The Airman Magazine Dec 14

VOLUME 22 Oct - Dec 14 www.airforce.mil.ng

The

THE NIGERIAN AIR FORCE NEWS MAGAZINE

W YI DLL AI EN RG A LEB

N AIA RI FR OE RGI CEN

REPOSITIONING THE NAF TO MEET EMERGING SECURITY CHALLENGES

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ONE GROUP, ONE VISION:

CUSTOMER SATISFACTION

WITH RIGOR AND CREATIVITY

FROM LINE TO BASE MAINTENANCE

INCLUDING AIRWORTHINESS MONITORING

AND PERSONALIZED SOLUTIONS

SABENA TECHNICS

VISION & MISSION STATEMENT:To become the privileged partner of our customers by making

a unique difference in the quality of maintenance services we deliver.

EDITORIAL BOARD

STAFF WRITERS

Sqn Ldr BI Okon

Sqn Ldr RE Obi-Obasi

Sqn Ldr ET Iheoma

Fg Offr IP Ogbonna

Fg Offr FE Ezenyi

Fg Offr AF Omaga

MWO Kakandar E

MWO Shoyode Y

MWO Chukwuemeka H

WO Suleiman NL

FS Fanzhi TC

Sgt Lemamu JA

Sgt Adottah M

Lcpl Yekini O

PUBLISHER

Air Mshl AN Amosu CFR DSS psc fwc MSc

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Air Cdre DJ Alonge

EDITOR

Group Capt AK Famuyiwa

Features Fighting Terrorism and Insurgency in Nigeria: The NAF Perspective

The Dangers of Improvised Explosive Devices in Nigeria

Combat Stressors and Impact on Air Force Operation

Cover Story Combating the Insurgency Challenge

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The Airman Magazine Oct - Dec 14

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Towards an Enduring Safety Practice in The NAF

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Blazing Trail of Academic Excellence

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SENIOR GRAPHIC ARTIST

FS Alaba JO

COMPUTER OPERATORS

L/Cpl Olugbani IT

Mr Paul Onogbosele

PHOTOGRAPHERS

WO Suleiman MD

FS Bassy

Sgt Hanson EE

Cpl Henshaw NE

ADVERT EXECUTIVES

Sqn Ldr A Aliyu

Fg Offr GA Ikeh

Fg Offr EI Bayem

NewsCAS Bags National Honour

NAF Commissions DSSC Officers

SportsAfrican Shooting Competition: NAF Personnel Wins Bronze Medal in Team Event

Akwa-Ibom State Hosts NAF

AOC TC Exploits Community Relations for NAF Benefit

All stories, articles or views expressed in this magazine are those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Nigerian Air Force or The Federal Republic of Nigeria.

Published by the Directorate of Public Relations and Information, Nigerian Air Force, Abuja, the Airman is catalogued at the National Library as ‘ISSN 1118-5295.

Articles and stories meant for publication should be typed and forwarded to the Editor or any of the following DOPRI offices listed below.

HEADQUARTERS: Directorate of Public Relations and Information, Headquarters Nigerian Air Force, Area? Garki,Abuja.

LAGOS OFFICE: No1, Kofo Abayomi Street Victoria Island, Lagos.

MAKURDI OFFICE: Command Public Relations & Information Office, Tactical Air Command, Nigerian Air Force, Makurdi.

YENAGOA OFFICE: Command Public Relations & Information Office, Mobility Command, Nigerian Air Force, Yenagoa

KADUNA OFFICE: Command Public Relations & Information Office, Training Command, Nigerian Air Force, Kaduna.

KANO OFFICE: Information Office, 303 Flying Training School, Kano.

ENUGU OFFICE: Information Office, 305 Flying Training School, Enugu.

PORT HARCOURT OFFICE: Information Office, 97 Special Operations Group, Port Harcourt.

BENIN OFFICE: Information Office, 81 Air Maritime Group, Benin City.

All enquiries should be sent to [email protected].

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NAF Signs MOU on Technical and Training Support with PAF

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Fallen Heroes Laid to Rest

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More Roles for King Air 30

NAF Expands Force Structure

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New Leadership at Command Level

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Maiden Inter-Faith Conference in Retrospect

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New IG Police Seeks Closer Ties with NAF

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FCC Applauds NAF Recruitment Process

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PCBR assures NAF of Adequate Intervention

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Air Council Approves Promotion of Senior Officers to Higher Ranks

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2015: CAS Urges Personnel to Brace Up for Greater Challenges

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Insurgency: Gov Oshiomhole Urges NAF to be Undaunting

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FOC NAVTRAC Solicits for NAF Assistance in Benue State

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AOC Extols Relationship Between PULO SHIELD and Mobility Command

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NAF Establishes MRO in Ilorin

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Retired Military Personnel to Benefit from NHIS

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Retired Military Personnel to Benefit from NHIS

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Biography

The Pursuit of Providence 89

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Air Marshal AN Amosu CFR DSS psc fwc MSc

Willing Able Ready

VISION

KEY DRIVERS

Effective & Efficient Training and Capacity Development.

Advocacy for Credible Partnerships.

Renewed Emphasis on Operational Doctrines.

Personnel Motivation for Excellence.

Continuation of Fleet, Logistics and Infrastructural Renewal.

