfg u/]sf] s'/f af}4;flxTodf w]/} k|Voft 5 . ;dosf] ultzLntf ;Fu} cGo>4fn' dxfhgx?n] klg ljxf/x? lgdf{0f u/L bfg u/] .o;/L ljxf/x? lgdf{0f u/L bfg ug]{ k|lqmof cBflk hf/Lg} 5 .

ljxf/sf] cy{kfln tyf ;+:s[t efiffdf ljxf/ eGgfn] jf;:yfg

eGg] ;fdfGo cy{ hgfp"5 . leIf' cd[tfgGb dxf:ylj/n]Vg' x'G5 æ…ljxf/Ú æ…ljxf/Ú æ…ljxf/Ú æ…ljxf/Ú æ…ljxf/Ú eGgfn] jf;a:g] 7fp", jf;:yfg,cf/fd lng] 7fp" h:tf cg]s cy{n] o'Qm zAb xf] . of] zAb…x/Úx/0f…x/Úx/0f…x/Úx/0f…x/Úx/0f…x/Úx/0f] eGg] wft' lgikfbgaf6 ag]sf] zAb xf] .6tyflkleIf' ;'bz{g dxf:ylj/ n]Vg' x'G5 k|foh;f] w]/} ;"qf/De/df/x]sf æljx/ltÆæljx/ltÆæljx/ltÆæljx/ltÆæljx/ltÆ…a:g' ePsf] 5Ú zAbsf] cg's/0faf6…ljxf/Ú…ljxf/Ú…ljxf/Ú…ljxf/Ú…ljxf/ÚzAb ag]sf] xf] .7;+o'Qlgsfosf] ljj]sh ;'Qdf…a|Dxljxf/Ú…;'vljxf/Ú kmf;'ljxf/Ú…a|Dxljxf/Ú…;'vljxf/Ú kmf;'ljxf/Ú…a|Dxljxf/Ú…;'vljxf/Ú kmf;'ljxf/Ú…a|Dxljxf/Ú…;'vljxf/Ú kmf;'ljxf/Ú…a|Dxljxf/Ú…;'vljxf/Ú kmf;'ljxf/Ú egL pNn]v ul/Psf]kfp"5f}=. o;df klg …ljxf/Ú…ljxf/Ú…ljxf/Ú…ljxf/Ú…ljxf/Ú zAbsf] cy{ a|Dx h:t} a:g],;'vk"j{s a:g] / cf/fd;fy a:g] eGg] cy{df lbOPsf] .8

leIf' ;'bz{g n]Vg' x'G5 z'¿df ljxf/ …cf/fdÚ…cf/fdÚ…cf/fdÚ…cf/fdÚ…cf/fdÚ sf]Ps c+u x'GYof] . …cf/fdÚ…cf/fdÚ…cf/fdÚ…cf/fdÚ…cf/fdÚ eGgfn] y'k|} ljxf/x¿, au}+rf,v'Nnf rf}/ cflbsf] ;+o'Qm gfd xf] eg] To; cf/fdleq}d"n uGws'6L x'G5, hxfF eujfg\ a'4ljxf/ ug'{x'GYof] . d"n;"qdf h]tjgf/fd cflb cf/fdx¿sf] w]/}af/ pNn]v ePtfklgcf/fdsf] PsfO{ cy{df …ljxf/Ú…ljxf/Ú…ljxf/Ú…ljxf/Ú…ljxf/Ú x¿sf] pNn]v klg x'g]ub{5 . t;y{ …cf/fdÚ …cf/fdÚ …cf/fdÚ …cf/fdÚ …cf/fdÚ ljxf/x¿sf] Ps ;fd"lxs gfp Fklg x'g' xf] .9 ljgolk6ssf] dxfjUudf ljxf/ tyf cf/fdsf]af/] o;/L pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

1. Avâsâ: a temporary house for monastics calleda vihara. Generally more than one monk stayed in each

house with each monk in his own cell, called a parivena.2. Ârâma: a more permanent and more

comfortable arrangement than the avasa. This propertywas generally donated and maintained by a wealthycitizen. This was more lavish (as suggested by the name– Araama means both pleasant and park). It generally

consisted of residences within orchards or parks.10

cfw'lgs kl/k|]Ifdf af}4 tyf cGo /fi6«x?df a'4wd{sf]k|rf/k|;f/ ;Fu;Fu} ljxf/x?sf] lgdf{0fn] oyf]lrt :yfgkfPsf] b]lvG5 tyflk tL æljxf/Ææljxf/Ææljxf/Ææljxf/Ææljxf/Æ zAbsf] zflAbs cy{To; b]zsf] kl/j]z, snf;+:s[lt tyf efiffz}nL cg';f/k|of]{u ug{'dfq geP/ tL /fi6«sf snf;+:s[ltsf] df}lnstf;Fu d]n vfg]u/L lgdf{0f u/]sf] kfp F5f}+ . To:t} Dofgdf/dfcf/fdnfO{ …tfO{Ú …tfO{Ú …tfO{Ú …tfO{Ú …tfO{Ú elgG5, h;sf] cy{ 7"nf] sDkfp08nfO{hgfp"5 eg] ljxf/nfO{ …Rofp…Rofp…Rofp…Rofp…Rofpm FÚ Ú Ú Ú Ú elgG5 . yfOn}08dfljxf/nfO{ …jt\Ú …jt\Ú …jt\Ú …jt\Ú …jt\Ú elgG5 eg] >Ln+sfdf …kG;nÚ …kG;nÚ …kG;nÚ …kG;nÚ …kG;nÚ elgG5 .

g]kfnsf] y]/jfb af}4 ljxf/x?>L # rGb|zDz]/sf] zf;g sfn lyof] g]kfndf . To;

;dodf ltAataf6 cfPsf sfG5f nfdfn] sf7df8f}+jf;LnfO{a'4lzIffsf] af/]df wd{b]zgf ug{ 'x 'GYof] . h;af6sf7df8f}+jf;Lx? w]/} nfeflGjtsf ;fy} clek|]l/t klgePsf lyP . ltgLx?dWo] gfgLsfhL Vofh'sf] dgdf lj:tf/}wd{sf] Hof]lt pTkGg eof] . tyflk ;f] s'/f AoQm ug{;s]gg\, otf /f0ff zf;sn] hgtfsf] hfu[lt b]v]/ /fhgLltseo b]Vg yfNof] / rf/hgfeGbf a9L e]nf x'g gkfpg];"rgf hf/L u¥Øf] . t/klg a'4wd{k|lt >4f /fVg]x?sf]sld lyPg . o:t} ;dodf :joDe" dxfr}To bz{g ug{bnfO{ nfdfsf] efO{ s'Zol/Dkf]5] -5]l/Ggf]a{'_ nfdf sf7df8f}+cfpg'ePsf] lyof] . jxf Fn] klg sf7df8f}+sf] a;fO+{dfsf7df8f+}jf;Lx?nfO{ a'4lzIff af/] k|jrg lbg] u¥Øf] .jxfFsf] To; k|jrgaf6 gfgLsfhL Vofh' cToGt k|;Ggx'gk'Uof] ;fy} ;g\ !(@$ df ltAa]ltog k/Dk/f cg';f/kN5]g Zo/a -;+:s[t efiffdf dxfk|1f_ gfdaf6 k|j|lhtx'gk'Uof] eg] c? rf/hgf dxfrGb|, dxf1fg, dxfIfflGt /dxfjLo{ gfdaf6 jxfF;Fu} k|j|lht x'gk'Uof]11 . To; ;dodfwd{ kl/jt{g ug{' klg b08gLo ck/fw lyof] . ;f] s'/faf6gfgLsfhL Vofh' -dxfk|1f_ klg c5'tf] /x]g lsgsL jxfFhGdhft lxGb' kl/jf/sf] lyof] . h;n] b':;fx; u/]/ nfdfleIf' ePsf] lyof] . lxGb"wd{nfO{ Tofu]/ af}4 nfdf leIf'ePsf] x'gfn] jxfFx? ;lxt ltgLx?sf] u'?nfO{ b]zlgsfnful/of] .


;g\ !(@* df s'zLgu/df pm rGb|d0fL dxf:ylj/sxfF >fd0f]/ dxfk|1fsf] ?kdf y]/jfbL k/Dk/f cg';f/k'gM k|j|lht x'gk'Uof] . >fd0f]/sf] ?kdf ;g\ !(#&, lj=;+=!((# sf] kf}if dlxgfdf wd{k|rf/s} lznlznfdf jxfFnfO{ef]hk'/df k'gMklqmof] . s]xL lbg h]ndf aGbL agfO/fv]/,kl5 g]kfn gkmls{g] eGb} b]z lgisflzt ;d]t ul/of] .12

o:t} lznlznf ;g\ !($$, lj=;+= @))! df klg k'gMbf]xf]l/g k'Uof] . >L # h'4zDz]/n] ;a} y]/jfb af}4 leIf'x?nfO{l;+xb/jf/df 8fsL >4fn'x?nfO{ wdf]{kb]z gug{ cfb]zlbOof] tyflk af}4 leIf'x?n] ;f] cfb]znfO{ gdfGg] eg]kl5To;}sf] axfgfdf ltgLx? ;a}nfO{ b]z lgsfnf ul/of] . tL;a} leIf'x? ef/tsf] ;f/gfydf uO{ e]nf eof] . hxfF pm=rGb|dl0f dxf:ylj/sf] cWoIftfdf ;g\ !($$, gf]e]Da/#) tfl/vsf lbg æwdf]{bo ;efsf]Ææwdf]{bo ;efsf]Ææwdf]{bo ;efsf]Ææwdf]{bo ;efsf]Ææwdf]{bo ;efsf]Æ ljlwjt ?kdf:yfkgf ul/of] .13 ;f] ;+:yfn] nfdf tyf y]/jfb leIf'x?n]ef]Ug'k/]sf ;d:of tyf g]kfnsf] a'4wd{sf] l:yltaf/]cGt{/fli6«o hutnfO{ cjut u/fpg] cleofg rnfof] .;fy} g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu klg :kli6s/0f dfluof] . h;sf]kl/0ffd :j?k >L # h'4zDz]/sf] ;/sf/n] æleIf'x?æleIf'x?æleIf'x?æleIf'x?æleIf'x?g]kfn cfpg ;S5 tyflk s'g} wd{b]zgf ug{ kfpg]g]kfn cfpg ;S5 tyflk s'g} wd{b]zgf ug{ kfpg]g]kfn cfpg ;S5 tyflk s'g} wd{b]zgf ug{ kfpg]g]kfn cfpg ;S5 tyflk s'g} wd{b]zgf ug{ kfpg]g]kfn cfpg ;S5 tyflk s'g} wd{b]zgf ug{ kfpg]5}gÆ 5}gÆ 5}gÆ 5}gÆ 5}gÆ eg]/ k|To'Q/ k7fof] .14 To; kqaf6 xf}l;Psf leIf'cd[tfgGbn] >Ln+sfaf6 lzi6d08n ;g\ !($^ clk|n !&tfl/vdf g]kfn Nofpg ;kmn x'g'eof] . h;sf] g]t[TjleIf' gf/b dxf:ylj/n] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . bf]>f]kN6 klg>Ln+sfsf leIf' gf/b dxf:ylj/ cfºgf] 6f]lnsf ;fylj=;+= @))$ ;fn, ;g\ !($& ck|]ndf15 g]kfn cfpg'ePsf]lyof] . To;a]nf zf/Ll/s cl:ywft'sf ;fy} cg'/fwk'/fdf/x]sf] >Ldxfaf]lwsf] zfvf klg; Fu} lnP/ cfpg'ePsf]lyof] . h'g cfgGbs'6L ljxf/sf] k|fË0fsf] k"j{tkm{sf] efudf/f]k0f ul/Psf] lyof] eg] cl:ywft' cfgGbs'6L ljxf/dflgld{t r}Todf k|lt:yfkgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] >Ln+sf/fdr}Tosf] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xsf] lgldQ leIf' gf/b dxf:ylj/k'gM ;g\ !($*, h"g dlxgfdf g]kfn cfpg'ePsf] lyof] .16

