The American Civil War 1860 – 1865
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Transcript of The American Civil War 1860 – 1865
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The American Civil War1860 – 1865
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Growing Regional Differences (1820 – 1860)
• Sectionalism = N/ S• Factory vs. Farms• Immigration in the
North• Railroads vs.
Waterways• Free vs. Slave• $1.5 B North vs. $155
M South GNP
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The Compromise of 1850
• The Mexican War of 1846-48 increased the size of the U.S. (Balance of Power) Henry Clay (KY) proposed:
1. CA be admitted as a free state
2. NM and UT would vote on slavery
3. Slave trade abolished in capital
4. Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
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Bleeding Kansas! (1854 – 1856)
• Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) opened NW territories to slavery
• Free-soilers and Border Ruffians vied for control
• Abolitionist John Brown kills 5 pro slavers in KS
• Violence spreads to the Senate floor as Senator Charles Sumner is caned
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The Road to Disunion • Uncle Tom’s Cabin
(1852) by Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Republican Party (1854)
• Dred Scott Decision (1854)
• John Brown hanged for attack on Harpers Ferry (1859)
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The Election of 1860• Democratic Party Split
N and S over territories & slavery
• Douglas (popular sovereignty), Bell (TN), & Breckenridge (KY)
• A. Lincoln (R) wins with 40% of popular vote (carries no S state!)
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Secession! South Carolina leaves on Dec. 20, 1860
and 6 others follow to CSA by 1861.
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Southern War Strategy• After Fort Sumter (April
12, 1861) 4 more states joined the CSA.
• The CSA Generals and President Davis planned a defensive war.
• CSA hoped Europe would aid and had better leadership.
• Lincoln hoped to preserve the Union.
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Northern War Strategy
The Union developed a strategy called the Anaconda Plan. They hoped to:
1. Blockade all Southern Ports2. Control the Mississippi River and
divide the CSA in half3. Capture and occupy the Confederate
capital of Richmond, VA
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General R. E. Lee forces Stalemate in the East
• 1st Bull Run,VA (7/1861)
• Antietam (9/ 1862)• Fredericksburg, VA
(12/1862)• Chancelorsville, VA
(5/1863) – CSA Gen.“Stonewall” Jackson dead
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The Emancipation Proclamation
• Issued Fall 1862 and effective Jan. 1, 1863
• Freed all slaves in areas of the U.S. still under CSA control
• Battle of Antietam (Sept. 1862)
• Only good if Union won war
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1863: The Turning Point• July 1-3, 1863 – Lee
leads Army of N.VA North to PA
• 23,000 Union and 28,000 CSA casualties at Gettysburg, PA
• July 4, 1863 – Gen. U.S. Grant takes Vicksburg on Mississippi River
• The Tide Turned to Union
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Sherman’s March to the Sea and Total Warfare
• Sept. 2, 1864 – Gen. Sherman captures Atlanta, GA
• Marches to Savannah, GA – 300 mile-long and 50 mile-wide swath of destruction
• Turns north in Dec. 1864 to meet Grant
• Civilians and slaves suffer immensely
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Lee Surrenders! April 9, 1865• Richmond, the CSA
capital, was in ruins• President Davis and
officials fled from Grant
• Appomattox, VA• 640,047 Union and
483,026 CSA casualties of war
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Lincoln is Assassinated!• John Wilkes Booth, an
actor, plotted to kidnap Lincoln and others
• April 14, 1865 at Ford’s Theatre he shoots Lincoln
• Booth is later killed near Port Royal, VA
• 4/10 co-conspirators were hanged