W YI DLL AI EN RG A LEB

N AIA RI FR OE RGI CEN

O E F TCI HF EF O

“To consolidate the transformation of the Nigerian Air

Force by employing innovative approaches, with

a focus on joint capabilities and consideration for

credible international partnerships.”

ur nation has been in the eye of the storm in

Orecent times due to insurgent activities, especially in North Eastern part of the Country.

Aside the threat to lives and well being of Nigerians the subversive activities of the Boko Haram sect has the potential to gradually undermine our political stability as a nation. This threat to our socio-economic prospect and political stability is also a serious concern within the West African sub-region due to its wider security implications. The declaration of this religious sect as a terrorist group by the international community, following its links with Al Qaeda and other similar organisations within the Sahel region, and its subsequent escalation of hostilities, has also been of growing global concern. It is thus apparent that the challenge posed by the Boko Haram sect has introduced a new dimension to Internal Security (IS) challenges in Nigeria and remains a source of growing negative publicity in the international arena.

At the strategic level, the Federal Government is exploiting diplomatic option to complement the current military campaign against insurgency in Nigeria. The recent agreement by member countries of the Lake Chad Basin Commission, comprising Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Nigeria, with the inclusion of the Republic of Benin, to form a multinational Joint Task Force to combat the Boko Haram sect is a positive development in this regard. Meanwhile, as the Armed Forces of Nigeria continues to grapple with the Boko Haram insurgency it is, at the same time, equally involved in other IS operations across different states of the Federation. The Nigerian Air Force, being an integral component of the Armed Forces, is actively involved in the IS operations including the on-going military campaign in the North East. Amidst the current security challenges, the nation is billed to hold general elections in the coming year 2015. The need to restore normalcy to troubled parts of the Country, with a view to holding free, fair and credible

general elections, thus places a serious strain on the nation's resources including the military. It is evident that the times are hard for us as a nation.

As we weather the storm, it is imperative to recognise the daily patriotic sacrifice by members of the Armed Forces to the continued survival of our nation. Notable among these patriots are the airmen and airwomen of Nigerian Air Force, particularly those involved in the North East operation, and those who have paid the supreme price for the unity of Nigeria. I salute the rare courage exhibited by these noble citizens of our dear nation for their selflessness and patriotism. It is worthy to note that the NAF is doing more than employing airpower in direct prosecution of the campaign against insurgency in Nigeria. We have adopted a holistic approach, incorporating a review of our operational doctrine to place greater emphasis on asymmetric warfare as an emerging security challenge, enhancing our capacity building and fleet resuscitation while promoting religious tolerance among the Air Force family through education and awareness creation, with a view to fulfilling our statutory roles.

In line with the recent developments, I wish to commend the theme of this edition of the Airman magazine, which is 'Repositioning the NAF to Meet Emerging Security Challenges'. The focus set for this edition is no doubt very apt as it largely captures recent NAF events and activities aimed at curbing the menace of insurgency in Nigeria. While urging all NAF personnel not to fail to perform their civic duty by acquiring the permanent voter's card, and to cast their votes during the 2015 general elections, it is necessary to remind ourselves that as members of the Armed Forces we are duty bound to remain apolitical. I wish you all a happy reading and a prosperous new year.

FROM THE

THE CHIEF OF AIR STAFFTHE CHIEF OF AIR STAFFTHE CHIEF OF AIR STAFFDESKDESKDESK of

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urrent security challenges in

CNigeria bring to fore the relevance of the four critical

reasons articulated in the Act of Parliament 1964 that established the Nigerian Air Force (NAF). First, to complement Nigeria's defence system; second, to ensure the versatile mobility of the Armed Forces; third is the provision of close air support to ground forces and lastly to give Nigeria the desired international prestige. Apart from the period of Nigerian civil war, at no time in the history of our nation have these reasons been made so evident as today in the light of our current socio-economic and political realities.

For this reason, this edition of the Airman focuses on the enormous contributions of the Nigerian Air Force to the restoration of peace and order in North East Nigeria. Not only has the NAF complemented the efforts of the Land forces, it has proven that the asymmetric nature of today's conflict environment requires the flexibility and reach that only an air force can provide. Principally, this edition of the Airman Magazine profiles the efforts and other

activities of the NAF in relations to the North East (NE) operation code named 'OPERATIONS ZAMAN LAFIYA'.

In appreciation of the selfless sacrifice, towards maintaining peace and stability in Nigeria, by the courageous men and women of the NAF, the edition also highlights the funeral ceremony of our personnel who died on active service in connection with the NE Operation. The NAF End-of-Year Get-together and recent promotion are equally highlighted in line with one of the key drivers of the CAS vision to enhance personnel motivation for excellence. Others include the community relations activities undertaken at Command and Unit level towards attainment of the NAF mission as well as the recent maintenance and developmental efforts under the current NAF administration. Given the spate of insurgent activities, there is the need to educate the public on the dangers of improvised explosives as well as give a helping hand to personnel, involved in combat operat ions, to handle s tress conditions. These considerations provided the basis for our selection of

the articles published in this edition. Since other stories are not less in significance, we therefore expect that our readers would find every page of this edition very interesting. As we come to the end of another year, the editorial team wishes to use this medium to appreciate all our readers for their support as we wish them a peaceful festive celebration and a prosperous 2015. Do have a happy reading.

