The American RevolutionThe American Revolution

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus

French, Spanish, English French, Spanish, English

Colonization of the New WorldColonization of the New World

Triangle TradeTriangle Trade Americas =Americas =

Raw MaterialsRaw Materials Europe =Europe =

Finished Goods / Finished Goods / Industrial Industrial RevolutionRevolution

AfricaAfrica = = SlavesSlaves

English wanted Raw MaterialsLumber, Fish, Cotton, & Tobacco

Causes of the Revolutionary WarCauses of the Revolutionary War

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War – Treaty of – Treaty of Paris (1763) – France gave up ALL land claims Paris (1763) – France gave up ALL land claims in N. America. Native Americans: British raise in N. America. Native Americans: British raise prices on goods, refuse to pay for use of land, prices on goods, refuse to pay for use of land, more settlers moving westmore settlers moving west

Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763 – British set – British set Appalachian Mts. as boundary / Control trade / Appalachian Mts. as boundary / Control trade / raise $ to pay debt raise $ to pay debt Upsets colonists Upsets colonists

Sugar Act of 1764Sugar Act of 1764 – Lowered tax on – Lowered tax on imported molasses, set up Vice Admiralty imported molasses, set up Vice Admiralty courts, officers could seize goods w/o court courts, officers could seize goods w/o court order (WRITS OF ASSISTANCE), effort to stop order (WRITS OF ASSISTANCE), effort to stop smugglingsmuggling upsets colonists - - violated rights upsets colonists - - violated rights as an English citizen: to secure home, trial by as an English citizen: to secure home, trial by jury, and “innocent until proven guilty”jury, and “innocent until proven guilty”

Causes of the Revolutionary WarCauses of the Revolutionary War

Causes of the Revolutionary WarCauses of the Revolutionary War

Stamp Act of 1765Stamp Act of 1765 (NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION!) (NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION!) - - Tax on ALL printed material (Newspapers, wills, playing cards, etc) Tax on ALL printed material (Newspapers, wills, playing cards, etc) Colonists opposed for 2 reasons: Parliament interfering by taxing Colonists opposed for 2 reasons: Parliament interfering by taxing colonists directly & Taxation w/o representation. Protests, petitions, colonists directly & Taxation w/o representation. Protests, petitions, letters, and boycotts were called by Colonists. Britain REPEALS the letters, and boycotts were called by Colonists. Britain REPEALS the act, but Parliament passes: act, but Parliament passes: DECLARATORY ACTDECLARATORY ACT which stated that which stated that Parliament had the right to tax and make decisions for British Colonies Parliament had the right to tax and make decisions for British Colonies “in all cases”“in all cases”

Quartering Act PassedQuartering Act Passed - - Housing British soldiers in colonist’s homes.Housing British soldiers in colonist’s homes.

Townshend Acts of 1767Townshend Acts of 1767 New tax on imported goods (such as glass, New tax on imported goods (such as glass, tea, paper, lead, paint) tea, paper, lead, paint) More colonial anger and boycotts More colonial anger and boycotts

Causes of the Causes of the Revolutionary WarRevolutionary War

1768 Soldiers sent to enforce tax1768 Soldiers sent to enforce tax - “Rude”, sometimes violent - “Rude”, sometimes violent leads to more colonist angerleads to more colonist anger

1770 Boston Massacre occurs1770 Boston Massacre occurs - Fight between colonists/ Brit - Fight between colonists/ Brit troops = 5 colonists killed. Used as propaganda by colonists troops = 5 colonists killed. Used as propaganda by colonists (Samuel Adams) create more anger (Samuel Adams) create more anger call for more boycotts. call for more boycotts. Parliament REPEALS Townshend Acts on all goods EXCEPT Parliament REPEALS Townshend Acts on all goods EXCEPT TEA.TEA.