o;/L g]kfnsf] y]/jfba'4wd{sf] ptf/r9fj ;Fu;Fu}leIf'x?sf] ;+Vof tyf u'0ffTds ?kdf j[l4 x'Fb}uof] . a'4wd{k|rf/k|;f/ ug]{ qmddf ljxf/x?sf] lgdf{0f sfo{df klggofF cfofd ylkof] . h;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k :joDe" dxfr}Tosf]klZrdk§L /x]sf] ;/:jtL dlGb/ :yfgsf] 8fF8fsf] tnk§LcfgGbs'6L ljxf/sf] lgdf{0f a'=;+= @$*^, g]kfn ;Dat\!)^@, lj=;+= !((* tyf O:jL ;g\ !($@17 ;fndf lbj+ut

>4]o leIf' pm=rGb|dl0f dxf:ylj/sf] lzio lbj+ut >4]oleIf' wDdfnf]s dxf:ylj/n] ;fgf] s'6Lsf] ?kdf lgdf{0fu/L z'ef/De ul/of] . h'g g]kfnsf] y]/jfb a'4wd{sf]k|yd ljxf/sf] ?kdf :yflkt x'gk'Uof] . :d/0f /xf];\ o;eGbfklxnf leIf'x?sf] jf;:yfg tyf wfld{s ultljlwsf] >Lu0f]zls08f]n jxfM cyf{t\ sLt{g dxfljxf/n] u/]sf] eGbf cTo'lQmgxf]nf . o;sf] :yfkgf g]=;+= *)& df Ot+'axfnsf >Ll;+x zfSo leIf'åf/f lgdf{0f u/]sf] xf] .18 o;sf] lh0ff]{4f/tyf dd{t ;Def/kZrft\ g]=;+= !)$* df j}zfv k"l0f{df;+ul7t ?kdf dgfpg] sfo{sf] z'ef/De o;} axfMdf eof]19

eg] kl5 nfdf leIf', cflg, y]/jfbsf leIf' tyfcgfufl/sfx?sf] jf;:yfg klg o;} axfMdf ePsf] lyof] .leIf' wdf{nf]s s]xL ;do To; axfM -ljxf/_df a:g]

— b'Mvsf] s'/f @)&@ ;fn a}zfv !@ / @(ut] uPsf] dxe"sDk / To;kl5sf] k/fsDkgaf6cfgGbs'6L ljxf/l:yt r}To klg c5'tf] /x]g . ctM;f] r}To klg k'gM lgdf{0f ug{'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]tfklg k'gMlgdf{0f ul/g] ;f] r}To ;fljsadf]lhdsf]?kcfsf/df lgdf{0f gx'g] s'/fdf s;}sf] b'O{dtgxf]nf . kmn:j?k efjL ;GtltnfO{ y"kf/fd z}nLsf]of] r}To y]/jfb a'4wd{ k'ghf{u/0fsf ;fy} g]kfnn]kfPsf] cg"kd af}4 pkxf/ xf] eg]/ Oltxf;sf] kfgfdfdfq b]vfpg' kg]{ eO;s]sf] 5, h'g b'MvbfoL 5 .


ug{'x'GYof] tyflk zfGt jftfj/0fsf] sldn] ubf{ :joDe"8fF8fsf] klZrdk§Lsf] h+undf, xfn cfgGbs'6L ljxf/lgld{t 7fpFdf uP/ a:g] ug{'x'GYof], h;sf] kl/0ffd:j?kcfgGbs'6L ljxf/n] d"t{ lnof] ;g\ !($@ df .

y]/jfb af}4 ljxf/x?sf] juL{s/0fy]/jfb a'4wd{sf] k'ghf{u/0f kZrft\ ljxf/x?sf] lgdf{0f

sfo{df gofF cfofd ylkof] . h;sf] kl/0ffd :j?k pkTosftyf pkTosf aflx/ k'/fgf af}4 :ynsf] lh0ff]{4f/ u/]/ t,;fj{hlgs 7fpF tyf lghL 7fpF cflbx?df gofF ;+/rgfx?lgdf{0f u/]/ a:g] cg's"n jftfj/0f agfpg'eof] .bfgLbftfx?;Fu ldn]/ ;+o'Qm ?kdf To; :yndf g} a'4k"hfsf;fy} ltgLx?nfO{ a'4lzIffaf6 wd{b]zgf ug]{ sfo{sf] klgqmdzM yfngL eof] . h;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k leIf'x?sf];+Vofdf j[l4 x'g'sf ;fy} leIf'x?sf] jf;:yfgsf] nflu klg:ynx? -ljxf/_ klg j[l4 x'Fb} uof] . h'g y]/jfb ljxf/sf]?kdf :yflkt x'gk'Uof] . tyflk tL lgld{t y]/jfb :ynx?-ljxf/_ g]kfnsf] snf;+:s[lt tyf df}lnstfaf6 6f9f/x]sf] s'/f eg] :jLsfg{} k5{ . ;fob tL ljxf/x? s] s:tf]snf;+:s[lt tyf df}lnstf;lxt lgdf{0f x'g'k5{ eGg]dfbflgbftfx?sf ;fy} leIf'x?sf] klg Totflt/ oy]i7 Wofggk'u]sf] b]lvG5 lsgsL h;f]t;f] u/]/ nf]shgsf] nfluwd{b]zgf ug{ kfP k'U5 eGg] dfgl;stf af}4 TofuLx?df/x]sf] b]lvof] . h;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k leIf' tyf cgfufl/sfx?ljleGg 7fpFdf uP/ cfkm" a;f]af; ug]{ 7fpFnfO{ ljxf/sf]:j?k lbP/ a'4wd{sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ul//xg'ePsf] 5, h'gk|z+;gLo 5 eg] :yfgLo afl;Gbfx? klg To;af6 nfeflGjteO/x]sf] s'/fdf b'O{dt gxf]nf . ;dosf] ultzLntf;Fu}cf–cfºgf] snf;+:s[lt tyf df}lnstfsf] d"Nof+sg x'g]u5{ . h'g g]kfnsf] y]/jfb ljxf/x?df tL s'/fx?sf] cefjb]lvG5 . h;n] ubf{ g]kfnsf] y]/jfb ljxf/sf] cg'kdgd"gf o:tf] 5 eg]/ To;sf] snf;+:s[lt, bfz{lgs tyfdf}lnstf k|blz{t ug{;Sg] s'g} ljxf/ cfw'lgs g]kfndflgdf{0f ePsf] 5 h:tf] nfUb}g . t;y{ g]kfnsf] kl/j]zdfleIf' tyf cgfufl/sfx? af;f]af; u/]/ wd{ k|rf/k|;f/ub}{ cfpg'ePsf :ynx? jf ljxf/x?nfO{ o;/L juL{s/0ful/Psf] 5 .

!_ axf–axL, @_ ljb]zL nuflgdf lgld{t ljxf/, tyf#_ ;fO{gaf]8{ em'08\ofOPsf] ljxf/ cflb .

!_ axf–axLaxf–axL g]jf/ af}4x?sf] af}4 s]Gb|:yfg xf] . ljz]ift

zfSo tyf jh|frfo{x?sf] g]t[Tj tyf ;+/If0fdf of] af}4s]Gb| ;~rfn x'g] ub{5 . o; af}4 s]Gb|df dxfofgL tyfjh|ofgL k/Dk/f cg';f/sf snfs[ltx? b]Vg ;lsG5 .o; axf–axLn] g]kfnL a'4wd{df ljz]if :yfg cf]u6]sf] 5,tyflk s]xL axf–axLx?sf] ;+/If0f tyf /]vb]vsf]sdLsdhf]l/n] ubf{ ToxfF a;f]jf; ug]{x?sf] cefj t8\sf/f]?kdf b]lvg cfof] . kmntM To:tf axf–axLx? hL0f{ tyfeUgfjz]ifdf kl/0ft eof] . To:tf axf–axLx?sf] dd{t;Def/ tyf lh0ff]{4f/ ug{ cfly{s sl7gfOsf ;fy} lg/Gt/?kdf ToxfF a;f]af; ug]{ JolQmsf] cefj ;bf v8sL/xof] . kmn:j?k To:tfaxf–axLsf bftfx?n] y]/jfbL leIf'tyf cgfufl/sfx?nfO{ axf–axLsf] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug{cg'/f]w ug{k'Uof] eg] s'g} s'g} axf–axL t leIf'cgfufl/sfx?nfO{ g} ;+3bfg ul/of] . s'g} s'g} t eUgfjz]ifcj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf] lyof], To:tf axf–axLnfO{ klgleIf'x?n] lgdf{0f u/]/ ljxf/sf] :j?k k|bfg ub}{ wd{k|rf/k|;f/ug{df cu|;/tf lnof] . pbfx/0fsf] ?kdf u0faxfnsf]æu0fdxf ljxf/ÆnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . h'g eUgfjz]ifsf] ?kdfkl/0ft lyof] . leIf' tyf cgufl/sfx?n] To:tf axf–axLx?sf] lh0ff]{4f/, dd{t;Def/ cflb ug{df cu|;/tflng'sf ;fy} :jo+ To; axf–axLdf a;f]af; u/]/ af}4ultljlw ;~rfng ub}{ wd{ k|rf/k|;f/df of]ubfg lbO/x]sf]s'/f ;j{ljlbt} 5 .