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COVER STORY 8


COMBATING THE

INSURGENCYCHALLENGE

By Gp Capt AK Famuyiwa

he Boko Haram sect poses the most serious

Tsecurity challenge in Nigeria in recent times. The nefarious activities of these religious extremists,

ranging from armed attacks on public infrastructures, armed robbery, suicide bombing, kidnapping to killing, have increased steadily in tempo since 2009. Though the motive of this armed struggle against the Nigerian state was unclear at the beginning, it has become apparent that the aim of the sect is to establish a strict Islamic regime in the Christian-Muslim populated North Eastern (NE) region of the country. The sect uses the Sambisa Forest as launch pad to prosecute its religious campaign and through violent acts and banditry controls a number of towns and villages within the troubled region. Intermittently, it extends its reign of terror to neighbouring states in North West (NW) and North Central (NC) parts of the Country including Abuja with some degree of successes in an effort to enlarge its frontier of influence. Few attempts by the sect to permeate the South West (SW) and South Eastern (SE) parts of the country have failed woefully.

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As at September 2014, available statistics revealed over 4700 people have died and tens of thousands injured while more than 250,000 are internally displaced due to the activities of the Boko Haram Terrorist (BHT) group. While the figures are still counting, the sect, by its activities, has instituted widespread fear and insecurity across Nigeria thus undermining the authority and legitimacy of the nation's democratic government. The security situation in NE Nigeria seems to have defiled police action long before official declaration by the authority concerned thus stating the obvious that the nation is at war. The eventual admittance of this security reality and threat situation brought-in the Armed Forces to spearhead the collective efforts at combating the Boko Haram insurgents.

Over the succeeding years however, there are mixed feelings that no tangible affirmative developments have been achieved as regards the security situation in the country despite the chunk of the nation's resources committed to the course. Many argue that the combined security efforts, involving the nation's entire security agencies, have not sufficiently met the yearning for restoration of normalcy to the troubled region as well as fulfill the hope of putting an end to the terrorist activities. These proponents base their arguments on a seeming escalation of hostilities and other activities of the insurgents culminating in the continued abduction of over 200 girls from a secondary school in Chibok for more than 8-months now; the sect's intermittent annexation of some towns and villages within the NE region; the armed struggle to control Borno State and the plan to adopt its capital (Maiduguri) as the seat of power under an Islamic

regime enthroned by the sect. These arguments, on the contrary, seem to be oblivious of the fact that the military, to a large extent, has effectively pushed the BHT group away from states in NW and NC Nigeria thus restricting the sect's activities for now to limited locations in the NE.

Meanwhile, the military, of which the Nigerian Air Force is an integral component, has continued to receive much of the knocks for the perceived inability to stem the tide of violence and affront on the nation's sovereignty. The limited successes recorded over the past few months in the campaign against the Boko Haram however have proved very rewarding for the Armed Forces at a time. The recently aborted cease fire agreement between the Federal Government and the Boko Haram Group was premised on the success of the military campaign. Unfortunately, the cease fire had to be aborted due to its continued violation, the subsequent take-over of Mubi town and carnage by the sect. Be that as it may, the path to recent successes in air efforts against the sect is not a walkover after all.

OPERATION ZAMAN LAFIYA

The NAF has been actively involved since inception of the on-going military operations against insurgency in NE Nigeria. In addition to the air campaign codenamed OPERATION ZAMAN LAFIYA, the NAF also contributes troops for surface combat alongside the Nigerian Army and Navy. NAF fleet of fighter aircraft and helicopter gunship are employed in close air support role, battlefield interdiction and armed reconnaissance while the C-13O, G-222, ATR-42 MPA and King Air aircraft are used in support roles for airlift operations, casualty evacuation,

The CAS, Air Mshl AN Amosu welcoming the IGP, Mr Suleiman Abba into his office

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aerial surveillance as well as airborne command and control. While airpower employment in offensive roles against the insurgents was successful to a point, it became necessary at a time to review the NAF's strategy owing to the protracted nature of the operation contrary to earlier expectations. Consequently, a retreat was convened on helicopter operations based on the characteristic nature of the insurgency as a 'Low Intensity Conflict'.

RETREAT ON HELICOPTER OPERATIONS

Attended by frontline commanders and mostly helicopter pilots, the aim of the retreat was to discuss operational challenges within the context of the NE operations with a view to reappraising NAF strategy. The retreat re-invigorated the need for more proactive employment of airpower in the NE campaign as against the 'reactionary' use when called for by ground forces. Thus, it helped to redefine NAF's operational and strategic objectives for airpower employment within the context of the NE operations. The outcomes of the retreat later proved very useful in follow-up conduct of air campaign against the insurgents. It also provided the springboard for a follow-up retreat held subsequently on helicopter night operations.

