The American RevolutionThe American Revolution

Mrs. CarterMrs. Carter

APUSHAPUSH

The Shot Heard Round the WorldThe Shot Heard Round the World

Gage ordered men to capture American Gage ordered men to capture American ammunition form a storehouse in Concordammunition form a storehouse in Concord

Paul Revere was sent to alert the militia Paul Revere was sent to alert the militia “The British Are Coming!”“The British Are Coming!”

Militia meets British troops in Lexington Militia meets British troops in Lexington for the first confrontationfor the first confrontation

News spread, bringing more militiaNews spread, bringing more militia

ConcordConcord

Militia meet British troops on the bridge in Militia meet British troops on the bridge in Concord for their second confrontation.Concord for their second confrontation.

Militia attacks killing several British soldiersMilitia attacks killing several British soldiers British head back toward Boston, but are attacked British head back toward Boston, but are attacked

at several points along the way by minutemenat several points along the way by minutemen British realize their greatest obstacle is fighting an British realize their greatest obstacle is fighting an

armed population who are defending their land armed population who are defending their land and country.and country.

22ndnd Continental Congress Continental CongressMay 10, 1775May 10, 1775

All 13 colonies were presentAll 13 colonies were present Resolved to create a “Continental Army” with G. Resolved to create a “Continental Army” with G.

Washington as the com. in chiefWashington as the com. in chief Olive Branch Petition-last appeal to the king, Olive Branch Petition-last appeal to the king,

attempt to reconcileattempt to reconcile Declaration of the Causes and Necessities of Declaration of the Causes and Necessities of

Taking Up Arms- would rather die free than live Taking Up Arms- would rather die free than live as slavesas slaves

Appointed negotiators to keep the peace with the Appointed negotiators to keep the peace with the IndiansIndians

BattlesBattles

Ticonderoga- Ethan Allen led band of New Ticonderoga- Ethan Allen led band of New Englanders to surprise attack the British- Englanders to surprise attack the British- unauthorized attackunauthorized attack

Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill)- Brits Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill)- Brits won with many casualtieswon with many casualties

Washington forced British out of Boston Washington forced British out of Boston HarborHarbor

Battle of Moore’s Creek Bridge- Rebels Battle of Moore’s Creek Bridge- Rebels defeat Loyalistsdefeat Loyalists

22ndnd Continental Congress Reconvenes Continental Congress ReconvenesSeptember 1775September 1775

Decided to build an American navyDecided to build an American navy Make contacts with foreign nationsMake contacts with foreign nations Declared ports open to all nations- Declared ports open to all nations-

particularly France and Spainparticularly France and Spain

Common SenseCommon Sensea pamphlet by Thomas Painea pamphlet by Thomas Paine

Arguments in support of independenceArguments in support of independence Named King George III as a tyrantNamed King George III as a tyrant Opportunity to “begin the world over Opportunity to “begin the world over

again”again” Monarchy and aristocracy are outdatedMonarchy and aristocracy are outdated Helped to reshape thought and public Helped to reshape thought and public

opinion- pushed the idea of independence to opinion- pushed the idea of independence to the front of everyone’s mindthe front of everyone’s mind

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

June 1776- Richard Henry Lee suggested June 1776- Richard Henry Lee suggested dissolving political connection with Britaindissolving political connection with Britain

Committee was formed to create a draft Committee was formed to create a draft declaration of independence- writing of the declaration of independence- writing of the draft fell to Thomas Jeffersondraft fell to Thomas Jefferson

July 2July 2ndnd- voted in favor of independence- voted in favor of independence July 4July 4thth- Congress approved an altered - Congress approved an altered

version of Jefferson’s draftversion of Jefferson’s draft

American MoraleAmerican Morale

Key factor in the outcome of the war was Key factor in the outcome of the war was popular support for Americanspopular support for Americans

Problem with Patriot desertionProblem with Patriot desertion Patriots made a point to make all Americans Patriots made a point to make all Americans

think about the Revolution and to choose think about the Revolution and to choose sides- even the most apatheticsides- even the most apathetic

Women’s RolesWomen’s Roles

Managed farms and businesses (A. Adams)Managed farms and businesses (A. Adams) Involved politically by writing articles Involved politically by writing articles

scornful of Loyalistsscornful of Loyalists Volunteered as seamstresses, cooks, nurses, Volunteered as seamstresses, cooks, nurses,

and even spiesand even spies Some stayed with men at army Some stayed with men at army

encampments (M. Washington)encampments (M. Washington) Some fought on battlefiedSome fought on battlefied

