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Transcript of The American Revolution Let the Fighting Begin. Pre-Test What was the Boston Tea Party? What were...
The American RevolutionThe American RevolutionLet the Fighting BeginLet the Fighting Begin
Pre-TestPre-Test
What was the Boston Tea Party?What was the Boston Tea Party?
What were the Intolerable Acts,(the 4 What were the Intolerable Acts,(the 4 provisions)?provisions)?
Pre-TestPre-Test
Why did the British go to Concord?Why did the British go to Concord?
After fighting with Minutemen in Lexington, After fighting with Minutemen in Lexington, marching to Concord and finding no arms marching to Concord and finding no arms and then starting the return trip to Boston, and then starting the return trip to Boston, what happened to General Gages what happened to General Gages Redcoats?Redcoats?
Pre-TestPre-Test
What will the Green Mountain Boys do at What will the Green Mountain Boys do at Fort Ticonderoga?Fort Ticonderoga?
What was the Olive Branch Petition?What was the Olive Branch Petition?
Pre-TestPre-Test
Who were the Redcoats?Who were the Redcoats?
Who were the Loyalists?Who were the Loyalists?
Who were the Patriots?Who were the Patriots?
Who were the Nons?Who were the Nons?
Fuse to the PowderkegFuse to the Powderkeg
Colonists disguised as Mohawk Indians boarded Colonists disguised as Mohawk Indians boarded ships, split open tea chests and dumped them ships, split open tea chests and dumped them into Boston Harbor.into Boston Harbor.
An angry King George answers with the An angry King George answers with the Intolerable Acts which closed Boston Harbor, Intolerable Acts which closed Boston Harbor, forbade colonists from having more than one forbade colonists from having more than one town meeting a year, permitted officials charged town meeting a year, permitted officials charged in Massachusetts to be tried in England and in Massachusetts to be tried in England and brought back the ever popular Quartering Act.brought back the ever popular Quartering Act.
Fuse to the PowderkegFuse to the Powderkeg
The First Continental Congress would The First Continental Congress would meet in September of 1774 and resolve to meet in September of 1774 and resolve to back Massachusetts in its struggle, agree back Massachusetts in its struggle, agree to boycott British goods and stop exporting to boycott British goods and stop exporting goods to Britain until the Intolerable Acts goods to Britain until the Intolerable Acts were repealed and urged each colony to were repealed and urged each colony to set up its own militia.set up its own militia.
They agreed to meet again in May of They agreed to meet again in May of 1775.1775.
Fuse to the PowderkegFuse to the Powderkeg
General Gage planned to surprise Minutemen General Gage planned to surprise Minutemen and their large store of arms in Concord.and their large store of arms in Concord.
On April 18, 700 British troops left Boston under On April 18, 700 British troops left Boston under the cover of darkness for Concord.the cover of darkness for Concord.
The Sons of Liberty were watching and placed The Sons of Liberty were watching and placed two lamps in Old North Church signaling two lamps in Old North Church signaling mounted messengers including Paul Revere to mounted messengers including Paul Revere to alert the Colonists that “The British were alert the Colonists that “The British were coming!”coming!”
Fuse to the PowderkegFuse to the Powderkeg
On April 19, The Red Coats reach On April 19, The Red Coats reach Lexington just outside Concord and meet Lexington just outside Concord and meet up with 70 Minutemen.up with 70 Minutemen.
Outnumbered, the Minutemen begin to Outnumbered, the Minutemen begin to leave when suddenly a shot rings out. leave when suddenly a shot rings out. Nobody knows who fired but when the Nobody knows who fired but when the dust cleared, 8 Colonists were dead and 1 dust cleared, 8 Colonists were dead and 1 British soldier was wounded.British soldier was wounded.
The British would push on to Concord.The British would push on to Concord.
Fuse to the PowderkegFuse to the Powderkeg
After finding no arms, the British head After finding no arms, the British head back to Boston but are stopped outside of back to Boston but are stopped outside of Concord by Minutemen.Concord by Minutemen.
