The All Island Grid Study and Beyond Integrating Large Scale … Energy Supply... · 2008. 12....

The All Island Grid Study and Beyond

Integrating Large Scale Generation of Electricity from Renewable Sources into Ireland’s National

Grid

Paul Smith BE, MIE, CEng, FIEI, MIETEirGrid plc

26th November 2008

Commitment and Dispatch Study

Network Study

Costs and Benefits

Renewable generation portfolios

Conventional + Renewable

gen portfolios

Resource Assessment

Geo-spread portfolios

Screening Study

Critical Dispatches

Dispatch Information

Network Information

Investment, O&M Costs

Interconnections assumed in Grid Study

IRELAND

ENGLAND

SCOTLAND

WALES

Screening Study

• Considered a wide range of input parameters (gas price, carbon price, financing costs etc,)

• Identified a range of scenarios to be considered in the more detailed studies

Gas prices €2 - €12/GJCO2 prices €0 - €100/tonne

020

4060

80100

24

68

1012

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Carbon Price (€/Ton of CO2)Gas Price (€/GJ)

Pen

etra

tion

of W

ind

Cap

acity

in L

east

-Cos

t Por

tfolio

s (M

W)

0 20 40 60 80 1002

4

6

8

10

121000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Carbon Price (€/Ton of CO2)

Gas Price (€/GJ)

Pen

etra

tion

of C

oal/L

igni

te C

apac

ity in

Lea

st-C

ost P

ortfo

lios

(MW

)

Portfolios

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

Portfolio 1 Portfolio 2 Portfolio 3 Portfolio 4 Portfolio 5 Portfolio 6

CCGT (old and new) Old Coal_PeatNew Coal Old GasoilConv. Gas New OCGTStorage New ADGTBase renewables WindOther renewables

MW

9600 MWmax. load

3500 MWmin. load

59 %42 %27 %27 %27 %16 %Energy

59 %47 %36 %36 %36 %23 %Capacity

59 %42 %27 %27 %27 %16 %Energy

59 %47 %36 %36 %36 %23 %Capacity

Share of Renewables

Societal Costs of Adopting Portfolios

1522181820CO2 emissions [Mt/a]

42%27%27%27%16%RE share of demand

1,4081,206 1,209 1,105 1,015

603

527 552 655

460

331

269348

138

129

551945

945

945 1,464

43

63439237

642

42299279

215

€3,368€3,325€3,312€3,268€3,198

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

Portfolio 1 Portfolio 2 Portfolio 3 Portfolio 4 Portfolio 5Additio

nal

soci

etal

cost

for

elec

tric

ity

pro

visi

on [

MEuro

/a]

Operational cost w/o CO2 Cost of CO2

Net Payments Export/Import Annual invest renewable Generation

Annual invest network reinforcement Annual fixed cost new conv. Generation

Fuel Usage

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Annual

fuel

consu

mption [

PJ]

Gasoil

Coal

Gas

Gasoil 8 3 9 2 3

Coal 86 81 88 150 75

Gas 203 174 167 139 146

Portfolio 1 Portfolio 2 Portfolio 3 Portfolio 4 Portfolio 5

Impact on thermal generation

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

CCGT (old &new)

Conv. Gas New ADGT New Coal New OCGT Old coal &peat

Old Gasoil

Portfolio 1

Portfolio 2

Portfolio 3

Portfolio 4

Portfolio 5

Capacity factor thermal generators

Existing 220kV and 275 kV

Existing 400 kV

New 220 kV and 275 kV

Total length of transmission lines to be reinforced

The EirGrid Goal

Renewable Facilitation Policy

“… EirGrid intends to be a world leader in the facilitation of renewables. In order to achieve this, EirGrid is committed to proactively working with all stakeholders and customers to ensure all government targets in relation to renewables are realised while ensuring the continued security, safety and reliability of the power system.”