Tea Act of 1773Tea Act of 1773 - Gave British East India Co. virtual monopoly on - Gave British East India Co. virtual monopoly on tea. Cut out the middle man (distributors) by selling directly to tea. Cut out the middle man (distributors) by selling directly to shopkeepers. shopkeepers. Colonists call for more boycotts and vow to block Colonists call for more boycotts and vow to block ships from unloadingships from unloading

Causes of the Causes of the Revolutionary WarRevolutionary War

Boston Tea Party of 1773Boston Tea Party of 1773 - - Boston Sons of Liberty disguise themselves as Boston Sons of Liberty disguise themselves as

Mohawk, dump 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor in an act of defiance to the Mohawk, dump 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor in an act of defiance to the

crown. These actions destroyed private property, bankrupted the B.E.I.C., threw crown. These actions destroyed private property, bankrupted the B.E.I.C., threw

thousands of people out of work and out England into a depression.thousands of people out of work and out England into a depression.

Intolerable Acts PassedIntolerable Acts Passed - - King George III responds by passing the King George III responds by passing the

Coercive ActsCoercive Acts (which the colonists called the Intolerable Acts). These acts: (which the colonists called the Intolerable Acts). These acts:

1. Closed Boston Harbor until colonist repaid for damaged tea 1. Closed Boston Harbor until colonist repaid for damaged tea

2. Banned town meetings2. Banned town meetings

3. Forced Bostonians to quarter British troops3. Forced Bostonians to quarter British troops

Causes of the Causes of the Revolutionary WarRevolutionary War

1774 Committees of Correspondence1774 Committees of Correspondence - - Colonial committee gathers to discuss / Colonial committee gathers to discuss /

share political ideasshare political ideas

1774 1st Continental Congress Meets1774 1st Continental Congress Meets - - (Philadelphia) (Philadelphia)

1. Draft statement of grievances calling for repeal 13 acts of Parliament1. Draft statement of grievances calling for repeal 13 acts of Parliament

2. Boycott British Trade - NOT buy or sell British goods in Colonies2. Boycott British Trade - NOT buy or sell British goods in Colonies

3. Form a Militia (group of citizen soldiers) - begin stockpiling weapons and ammunition. 3. Form a Militia (group of citizen soldiers) - begin stockpiling weapons and ammunition. Minutemen form (can be ready on a “minute’s notice”)Minutemen form (can be ready on a “minute’s notice”)

4. King George announces to Parliament that the colonies are “in a state of rebellion” and 4. King George announces to Parliament that the colonies are “in a state of rebellion” and prepare for conflict.prepare for conflict.

April of 1775, war begins at Lexington and Concord.April of 1775, war begins at Lexington and Concord. - - “The Shot heard “The Shot heard ‘round the World” . First battles of the Revolution - Colonists defeated at ‘round the World” . First battles of the Revolution - Colonists defeated at Lexington, but victorious at Concord (North Bridge). As British retreat to Boston, Lexington, but victorious at Concord (North Bridge). As British retreat to Boston, militia hidden behind trees and fences continually attack them. Cause severe militia hidden behind trees and fences continually attack them. Cause severe casualties for British (174 wounded, 74 dead)casualties for British (174 wounded, 74 dead)

The Colonists feel “The Force” is The Colonists feel “The Force” is with them . . .with them . . .

Revolutionary War - Choosing SidesRevolutionary War - Choosing Sides

The LoyalistsThe Loyalists - - Americans who remained LOYAL to Britain. Americans who remained LOYAL to Britain.

Sometimes called Tories. About 1 in 5 Americans were loyalists. Sometimes called Tories. About 1 in 5 Americans were loyalists. Some remained loyal because they didn’t feel Patriot’s grievances Some remained loyal because they didn’t feel Patriot’s grievances warranted rebellion, some feared disorder, others depended on warranted rebellion, some feared disorder, others depended on Britain for jobs. The strongest Loyalist regions of the country Britain for jobs. The strongest Loyalist regions of the country were: the Carolinas, and Georgia. **The weakest Loyalists region were: the Carolinas, and Georgia. **The weakest Loyalists region was in New England.**was in New England.**

PatriotsPatriots - - Colonists who supported independence from Colonists who supported independence from

Britain. Britain.

Famous People of the Famous People of the RevolutionRevolution

Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin - - Inventor, publisher, Pennsylvania Inventor, publisher, Pennsylvania Legislature, member of the 2nd Continental Congress, helped with Dec. of Legislature, member of the 2nd Continental Congress, helped with Dec. of IndependenceIndependence

Paul ReverePaul Revere - - Famous “ride” to warn of British troops - “the Famous “ride” to warn of British troops - “the regulars are coming!”regulars are coming!”