Sharpshooters hiding in the woods and Sharpshooters hiding in the woods and fields killed 73 British soldiers and another fields killed 73 British soldiers and another 200 were either missing or wounded after 200 were either missing or wounded after the altercation.the altercation.
After these battles, there was no turning After these battles, there was no turning back, war was the only answer.back, war was the only answer.
Minute Men, Red Coats, Lexington Minute Men, Red Coats, Lexington and Concordand Concord
Who were Minute Who were Minute Men?Men?
What were the events What were the events that led to the fighting that led to the fighting at Lexington?at Lexington?
The Green Mountain BoysThe Green Mountain Boys
Ethan Allen was a Ethan Allen was a Blacksmith known to Blacksmith known to have a horrific temper have a horrific temper and noted as a man of and noted as a man of action, led a band of men action, led a band of men from Vermont (The Green from Vermont (The Green Mountain Boys), led an Mountain Boys), led an attack on Fort attack on Fort Ticonderoga to Ticonderoga to appropriate needed appropriate needed cannons for the colonies.cannons for the colonies.
Fort TiconderogaFort Ticonderoga
Ethan Allen was a popular man, full of Ethan Allen was a popular man, full of character and a great natural leader.character and a great natural leader.
The British surrendered Fort Ticonderoga The British surrendered Fort Ticonderoga with little fight.with little fight.
Taking the fort gave the colonists much Taking the fort gave the colonists much needed cannons and gunpowder and gave needed cannons and gunpowder and gave the colonists control of a key route into the colonists control of a key route into Canada.Canada.
The Continental ArmyThe Continental Army
The Second The Second Continental Congress Continental Congress took the step to set up took the step to set up the Continental Army.the Continental Army.
John Adams John Adams proposed that George proposed that George Washington be Washington be appointed appointed commander and was commander and was quickly approved.quickly approved.
Pause in the ActionPause in the Action
Congress tried to patch Congress tried to patch things up with the crown things up with the crown and sent the Olive Branch and sent the Olive Branch Petition. The petition Petition. The petition stated that if the King would stated that if the King would repeal the Intolerable Acts, repeal the Intolerable Acts, they would pledge their they would pledge their loyalty to him.loyalty to him.
King George III was King George III was enraged by the petition and enraged by the petition and the talk of independence the talk of independence vowing to bring rebel vowing to bring rebel colonist to justice.colonist to justice.
Patriot ProblemsPatriot Problems
The American Colonists The American Colonists in favor of independence in favor of independence became know as Patriots.became know as Patriots.
Disadvantages of Disadvantages of American Patriots were American Patriots were that forces were poorly that forces were poorly organized and trained organized and trained and little gunpowder, few and little gunpowder, few cannons and no navy.cannons and no navy.
Patriot AssetsPatriot Assets
Many Patriots owned Many Patriots owned guns and were good guns and were good shots.shots.
They had a brilliant They had a brilliant commander in commander in Washington.Washington.
The benefit of defending The benefit of defending your own home and your own home and property.property.
Know the area and Know the area and landscape.landscape.
British AdvantagesBritish Advantages
They had highly trained They had highly trained and experienced troops.and experienced troops.
They had the greatest They had the greatest navy in the world and navy in the world and could move troops quickly could move troops quickly up and down the up and down the seaboard.seaboard.
Many colonists still Many colonists still supported the British. supported the British. They were known as They were known as Loyalists.Loyalists.
British DisadvantagesBritish Disadvantages
Britain’s army was Britain’s army was 300 miles away.300 miles away.
News and supplies News and supplies took months to travel took months to travel from Britain to the from Britain to the Colonies.Colonies.
British soldiers risked British soldiers risked attack from colonists attack from colonists when they marched when they marched from city to from city to countryside.countryside.
Loyalists, Tories and NonsLoyalists, Tories and Nons
Loyalists were also Loyalists were also known as Tories. known as Tories.
Tories made up about Tories made up about 20% of the colonists 20% of the colonists and included and included merchants and former merchants and former officials of the royal officials of the royal government.government.