OPERATIONS SEMINAR 2014

Though a biennial event, the rationale for hosting operations seminar is to seek ways of improving the capacity of the NAF operations elements for enhanced performance. With this mindset, Operations Seminar 2014 provided another opportunity, after the helicopter retreat, to exploit further the possibilities of enhancing airpower employment in NE operations. The theme 'Airpower Employment in Asymmetric Warfare: The NAF Perspective' was adopted with a view to employing the conference as a platform to evolving new strategies that would effectively combat the threat posed by emerging unconventional security challenges in the country. The imperative of achieving the strategic objectives set for the seminar guided the selection of the four papers that were presented. The first two papers and follow-up discussion focused on NAF aircraft capability and serviceability in furtherance of active employment of airpower, both in the direct prosecution of military campaign and provision of support in low intensity conflicts. The third paper x-rayed the import of Base Security and Force Protection to the success of NAF air operations. This became necessary in order to avert a repeat of the ugly incident of 2 Dec 2013 when the Boko Haram insurgents attacked 79 Composite Group Maiduguri and destroyed platforms parked on the apron. The last paper addressed issues of professional competence among NAF personnel. Prominent among the resolutions reached at the

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seminar were the need to:

Â Review NAF operational doctrine to reflect a renewed emphasis on asymmetric warfare.

Â Enhance commitment towards training of personnel including the training of Forward Air Controllers (FACs) in conjunction with surface forces.

Â Upgrade existing platforms with night fighting equipments to facilitate night operations.

It is gratifying to note that the NAF has started implementing a number of these resolutions. With full implementation, the resolutions are capable of enhancing the operational effectiveness and efficiency of the NAF appreciably, both now and in the future.

FLEET BOOST AND FOBs

Effective employment of airpower to combat Boko Haram insurgents and other activities of non-state actors require a combination of accurate real time intelligence and quick response capabilities while possessing the capacity to project adequate firepower when necessary. These factors necessitated the recent acquisition of 3 x King Air 350 surveillance aircraft to boost NAF capacity to gather intelligence for real time operational and long time strategic use. Additional three are expected to join the fleet soon while other aircraft

types are at the verge of induction. Also some Mi-24V helicopter gunships were acquired recently to enhance the on-going air campaign in the NE. Furthermore, for quick response in providing air support to ground troops, three additional Forward Operation Bases (FOBs) were recently established in NE Nigeria. Established in Borno and Adamawa States in conjunction with the Nigerian Army, the FOBs are located in Bama, Monguno and Mubi. Prompted principally by the on-going fight against insurgents in NE Nigeria, the new establishments are also aimed at enhancing NAF capability to undertake independent missions in the future. The FOBs would also allow NAF platforms to be strategically located to significantly reduce response time, sustain her presence and at the same time create chokepoints for the enemies.

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PHOTO NEWS ON NAF OPS SEMINAR 2014

Chairman Organising Committee Ops Seminar 2014, Air Cdre JF Adeleke discussiing with AVM AA Iya (COPP DHQ) with AVM OC Obierika (rtd) in the background

Cross section of senior officers listening to the presentation of one of the papers during the occasion

AVMs AI Shehu (COSE) and JM Gbum (AOC TAC)Comdts AFIT and AFRC, AVMs TA Adokwu and MR Morgan

Air Mshl AN Amosu (CAS), AVM UA Omeiza (fmr AOC TAC) and other senior officers in attendance Former CAS, Air Mshl Nsikak Eduok (rtd), AVM SB Abubakar (CODC DHQ) and other retired senior officers at the Operations Seminar 2014

Cross section of SNCOs at Operations Seminar 2014(L-R)Two of the senior officers who presented papers at the Ops Seminar 2014, Gp Capts NN Ananaba and AY Abdullahi

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Goodwill Messagefrom

NIGERIAN ARMED FORCES RESETTLEMENT CENTER

It is with utmost that I write this goodwill on the occasion of the c o n f e r m e n t o f

Nat iona l Honour o f Commander of the Federal Republic (CFR) on a d e s e r v i n g b r o t h e r, confidant, soul and course and a boss par excellence, I have known Mm to be a meticulous, committed, determined and God fearing officer. The of Air Mshl AN Amosu as the 19 Chief of the Air Staff in January 2014 did not to many of us as a surprise, having known Ms leadership qualities since our cadet days. It is noteworthy under his leadership, the NAF has witnessed unparalleled in respects. The NAF is now more operationally positioned to effectively combat the monstrous security challenges facing our nation. Through well thought out programmes and prudent use of scarce resources, the NAF now enjoys better provisioning of platforms, accouterments and spec i a l i zed equipment to mention a few.

The welfare of the personnel has also been boosted through the provision of well-furnished accommodation across NAF units. Another outstanding achievement of the current CAS within barely a year of assuming office is the r e s t r u c t u r i n g , e x p a n s i o n a n d

repositioning of the NAF with a view to enhancing service delivery. One of the benefits of this is the room to accommodate and promote more personnel. Consequently, the morale of the personnel is higher and they are better motivated. I sincerely commend the CMef for achieving this much.

The conferment of CFR on the CAS is indeed a well-deserved honour and a call

for performance. We at NAFRC total support and loyalty. On behalf of the military personnel and civilian staff of NAFRC I wish to felicitate with the CAS for a well-deserved national honour. We rejoice with and wish God's guidance and many more success. Sir, I remain and loyal.