The Challenge: Government Targets

Indicative Trajectory(trajectory from RES-E Directive)

900

1400

1900

2400

2900

3400

3900

4400

4900

5400

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2020

Year

Inst

alle

d W

ind

MW

33% Installed 40% Installed

Source: RES‐E Directive using a 30% load factor for wind and a contribution from installed hydro plant

Making it all work by 2020

Generation Portfolio

Operational

Infrastructure

Infrastructure

• Interconnection• Grid 25 – EirGrid’s Grid Development Strategy

Portfolio

Performance

Infrastructure

Operational

Insert map with Woodland and Rush –

Woodland

Deeside

Connecting Ireland and Britain

East West Interconnector - Progress

• Tender negotiations commencing & supplier to be chosen soon

• Grid connection points, marine survey and extensive route analysis 2007 -2008

• Consultation with local authorities and public in Ireland and Wales

• Planning application to An Bord Pleanála on 18/11

• Interconnector route exempt from planning in the UK, only required for converter station

East West Interconnector – Next Steps

• Continuing consultation• Planning application processing • Foreshore licenses• Commence construction 2010

– Subject to contract and planning • Targeting completion for 2012

Further Interconnection

“We will ask EirGrid to undertake cost benefit analysis and feasibility planning within the next two years for decisions in relation to further interconnection with Britain or potentially with Europe”

• This study is now in progress

Other interconnector projects

Source: www.imerapower.com

GRID25 is essential to:

• Supporting growth in the regions and ensuring continued reliability and security of supply;

• Providing high-quality, high voltage bulk power supply for Ireland that will enable the different regions to attract in future industry and boost existing industry;

• Exploiting Ireland’s natural renewable sources of energy (wind and wave);

• Reducing Ireland’s carbon emissions by transmitting renewable energy in line with Government policy;

• Increasing Ireland’s connectivity to the European Grid, allowing for both bulk exports of electricity and imports of electricity whenappropriate

Geographic Distribution of Renewables

*

2,111270

240

160

987

514

1,678

1,792

*

GRID25 Primary Corridors for Reinforcement Investigation

Development Requirement Estimates

• 1,150 km new build (~20% increase of existing network)– 800 km EHV (220/275/400 kV) – 350 km 110 kV

• 2,300 km uprate of existing network – 1,100 km EHV– 1,200 km 110 kV

• Total Cost €4 billion

KILTOY

CATHALEEN'SFALL

CLIFF

SLIGO

TAWNAGHMORE

MOY

CASTLEBAR

RICHMOND

MULLINGAR

ATHLONE

CARRICK-ON-

SHANNON

LANESBORO

BINBANE

TO STRABANE

SHANKILL

BELLACORICK

CLOON

TO ENNISKILLEN

GOLAGH

GILRA

GORTAWEE

ARVA

LETTERKENNY

ARIGNA

TRILLICK

DALTON

CORRACLASSYCUNGHILL

TONROE

MEENTYCAT

DRUMKEEN

DERRYIRON

CORDERRY

BUNBEG

TIEVEBRACK

SRANANAGH

FLAGFORD

SO

CAMUS

Sample: North West• Demand growth

– BMW region– NSS gateways & hubs

• New generation driving west-to-east power flows– High levels of renewable resources– Opportunity for gas-fired generation

• Grid largely 110 kV, lightly interconnected with NI

880 MW Wind240 MW WavePeat, Biomass, Gas potential

690 MW Wind

266 MW Wind

KILTOY

CATHALEEN'SFALL

CLIFF

SLIGO

TAWNAGHMORE

MOY

CASTLEBAR

RICHMOND

MULLINGAR

ATHLONE

CARRICK-ON-

SHANNON

LANESBORO

BINBANE

TO STRABANE

SHANKILL

BELLACORICK

CLOON

TO ENNISKILLEN

GOLAGH

GILRA

GORTAWEE

ARVA

LETTERKENNY

ARIGNA

TRILLICK

DALTON

CORRACLASSYCUNGHILL

TONROE

MEENTYCAT

DRUMKEEN

DERRYIRON

CORDERRY

BUNBEG

TIEVEBRACK

SRANANAGH

FLAGFORD

SO

CAMUS

North West

500 MW new grid capacity;

Uprate 470 km of existing network

6-900 MW new grid capacity;

Uprate 180 km of

existing network

• Developments– North Donegal wind will be

transported through NI by new tie-lines

– High capacity connection into Mayo– Upgrading of significant amount of

existing network

South-West

West

North-West

East

North-East

South-East

Regional Developments

Midlands

• Srananagh• Binbane-Letterkenny• Mayo to East• Donegal – NI• Upgrade 700km

• N-S Interconnector• Kingscourt-Woodland• West to East• Dundalk reinforcement• Upgrade 240km

• Shannon Estuary• Limerick & Ennis• Upgrade 250km

• Cork network• Wind Connection• South West to South East• Upgrade 130km

• 220 kV load stations• Capacity into region• Dublin City capacity• Dublin By-pass• Kildare & N. Wicklow• Upgrade 450km

• Tapping into 400kV• Athlone, Mullingar & Tullamore• Upgrade 225km

• Dublin - Cork capacity• Major cities and towns• Upgrade 490km

Issues: InfrastructurePortfolio

Performance

Infrastructure

Operational

• Identifying infrastructure requirements– What to build? When?– What technologies?