Some farmers and Some farmers and craftworkers were craftworkers were also Tories.also Tories.
Loyalists, Tories & NonsLoyalists, Tories & Nons
More Loyalists lived in the More Loyalists lived in the Middle Colonies and the Middle Colonies and the South as compared to South as compared to New England.New England.
Loyalists were tarred and Loyalists were tarred and feathered and forced to feathered and forced to leave their homes and leave their homes and farms.farms.
Nons were those Nons were those colonists that held no colonists that held no loyalty to either side.loyalty to either side.
Post-TestPost-Test
Who was Ethan Allen Who was Ethan Allen and what was his role and what was his role at Fort Ticonderoga?at Fort Ticonderoga?
What two things came What two things came out of the 2out of the 2ndnd Continental Continental Congress?Congress?
Post-TestPost-Test
What was the Olive What was the Olive Branch Petition and Branch Petition and what was King what was King George’s response?George’s response?
Who were Patriots?Who were Patriots?
Post-TestPost-Test
What were the What were the advantages of the advantages of the British going into the British going into the war?war?
What were the What were the advantages of the advantages of the Colonists going into Colonists going into the war?the war?
The American RevolutionThe American RevolutionEarly Battles Early Battles
&&
The Declaration of IndependenceThe Declaration of Independence
Pre-TestPre-Test
What was the first major battle of the What was the first major battle of the American Revolution?American Revolution?
What allowed the Americans to take What allowed the Americans to take Boston?Boston?
Pre-TestPre-Test
What two cities did the Americans attack What two cities did the Americans attack in Canada? What were the results?in Canada? What were the results?
Who wrote Who wrote Common Sense Common Sense and what was and what was its purpose?its purpose?
Pre-TestPre-Test
Who wrote the Declaration of Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?Independence?
What are the parts of the Declaration of What are the parts of the Declaration of Independence?Independence?
The Battle of Blue Ridge MountainsThe Battle of Blue Ridge Mountains
The Battle of Blue The Battle of Blue Ridge Mountains was Ridge Mountains was a skirmish at newly a skirmish at newly formed Old Fort North formed Old Fort North Carolina, in 1770.Carolina, in 1770.
Colonists from the Colonists from the area “took over” the area “took over” the fort from British fort from British regulars under regulars under suspicious suspicious circumstances.circumstances.
Battle of Bunker HillBattle of Bunker Hill
June 16, 1775, Col. June 16, 1775, Col. William Prescott leads William Prescott leads 1200 Minutemen up 1200 Minutemen up Bunker Hill across the Bunker Hill across the river from Boston.river from Boston.
He moves to Breeds He moves to Breeds Hill which is even Hill which is even better. From here he better. From here he can fire upon British can fire upon British ships in the harbor.ships in the harbor.
Battle of Bunker HillBattle of Bunker Hill
The Minutemen dig in The Minutemen dig in and at sunrise, British and at sunrise, British General Howe spots the General Howe spots the Americans and along with Americans and along with 2400 redcoats crosses 2400 redcoats crosses the harbor to mount an the harbor to mount an attack.attack.
Carrying heavy packs of Carrying heavy packs of over 100 lbs., the over 100 lbs., the redcoats slowly climb redcoats slowly climb towards the rebels.towards the rebels.
Battle of Bunker HillBattle of Bunker Hill
Patriots patiently wait Patriots patiently wait and having little and having little gunpowder are gunpowder are warned to “don’t warned to “don’t shoot till you see the shoot till you see the whites of their eyes”.whites of their eyes”.
When the Patriots When the Patriots finally fired the British finally fired the British were forced to retreat.were forced to retreat.
Battle of Bunker HillBattle of Bunker Hill
The British were The British were turned back a second turned back a second time, but on the third time, but on the third try pushed over the try pushed over the top.top.
This was the first This was the first major battle of the major battle of the war and ended with war and ended with over 1,000 redcoats over 1,000 redcoats killed and only 400 killed and only 400 Patriots.Patriots.