Air Vice Marshal

MR MORGAN DSS psc fwc BSc QFI

Commandant

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he Chief of Air Staff (CAS), Air Marshal Adesola

TAmosu has been conferred with the 'Commander of the Federal Republic (CFR)' Award in

recognition of his contributions to national development. The President and Commander-in-Chief, Federal Republic of Nigeria, Dr Goodluck Jonathan made the conferment alongside other 312 recipients of various National Honours during the 2014 Investiture Ceremony held recently in Abuja. Also conferred with the CFR award are the Chief of Defence Staff, Air Chief Marshal AS Badeh; Chief of Army Staff, Lieutenant General KTJ Minimah; Chief of Naval Staff, Vice Admiral UO Jubirin and Acting Inspector General Police, Mr Suleiman Abba.

Addressing the recipients, President Jonathan expressed the hope that the recognition accorded the recipients would inspire them and other Nigerians to rededicate themselves to render quality service to the nation and humanity in general. While congratulating the awardees, the President also enjoined them to continue to tow the path of honour and pursuit of merit, hardwork and intellectualism, adding that the honour bestowed on the recipients was an additional responsibility to demonstrate the strength of character that brought them to the hall of fame.

Meanwhile, the CAS, Air Mshl Adesola Amosu has dedicated his CFR award to officers and men of the Nigerian Air Force involved in the fight against insurgents in the North Eastern part of the Country noting that their gallantry efforts and sacrifices deserved greater honour. The CAS made the dedication at a reception held in his

honour in Abuja. While thanking Mr President and the nation at large for finding him worthy to bag the prestigious honour of CFR. The CAS expressed the optimism that the situation would soon be a thing of the past.

CAS BAGS NATIONAL AWARD

The CAS and his wife, Mrs Omolara Amosu (National President NAFOWA) after the ceremony

(R-L) The COAS, CNS, CAS and the IGP displaying their award certificates

NEWS 15


he Nigerian Air Force (NAF) recently signed a

TMemorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) on technical and training

support. The Chief of Air Staff, Air Marshal Adesola Amosu signed the MOU with the Shaheen Foundation, Pakistan Air Force while on a visit recently to Pakistan. As part of defence cooperation between Nigeria and Pakistan, the MOU covers training, capacity building and fleet maintenance. According to the CAS, the goal is to enhance the operational capacity of the NAF to meet her statutory roles. The recent technical agreement became necessary to enable Nigeria benefit from Pakistan's wealth of experience in asymmetric warfare and expertise in aircraft maintenance given that the air forces of both nations operate a number of similar aircraft type including the F-7Ni and C-130H.

Under the new agreement, PAF would provide technical assistance to NAF in the area of training and logistics

support to build the capacity of own personnel to undertake major inspections on the F-7Ni/FT-7Ni aircraft. Other areas covered by the agreement include installation of F-7Ni testers, and calibration where necessary, as well as training of NAF technicians the aircraft testers and other associated systems.

Some members of the Technical Assistance Group (TAG), comprising a-20-man team, has arrived Nigeria to commence 100 and 300 hours inspections on the F-7 Ni aircraft. The team will later be joined by other members to form a deputation that would work with the NAF for the next 2 years. The Pakistani deputation to Nigeria would help to consolidate the technology transfer to the NAF. Furthermore, arrangements are on-going to receive another deputation on the C-130H aircraft, comprising a team of 4 technicians, to help build the capacity of NAF technicians on C-130 aircraft maintenance.

NAF SIGNS MOU ON TECHNICAL AND TRAINING SUPPORT WITH PAKISTAN AIR FORCE By Sqn Ldr RE Obi-Obasi

Chief of the Air Staff, Air Mshl Adesola Amosu signing the Technical Support and Training Agreement with Shaheen Foundation, PAF

Air Marshal Adesola Amosu laying wreath at the cenotaph at Air Force Headquarters Pakistan. Pakistan Chief of Air Staff. Air Chief Marshal Tahir Rafique Butt receiving Air Marshal Adesola Amosu to Headquarters Pakistan Air Force

Managing Director Aircraft Manufacturing Factory, AVM Sayed Nudrat conducting the CAS and Nigerian Ambassador to Pakistan round the F-7 aircraft overhaul hangar.

Chief Executive Officer, Global Industrial Defence Solutions, AVM Zubair Malik (rtd) and members of the Nigerian delegation

Chief Executive Officer, Global Industrial Defence Solutions, AVM Zubair Malik (rtd) and members of the Nigerian delegation

Pakistan President, Mr Mamnoo Huaasin meeting with the CAS, Air Marshal Adesola AmosuPakistan Minister of Defence Production, Choudhry Rana Tanveer Hussain briefing discussing with the CAS and Ambassador Dauda Danladi

Air Marshal Adesola Amosu discussing with Pakistan Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, General Rashad Mahmood at Joint Services Headquarters Pakistan

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It is with delight that I, on behalf of the Staff and Students of Armed Forces Command and Staff

College (AFCSC) Jaji, congratulate the Chief of Air Staff, Air Marshal AN Amosu CFR DSS psc fwc MSc on his recent conferment with the National Honour of the Commander of the Order of the Federal Republic (CFR) by the President, Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, Federal Republic of Nigeria, Dr Goodluck Ebele Jonathan GCFR.

This honour depicts the confidence the Nation reposes on your leadership. It is an honour that is not only a deserving one, but one borne

out of hardwork and dedication. Your zeal and commitment has continued to inspire officers and men to work for the common good of the Nation. AFCSC and the entire Jaji Community wish you God's guidance as you fly the Nigerian Air Force into greater and clearer skies.

CONGRATULATIONS SIR!!!