@_ ljb]zL nufgLdf lgld{t ljxf/ y]/jfb a'4wd{sf] k'ghf{u/0fsf ;fy} y]/jfbL leIf'

tyf cgfufl/sfx?sf] ;DaGw klg cGt/f{li6«o :t/df klgeof], h;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k ljb]zL nufgL s]xL ljxf/lgdf{0fdf lelqof] eGbf cTo'lQm gxf]nf . ;fob To;s}kl/0ffd :j?k ljb]zL nuflgn] ubf{ tL b]zsf snf;+:s[ltsfs]xL lx:;f g]kfndf lgld{t y]/jfb ljxf/x?df b]vf kg{yfNof] . ljz]iftM >L lslt{ ljxf/, sLlt{k'/nfO{ pbfx/0fsf]?kdf lng ;lsG5 . x'g t cfgGbs'6L ljxf/df klg ljb]z->Ln+sf_ sf] snf >Ln+sf/fd r}To lgld{t 5 tyflk To;b]zsf] nufgL eg] lyPg . Tof] r}To lgdf{0f x'g'dfP]ltxfl;stf hf]8]sf] b]lvG5 . cfgGbs'6L ljxf/df lgld{tær}To t]>f}+ ztfAbLtfsf wd{b"tsf] ?kdf >Ln+sf hfg'ePsfleIf' dx]Gb| dxf:ylj/sf] lgb]{zgdf lgld{t cg'/fwfk'/fl:yt y"kf/fd r}Tosf] gSsn xf] . o; r}Tosf] :j?k klgToxL cg'?k lgld{t 5 ===== ==== y"kf/fd z}nLsf] of] r}Toy]/jfb a'4wd{ k'ghf{u/0fsf ;fy} g]kfnn] kfPsf] cg"kd


af}4 pkxf/sf] lrgf] eGbf cTo'lQm gxf]nf.20Æ b'Mvsf] s'/f@)&@ ;fn a}zfv !@ / @( ut] uPsf] dxe"sDk /To;kl5sf] k/fsDkgaf6 cfgGbs'6L ljxf/l:yt r}To klgc5'tf] /x]g . ctM ;f] r}To klg k'gM lgdf{0f ug{'kg]{cfjZostf /x]tf klg k'gMlgdf{0f ul/g] ;f] r}To;fljsadf]lhdsf] ?kcfsf/df lgdf{0f gx'g] s'/fdf s;}sf]b'O{dt gxf]nf . kmn:j?k efjL ;GtltnfO{ y"kf/fd z}nLsf]of] r}To y]/jfb a'4wd{ k'ghf{u/0fsf ;fy} g]kfnn] kfPsf]cg"kd af}4 pkxf/ xf] eg]/ Oltxf;sf] kfgfdf dfqb]vfpg' kg]{ eO;s]sf] 5, h'g b'MvbfoL 5 .

#_ ;fO{gaf]8{ em'08\ofOPsf] ljxf/ cflb;fO{gaf]8{ em'08\ofOg] ljxf/ eGgfn] ;fj{hlgs tyf

lglh :yndf lgdf{0f ul/Psf ljxf/x? x'g . hxfF kof{Ktdfqfdf hUufsf] cefjn] ubf{ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] ;+/rgfnfO{hgfOG5 . h'g cfw'lgs 3/sf] ?kdf lgdf{0f u/]sf] b]lvG5,To;nfO{ klxrfg lbgsf] nflu ljxf/sf] ;fO{gaf]8{ em'08\ofpg]u5{ . h:tf] sL 9'+ufx? htftt} x'G5, tyflk sf]xL sf]xLwdf{Tdfn] cfºgf] wfld{skgnfO{ phfu/ u/fpgsf] lgldQaf6f]sf] Tof] 9'+ufnfO{ cla/ dfnf r9fP/ b]ptf agfP ;/Lcfw'lgs tl/sfdf lgld{t ejgnfO{ ;fO{gaf]8{ em'08\ofP/ljxf/sf] 6\ofu nufP/ ;~rfng ug]{ ul/G5 . hUuf tyfcfly{s>f]tsf] cefjn] ubf{ To;/L lgdf{0f ug{' kg]{ afWotfnfO{eg] gsf{g ;lsGg .

lj8Dagfsf] s'/f t of] 5 ls cfw'lgs ejgnfO{ædxfljxf/Æ ædxfljxf/Æ ædxfljxf/Æ ædxfljxf/Æ ædxfljxf/Æ jf æ/fhsLo ljxf/Æ æ/fhsLo ljxf/Æ æ/fhsLo ljxf/Æ æ/fhsLo ljxf/Æ æ/fhsLo ljxf/Æ eg]/ gfdfs/0fug{ nfnflot leIf'x? klg xfdLdfem gePsf x}gg\ .>Ln+sfsf] dxfj+zfjnL cg';f/ dxfljxf/sf] kl/sNkgfceolu/L tyf dxfljxf/af6 pTkGg ePsf] dflgG5 .;fdfGo?kdf ljxf/ o:tf] x'g'k5{ ls c;fIf/ -cgk9_ n]aflx/ em6\6 x]gf{;fy} of] af}4 ljxf/ xf] jf dlGb/ xf] eg]/klxrfg ug{;Sg] xf];\ . h;n] ubf{ p;sf] dgdf To;ljxf/leq uP/ a'4sf] bz{g ug]{ dg;fo hfuf];\ .

ljxf/ -axf–axL_sf] ljifodf cWoog ubf{ g]kfndfa'4wd{sf] cg'kd gd"gfsf] ?kdf axf–axL g} /x]sf] 5eGbf cTo'lQm gxf]nf .21 h'g cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg ug{'sf;fy} cg's/0fLo klg 5 . To;sf] s]xL ljz]iftfx? oxfFpNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

ært'isf]0f rf]s,v'Nnf bnfg,ljxf/sf] rf/}lt/sf] k]6L,

d'Vo k|ltdfsf] cnu sf]7f x'g',ljxf/sf] rf/}lt/sf 3/x¿df cGtu{t af6f] gx'g' .ljxf/sf] rf]saLrdf ;fgf] r}To -lrefM_Æ22 cflb

eP;/L, ;fdfGo?kdf y]/jfb ljxf/x?df klg s]lxljz]iftfx? x'g]u5{ of x'g'k5{ eGg] af}4 b]zx?sf] d"NodfGotf /x]sf] kfpF5f}+ . h:t} ls–

!_ d'Vo a'4 dlGb/ -d'Vo k|ltdfsf] cnu sf]7f jfxn_

@_ 7"nf -;fgf]_ r}To,#_ wd{b]zgf xn,$_ ;Ldfu[x -pkf];yfuf/_,$_ ef]hg zfnf,%_ leIf'x? a:g] cfjf;,^_ af]lwj[If, /&_ tL ;a} 7"nf] sDkfp08leq lgld{t ePsf] xf];\,

cflb .o;sf] cnfjf cGo s'/fx? h:t} k':tsfno, clkm;,

;efu[x, Do"lhod cflbn] klg 7fpF lnPsf] b]lvG5 tyflktL ;a} To; b]zsf] snf;+:s[lt, bz{g tyf df}lnstfn]el/Psf] x'G5 . dxfj+z cg';f/ dxfljxf/sf] kl/sNkgf>Ln+sfsf] ceolu/L tyf dxfljxf/af6 pTkGg ePtfklg, dxfljxf/ x'gsf] nflu k|z:t hUuf tyf ;+/rgfx?cTofjZos 5 eGg] dfGotf /x]sf] kfOG5 tyflk g]kfnsf]kl/j]zdf Tof] cj:yf b]lv+b}g, t}klg ljxf/sf] gfd cufl8ædxfÆædxfÆædxfÆædxfÆædxfÆ em'08\ofpg] k|j[lQ eg] sf]xL sf]xL leIf'x?dfb]vfkg{' eg]sf] cWoogsf] sdLsdhf]/n] g} xf] ls eGg]efg x'g cfpF5 .

pk;+xf/cfw'lgs ;dodf ljxf/sf] ;fdfGo cy{df u[xTofuL

leIf' tyf cgfufl/sfx? a;f]af; ug]{ 7fpFnfO{ hgfpF5 .ljleGg k|sf/sf af}4 ultljlw ;~rfng ug{'sf ;fy} af}4bz{gsf] cWoog cWofkg ug]{ s]Gb|:yn xf] . Wofgefjgfsf]cEof; u/]/ lgjf{0fsf] dfu{nfO{ k5\ofP/ lxF8\g jf lxF8fpgag]sf] :yn xf] . a'4sfnLg ;dosf s]xL leIf'x? jgh+undfg} Wofgefjgf ug]{ uy]{ ctM ljxf/ ;fgf] of 7"nf] h] h:tf]ePklg s]xL km/s kb}{g tyflk cfw'lgs o'udf b]zsf]snf z}nLn] cfºgf] ;+:s[lt tyf df}lnstf emNsf];\ eGg]dflg;x?sf] dgdli6sdf /x]sf] x'G5 lsgsL x/]s af}4b]zx?n] s'g} snf z}nLnfO{ k5\ofP/ ljxf/ lgdf{0f u/]sf]kfpF5f}+ . tL b]zsf ljxf/x? Ps?ktfdf klg cu|k+lQmdf


/x]sf] kfpF5f}+ . t;y{ g]kfnsf] y]/jfb ljxf/x?n] klgcfºgf] snf z}nLnfO{ k|:km'6gsf ;fy} Ps?kdf sfod ug]{;do cfPsf] dx;'; ePsf] 5 . cGtdf 7"nf] ;fgf] h]h:tf] ljxf/df a;]/ eP klg b'Mv;'v gegL >4fn'bftfx?nfO{ ;Dos\dfu{ b]vfP/ ;Tsd{ ug{ k|]l/t ug{'x'g]leIf' tyf cgfufl/sfx?sf] of]ubfgnfO{ gh/cGbfh ug{'eg]sf] cfkm}df xf:of:kb x'g cfpF5 .