““Angel of the Battlefield”Angel of the Battlefield”Molly PitcherMolly Pitcher

Loyalists and ToriesLoyalists and Tories

Conservative politically, supported BritainConservative politically, supported Britain Strongest in the South/Weakest in the NEStrongest in the South/Weakest in the NE Anglican clergy, British officialsAnglican clergy, British officials Slaves because their owners were Patriots, some Slaves because their owners were Patriots, some

fighting for promised freedomfighting for promised freedom Indians because they feared American expansionIndians because they feared American expansion Many “rode the fence” waiting to see who was Many “rode the fence” waiting to see who was

going to win the wargoing to win the war

Punishing the LoyalistsPunishing the Loyalists

Patriots passed a state treason act- Patriots passed a state treason act- prohibited writing or speaking out against prohibited writing or speaking out against the Revolutionthe Revolution

Deprived L. of their civil liberties, without Deprived L. of their civil liberties, without trialtrial

Mob Violence- PA, NY, MassMob Violence- PA, NY, Mass– Grand Tory Ride- astride a metal fence post Grand Tory Ride- astride a metal fence post – Tar and FeatheringTar and Feathering

Tar and FeatheringTar and Feathering

Benedict ArnoldBenedict Arnold

Early American heroEarly American hero Became a spy for the Became a spy for the

BritishBritish Became a British Became a British

general after being general after being discovereddiscovered

Most hated man of the Most hated man of the RevolutionRevolution

Washington Crossing the Washington Crossing the DelawareDelaware

Washington led a Washington led a surprise counterattack surprise counterattack against the Hessian against the Hessian troops in NJtroops in NJ

He crossed the He crossed the Delaware River on Delaware River on Christmas Night in Christmas Night in 17761776

Defeated HessiansDefeated Hessians Drove British back to Drove British back to

NYCNYC Helped moraleHelped morale

Battle at SaragogaBattle at Saragoga

Americans defeated British troopsAmericans defeated British troops Improved moraleImproved morale Forced European nations (France) to realize Forced European nations (France) to realize

that Americans might win the warthat Americans might win the war

Valley ForgeValley Forge

Continental Army, under G. Washington Continental Army, under G. Washington spent a 6 mo. Encampment herespent a 6 mo. Encampment here

Brutally cold winterBrutally cold winter Very few supplies and little foodVery few supplies and little food Low moraleLow morale Winter of ‘77- ‘78Winter of ‘77- ‘78

Franco- American AllianceFranco- American Alliance

B. Franklin visited Paris to negotiate an alliance B. Franklin visited Paris to negotiate an alliance with the Frenchwith the French

11stst- seen as children having a temper tantrum- seen as children having a temper tantrum France was nervous to support colonial revoltFrance was nervous to support colonial revolt After Saratoga- French became more interested in After Saratoga- French became more interested in

helping and recognized the United States as an helping and recognized the United States as an independent nationindependent nation

France declared war in June 1778France declared war in June 1778

John Paul JonesJohn Paul Jones“I have not yet begun to fight”“I have not yet begun to fight”

Captain of the Captain of the Bonhomme RichardBonhomme Richard

Naval battle with the Naval battle with the HMS SerapisHMS Serapis

Defeated the British Defeated the British after declaring after declaring infamous lineinfamous line

Joined Russian navy Joined Russian navy when American navy when American navy was dissolvedwas dissolved

““Liberty to Slaves”Liberty to Slaves”

British offered slaves freedom if they would British offered slaves freedom if they would fight on their behalf.fight on their behalf.

Many slaves deserted their masters and Many slaves deserted their masters and joined the Loyalistsjoined the Loyalists

Patriot forces began accepting African Patriot forces began accepting African Americans, gave freedom in return for Americans, gave freedom in return for serviceservice

Lower South did not accept slaves into Lower South did not accept slaves into militia for fear of rebellionmilitia for fear of rebellion

Fighting in the SouthFighting in the South

Vicious fighting destroys many Southern Vicious fighting destroys many Southern townstowns

Led the South to support the Patriots Led the South to support the Patriots

Cornwallis retreated to Yorktown to await Cornwallis retreated to Yorktown to await reinforcements and suppliesreinforcements and supplies

Washington and Rochambeau (French) Washington and Rochambeau (French) brought troops from NY to Yorktown in brought troops from NY to Yorktown in order to trap Cornwallisorder to trap Cornwallis

French naval fleet sailed to the Chesapeake French naval fleet sailed to the Chesapeake from the Caribbeanfrom the Caribbean

Cornwallis was forced to surrender- Cornwallis was forced to surrender- October 1781October 1781

Cornwallis SurrendersCornwallis SurrendersOctober 19, 1781October 19, 1781