Goodwill Message

Air Vice Marshal

JC IFEMEJE DSS psc(+) fdc BSc MoSS FCIA

Commandant

from

A

NA D M AM NDO C S TS AE FC FR CO OF LD LE E

M G

R E

* *J A AJ II R N EIG

LEADERSHIP KNOWLEDGEAND

ARMED FORCES COMMAND AND STAFF COLLEGE JAJI

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INTRODUCTION

t is indeed a great honour and privilege for me to join

Iyou in commemorating the Golden Jubilee Anniversary of the Department of Political Science of our Great

University of Ibadan. I am proud to identify with this premier citadel of academic excellence and in particular the Department of Political Science. The Department is indeed fulfilling her Mission Statement, which is, “To be a world class Department in the production of graduates and post graduates who are qualified in character and learning to serve the nation and humanity outstandingly, and in the building of the capacities and competencies of security services to deliver quality security and peace services to the nation and humanity.” I am delighted to be with you this morning, to talk on a subject matter that is perhaps the most critical security challenge in the history of our great nation. This is of particular significance, considering that my audience today largely comprises the next generation of strategic leaders of our key government ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs) as well as future captains of industry and enterprise of our great nation. I hope our interactions today will not only be interesting and thought provoking, but also stimulate ideas that may translate into future policy.

My discourse this morning will focus on the Nigerian Air Force perspective on Fighting Terrorism and Insurgency in the North East of Nigeria. Since the end of the Cold War in 1989, there has been a fundamental change in conflict management in the international community. The reality now is that conflicts are more intra-state in nature rather than inter-state, and this has of course led nations to refocus on developing and sustaining capabilities for the management of internal crises. These internal crises generally manifest as low intensity conflicts which are mostly asymmetric in nature,

“FIGHTING TERRORISM “FIGHTING TERRORISM AND INSURGENCY IN NIGERIA: AND INSURGENCY IN NIGERIA:

THE NIGERIAN AIR FORCE THE NIGERIAN AIR FORCE PERSPECTIVE”PERSPECTIVE”

“FIGHTING TERRORISM AND INSURGENCY IN NIGERIA:

THE NIGERIAN AIR FORCE PERSPECTIVE”

A strategic public lecture delivered by

AIR MARSHAL AN AMOSU CFR DSS psc fwc MSc, Chief of the Air Staff

On the occasion of the Golden Jubilee Anniversary of the Department of Political Science, University of Ibadan

LECTURE 19


stemming from political upheavals or ethnic and religious rivalry and often resulting into terrorism and insurgency. Accordingly, terrorism and insurgency, which seem to go hand-in-hand, are currently at the fore of the world's attention and have completely altered the shape of the global security equation.

It is well-known that Terrorism has no universally accepted definition. However, for the purpose of our discussions today, let me adopt James M. Poland's definition, which is; The premeditated, deliberate, systematic murder, mayhem and threatening of the innocent to create fear and intimidation in order to gain a political or tactical advantage.1 Terrorism induces fear through threats of violence, or actual acts of violence designed to have psychological impact on a much wider audience beyond the immediate victims of the attack.2 On its part, insurgency seeks radical change to the existing political or social order through the use of sustained violence and political disruption.3 It is a long-term form of warfare in which attacks are carried out mainly by guerrilla cells and terrorists, often targeting civilians and infrastructure. More important than the violence of insurgency are its political, economic, and social components. These are oftentimes at the heart of the conflict.4 Thus, instead of defeating military forces, the goal of insurgencies is generally to progressively erode the constituted authority and legitimacy of the ruling government. We would do well to hold these ideas in our collective consciousness, as they would be instructive in our assessment of the scenario here in Nigeria.

At the moment, our country faces serious security challenges; the most critical is the challenge posed by the extremist group popularly known as Boko Haram. Although the activities of Boko Haram are mainly prevalent in the North Eastern part of Nigeria, we have experienced repeated attacks in locations like Kano, Kaduna, Niger and Plateau States, and even in Abuja. There can therefore be no doubt in our minds that terrorism and insurgency, as represented largely by Boko Haram, pose a grave threat to the security and prosperity of the entire nation. Accordingly, every national resource has been deployed against the threat, including the full weight of the nation's military, of which the Nigerian Air Force is an integral component.

AIM

The aim of this lecture, therefore, is to present the Nigerian Air Force perspective on the fight against terrorism and insurgency, drawing from the lessons of the ongoing campaign in the North East of Nigeria.

SCOPE

My talk today is not intended as an academic exercise, nor is it an effort to capture the lessons from the fight against terrorism and insurgency in other parts of the world. Rather, it is mainly drawn from our local experiences in various previous Internal Security operations and the

current contingencies in the North East of our country. Accordingly, my intent is not to provide further academic rigour, but rather to agitate our minds as a prelude to our discussions. I shall therefore commence with a look at the impact of terrorism and insurgency on the Nigerian Society, before giving credence for an all-inclusive approach to combating the scourge. Lastly, I will discuss the Role of the Nigerian Air Force in the fight against terrorism and insurgency.