The British Leave BostonThe British Leave Boston
Washington arrives at Washington arrives at Boston a few weeks Boston a few weeks after Bunker Hill. He after Bunker Hill. He finds 16,000 raw finds 16,000 raw recruits with recruits with makeshift weapons makeshift weapons and turns them into and turns them into trained soldiers and trained soldiers and wins their trust and wins their trust and loyalty by his actions.loyalty by his actions.
British Leave BostonBritish Leave Boston
January of 1776 January of 1776 fortune arrives in the fortune arrives in the form of cannons form of cannons brought from Fort brought from Fort Ticonderoga.Ticonderoga.
The cannons would The cannons would be placed on be placed on Dorchester Heights Dorchester Heights overlooking Boston overlooking Boston Harbor.Harbor.
British Leave BostonBritish Leave Boston
When General Howe When General Howe saw the cannons in saw the cannons in place he knew he place he knew he could no longer hold could no longer hold Boston.Boston.
He leaves with He leaves with Loyalist refugees and Loyalist refugees and heads for Canada. heads for Canada. King George will King George will order blockades of all order blockades of all colonial ports.colonial ports.
Montgomery Takes MontrealMontgomery Takes Montreal
The Colonists would The Colonists would mount an attack on mount an attack on Canada hoping for Canada hoping for help from French help from French Canadiens, unhappy Canadiens, unhappy with British rule.with British rule.
In the fall of 1775, two In the fall of 1775, two American armies American armies would move into would move into Canada.Canada.
Attack on QuebecAttack on Quebec
Richard Montgomery Richard Montgomery will leave for Montreal will leave for Montreal and seize the city in and seize the city in November.November.
Benedict Arnold Benedict Arnold would lead an army would lead an army from Maine towards from Maine towards Quebec to meet Quebec to meet Montgomery.Montgomery.
Attack on QuebecAttack on Quebec
Arnold’s troops faced Arnold’s troops faced rainstorms, freezing rainstorms, freezing nights and supplies so nights and supplies so low they ate tree bark and low they ate tree bark and shoe leather.shoe leather.
When they finally made it When they finally made it to Quebec, they found out to Quebec, they found out that most French that most French Canadiens did not Canadiens did not support the Americans.support the Americans.
Attack on QuebecAttack on Quebec
December 31, 1775 in December 31, 1775 in a blinding snowstorm a blinding snowstorm the Americans attack.the Americans attack.
Montgomery is killed, Montgomery is killed, Arnold is wounded Arnold is wounded and weak from and weak from disease and hunger disease and hunger the defeated the defeated Americans leave.Americans leave.
Common SenseCommon Sense
January 1776, January 1776, Thomas Paine will Thomas Paine will write the Pamphlet write the Pamphlet “Common Sense”.“Common Sense”.
Paine tried to Paine tried to convince colonists convince colonists that they did not owe that they did not owe the King or Britain the King or Britain loyalty, and that loyalty, and that separation was separation was necessary.necessary.
Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence
June of 1776, the June of 1776, the Continental Congress Continental Congress forms a committee to forms a committee to form a declaration of form a declaration of independence that would independence that would tell the world why they tell the world why they should break away from should break away from Britain. Britain.
The committee chooses The committee chooses Thomas Jefferson to write Thomas Jefferson to write the document.the document.
Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence
On July 2, 1776 the On July 2, 1776 the Continental Congress Continental Congress votes that the 13 votes that the 13 colonies are free and colonies are free and independent.independent.
July 4, 1776, July 4, 1776, delegates vote to delegates vote to accept Jefferson’s accept Jefferson’s Declaration, which Declaration, which John Hancock boldly John Hancock boldly signs.signs.
Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence
The parts of the The parts of the Declaration are…Declaration are…
The preamble or The preamble or introductionintroduction
Natural rights – the Natural rights – the rights that belong to rights that belong to all people from birth.all people from birth.
British wrongs – list of British wrongs – list of wrongs committed by wrongs committed by Britain and refusal to Britain and refusal to correct after being correct after being petitioned.petitioned.