Patrick HenryPatrick Henry - - Delegate of 1st & 2nd Continental Congress, Delegate of 1st & 2nd Continental Congress, One of the first to call for independence from Britain, “Give me One of the first to call for independence from Britain, “Give me Liberty or give me Death!” Liberty or give me Death!”

Samuel AdamsSamuel Adams - - Delegate of 1st & 2nd Cont. Congress, Delegate of 1st & 2nd Cont. Congress, called for Independence from Britain, Lead Boston Committee of called for Independence from Britain, Lead Boston Committee of Correspondence after Boston MassacreCorrespondence after Boston Massacre

Benedict ArnoldBenedict Arnold - - He and Ethan Allen captured Ticonderoga, He and Ethan Allen captured Ticonderoga, but eventually joined forces with British.but eventually joined forces with British.

John AdamsJohn Adams - - Cousin of Samuel Adams, Delegate 1st & 2nd Cousin of Samuel Adams, Delegate 1st & 2nd Cont. Congress, Asked Jefferson to write Declaration of Cont. Congress, Asked Jefferson to write Declaration of Independence, Became 2nd President of the US, Independence, Became 2nd President of the US,

George WashingtonGeorge Washington - - Delegate to 1st and 2nd Cont. Delegate to 1st and 2nd Cont. Congress, Commander of the Continental Army, 1st President of the Congress, Commander of the Continental Army, 1st President of the United States.United States.

Nathan HaleNathan Hale - - Hero at Long Island, spy for Americans, hung for Hero at Long Island, spy for Americans, hung for treason by British, “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for treason by British, “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”my country.”

John Paul JonesJohn Paul Jones - - Naval Commander of the warship Naval Commander of the warship Bonhomme Richard vs. British ship, Serapis. When asked if he Bonhomme Richard vs. British ship, Serapis. When asked if he would surrender, he stated: “I have not yet begun to fight.” Jones would surrender, he stated: “I have not yet begun to fight.” Jones defeated British, but lost his ship.defeated British, but lost his ship.

Famous People of the Famous People of the RevolutionRevolution

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

Written by Thomas Written by Thomas JeffersonJefferson

Approved by Approved by congress on July 4, congress on July 4, 17761776

Rights to Life, Liberty, and Rights to Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness.Pursuit of Happiness.

““All men are created Equal”All men are created Equal”

More on this later . . .More on this later . . .

Battles of the RevolutionBattles of the Revolution

Battle of Lexington & Concord - Battle of Lexington & Concord - First battlesFirst battles Fort Ticonderoga - Fort Ticonderoga - B. Arnold and E. Allen capture - surprise the BritishB. Arnold and E. Allen capture - surprise the British Battle of Bunker Hill - Battle of Bunker Hill - (Boston) - British victory, but Americans give (Boston) - British victory, but Americans give

strong battlestrong battle **Battle of Saratoga – **Battle of Saratoga – French agree to join forces with the Americans French agree to join forces with the Americans

after Am. Victory.after Am. Victory. Battle at Trenton - Battle at Trenton - Washington crosses Delaware R. and surprises Washington crosses Delaware R. and surprises

British, lifts spirits of Continental ArmyBritish, lifts spirits of Continental Army Battle of Yorktown - Battle of Yorktown - American / French defeat British, Britain realizes American / French defeat British, Britain realizes

the war was too costly to pursue. Leads Americans to victory.the war was too costly to pursue. Leads Americans to victory. Treaty of Paris - Treaty of Paris - Signed September 3, 1783, Britain recognized the Signed September 3, 1783, Britain recognized the

United States of America as an independent nation and promise to United States of America as an independent nation and promise to withdraw ALL troops from American territory. U.S would allow British withdraw ALL troops from American territory. U.S would allow British merchants to collect debts Americans owed them and advised states to merchants to collect debts Americans owed them and advised states to return Loyalists properties taken from them.return Loyalists properties taken from them.