IMPACT OF TERRORISM AND INSURGENCY ON THE NIGERIAN SOCIETY

Since its resurgence from near annihilation in 2009, Boko Haram has fought to extend its area of operations, lengthened its list of targets and enhanced its operational abilities. Indeed the Boko Haram terrorist insurgency now appears to be the biggest threat to the security and sovereignty of Nigeria since the Civil War of 1967-1970. There is little doubt that the activities of this terror sect have had far reaching negative impact on the wellbeing of the nation. Although time would not permit a comprehensive assessment, I shall for the next few minutes highlight some of the most worrisome aspects in terms of the Humanitarian, Socio-Political and Economic Impact.

HUMANITARIAN IMPACT

The main areas of concern in terms of the humanitarian impact are human casualties as well as internal displacement and refugees.

Human Casualties. In my view, the worst consequence of the unbridled violence and wanton destruction unleashed by Boko Haram has been the unfortunate toll on human life and safety. Available statistics indicate a worrisome trend of increasingly lethal terror attacks which are focused on soft targets. For instance, whereas a total of 3,124 deaths and 1,447 injuries were recorded in terror attacks across the country in 2013, as at September 2014 we have already suffered over 4,700 deaths and 921 injuries.5 This blatant disregard for human life grossly

20


violates all human principles protecting the sanctity of life and must be dealt with decisively as a matter of utmost urgency.

Internal Displacement and Refugees. The terrorist insurgency has led to the displacement of populations in the affected states. Available figures indicate that no fewer than 250,000 people are now internally displaced in the North East Region as a direct result of Boko Haram activity.6 Moreover, according to the UN High Commission on Refugees, over 10,000 Nigerians have also crossed into Cameroon, Chad and Niger in recent months.7 The plight of these internally displaced persons and refugees can be best described as unfortunate. This is more so considering the dislocation from their families and social capital bases.

SOCIO-POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT

Since the escalation of the Boko Haram terrorist insurgency, the nation has been overshadowed by extreme insecurity. Armed attacks, kidnappings as well as intermittent suicide and car bombings have become commonplace, thus creating an atmosphere of continuous apprehension. These continuous attacks dampen public enthusiasm towards the government and may lead to socio-political agitations and upheavals which, though often well intentioned, could constitute distractions to the government. A case in point is the ongoing political agitation by various groups over the abduction by Boko Haram of more than 200 female students from Chibok. While the concerns driving the agitations are well appreciated, care must be taken not to create undue political turmoil.

Economically, the costs resulting from damage to property and infrastructure occasioned by the numerous attacks by the Boko Haram terrorists has been astronomical. Moreover, it goes without saying that the actions of the terrorists have had a serious impact on the national economy, since business activity is invariably truncated where insecurity prevails. This is besides the high capital cost which the nation must bear as we wage a prolonged campaign against insurgency. Another

important consideration in terms of the socio-political and economic impact is the adverse effect on the nation's international image generated by the activities of Boko Haram. This negatively affects the international perceptions about Nigeria and could hinder foreign direct investment in the nation's economy.

COMBATING TERRORISM AND INSURGENCY IN NIGERIA: SUPPORT FOR AN ALL-INCLUSIVE APPROACH

Undoubtedly, the military response to terrorism is fundamental and must remain robust and effective. However in view of the complex nature of the threat the military response, though necessary, may not provide a complete solution. There is therefore the need for an all-inclusive approach which harmonizes all available resources and capabilities. Specifically, this approach will mainly focus on the Anti-Terrorism aspects, with emphasis on the need for a paradigm shift and empowering the Nigeria Police and other security agencies.

NEED FOR A PARADIGM SHIFT

It is evident that Nigeria is now in a fight for its very existence against sinister forces that are extremely determined to destroy our cherished way of life. The threat is very real and, should the terrorists succeed, no part of this nation would be spared. Hence it is absolutely critical that we match the determination of the terrorists with an even more ruthless determination of our own to overcome the threat. This calls for a revolutionary change in our individual and collective mentalities in 2 critical ways.

First, all well-meaning Nigerians must accept that the fight against terrorism is not just for the military and security agencies alone, but is a collective responsibility. Everyone must be determined to contribute in whichever way possible towards finding a lasting solution to the challenge posed by terrorism. Secondly and more importantly, we must all renew our commitment to excellence in the diligent performance of our duties. We can never hope to defeat such a determined and dangerous enemy if we maintain an attitude of mediocrity and complacency towards our duties. This two-pronged paradigm shift of accepting collective responsibility and rejecting complacent mediocrity is crucial to the success of our campaign against terrorism. Accordingly, no effort should be spared in the advocacy for the much needed attitudinal change to galvanize the entire nation towards defeating terrorism.

In discussing the ways and means to overcome terrorism, it is important to consider two broad aspects, namely; Anti-terrorism and Counter-terrorism. Anti-terrorism includes defensive measures taken to reduce vulnerability to terrorist attacks.8 Counter-terrorism, on the other hand, refers to offensive means taken to prevent, deter and respond to terrorism.9 Naturally, the Armed Forces are in the forefront of counter-terrorist action. This

21


however does not absolve all other stakeholders from our collective responsibility. Therefore, to achieve a sustainable solution to the problem of terrorism, proper attention must be given to both the Anti-and Counter-terrorism aspects.