Independence – Independence – announcement that announcement that the colonies had the colonies had become the United become the United States of America.States of America.
Battle of Long IslandBattle of Long Island
Washington will head Washington will head from Boston to New from Boston to New York, but is no match York, but is no match fro Howe’s 44,000 fro Howe’s 44,000 well trained soldiers well trained soldiers and sailors.and sailors.
1400 Americans are 1400 Americans are killed or wounded and killed or wounded and the rest retreat to the rest retreat to Manhattan.Manhattan.
Battle of Long IslandBattle of Long Island
Howe chases Howe chases Washington’s troops Washington’s troops throughout the area throughout the area and finally chases the and finally chases the Americans into Americans into Pennsylvania.Pennsylvania.
Nathan Hale is used Nathan Hale is used as a scout to get as a scout to get information on British, information on British, which he does.which he does.
Nathan HaleNathan Hale
Shortly after, Nathan Shortly after, Nathan Hale is captured by Hale is captured by the British.the British.
As he goes to the As he goes to the gallows he makes the gallows he makes the famous statement “I famous statement “I only regret that I have only regret that I have but one life to lose for but one life to lose for my country”.my country”.
Battle of TrentonBattle of Trenton
On Christmas night, On Christmas night, Washington will lead Washington will lead his troops across the his troops across the Delaware River to Delaware River to surprise the Hessian surprise the Hessian troops guarding troops guarding Trenton.Trenton.
The surprise worked The surprise worked and the Americans and the Americans took most of the took most of the Hessians prisoner.Hessians prisoner.
Battle of TrentonBattle of Trenton
Cornwallis immediately Cornwallis immediately goes to retake Trenton.goes to retake Trenton.
Washington fools the Washington fools the British by leaving the British by leaving the campfires burning and campfires burning and slipping behind the lines slipping behind the lines to attack Princeton, which to attack Princeton, which they won. Does anybody they won. Does anybody remember the french and remember the french and Indian War?Indian War?
Post-testPost-test
Describe what happened at the Battle of Describe what happened at the Battle of Bunker Hill?Bunker Hill?
What happened at the Battle of Quebec?What happened at the Battle of Quebec?
Post-TestPost-Test
Describe the 4 parts of the Declaration of Describe the 4 parts of the Declaration of Independence?Independence?
Who was Nathan Hale and what was his Who was Nathan Hale and what was his fate?fate?
Post-TestPost-Test
Who won the Battle of Long Island?Who won the Battle of Long Island?
What happened at the Battle of Trenton? What happened at the Battle of Trenton? How did Washington fool the British when How did Washington fool the British when they tried to retaliate?they tried to retaliate?
The American RevolutionThe American RevolutionTurning the TideTurning the Tide
& &
Winning the WarWinning the War
Pre-TestPre-Test
What would be the turning point of the What would be the turning point of the war?war?
Describe the conditions at Valley Forge. Describe the conditions at Valley Forge. What helped the men make it through the What helped the men make it through the winter?winter?
Pre-TestPre-Test
What tactic did George Rogers Clark use What tactic did George Rogers Clark use to gain victory at Vincennes?to gain victory at Vincennes?
What happened in the battle between the What happened in the battle between the Bonhomme Richard & the SerapisBonhomme Richard & the Serapis??
Pre-TestPre-Test
What was the role of women in the war? What was the role of women in the war? African Americans?African Americans?
What happened at the Battle of Cowpens, What happened at the Battle of Cowpens, South Carolina?South Carolina?
Pre-testPre-test
What event marked the turn of Benedict What event marked the turn of Benedict Arnold into a traitor?Arnold into a traitor?
What happened at the Battle of Yorktown?What happened at the Battle of Yorktown?
Burgoyne’s PlanBurgoyne’s Plan
Burgoyne believed that if Burgoyne believed that if the British cut off New the British cut off New England from the rest of England from the rest of the colonies, the war the colonies, the war would soon end.would soon end.
The plan called for taking The plan called for taking control of the Hudson control of the Hudson River, stopping the flow of River, stopping the flow of soldiers and supplies to soldiers and supplies to Washington.Washington.