(Footnotes)1 Oldernberg(Tr.), Vinaya Pitaka, Vols, I-II.PTS,London;1964:812 ljgolk6ssf] r'NnjUu kfln –@, >Ln+sf, a'4holGt lqlk6s>Ln+sf, a'4holGt lqlk6s>Ln+sf, a'4holGt lqlk6s>Ln+sf, a'4holGt lqlk6s>Ln+sf, a'4holGt lqlk6sdfnf qm=;+=$, @))^, k[=!#)dfnf qm=;+=$, @))^, k[=!#)dfnf qm=;+=$, @))^, k[=!#)dfnf qm=;+=$, @))^, k[=!#)dfnf qm=;+=$, @))^, k[=!#)3 Ibid,1324 bL3lgsfo bL3lgsfo bL3lgsfo bL3lgsfo bL3lgsfo I. k[= !@$ k[= !@$ k[= !@$ k[= !@$ k[= !@$ leIf' cd[tfgGb, GxØ;Mof ln;M,GxØ;Mof ln;M,GxØ;Mof ln;M,GxØ;Mof ln;M,GxØ;Mof ln;M,

cfgGbs'6L ljxf/ u'7L, sf7df8f}+–@)$@, k[==!(–@)5 ang\uf]8 cfgGb d}q]o, ang\uf]8 cfgGb d}q]o, ang\uf]8 cfgGb d}q]o, ang\uf]8 cfgGb d}q]o, ang\uf]8 cfgGb d}q]o, zfSod'lgGb|fjbfgo x]jt\ l;4fy{uf}tda'4 rl/to, ;dojw{g, dflnufsGb, !(*^, k[=*(;dojw{g, dflnufsGb, !(*^, k[=*(;dojw{g, dflnufsGb, !(*^, k[=*(;dojw{g, dflnufsGb, !(*^, k[=*(;dojw{g, dflnufsGb, !(*^, k[=*(6 leIf' cd[tfgGb, leIf' cd[tfgGb, leIf' cd[tfgGb, leIf' cd[tfgGb, leIf' cd[tfgGb, Gx\Ø;Mof ln;M, cfgGbs'6L ljxf/ u'7L,cfgGbs'6L ljxf/ u'7L,cfgGbs'6L ljxf/ u'7L,cfgGbs'6L ljxf/ u'7L,cfgGbs'6L ljxf/ u'7L,sf7df8f } +–@)$@, k [=!(–@)sf7df8f } +–@)$@, k [=!(–@)sf7df8f } +–@)$@, k [=!(–@)sf7df8f } +–@)$@, k [=!(–@)sf7df8f } +–@)$@, k [=!(–@)7 leIf' ;'bz{g, leIf' ;'bz{g, leIf' ;'bz{g, leIf' ;'bz{g, leIf' ;'bz{g, g]kfnL ljxf/sf ljz]iftfx¿, k[=! k[=! k[=! k[=! k[=!8 ;+o'Qlgsfo II. k[= $%) k[= $%) k[= $%) k[= $%) k[= $%)9 leIf' ;'bz{g, leIf' ;'bz{g, leIf' ;'bz{g, leIf' ;'bz{g, leIf' ;'bz{g, g]kfnL ljxf/sf ljz]iftfx¿, k[=! k[=! k[=! k[=! k[=!

10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism11 cfrfo{ leIf' cd[tfgGb, cfrfo{ leIf' cd[tfgGb, cfrfo{ leIf' cd[tfgGb, cfrfo{ leIf' cd[tfgGb, cfrfo{ leIf' cd[tfgGb, g]kfndf y]/jfb a'4wd{sf] ;+lIfKtOltxf;, cfgGbs '6L ljxf/ u '7L , @)#*, k [ =@ nfsf ]n cfgGbs '6L ljxf/ u '7L , @)#*, k [ =@ nfsf ]n cfgGbs '6L ljxf/ u '7L , @)#*, k [ =@ nfsf ]n cfgGbs '6L ljxf/ u '7L , @)#*, k [ =@ nfsf ]n cfgGbs '6L ljxf/ u '7L , @)#*, k [ =@ nfsf ]na}s'07k|;fb, a}s'07k|;fb, a}s'07k|;fb, a}s'07k|;fb, a}s'07k|;fb, g]kfno\ :ylj/jfb u'sy+ jMu' vM< dfntL nfsf}n,dfntL nfsf}n,dfntL nfsf}n,dfntL nfsf}n,dfntL nfsf}n,@)$@, k[=^(@)$@, k[=^(@)$@, k[=^(@)$@, k[=^(@)$@, k[=^(12 cfrfo { leIf ' cd[tfgGb, g ]kfndf y ]/jfb a '4wd{sf ]cfrfo { leIf ' cd[tfgGb, g ]kfndf y ]/jfb a '4wd{sf ]cfrfo { leIf ' cd[tfgGb, g ]kfndf y ]/jfb a '4wd{sf ]cfrfo { leIf ' cd[tfgGb, g ]kfndf y ]/jfb a '4wd{sf ]cfrfo { leIf ' cd[tfgGb, g ]kfndf y ]/jfb a '4wd{sf ]; +lIfKt Oltxf;, cfgGbs'6L ljxf/ u'7L, @)#*, k[=@;+lIfKt Oltxf;, cfgGbs'6L ljxf/ u'7L, @)#*, k[=@;+lIfKt Oltxf;, cfgGbs'6L ljxf/ u'7L, @)#*, k[=@;+lIfKt Oltxf;, cfgGbs'6L ljxf/ u'7L, @)#*, k[=@;+lIfKt Oltxf;, cfgGbs'6L ljxf/ u'7L, @)#*, k[=@13 Ibid, 514 Ibid, 515 Ria Kloppenborg, Theravada Buddhism in Nepal, AJournal of Himalayan studies,1977, p.30616 cfrfo { leIf ' cd[tfgGb, g ]kfndf y ]/jfb a '4wd{sf ]cfrfo { leIf ' cd[tfgGb, g ]kfndf y ]/jfb a '4wd{sf ]cfrfo { leIf ' cd[tfgGb, g ]kfndf y ]/jfb a '4wd{sf ]cfrfo { leIf ' cd[tfgGb, g ]kfndf y ]/jfb a '4wd{sf ]cfrfo { leIf ' cd[tfgGb, g ]kfndf y ]/jfb a '4wd{sf ]; +lIfKt Oltxf;, cfgGbs'6L ljxf/ u'7L, @)#*, k[=^;+lIfKt Oltxf;, cfgGbs'6L ljxf/ u'7L, @)#*, k[=^;+lIfKt Oltxf;, cfgGbs'6L ljxf/ u'7L, @)#*, k[=^;+lIfKt Oltxf;, cfgGbs'6L ljxf/ u'7L, @)#*, k[=^;+lIfKt Oltxf;, cfgGbs'6L ljxf/ u'7L, @)#*, k[=^17 Lall Kesar (tra.) A Pilgrimage in China,

Bhikkhu Aniruddha Mahasthavir, 1999, p. 12418 nfsf}n a}s'07k|;fb, nfsf}n a}s'07k|;fb, nfsf}n a}s'07k|;fb, nfsf}n a}s'07k|;fb, nfsf}n a}s'07k|;fb, g]kfno\ :ylj/jfb u'sy+ jMu' vM<dfntL nfsf }n, @)$@, k[=^!dfntL nfsf }n, @)$@, k[=^!dfntL nfsf }n, @)$@, k[=^!dfntL nfsf }n, @)$@, k[=^!dfntL nfsf }n, @)$@, k[=^!19 Ibid, 5320 cfgGbe"ld, jif { $&, c+s cfgGbe"ld, jif { $&, c+s cfgGbe"ld, jif { $&, c+s cfgGbe"ld, jif { $&, c+s cfgGbe"ld, jif { $&, c+s •••••–!, k[=!!–!, k[=!!–!, k[=!!–!, k[=!!–!, k[=!!21 ozf ]w/ dxf ljxf/ ; +3 5u " cWoog, a 'axf M , on,ozf ]w/ dxf ljxf/ ; +3 5u " cWoog, a 'axf M , on,ozf ]w/ dxf ljxf/ ; +3 5u " cWoog, a 'axf M , on,ozf ]w/ dxf ljxf/ ; +3 5u " cWoog, a 'axf M , on,ozf ]w/ dxf ljxf/ ; +3 5u " cWoog, a 'axf M , on,a'=;+=@%#& k[= lelq se/a'=;+=@%#& k[= lelq se/a'=;+=@%#& k[= lelq se/a'=;+=@%#& k[= lelq se/a'=;+=@%#& k[= lelq se/22 leIf' ;'bz{g, leIf' ;'bz{g, leIf' ;'bz{g, leIf' ;'bz{g, leIf' ;'bz{g, g]kfnL ljxf/sf ljz]iftfx?, k[=@ k[=@ k[=@ k[=@ k[=@

KKKKK


ut c+saf6 qmdz ======

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g hRrf j;nf] xf]lt, g hRrf xf]lt a|fXd0ff]sDdgf j;nf] xf]lt, sDdgf xf]lt a|fXd0ff] .

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s] a'4wd{ lxGb"wd{sf] zfvf xf] <

ltnsdfg u'efh", kf]v/f — a'4wd{ lx+;f ub{}g, lx+;fdf ljZjf; ub{}g . Tof]wd{sf] ;Dk"0f{ l;4fGt / Jojxf/ clx+;fTds 5g\ .a'4wd{ / clx+;f olt 3'nldn eP/ a;]sf 5g\ lsa'4wd{ eGgf;fy clx+;fsf] :d/0f x'G5, clx+;fjf]wx'G5 . 5f]6s/Ldf egf}+ eg] a'4wd{ k"0f{¿k]0f clx+;fdfcfwfl/t 5 . t/ lxGb"wd{ To:tf] 5}g, clx+;fdfcfwfl/t 5}g . lxGb" zf:qsf s'g} s'g} kGgfx¿dfclx+;fsf] j0f{g ul/Psf] t kfpg ;lsG5, t/ To;sf]nuQ} / Tof]eGbf w]/} j0f{g o;/L dfl/of], p;/Ldfl/of], To; lsl;dn] aln lb+bf o:tf] kmn k|fKt eof]eGg] b]lvG5g\ .


#%=& cfTdf ;+aGwdf k|i6 wf/0ff 5}ga'4wd{ / lxGb"wd{sf aLr ;}4flGts dte]b ePsf]

csf{] dxTjk"0f{ ljifo 5, Tof] xf]– cfTdf . lxGb"wd{ / To;sf;a} zfvf k|zfvfx? cfTdfdf ljZjf; ub{5g\ / pgLx?nfO{cfTdfjfbL elgG5g\ . pgLx?sf cg';f/ cfTdf cd/ 5,ch/ 5 cyf{t\ Tof] g hN5, g d5{ . dflg;sf] hLjg /d/0fsf] ;fy Tof] ;+o'Qm / ljo'Qm x'G5 . a'4wd{ cfTdfdfGb}g / cfTdfsf] cl:tTj :jLsf/ ub{}g . To;}n] a'4wd{nfO{cgfTdjfbL eGb5g\ . cfTdfsf] ljifodf tyfutn] eg]sf 5g\ls cfTdf ;DaGwdf cgluGtL dtx? 5g\ . sf]xL eG5g\–cfTdf Hofb} ;"Id x'G5 . sf]xL cfTdfnfO{ lg/fsf/ dfG5g\eg] c¿sf]xL csf{] JofVof ub{5g\ . cfTdf ;DaGwdf s'g}lglZrt dt / l;4fGt 5}g . h'g hLj, j:t' of kbfy{cl:tTjdf x'G5, To;af/] lglZrt dt x'g;S5 . h'g5+Fb}5}g, x'Fb} x'Fb}g eg] To;af/] ckm\jfx km}lng', ls+jbGtLx?hf]l8g' tyf To;af/] 7f]; wf/0ff / ljrf/ gx'g' s'g}cfZro{sf] s'/f xf]Og . cfTdf ;DaGwdf dxfslj cZj3f]if/lrta'4rl/qsf] g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fgåf/f g]kfnLdfcg'lbt lstfjdf s] n]lvPsf] 5 eg] ;+zohGo c:ki6,k/:k/ lj/f]wL bz{gsf] cg'z/0f ug'{ plrt xf]Og . cGwsf/dfcGwf] u'?n] 8f]¥ofPsf] cGwf] lzio em}+ x'G5 . lstfjdfelgPsf]5 p2s/fd k'qsf] wd{n] cfTdfnfO{ :jLsf/]sf] x'gfn]pgsf] bfz{lgs ljrf/ l;4fy{ uf}tdn] u|x0f u/]gg\ .uf}tdn] k|i6 eg]sf 5g\ ls Tof] wd{n] dnfO{ g j}/fUo, g1fg, g d'lQm g} lbg;S5 . csf]{, a'4wd{ k|ToIf k|df0fdfG5 . k|ToIf k|df0fsf] cfwf/df cfTdfsf] cl:tTj klxrfggx'g] ePsf]n] tyfut To;;DaGwL ljjfb g} Joy{ / cg'kof]uLdfGg' x'G5 .

