The American Revolution

Lauren Campbell

England, King James alarmed the Protestant majority by ruling arbitrarily & favoring fellow Catholics.

In spring, monarchs promised to cooperate with Parliament to uphold Anglican establishment by ensuring religious toleration for dissenting Protestants and Catholics.

English supporters known as “Whigs” called the Transfer of power the Glorious Revolution- “creatively depicted as a spontaneous uprising by a united English people.

Chapter 13-Glorious Revolutions

The British built their prowess at French expense, but also “eclipsed” their allies, the Dutch.

“British naval supremacy primarily rested on superior financial resources and the political consensus for spending them on a fleet.”

British military depended upon the flow of overseas commerce as trade depended upon protection from a powerful and versatile navy.

Chapter 13-Commerce and Empire

Britain developed a multilateral trading system that used bills of exchange drawn on London merchant firms to balance regional credits and debits.

Chapter 14-Trade

1750s and 1760s colonists reported growing numbers of the poor in the urban seaports.

Reflected the greater transatlantic integration of the British empire in three ways:◦ -imperial wars ◦ -emigration from Europe to the colonies◦ -flow of credit, goods, and information across the

Atlantic linked colonies from mother country in a shared market.

Chapter 14-Poverty

Most colonies believed that public morality, political harmony, and social order required religious uniformity.

The Puritan colonies of Plymouth, Massachusetts and Connecticut established their Congregational Church.

Establishments tended to increase the power of colonial elites over the church rather than the church over the colonists.

Chapter 15-Establishments

Ministers challenged the slave system and few even bothered to convert the enslaved Africans.

People worried their slaves would consider Christianity a step toward freedom.

Energy of evangelical religion spread beyond the expectations and against the wishes of the original revivalists.

Chapter 15-Race

The new emigrants came from northern and western seaports of France.

Most male emigrants arrived in servitude either as soldiers or indentured servants.

France especially had a high rate of natural increase, and although they had plenty religious dissidents, French policy forbade their settlement in New France after 1632.

Chapter 16-Emigrants

Indians became dependent upon French trade and the French empire became captive to the Indian demand.

Colonial officials warned their French superiors to accept a trade and alliance with the Indian’s terms.

1720s, French posts on the Great Lakes sold goodsbelow market value to “dissuade’ Indians from trading with the British colonists—French strategic dependence on the Indians exceeded the Indians’ dependence on French trade.

Chapter 16-Dependence