• Building it on time– Obtaining permissions and wayleaves– Building

• Connecting generation– Issuing connection offers– Building connections



Infrastructure

Operational

Operational ‐ Increasing Complexity

• New and improved tools and facilities• Operating closer to limits

– Dynamic rating of overhead lines– Special protection schemes

• Develop and learn– Training– Studies and simulations– Learn from others– Identify and implement best practice


Infrastructure

Operational

Operational ‐ Variability

• Flexible portfolio:– Non-renewable generation– Demand response

• Power System Frequency– Automatic Generation Control

• System Voltage– Interconnection and renewable generation changes sources of

reactive power– Increased network loading increases reactive losses– New reactive power strategy


Infrastructure

Operational

Operational ‐ Uncertainty

• Wind generation uncertainty– Prediction, Anemos, Safewind

• Demand uncertainty– Transport electrification– Effect of Smart Metering

– Better demand prediction– Exploit Smart Meters – demand response


Infrastructure

Operational


Operational

Infrastructure


Issues: Portfolio Performance

• Identifying the properties of a conventional fleet capable of supporting renewable targets

– All Island Grid Study Follow On will quantify levels of flexibility required to support target levels of renewable energy

Infrastructure

Operational Generation Portfolio

Flexible Portfolio

• New flexible generation• Exploit flexibility of existing generators• Improved plant controls• Electricity market issues

• Demand response• Storage

Infrastructure



• Incentivising and supporting the necessary flexibility– Develop a holistic policy for energy, capacity and

ancillary services payments to ensure delivery of the services required.

Infrastructure



• Supporting standards for a changing power system– Develop the Grid Code to deal with the changing

nature of the power system

– Develop and implement a performance monitoring framework to ensure all users of the Grid are and remain complaint

Infrastructure


The Challenge

• Irish Government target is now 40% of electricity generation from renewable sources by 2020

• Northern Ireland Minister Foster has said that 33% renewables is a reasonable target

Indicative Trajectory(trajectory from RES-E Directive)

900

1400

1900

2400

2900

3400

3900

4400

4900

5400

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2020

Year

Inst

alle

d W

ind

MW

40% Installed

The Challenge

• Enormous challenge to – Construct the renewable generators– Connect them to the grid– Reinforce the grid– Construct interconnectors– Deliver the complementary non-renewable generation portfolio– Develop and implement new operational practices– Develop and implement market arrangements for energy and

ancillary services– Review and refine technical standards for renewable and non-

renewable generators (Grid Code) and monitor compliance

Meeting the challengeEngagement and support of all Stakeholders

Electricity users

Non renewable generators

PUBLIC

Transmission & Distribution operators & owners

Wind farm ownersWind turbine

manufacturers

Public

authorities

Regulators

Landowners

Farming organisations

Meeting the challengeResearch and development

• Renewable generation technology– Fault ride through,– Reactive power capability, – Inertia, – Frequency response

• Flexible non-renewable generators– Low minimum stable output, – Quick start, – High ramp rates, – Inertia, – Frequency response– Emissions performance,

Meeting the challengeResearch and development

• Demand and Storage– Exploiting demand response– Storage Technologies– Benefits of storage– Integration and operation of demand response and storage

• Operation and control strategies• Power system analysis methods and tools

Meeting the challengeEngineers

• Engineers needed to innovate, design, specify, supervise, manage and operate etc.– Renewable generators– Non-renewable generators– Network connections– Transmission and distribution infrastructure– Submarine interconnections– Electrical energy and ancillary service markets– Integrated power system– Communication and control

Acknowledgements

• EirGrid for permission to make this presentation • EirGrid colleagues for support and assistance throughout

the All Island Grid Study and in preparing this presentation

• All Island Grid Study team• NIE, Government Departments, SEI, Action Renewables,

Regulators, Prof. M. O’MalleyConsultants

• Dr. R. Doherty, ESBI, Risø, Univ. Stuttgart, TNEI, Univ. Strathclyde, Ecofys, Ecar

The All Island Grid Study and Beyond Integrating Large Scale … Energy Supply... · 2008. 12....

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