#%=* eujfg\ a'4 cfTdf dfGb}gg\;dfhsf] Jojxf/df sf]xL dflg; dbf{ …p;sf] cfTdf

ef+}tfl/Psf]Ú rrf{ u5{g\ . km]l/ cfkm\gf]hg dbf{ …p;sf]cfTdfsf] zflGtsf] nfluÚ eg]/ sfdgf ug{] rng 5 . of]rng a9\b} uPsf]5 . o; lsl;dsf] egfO{ / u/fO{ ;fFrf]eP dflg;sf] z/L/af6 5'6\g' kbf{ cfTdfnfO{ lgZro g}b'Mv nfUg] /x]5 eGg] a'lemG5 . o;af/] !÷@ j6f k|ZgpTkGg x'G5g\ . s] cfTdf / k/dfTdfn] klg b'Mv, ;'vsf]cg'ej ug'{ kb{5< ;'v zflGt t ;a}n] rfxG5 g} xf]nf .t/ s] grfx]sf] b'Mv czflGt ef]Ugklg Tof] afWo 5<z/L/n] t s]xL lqmof u5{ / tbg';f/sf] kmn ef]Ug' kb{5eGg]5 . cfTdfn] s] lqmof ub{5 / p;nfO{ b'Mv x'g],czflGt x'g] ub{5, h;sf] nflu xfdLn] zflGtsf] sfdgf

ul/lbg' kb{5 . cfTdf ;DaGwdf w]/} e|fGt wf/0ff ePsf]n]eujfg\ a'4 cfTdf dfGb}gg\ . cfTdfsf] cl:tTj :jLsf/ub{}gg\ . To;}n] pgsf] bz{gnfO{ cgfTdjfbL bz{g eGb5g\ .

#%=( a'4n] O{Zj/sf] cl:tTj :jLsf/ ub{}gg\a'4wd{n] cfTdf dfq xf]Og, O{Zj/sf] cl:tTj ;DaGwdf

ax; ug'{ klg Tolt pko'Qm ;De+mb}g . lxGb" bz{gsfkl08t dxfkl08tx?n] af}4–bz{gnfO{ gfl:ts ;+1f lbP/rfjf{s bz{gsf] k+lQmdf /fVg] k|of; u/]sf lyP . of] s'/fk|frLg wfld{s Oltxf;sf 1ftfx? ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 .jf:tjdf a'4wd{n] O{Zj/sf] cl:tTj :jLsf/ ub{}g klg .To;/L lgl/Zj/jfbL a'4wd{ h;nfO{ tTsfnLg j}lbswdf{jnDjLx? gfl:ts eGg] ;+1f lbGy]nfO{ lxhf] cfhsfO{Zj/jfbL ljåfgx?n] lsg / s;/L cfkm\gf] zfvfsf]?kdf JofVof ug{ vf]h]sf x'g\, Tof] s'/f ;j{;fwf/0fsf]lrGtg / dggb]lv k/sf] s'/f xf] . of] Ps lj8Dagfs}s'/f xf] ls h'g dxfk'?ifn] O{Zj/sf] cl:tTj :jLsf/]g,p;}nfO{ O{Zj/sf] cjtf/ eg]/ eGg vf]lhPsf] 5 . s] of];'xfpFbf] s'/f xf]< Psflt/ clgZj/jfbL Pjd\ cgfTdjfbLa'4wd{ csf{]lt/ O{Zj/jfbL Pj+ cfTdfjfbL lxGb"wd{ Û s;/Lzfvf x'g]< s;/L k|zfvf x'g]< ha ls oL b'O{ af]6sf h/fg}a]Unf–a]Un} 5g\, cfwf/e"t c+ux?g} km/s–km/s 5g\, kmn /km"n g} cs}{ cs{} 5g\ . lxGb"wd{sf d"ne"t cfwf/, ljz]iftf/ df}lnstfdWo] O{Zj/, cfTdf, j]b, ç, ufO{ j0ff{>d Joj:yfcflb x'g\ . oL s'g} klg s'/fdf lxGb"wd{ / a'4wd{sf] ljrf// dfGotf ldNb}gg\ . km/s km/s 5g\ . clwsf+ztM ljk/Ltklg 5g\ eg] a'4wd{ lxGb"wd{sf] zfvf of xf+uf s;/L x'G5<Tof] egfO{ s;/L ldN5< s;/L k|dfl0ft x'G5< o:tf] s'/fdfklg lsg PstkmL{ k|rf/ k|;f/ eO/x]sf] 5, of] Ps /x:osf]s'/f 5 / a'em\g g;lsg] s'/f 5 . wd{h:tf] ljifodf ;To/ tYonfO{ Psflt/ /fvL, jf:tljstfnfO{ a]jf:tfu/L sf]xLljåfgx?n] eg] eGb}df xf===xf===df nfUg' plrt x'Fb}g . To;/Lxf===xf===df nfu]/ g a'4wd{sf] lxt x'G5, g t lxGb"wd{sf] g}sNof0f x'G5 . wd{df of wfld{s If]qdf g} ;Totf /x]g eg],wd{df tYo e]l§Pgeg], wd{df klg jf:tljstf nf]k eof] eg]c¿ s'g If]qdf ;To kfpg ;lsPnf< of] Ps uDeL/ k|Zg xf]h'g cfhsf g]kfn / ef/tsf ljåfgx?n] x[bo+ud ug'{lgtfGt cfjZos 5 .

#%=!) a'4 k"0f{¿kdf clx+;fjfbL x'g\a'4wd{ lxGb"wd{sf aLr rsf{] dte]b ePsf] csf]{

ljifo 5– lx+;f . a'4wd{ lx+;f ub{}g, lx+;fdf ljZjf;ub{}g . Tof] wd{sf] ;Dk"0f{ l;4fGt / Jojxf/ clx+;fTds


5g\ . a'4wd{ / clx+;f olt 3'nldn eP/ a;]sf 5g\ lsa'4wd{ eGgf;fy clx+;fsf] :d/0f x'G5, clx+;fjf]w x'G5 .5f]6s/Ldf egf}+ eg] a'4wd{ k"0f{?k]0f clx+;fdf cfwfl/t5 . t/ lxGb"wd{ To:tf] 5}g, clx+;fdf cfwfl/t 5}g .lxGb" zf:qsf s'g} s'g} kGgfx?df clx+;fsf] j0f{g ul/Psf]t kfpg ;lsG5, t/ To;sf] nuQ} / Tof]eGbf w]/} j0f{go;/L dfl/of], p;/L dfl/of], To; lsl;dn] aln lb+bfo:tf] kmn k|fKt eof] eGg] b]lvG5g\ . cyf{t\ s'g} lxGb"n]Pp6f xftn] clx+;f k/df] wd{sf] Jofg/ b]vfpF5 eg] of]lgZro 5 ls To;sf] csf]{ xft, bflxg] xftdf, cjZowfl/nf] v'F8f of t/jf/ of wg'ifsf+9n] o'Qm x'g]5 .lxGb"wd{df !* j6f alnsf] zf:qn] ljwfg u/]sf] 5 .To;dWo] k~raln t cfhef]nL klg ug{] g} ul/Psf] 5 .k|frLg wd{zf:qx? a8] a8] cZjd]w o1, g/d]w o1,uf]d]w o1 cfof]hgf ug{] tf}/ tl/sf / j0f{gx?n] el/Psf5g\ . lxGb"wd{sf] clx+;fTds ?k b]vfpg cfhef]ln s;}s;}n] uLtf Rofk]/ ef/tdf clx+;fTds cfGbf]ng ug{] dxfTdfufGwLsf] pbfx/0f lbg] ub{5g\ . dxfTdfufGwLn] uLtfsf] ;f/s]–slt lnof], s;/L lnof], Tof] pgsf] cfkm\gf] s'/f xf] . t/eujfg\ s[i0fsf] d'vf/ljGbaf6 k|ToIf uLtfsf] >j0f ug{kfPsf ch'{gn] uLtfs} k|efjn] ubf{ cfkm\g} ;Gtfgsf] lj/f]wdfwg'ifsfF9f rnfPsf lyP . eujfg\ s[i0fs} k|]/0ffn] Toqf]dxfef/t sf08 dlRrPsf] ;j{ljlbt s'/f xf] . Toltdfqxf]Og, To;kl5sf] cg]s zf:qx? klg snx, if8\oGq /xTofsf] ljj/0fn] el/Psf 5g\ . ptf eujfg\ a'4 To;/Ls;}sf] z/L/ xTof / lx+;f ug'{df ljZjf; ub{}gg\ . af}4o'udfTo:tf] slx+st} ePsf] klg 5}g . cfkm}nfO{ dfg{ cfpg]dflyklg tyfutn] å]ifsf] efj /fVb}gg\ / abnf lng] pDd]b klgub{}gg\ . pgn] o; ;DaGwdf eg]sf 5g\ M–

…glx j]/]g j]/flg ;DdGtLw s'bfrg+ .cj]/]g r ;DdlGt P; wDdf] ;gGtgf] ..Ú

-wDdkb– !÷%_eujfg\ a'4n] slxNo} j}/efjnfO{ j}/efjn] x6fpg]

k|of; u/]gg\, xTofsf] abnf xTof ug{] ljrf/ u/]gg\ .pgsf] clx+;f k/df]wd{ eGg] l;4fGt, l;4fGts} nflu dfqxf]Og, sfuhL dfq xf]Og, b]vfj6Lsf nflu dfq klgxf]Og, pgsf] Tof] l;4fGt lyof], c6n l;4fGt / pgsf]Tof] Jojxf/ lyof]– h:tf];'s} cfklQ–ljklQsf] a]nfdf klgpgn] Tof] l;4fGt 5f8]gg\, Tof] Jojxf/ Tofu]gg\ . pgsf]kfnfdf c+u'nLdfn eGg] Pshgf cToGt 8/nfUbf] 8fFs'lyof] . h;n] !))) hgfnfO{ df/]/ k|To]ssf] Ps–Psj6fcf}+nfsf] dfnf nufpg] cg'i7fg u/]sf] lyof] . pgn] (((

hgfnfO{ dfl/;s]sf] lyof] / cj Pshgf dfq afFsLlyof] . Pshgf kfPdf pgsf] sfo{ k"/f x'g], k|lt1f k"/fx'g] lgZro lyof] . Tolxa]nf pgn] h+undf eujfg\ a'4nfO{b]Vof] . pgsf] sfo{ k"/f ug{] Pshgf dflg; kfP/ pgLv'zL eP/ eujfg\nfO{ dfg{ vf]h], t/ ;s]g . km]l/ k|of;u/], km]l/ ;s]gg\ p cfkm} 5Ss k/], x}/fg eP / cGtdfs]xL ;Lk gnfu]/ pm g} a'4sf] z/0fdf uP . a'4n] z/0flbP . c+u'nLdfn leIf' eP . a'4sf] clx+;fsf] of] Ps ;fgf]pbfx/0f dfq xf] . pgsf] hLjgdf o:tf w]/} 36gfx?36]sf 5g\ .

