The American System

• Proposed by Henry Clay• Program of national

economic development• Supported by Madison & the

D-Rs• Three Components:

– Bank of the United States– Protective Tariffs– Development of roads and

canals

Second Bank of the U.S. 1816 (BUS)

• D-Rs had allowed the 1st Bank of the U.S. to expire in 1811

• 1816: reversed their opinion– State & local banks had

begun printing their own money leading to depreciation

• Passed and given a 20 year charter

• Not supported by the Federalists

Tariff of 1816

• 1st protective tariff in U.S. history

• 1815: England & U.S. were trading again

• British goods threatened U.S. manufacturers

• Congress (w/Madison’s approval) passes a tariff to protect the production of American goods

• 20-25% tax on some imported goods

• Not supported by the Federalists

Development of roads and canals

• Madison supported NATIONAL development

• Government would only support INTERstate roads and canals

• INTRAstate roads and canals had to be funded by the states

• Madison would veto any legislation for intrastate transportation

The Election of 1816

The Basics

• Two term President

• 1817-1825• Country united

under 1 political party

Death of the Federalists

• Lost popular support because of the War of 1812 and the Hartford Convention

• Last election they participated in was 1816

The Election of 1820

John Quincy Adams

• J.Q. Adams was the Secretary of State under Monroe

• ALL foreign relations accomplishments were due to him

Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817)

• Treaty signed between Britain & the U.S.

• Demilitarized the Great Lake region– BRITAIN FINALLY LEAVING!!

• Final end to the hostilities between the 2 nations

Treaty of 1818

• Between Britain & the U.S.

• Established a border between British Canada & U.S. at the 49th parallel

• Britain & U.S. agree to share Oregon

Adams–Onis Treaty (1819)

• 1817: Andrew Jackson attacks Spanish forts in Florida

• Convinces the Spanish the can not defend it any longer

• 1819 Treaty: the U.S. will buy Florida from Spain and agree to a southern border

The United States: 1824

Monroe Doctrine (1823)• Spain’s colonies in the

W. Hemisphere declaring their independence

• U.S. only country to recognize them

• Holy Alliance offers to help Spain re-colonize

• What to do?• England offers to make a

joint statement – Adams says NO

• December 2, 1823 Monroe presents the Doctrine to Congress

• European powers no longer able to colonize or interfere in the Western Hemisphere

• Britain enforced

Panic of 1819• 1st major financial crisis of

the U.S. • Causes:

– End of European Wars– Land Speculation

• Blamed on the BUS• Began a confrontation

between the North and South regarding tariffs that would continue until the Civil War

The “Peculiar Institution” called Slavery

• Northern states had all abolished slavery by 1819

• Cotton Gin invented by Eli Whitney in 1793

• Cotton became “King” as the southern cash crop

• VERY labor intensive

• Slavery became entrenched in the Southern way of life

Western Settlement• Explosive westward movement between 1800 & 1820

• ¼ of the population moved west

18101810 18201820

Western Settlement• Reasons:

– Cheap Land– Land Exhaustion– Economic Stress– Crushing of the Indians

• New States: AL (1819), IL (1818), IN (1816), KY (1792), LA (1812), MS (1817), OH (1803), and TN (1796)

• States entered alternately as slave or non-slave to maintain a balance

• Divided at the Mason Dixon Line

Missouri Compromise (1820)

• 1820 Missouri applied for statehood

• Problem?– Wanted to be a slave state– Would upset the sectional balance of 11-11

• North did not want South to have advantage in the Senate

• South did not want North to have both the HOR & Senate

Missouri Compromise (1820)• Tallmadge Amendment

proposed:– Proposed a gradual end to

slavery• North agreed – passed in the

HOR• South disagreed – failed in the

Senate• Henry Clay proposed a

Compromise– MO admitted as slave– ME admitted as free– No Slavery above the 36°30’

line• Both sides agreed

The Candidates

John Quincy John Quincy AdamsAdams[MA][MA]

Henry ClayHenry Clay[KY][KY] William H. William H.

CrawfordCrawford[GA][GA]

Andrew Andrew JacksonJackson

[TN][TN]

All are from the SAME political party:Democratic-Republicans

The Election of 1824