Burgoyne’s Plan – (Fails)Burgoyne’s Plan – (Fails)
King George decided to King George decided to change the plans and change the plans and have General Howe have General Howe capture Philadelphia first, capture Philadelphia first, he did.he did.
Burgoyne marching from Burgoyne marching from Canada was pushed back Canada was pushed back by Benedict Arnolds by Benedict Arnolds troops and the plan stalls.troops and the plan stalls.
Battle of SaratogaBattle of Saratoga
Through terrible Through terrible hardships, carrying hardships, carrying heavy baggage, heavy baggage, Burgoyne takes Fort Burgoyne takes Fort Ticonderoga.Ticonderoga.
Needing supplies, he Needing supplies, he sends men into sends men into Vermont where he Vermont where he loses 1,000 men in loses 1,000 men in the Battle of the Battle of Bennington.Bennington.
Battle of SaratogaBattle of Saratoga
The Green Mountain The Green Mountain Boys rush into New Boys rush into New York to help and the York to help and the Americans surround Americans surround the British.the British.
Burgoyne now was Burgoyne now was trapped and had to trapped and had to surrender his whole surrender his whole army to the army to the Americans.Americans.
Battle of SaratogaBattle of Saratoga
The victory at The victory at Saratoga would end Saratoga would end British threat to New British threat to New England and boost England and boost patriot spirits at a time patriot spirits at a time much needed.much needed.
Most importantly, it Most importantly, it would convince the would convince the French to join the French to join the fight.fight.
Help from EuropeHelp from Europe
France would send France would send the Marquis de the Marquis de Lafayette to train Lafayette to train soldiers and would soldiers and would become one of become one of Washington’s closest Washington’s closest friends.friends.
The Prussians sent The Prussians sent Friedrich von Steuben Friedrich von Steuben to drill and train to drill and train troops.troops.
Help from EuropeHelp from Europe
Polish officers Casimir Polish officers Casimir Pulaski (sound familiar) Pulaski (sound familiar) trained the cavalry and trained the cavalry and Thaddeus Kosciusko Thaddeus Kosciusko helped build forts.helped build forts.
Spanish governor of Spanish governor of Louisiana supplied Louisiana supplied patriots with medicine, patriots with medicine, cloth muskets, cloth muskets, gunpowder and sent gunpowder and sent cattle to feed soldiers.cattle to feed soldiers.
Valley ForgeValley Forge
After Saratoga, After Saratoga, Washington’s men Washington’s men winter at Valley Forge winter at Valley Forge Pennsylvania.Pennsylvania.
Terrible conditions – Terrible conditions – men freezing sleeping men freezing sleeping on frozen ground with on frozen ground with little or no warm little or no warm clothes and shoes clothes and shoes with holes in them.with holes in them.
Valley ForgeValley Forge
As frostbite and disease As frostbite and disease set in, women collect set in, women collect food, clothing and food, clothing and medicine to send.medicine to send.
Some, such as Martha Some, such as Martha Washington go to comfort Washington go to comfort the troops.the troops.
Warm weather comes Warm weather comes ending their bleakest ending their bleakest hour.hour.
War in the WestWar in the West
The British were more successful in gaining The British were more successful in gaining Native American aid. Native American aid.
The British told Natives that Patriots would likely The British told Natives that Patriots would likely settle in their lands west of the Appalachian settle in their lands west of the Appalachian Mountains.Mountains.
The Northeast is just as bad and Iroquois and The Northeast is just as bad and Iroquois and Loyalists raid settlements. Soon, Patriots will Loyalists raid settlements. Soon, Patriots will raid and destroy dozens of Iroquois villages.raid and destroy dozens of Iroquois villages.
Victory at VincennesVictory at Vincennes
George Rogers Clark George Rogers Clark plans a surprise plans a surprise winter attack on winter attack on British fort at British fort at Vincennes.Vincennes.
When he reached the When he reached the fort, he spread his fort, he spread his forces out in the forces out in the woods to make their woods to make their numbers look greater.numbers look greater.