#%=!! a'4wd{ aln k|yfsf] 3f]/ lj/f]w ub{5lxGb"wd{df plxn] dfq xf]Og, clxn] klg alnk|yfsf]

plQs} rng 5 . xfd|} b]zsf] sltko dxTjk"0f{ wfld{s:ynx?df sf]tx?df s'g–s'g k|f0fLx? s] slt aln lbg]eGg] s'/fsf] sf]6f g} tf]lsPsf] 5 . ;fy} sltko 7fpFx?dfalnlbgsf nflu k|f0fLx? v/Lb ug{] ah]6sf] ;d]t Joj:yfldnfOPsf] x'G5 . o; lsl;dn] lx+;f of clx+;fsf] l;4fGt;DaGwdf klg a'4wd{ / lxGb"wd{sf aLr dtdtfGt/ ePsf]k|i6 b]lvPsf]n] of] s'/f hf]8bf/sf;fy eGg ;lsG5 lsa'4wd{ lxGb" wd{sf] zfvf xf]Og .

#^= a'4 wd{sf] k|efj w]/} cl3 a9]sf] lyof]a'4wd{ lxGb"wd{sf] zfvf xf]Og eGg] s'/f w]/}–w]/}

wdf{Tdfx?n] k|i6?kdf elg;s]sf 5g\ . t}klt aLrdfs]xL :jfyL{ ljåfgx?n] tf]8d/f]8 u/]/ AofVof ul/lb+bfe|d pTkGg ePsf] dfq xf] . o; ;DaGwdf åfl/sf zf/bfkL7fwLZj/ hut\u'? z+s/frfo{ ;lRrbfgGb tLy{ :jfdLn]k|s6 u/]sf] ljrf/ oxfF :d/0fLo 5 . pgn] cfkm\gf] Tof]ljrf/ ef/taf6 k|sflzt x'g] ljlzi6 wfld{s klqsf …sNof0fÚsf] wdf{ª\s ljz]iff+s -jif{ $) ;+Vof !, ! hgj/L !(^^_df …>L hut\ u'? z+s/frfo{ tyf ;gftg wd{ eGg] n]vdfk|i6?kdf cleJoQm u/]sf 5g\ . obf obflx wd{:osf]k|;+udf pgn] n]v]sf 5g\– …slno'usf] k|f/Deb]lv 9fOxhf/ jif{kl5 ha wd{sf] k'gM UnfgL eof], tj ;fIfft\eujfg\ z+s/n] g} cfB z+s/frfo{sf] ?kdf cjtL0f{ eP/wdf{]4f/ u/] . >L dbfB z+s/frfo{sf] rl/q sf] hfGb}g /<pg} cfrfo{ r/0fn] h'g ;dodf cjtf/ lnP, To; ;doef/tsf] l:ylt g} ljlrqsf] lyof]< rfjf{s, nf]sfolts,af}4, h}g cflb j]b gdfGg] tyf sf]xL tflGqs / ljlrqdtjfnfx? k|jn eP/ emu8f ub{y] . a'4wd{sf] k|efj tw]/} cl3 a9L;s]sf] lyof] . ;gftg wd{ n'Kt k|foM eP/uPsf] lyof] .Ú qmdz =========


hLjgsf] cd"No lzIff M ci6 nf]swd{

lzlzn lrqsf/[email protected]

hLjgsf] af/]df ljleGg kl/efiff, ts{, egfO{x?;'Ggdf cfO/xG5g\— lhGbUfL Pp6f ;+3if{ xf], lhGbuLcg'ejx?sf] ;+ufnf] xf], lhGbuL aUg] qmd xf], lhGbuLk/LIff xf], lhGbuL 3fd5Ffof, ;'vb'Mvsf] ;+ud xf] tyflbg/ft xf], cflb OTofbL . hLjgdf cfO/xg] ktem8,jiff{, x'/Latf;, cfFlwj]/L ;'Svfnufotsf ofjt cj:yfx?JolQm jf ;d'x?n] em]ln/x]sf] g} x'G5 / ci6nf]s wd{;'vb'Mv, nfexfgL, dfgckdfg, oZfckozsf] cj:yfklg km/s km/s cj:yfdf e]mln/x]s} x'G5 .

hGdb]lv d[[To';Ddsf] cjlwdf JolQmsf] hLjgdf sof+}36gf b'3{6gfx? 3l6/xG5g\ / ;f]sf] k|efj jf b'ik|efjaf6k'gM 36gfx?sf] qmdj4tfaf6 k]m/L ci6nf]s 3d{{sf] rqmdfclNem/xg' g} jf:tljs lhGbuL xf]Og /< oL ci6nf]swd{sf] axfjnfO{ ;do, JolQm s;}n] 5]Sg ;Sb5 / < x'g]s'/f 36gf s;}Nf} tfg{ ;Sb}gg\< hGd / d[To' olb tfg{;lsFb}g eg] o; aLrsf] cjlwdf x'g] ug]{ s[ofnfkn] s'g}36gf tf/sf] dfGg ;lsb}g j? nf]e å]if df]x jfcnf]ecå]if, cdf]x s'gaf6 k]|l/t s[of xf] ;f]xL cg'?k k'gMsfo{sf/0f l;4fGt cg'?k kl/0ffd ef]Ug afWofTds cj:yfsf]>[hgfjfx]s c? s] dfGg ;lsG5 /< o:sf] cy{ JolQm;d"xn] s'g} sfo{ gu?g ;a} cfkm} 3l6t x'G5 eGg' xf]Ogd"n ;jfn sd{—cs'zn sd{, s'znsd{sf] klxrfg u/Lcs'znsd{af6 ljd'v x''g', s'znsd{k|lt ;hs / clek|]l/tx'g' xf] .

hLjgdf JolQm ;d"xsf] s[ofsnfk b]vfj6L, ;txL,k|rf/k|;f/d'vL eO{ jfxjfx / tfl/km sdfpg]tk{m xf] sL;xL ;Todfu{ lxF8fpg] ky k|bz{s aGg xf] e]b 5'6fpglgtfGt cfjZos b]lvG5 . JolQm ;d"xn] nfe, dfg, oz,;'vsf] sfdgfdf nf]e, å]if, df]x hGo s[ofnkndn] Ifl0fs?kdf nfe jf ;'vk|fKt u/]e+}m nfu] klg o;sf] kl/0ffdb'Mvb\ x'g]df ljdlt gxf]nf . ci6nf]s wd{sf] rf/ ;sf/fTdsc+unfO{ k|fKt ug{ nfnflot x'g', rf/ gsf/fTds cj:yfaf6

ljd'v /xg rfxg' cfZro{ ePg t/ rf/ ;sf/fTds kIfsf]O{R5fsf] nflu unt af6f] cjnDag ug'{ sbflk 7Ls x'g;Sb}gg\ . cfk\mgf] nfe, ;'v, dfg, ozsf] nflu cGoxsbf/sf] xfgL, b'Mv, ckdfg tyf cozsf] sfo{af6;fFRr} nfe, ;'v, dfg, ozk|fKt x'G5 t<

cem egf+} eg] oL rf/ ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTdscj:yf efjnfO{ s'g} ;/n /]vfåf/f ljefhg ug{ emgsl7g b]lvG5 . s'g} cj:yfdf cflYf{s nfe b]lvg] 36gfjf:tjdf ckdfg jf cozsf] sf/s aGg ;Sb5 jfcfly{sxfgLsf] cj:yfdfgjfozsf] sf/s klgjGg ;Sb5 . To:t}u/L s'g} ;'vsf] cj:yfckdfgsf] sf/s tyf b'Mvsf]cj:yf dfgsf] sf/s klg aGg ;Sb5 .

rf/ ;sf/fTds jf gsf/fTds cj:yfnfO{ ;/n/]vfåf/f ljefhg ug{ sl7g 5 eg] Pp6} cj:yf egf+};'vnfO{ dfq x]g]{ xf] eg] s:tf] cj:yfnfO{ ;'v dfGg]<cfk"mn] eg]sf] cj:yf kl/k"lt{ eO/xg', s'g} b'Mv gx'g',JolQm cfk\mgf] / gft]bf/ Oi6ldq ;a}sf] ;'vb\ cj:yfnfO{;'v dfgL o;}df /dfO/xg' dfq ;'v xf] t< k]m/L of]cj:yf hlxn] klg oyfl:yltdf t /xg ;Sb}gg\ k'gMcGo cj:yf b'Mv, cnfe, xfgL jf ckozsf] cj:yf klgcfO/xG5 . o;/L hLjgnfO{ ;+3if{, ktem8, lg/Gt/ aUg]

— ci6nf]s wd{df lrQ ljrlnt gx'g] Ifdtfsf]ljsf; ug{' dfgjhLjgsf] ;fy{stf xf], ci6nf]swd{df ;hutf, ;ts{tf ckgfpg' cnf]e, cå]if,cdf]xaf6 ljd'v EfO{ s'znsd{sf] klxrfg ug{ ;Ifdtfx'g] k|of; ug'{ g} dfgj hLjgsf] ;fy{stfl;4 x'gcfpF5 .

— dgåf/f ul/g] sfo{sf] ljefhg vf]Hg' emg\emg\sl7g b]lvG5 eg] JolQm ;dfhn] ci6nf]s wd{sf];xL klxrfg ug{ JolQmsf] sfo{, ;f]r Ifdtfdf clea[l4ug'{sf] ljsNk /xFb}g . o;sf] nflu u[x:yx?sf] cfwf/:tDesf] ?kdf k~rzLn kfngsf] ckl/xfo{tf:jtMl;4 x'G5 .


j[4f>dnfO{ ;xof]u

lbj+ut leIf' ;'d+un dxf:ylj/af6 :yflkt tyfxfn a'4ljxf/ e[s'6Ld08kaf6 ;+/lIft ag]kfsf] af}4j[4f>dnfO{ ef}lts k"jf{wf/, cf>d ;+rfngfy{ s'g}klg?kdf >4fn' bftfx?af6 ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg'x'G5, oxfFx?sf]cfly{s ;xof]un] dfq cf>dnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lsg]ePsfn] j[4f>d ;xof]usf] ck]Iff /fVb5 .

o;}qmddf j[4f>dsf nflu ;xof]u ug]{ lgDgbftfx?nfO{ j[4f>dsf] tkm{af6 xflb{s ;fw'jfb JoQm ub{5 .

!_ c;f]h ^ ut] >L s[i0f clwsf/Lsf] hGdf]T;jsf]pknIfdf ef]hg bfg .

@_ c;f]h !) ag]kf, sfe|]sf /f]6fl/og cWoIf /fdKof/Ljh|frfo{, e"k" cWoIf e"jgsfhL dfgGw/nufot/f]6fl/og ;b:ox?af6 b;}+sf] pknIfdf ef]hg .

#_ !* ut] k'mnkftLsf lbg a'4ljxf/sf k|d'v Pj+cf>dsf cWoIf leIf' sf]08Gosf] hGdf]T;jsf]pknIodf ef]hg bfg;lxt cfjZos ;/;fdfu|Lk|bfg .

$_ af}4 j[4f>dsf nflu a'4ljxf/df /flvPsf] rGbfafs;af6 k|fKt ;xof]u /sd ?= #,$*%. -tLgxhf/rf/;o krf;L_ .

d}qLk"0f{ z'e]R5f;lxt M cf>dsf] ;xof]ufy{

;a} dxfg'efjx?n] ;Dks{ ug{ ;Sg'x'g]5 — cWoIf, leIf' sf]08Go

af}4 j[4f>d, ag]kfkmf]gM )!!–^^@*$(, -tLg bf]af6f] x'Fb} gfnfhfg] Wofgdfu{_

gu/ ;Dks{ M a'4ljxf/ e[s'6Ld08k, kmf]gM (*%!)$^!**, $@@^&)@

;Nnfxsf/ M b}j1/fh sfo:y, ag]kf, kmf]gM (*$#)@)^$^

ofqf eg] klg ci6nf]s wd{sf] cj:yf rqmaf6 u'h|l/xg'g} xf] eg] JolQm ;d"xn] of] cj:yfdf ug'{kg]{ w}o{ jf;hstf jf km]/L ul/g] sfo{ g} jf:tljs k/LIff xf] . csf]{zAbdf eGg'kbf{ ci6nf]s wd{ g} hLjg xf] . ci6nf]swd{df lrQ ljrlnt gx'g] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{' dfgjhLjgsf];fy{stf xf], ci6nf]s wd{df ;hutf, ;ts{tf ckgfpg'cnf]e, cå]if, cdf]xaf6 ljd'v EfO{ s'znsd{sf] klxrfgug{ ;Ifdtf x'g] k|of; ug'{ g} dfgjhLjgsf] ;fy{stfl;4x'g cfpF5 .

k|;Ëjz wDdkbsf s]xL Znf]s ;fGble{s x'G5 MglTy /fu;df] clUu— glTy bf];;df] sln .glTy vGw;dfb'Svf— glTy ;lGt k/+ ;'v+ ..cy{ M /fu ;dfgclUg c? 5}g, å]if ;dfg ck/fw

c? 5}g, k~r:sGw ;dfg b'Mv 5}g, zflGt ;dfg ;'v5}g . -M wDdkb @)@, cg'= cd[tfgGb_

o:; kfk+ st+ sDd+—s';n]g lkyLolt .;f]Úd+ nf]s+ kef;]lt—cAef d'Qf]Új rlGbdf ..cy{ Mh:n] cfk"mn] u/]sf] kfksd{nfO{ s'znsd{åf/f

5f]K5, To;n] of] nf]sdf afbnaf6 lg:s]sf] rGb|dfn] e}mk|sfz lbG5 . -M wDdkb, !&# _

Dffly elgPe}m+ ljleGg cj:yfx?sf] aLr ;/n /]vfåf/fljefhg ug{ sl7g em+} s'znsfo{ cs'znsfo{sf] ljefhgklg emg sl7g b]lvG5 . cfk"mnfO{ 7Ls nfu]sf] sfo{s'zn jf a]7Ls nfu]sf sfo{ cs'zn eg]/ ;Lwf JofVofug{ c;fGble{s x'G5 rfx] ;txL ?kdf kl/0ffd ;sf/fTdse}+m nfu] klg . cem o;df dgåf/f ul/g] sfo{sf] ljefhgvf]Hg' emg\emg\ sl7g b]lvG5 eg] JolQm ;dfhn] ci6nf]swd{sf] ;xL klxrfg ug{ JolQmsf] sfo{, ;f]r Ifdtfdfclea[l4 ug'{sf] ljsNk /xFb}g . o;sf] nflu u[x:yx?sf]cfwf/ :tDesf] ?kdf k~rzLn kfngsf] ckl/xfo{tf:jtMl;4 x'G5 .

;Gbe{ c:qz:q kl/Tofu lbjz M;d|f6 czf]sn] z:qTofu u/]sf] bzdL lgs6 5 eg]

JolQm ;d"xn] klg hLjgsf] cd"No lzIff— ci6nf]s wd{sf]sf/s tTjsf] ?ddf nf]e å]if, df]x tyf cnf]e, cå]if,cdf]xsf] ljefhg tyf s'zn / cs'znsfo{sf] e]b kf/nfpg ;Ifdtf a9fpg] cj;/sf] ?dkf of] lbj; dgfpg;s"g\ . o;}df ;a}sf] sNof0f 5 .

;a}sf] ljho xf];\ Û ;a}sf] dËn xf];\ Û


nfe/Tgof Rj;f+ lkHjMu' lgk' Do]

nfe/Tg t'nfw/

Do] hnf -uhn_

5+u' dltgf+ y'lnlrt, JofUn+ toflan yMkfv+]Dxdl;of jg ;'+ 5Dx+, Gxfkf ;QLlk+ ;";'y]+

u'ln ch"rfofk' dltgf yMln;] afo\ dflnu';sn k/3l/ h'Os tf]tfM of]Dx 5ln;] uo\ Xjg] ..

wfO k"hf w}u' dv' 5'+ k|]d jf dltgf Yj x]k|]d ofgf jMu' l;/kfM cfM Yj kMvfM uo\ y'g]

d"lt{ u''u' g'uno\ :jgf Bf] efMlkof k"hf laofyf}+ pls+ x] yMt k'gfxM cfM u'yfo\ k'OF xfMjg]

k|]d—k"hf 5'+ dy"lk+ y'ldt ;' jofM y'Olsu';Lj Djfo\ by' nFo\ oufgfM k|]d—afv+ uo\ sg]

:jf+ ;'lt+ bfo\s]j gL HjL, k|]d hL HjL Vjlanv+5Gt Vjla k'k'nL b'aLsfM d]u' :jfk" uo\ :jg] ..

xfs'u' Yj g'uM 5ftL ;'r'sfM5+u' n'vfo\ uy] jo\u'x] ;j{1 ;gftg eujg\u'ln lndnfsf Rjg]u' ..w'..

5+ 5\jofxn bM y'u' ;+;f/o\or'u' g'uM b'g] 3fsfMtMwL h"ln;] r+v h'of lh+lrQo\ RofM RofM yfsf

lvltkfFo\ tfMtfMyfMu' Yj dgofrftM u'sy+ km's]u' ..!..Rjo\Ajg] ;M;f+ u'an]+ 5+u'gf+ sfsf+ Do] dxfnfldvf sl5gf d'nalt+ Yofgf5+t n'd+s] d5fnf

dg b'g]of sf ! tf/ ra't cfMu'sy+ ehg xfn]u' ..@..

;2] Yj kfln GXofsfM u'an]+b]uM rfMlxn] dh'n5+t k'HofMyfo\ Yo+sfM u'an]+Sj5'gfM clgofo\ d;n

x] s?0ffdo sfon HjLw'gcfM lh+ 5Gt 5' 5fo\u' ..#..

xfs'u' g'uM


The Buddha, when Heconverted a non-Buddhist,got the convert to promisefive things, These fivepromises are called' Panca Sila ' (The FivePrecepts).

The first promise ofthese five is that ' I promisenot to kill any living being. 'This indicates that theprimary quality a Buddhistshould possess is non-violence. The Buddhadenounced all forms ofviolence. The Buddhaasked loving-kindness tobe extended not only tomen, but even to allanimals.

All are frightened of punishment. All dreaddeath. Therefore, since one is frightened ofpunishment and death, taking one's own self asthe example, refrain from killing others. You mustnot destroy.

All are frightened of punishment. All love life.Therefore, since one is frightened of punishmentand death, taking one's own self as the example,refrain from killing others. You must not destroy.Only the Buddha and Mahavira showed kindnessto animals. Other religious leaders did not. Those

other religious leaders encouraged the killing andeating of animals. In consequence, those otherreligious teachers will not receive the respect ofanimals.

Mahavira wentbeyond the extremes ofnon-violence. His mainDoctrine is non-violence.He thought even waterhad life. He considers thesailing of ships andcanoes suppressingwater, as a sin. Sinceminor insects get killedwhen we breathe in andbreathe out, he suggestedthat we should cover ournose and mouth with apiece of cloth. He doesnot even approve of' t i k o t i p a r i s u d d h amamsa ' (flesh that isharmless in three ways)which has been allowedby the Budhha.

As a result of this, no follower of Jainism takemeat or fish. Due to this extreme non-violence,Jainism became a difficult religion to practise.Jainism never spread outside India. Since insectsget killed even in the cultivation process, the Jainsdo not indulge in any other industries or crafts,than trade.

(based on "The Greatest Man Who EverLived - The Supreme Buddha")

The Buddha is the Greatest Exponent ofNon-Violence

- Ven. Weragoda Sarada Maha Thero


af}4 ultljlw sf]/;f k|:t'lt

leIf' dxf;+3sf] ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DkGg# c;f]h, cfgGbs'6L ljxf/, :jo\De" . clvn

g]kfn leIf' dxf;‹sf] @@ cf}+ ;fwf/0f ;ef wfld{s ljlwk"j{s;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;+3;b:ox? aLr e]nfnuQ} lq/Tgu'0ffg':d/0f, d]Q;'Q, b;wDd;'Qkf7kl5 clvn g]kfnleIf' dxf;+3sf cWoIf leIf' d}qL dxf:ylj/sf] ;efkltTjdf;'? ePsf] ;f] ;+3e]nfsf] k|yd ;qdf pkfWoIf leIf' ;'d]wdxf:ylj/n] :jfut dGtJo JoQm ug'{eof] . g]kfnsf &cf}+;+3gfos leIf' 1fgk"l0f{s dxf:ylj/af6 pkl:yt ;+3e]nfnfO{cf]jfbb]zgfkl5 dxf;lrj leIf' sf]08Goaf6 clvn g]kfnleIf' dxf;+3sf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug{'eof]] eg] sf]iffWoIfleIf' af]lw1fgn] cfly{s jif{ @)&%.)&^ sf] jflif{s lx;fak|:t't ug'{eof] .

bf]>f] ;qdf ;+3pkgfos leIf' af]lw;]gdxf:ylj/af6 pkl:yt ;+3e]nfnfO{ cf]jfbb]zgfkl5 n'lDagLy]/jfb a'4ljxf/, Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;+of]hs leIf'tk:;LwDdaf6 k|ltj]b k|:t't ePnuQ} n'lDagL y]/jfba'4ljxf/ lgdf{0f ;ldltsf ;+of]hs leIf' ;4flt:; tyfcGo leIf'x? k~`fd"lt{, el2o, pklt:;, zf]let, sf]lnt,ljdnf], 1fg]Gb|, wDdfgGbnufot pkl:yt ;+3;b:ox?n]lh1f;f;lxt ;'emfj k|:t't ug'{eof] .