Victory at VincennesVictory at Vincennes
The British The British commander thought it commander thought it useless to fight and useless to fight and surrenders in surrenders in February of 1779.February of 1779.
George Rogers Clark George Rogers Clark will become one of will become one of the biggest heroes of the biggest heroes of the area.the area.
Spanish HelpSpanish Help
Governor Bernardo de Galvez of Spanish Governor Bernardo de Galvez of Spanish Louisiana secretly supplies Patriots with Louisiana secretly supplies Patriots with medicine, cloth, muskets and gunpowder.medicine, cloth, muskets and gunpowder.
He also sends cattle from Texas to feed He also sends cattle from Texas to feed troops.troops.
When they join the fight, they will seize When they join the fight, they will seize British forts along Mississippi River and British forts along Mississippi River and run them out of Florida.run them out of Florida.
Battle of Moore’s CreekBattle of Moore’s Creek
February 1776, North February 1776, North Carolina Patriots Carolina Patriots defeat Loyalists army.defeat Loyalists army.
The South will be The South will be British target after British target after failure in New York failure in New York and New England.and New England.
With Loyalists in the With Loyalists in the Backcountry, this Backcountry, this strategy works for a strategy works for a while.while.
Bonhomme RichardBonhomme Richard
Britain controls the Britain controls the sea and blockades sea and blockades American ports.American ports.
However, John Paul However, John Paul Jones commander of Jones commander of the Bonhomme the Bonhomme Richard will disrupt Richard will disrupt the British in the British in September 1779.September 1779.
Bonhomme RichardBonhomme Richard
Jones spots merchant Jones spots merchant ships being protected ships being protected only by the Serapis.only by the Serapis.
A furious battle A furious battle ensues with ensues with cannonballs ripping cannonballs ripping through the B. through the B. Richard.Richard.
Jones utters famous Jones utters famous words “I have not yet words “I have not yet begun to fight”begun to fight”
Bonhomme RichardBonhomme Richard
Jones sails close to Jones sails close to the Serapis so his the Serapis so his men can board the men can board the ship. In hand to hand ship. In hand to hand combat, the combat, the Americans take the Americans take the ship and win the ship and win the battle.battle.
Women in the WarWomen in the War
Women took care of things while men Women took care of things while men went to war. They tended and harvested went to war. They tended and harvested crops and manufactured goods as well as crops and manufactured goods as well as taking care of regular chores.taking care of regular chores.
Some women went to war and cared for Some women went to war and cared for wounded, cooked meals and washed wounded, cooked meals and washed clothes.clothes.
Betsy Ross, Molly Pitcher and others will Betsy Ross, Molly Pitcher and others will gain some fame.gain some fame.
African Americans in the WarAfrican Americans in the War
After British offer freedom to Africans, After British offer freedom to Africans, Washington changes policy to allow free blacks Washington changes policy to allow free blacks to enlist.to enlist.
About 5,000 African Americans some formed About 5,000 African Americans some formed special units.special units.
Enslaved Africans had tough choice if help Enslaved Africans had tough choice if help British could be hung by Patriots.British could be hung by Patriots.
Some Black Patriots as well as White Patriots Some Black Patriots as well as White Patriots such as James Otis hoped the war would end such as James Otis hoped the war would end slavery.slavery.
Battle of King’s MountainBattle of King’s Mountain
Patriots succeed in Patriots succeed in capturing King’s capturing King’s Mountain on October Mountain on October 7, 1780.7, 1780.
Jefferson states that Jefferson states that “it breathes new life “it breathes new life into the Patriot into the Patriot cause”.cause”.
This turned the tide of This turned the tide of cruel British & cruel British & Loyalists attacks.Loyalists attacks.
Battle of CowpensBattle of Cowpens
Generals Nathaniel Generals Nathaniel Greene and Daniel Greene and Daniel Morgan will run Morgan will run Cornwallis’s forces Cornwallis’s forces ragged, by choosing ragged, by choosing to fight on grounds to fight on grounds they held an they held an advantage on and advantage on and having boats ready having boats ready for river crossings.for river crossings.