;fw'jfb 1fkg;lxt c=g]=le= dxf;+3sf cWoIfleIf' d}qL dxf:ylj/n] dGtJo;lxt ;ef lj;h{g ug'{ePsf];f] ;ef ;lrj leIf' /fx'n dxf:ylj/ Pj+ sfo{sfl/0fL;b:o leIf' tk:;LwDdaf6 ;ef ;+rfng ug'{ePsf] hfgsf/Lk|fKt ePsf] 5 .

czf]s :tDe 8'afgdf% c;f]h, slknj:t' . slknj:t' gu/kflnsf–

%, l:yt P]ltxfl;s tyf k'/ftflTjs :yn uf]l6xjfsf]dxTjk"0f{ czf]s :tDe kfgLdf 8'a]sf] 5 . kfgLdf 8'Abfl;k]h eO{ ;fN6 PS;gsf sf/0f IfoLs/0f x'G5 .

:tDe xNsfkm'Nsf anf}6] 9'+ufaf6 ag]sf] 5 .…kfgLdf 8'Abf Soflkn/L PS;g x'G5,Ú jl/i7 k'/ftTjljb\j;Gt la8f/Ln] eg], …To;n] 9'+ufnfO{ c;/ k'¥ofpF5 .Úpgsf] cg';f/ kfgLdf 8'Abf 9'+ufn] kfgL ;f]:5 / To;n]ubf{ sdhf]/ agfpFb} n}hfG5 .

…:tDesf] ;+/If0fdf Wofg glbFbf sdhf]/ aGb}uPsf] 5. ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo n'lDagL ljsf; sf]if r'krfka;]sf] 5,Ú :yfgLo jL/]Gb| rf}w/Ln] eg] . …of] jif{ a}zfv;'?b]lv 8'Ab} cfPsf] 5. jiff{sf ;dodf yf]/} ePklg 8'a]s}x'G5. t/ jif{ a}zfv / efb|df dlxgf a9L 8'Aof] . #,$ lbgcl3sf] kfgLn] ;a}eGbf a9L 8'afgdf k/]sf] 5 .Ú

hldgsf] ;xteGbf :tDe tn ePsf sf/0f kfgLkgf{;fy 8'afgdf kg]{ u/]sf] n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifsf k'/ftTjclws[t lxdfn pk|]tLsf] egfO 5 .

l;+uf] af}4 Oltxf; gfz x'g] vt/f /x]sf] :yfgLocu'jf t]hs'df/ af}4frfo{n] atfP. k'/ftTj ljefu;Fu;dGjo u/]/ ;+/If0fsf] of]hgf agfO{/x]sf] n'lDagL ljsf;sf]if of]hgf k|aGws ;/f]h e6/fO{n] bfaL u/] .

uf]l6xjf lgSs} dxTjk"0f{ :yn xf] . ef/tLo ;d|f6czf]s a'4:ynsf] tLyf{6g ug{ cfpFbf oxfF cfPsf lyP .lrgf]sf ?kdf :tDe agfPsf lyP . uf]l6xjf eujfg\a'4eGbf klxn]sf qms'R5Gb a'4sf] hGd:yn / lgjf{0f:yn xf] eGg] dgf]h kf}8]naf6 hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 .


@@*! cf}+ z:qkl/Tofu lbj; ;DkGg!! c;f]h, sf7df8f}+ . y]/jfb af}4 bfos s]Gb|Lo

kl/ifb\ Pj+ u0fdxfljxf/sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf æ@@*! cf}+z:qkl/Tofu lbj;Æ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . leIf' zf]letdxf:ylj/;dIf k~rzLn k|fy {gfkl5 sf7df8f } +dxfgu/kflnsfsf pkk|d'v xl/k|ef v8\uL >]i7sf] k|d'vcfltYoTj Pj+ bfos kl/ifb\sf cWoIf avt axfb'/ lrqsf/sf];efkltTjdf z:qkl/Tofu lbj; sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .

:d/0fLo /xf];\ bfos kl/ifb\af6 ljut @% jif{b]lvz:q kl/Tofu lbj; dgfpFb} cfO/x]sf] xf] . kl/ifb\n]g]kfndf kz'aln /f]Sg ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf @)&% d+l;/ !!ut] l/6 lgj]bg lbPsf] / k'gM cfpFbf] sflt{s !& ut]sflbg k]zL tf]lsPsf] kl/ifb\sf cWoIf avt axfb'/ lrqsf/af6hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 .

kz'aln /f]Sg kz's} e]ifdf ¥ofnL!! c;f]h, sf7df08f}+ . bz}+ cfof], Jofks ?kdf

aln lbg] lbg klg cfof] . bz}+nfO{ clxF;fTds agfpg]cleofg rn]sf] jiff{}+ eof] t/ alnk|yf vf;} 36\g ;s]sf]5}g . alnk|yf lxF;fsf] k|lts ePsf] eGb} ljleGg wd{sfu'? tyf ;j{;fwf/0fn] lrGtf k|s6 u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx?n]aln lbOg] ljleGg hLjhGt'sf] e]if nufP/ kz'anL aGbu/f}+ eGb} ¥ofnL cfof]hgf u/]sf 5g\ .

rGb|flu/L gu/kflnsfsf] lsl;lkl8df cjl:ytPlxk:;Lsf] a'l4i6 kmfpG8];gn] wd{sf] gfddf kz'anLgu/f}+ eGb} ¥ofnL;lxt sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] .wd{sf] gfddf kz'anL lbg] k|yf unt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg o;n]lg/Gt/tf kfPsf] eGb} clx+;fjfbLx?n] lrGtf JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .

zflGtsf nflu cGt/wfld{s cleofg4f/f cfof]lhtsfo{qmd Plxkl:;sf] a'l4i6 kmfp08]zg k|d'v cfof]hgtyf o'y wDd km]ldnLsf] ;xcfof]hgdf ePsf] xf] . ¥ofnLsf]p6\3f6g rGb|flu/L gu/kflnsf–% sf j8f cWoIf sfG5fefO

dxh{gn] u/]sf lyP . ¥ofnL lsl;lkl8sf] nf5L 6f]naf6;'? eO{ yfgsf]6sf] lhtjg ljxf/df uP/ ;dfkg ePsf]]lyof] . sfo{qmddf ljleGg af}4 ljxf/af6 leIf', cgfufl/sf,u'?x?, af}4 kl/olQ lzIfs lzlIfsf, ljwfyL{, pkf;spkfl;sf tyf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;xeflutf lyof] .

lxGb", d'l:nd, O{;fO{ wd{sf u'?x?sf] pkl:yltsfo{qmdsf] k|d'v cfsif{0f ag]sf] lyof] . ¥ofnLkl5sf]sfo{qmddf pgLx?n] clx+;fsf] kIfdf ljrf/ /fv]sf lyP .

sfo{qmddf zflGtsf nflu cGt/wfld{s cleofgsLcWoIf ;Ldf vfgn] kz'aln cGTo ug]{ cleofgdf cfkm" klg;xdt /x]sf] atfOg\ . To;}u/L clvn g]kfn leIf' dxf;+3sfsfo{s/0fL ;b:o leIf' czf]sn] z/L/, jrg / dgaf6 s'g}klg k|sf/sf] lx+;f ug{ x'Gg eGg] a'4jrg :d/0f u/fP .

Xo'dfgL ;f];fO6L OG6/g]zgnsL g]kfn sG6«L 8fO/]S6/tg'hf a:g]tn] lghL :jfy{ k"/f ug{ kz'sf] xTof ug{' unt

/x]sf] atfOg\ . To;}u/L Plxkl:;sf] a'l4i6 kmfp08]zgsfpkfWoIf lq/Tg dxh{gn] cfˆgf] u'7Ldf kz'anL /f]Sgsfnflu kxn u/]sf] cg'ej ;'gfpFb} clx+;fdo g]jf/ ;d'bfoagfpg ;a} cu|;/ x'g'kg]{ atfP .

sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly rGb|flu/L gu/kflnsfsfd]o/ 3gZofd lu/Ln] cfufdL lbgdf clx+;fsf] of] cleofgnfO{lg/Gt/tf lbg gu/kflnsfn] ;fy lbg] atfP .

Plxkl:;sf] a'l4i6 kmfpG8]zgsf cWoIf leIf' lkob:;Ln]sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg ub}{ kz'aln unt ePsf] / wd{ /kz'alnsf] s'g} ;DaGw g/x]sf] atfpg'ePsf] cl:dtf If]qLaf6hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 ._


.. gdf]t:; eujtf] c/xtf] ;Ddf;Da'4:; ..

clgRrfjt ;+vf/f, pKkfbjo wlDdgf] .

pklhTjf lg¿HemlGt t];+ pmkf] ;df] ;'vf]lt ..

.. lgjf{0f sfdgfof;] n'dlGt ..

lhld 5]+of d"hM ;bf+ n'd+s]axDx lhld ltl/do\h'

?kzf]ef t'nfw/db'Dx jo\sMoft ;bf+ b'Mv+ d'Qmu' lgjf{0f ;'v ofsg+ r'nfo]df wsfM sfdgf ofgf .

gfk+ y'u' b'Mvof Ono\ lhldu' dg lrOt xMkfM laofbLlk+÷laHofMlk+ ;sn yMlylt, hMnfvMnf,

kf;f j sNof0fldq u0flk+t ;fw'jfb b]5fof .

hxfg M k|]d ;'Gb/ t'nfw/

sfo\÷ef}lk+cg'/ ;'Gb/ t'nfw/÷/]a]Ssf t'nfw/

;lnn ;'Gb/ t'nfw/÷lk+sL t'nfw/

Dx\ofo\÷lhnfh+lk+;'nUgf÷k"0f{ Hof]lt s+;fsf/

;lugf÷O{/h b]j dfgGw/

5'OlgAafg tfd|fsf/

5o\lk+÷lhnfn+c/xt ;'Gb/ t'nfw/

ch/ ;'Gb/ t'nfw/

lqu'0f t'nfw/, h'ltdf t'nfw/

cf>o Hof]lt s+;fsf/

:g]x tf/f÷;+ho tfd|sf/

ol/sf dfgGw/, ol/s dfgGw/

The Ananda Bhoomi (Year 47, Vol. 6) a=;' += @%^# g ]=; += !!#( A … · 2019-11-05 · a'=; += @%^#...

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Transcript of The Ananda Bhoomi (Year 47, Vol. 6) a=;' += @%^# g ]=; += !!#( A … · 2019-11-05 · a'=; += @%^#...