Battle of CowpensBattle of Cowpens
January of 1781 – January of 1781 – General Morgan wins General Morgan wins Battle of Cowpens.Battle of Cowpens.
He orders troops to He orders troops to divide into a front line divide into a front line and a rear line. He and a rear line. He orders front line to orders front line to retreat after firing two retreat after firing two volleys.volleys.
Battle of CowpensBattle of Cowpens
The British thinking the The British thinking the Americans were Americans were retreating, charge directly retreating, charge directly into the fire of the full into the fire of the full brigade under Morgan’s brigade under Morgan’s command.command.
Francis Marion or “The Francis Marion or “The Swamp Fox” will lead Swamp Fox” will lead bands of militia in guerilla bands of militia in guerilla warfare further frustrating warfare further frustrating the British.the British.
Victory at YorktownVictory at Yorktown
Benedict Arnold will turn traitor in Benedict Arnold will turn traitor in September of 1780 due to his lack of September of 1780 due to his lack of recognition and disagreement on the war recognition and disagreement on the war efforts.efforts.
Many are angered by his treason and call Many are angered by his treason and call for his death.for his death.
Cornwallis takes his attacks to Virginia and Cornwallis takes his attacks to Virginia and even runs of Legislature and Governor even runs of Legislature and Governor Jefferson from Charlottesville.Jefferson from Charlottesville.
Victory at YorktownVictory at Yorktown
Cornwallis makes the Cornwallis makes the mistake of not mistake of not following orders of Sir following orders of Sir Henry Clinton to send Henry Clinton to send part of his troops to part of his troops to New York.New York.
He retreats to He retreats to Yorktown Peninsula Yorktown Peninsula on Chesapeake Bay, on Chesapeake Bay, confident British ships confident British ships will supply his troops.will supply his troops.
Victory at YorktownVictory at Yorktown
Washington and his Washington and his Colonial troops along Colonial troops along with Rochambeau with Rochambeau and his French troops and his French troops combine to join combine to join Lafayette in Virginia.Lafayette in Virginia.
French Admiral de French Admiral de Grasse takes Grasse takes Chesapeake Bay and Chesapeake Bay and shuts of supplies and shuts of supplies and escape routes.escape routes.
Victory at YorktownVictory at Yorktown
By September 16,000 By September 16,000 French and American French and American troops pound troops pound Cornwallis and his Cornwallis and his outnumbered army.outnumbered army.
They hold out for They hold out for several weeks, but several weeks, but with supplies running with supplies running low, Cornwallis low, Cornwallis surrenders on surrenders on October 19, 1781.October 19, 1781.
Treaty of Paris IITreaty of Paris II
British recognize the United States as an British recognize the United States as an independent nation.independent nation.
The borders of the new nation extend from The borders of the new nation extend from Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River,Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River,
Southern border stops at Florida, which Southern border stops at Florida, which was returned to Spain.was returned to Spain.
Americans agree to ask state legislatures Americans agree to ask state legislatures to pay for property lost by Loyalists – most to pay for property lost by Loyalists – most states will ignore.states will ignore.
Reasons for American VictoryReasons for American Victory
Familiarity with the land – Geography.Familiarity with the land – Geography. Assistance from other countries – Assistance from other countries –
particularly Spain, France and Prussia.particularly Spain, France and Prussia. Patriotic spirit and determination – the will Patriotic spirit and determination – the will
to be free.to be free. The leadership of Washington was The leadership of Washington was
exceptional – and other leaders not bad exceptional – and other leaders not bad either – think back.either – think back.
Washington’s FarewellWashington’s Farewell
December 1783, December 1783, George Washington George Washington will ride off to Mount will ride off to Mount Vernon, with crowds Vernon, with crowds cheering all along the cheering all along the way.way.
Soon the country will Soon the country will call on Washington to call on Washington to lead the new nation lead the new nation onto the world stage.onto the world stage.
The EndThe End