Anti-terrorism measures seek to tackle the root causes and drivers of terrorist action whilst ensuring the development of robust protective protocols, systems, procedures and infrastructure. This would inevitably require Political, Economic, Ideological and government intervention.

a. Political Intervention. There are, in most cases, elements of political dissent to the expression of terrorism. Where necessary therefore, political leadership must intervene to encourage dialogue instead of violence. The overriding consideration would be to persuade disgruntled political elements to refrain from destructive tendencies.

b. Economic Intervention. Extreme poverty and a sense of economic frustration provide breeding grounds for dangerous radical sentiments. This situation is often exploited by terrorist groups in the recruitment of members. It is therefore important that government at all levels continually provide economic interventions designed to eliminate extreme poverty and deprivation. This would deny terrorists a vital link in their recruitment chain.

c. Ideological Intervention. Te r ro r i s t groups are known to utilize extreme religious or political ideologies for radicalisation of their members. This radicalisation produces the irrational mind-set which attempts to justify terrorist action. Hence, our anti-terrorism measures must incorporate de-radicalisation programmes designed to reverse the effects of extreme radicalisation. This is vital because it would help to break the grip of the terrorist groups on repentant members, who could then be helped to re-integrate into the society.

d. Government Intervention. Government must ensure the following:

(1) All security agencies are kept well equipped and properly motivated.

(2) Social and economic activities are regulated to ensure compliance with security requirements. To achieve this, there is the need for the establishment of security dispatch service centres across the country. These centres, which must be properly equipped with communication resources, would serve as hubs for the interface of all security and emergency response agencies. This would ensure a more coordinated and effective response to security threats and safety hazards wherever they occur.

(3) Public infrastructure should be designed and constructed to incorporate necessary security features such as fences, lighting and surveillance equipment (cameras, motion sensors, etc). The Federal Government should encourage state and local governments to rebuild commercial car parks and strictly control their operating times. They should also introduce technology to detect improvised explosive devices and other dangerous substances. In essence, we must activate a culture in which security features are considered as essential as basic amenities such as electricity and water supply.

(4) Private developers of facilities for social and economic activities must be made to comply with the appropriate security standards.

(5) Access through all major cities must be effectively controlled. In this regard, transiting trailers and other heavy haulage vehicles should be encouraged to use bye-pass roads where available.

NIGERIA POLICE FORCE AS LEAD AGENCY IN ANTI-TERRORISM

22


The Nigeria Police Force has numerical strength and with good deployment spread across the country. This strength and spread, coupled with their statutory mandate to prevent crime and protect government infrastructure, uniquely positions the Police for the lead role in anti-terrorism. However, for this to be a reality, the Police must be empowered accordingly. In this regard, urgent attention is required in the following areas:

a. Revamping of Police equipment and infrastructure, as well as welfare schemes to boost morale and motivate the Police for greater effectiveness.

b. Elimination of unnecessary beaurocracy in the oversight by the Police Service Commission, to prevent needless delays in the provision of resources to the Police.

c. Improvement of existing Police detention facilities, as well as provision of adequate numbers of specialized detention facilities for hardened terrorists. Such specialized detention facilities are critical to the success of anti-terrorism because they ensure that hardened terrorists are denied any possibility of escape. The Guantanamo Bay terrorist detention facility built by the US government demonstrates the effectiveness of such resources.

d. Provision of effective and secure radio-based communications and dispatch systems which are independent of the commercial telecommunications services.

It is noteworthy that the government has invested considerably towards the enhancement of the NPF's capabilities. However, it is believed that if the issues highlighted herein are fully addressed, the NPF would be empowered as the effective lead agency in the anti-terrorism drive.

SYNERGY AMONGST OTHER SECURITY AGENCIES

There is the need for greater synergy amongst all other security agencies to ensure the success of the anti-terrorism efforts. For instance, the Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps should work in close coordination with the Police to provide support in the area of physical security. Furthermore, the Department of State Services must continue to provide timely intelligence for both Anti- and Counter-Terrorism efforts. Similarly, the DIA should effectively monitor the intelligence environment in our neighbouring states and share vital information as necessary. Additionally, there is the need to consider an oversight structure such as a Homeland Security Office, with the NSA playing the lead role in this regard.

One of the realities evident from our ongoing experiences in the fight against terrorism is that terrorist organizations operate without regard for international

boundaries. Accordingly, there is a need to renew emphasis on border control, with a view to completely curtailing the freedom of action of terrorist groups. The scope of this renewed emphasis should not only address the strengthening of border posts, but must also take into consideration entry points such as air and sea ports. Naturally the lead agency in this regard would be the Nigeria Immigration Service with close support from the Nigeria Customs Service and the Police.

In view of the current challenges of border control, it has become imperative to take a critical look at the architecture of the physical measures to secure the nation's borders against unlawful incursion. Accordingly, the Nigeria Immigration Service must be empowered to deploy appropriate physical measures to eliminate uncontrolled access of terrorists across international borders. In addition, for greater efficiency there is the need for a reduction in the number of designated entry points as this would allow for more effective monitoring of trans-border movement as well as ensuring more robust border patrols. In this regard and in light of the current security challenges in the North East, it is recommended that there should be no more than 5 designated entry points for border crossing in the North of Nigeria. Admittedly, this all-inclusive approach would be a daunting task both in terms of material resources and political will; nevertheless it is crucial to achieving a lasting victory against terrorism and insurgency.

NIGERIAN AIR FORCE ROLE IN THE FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM AND INSURGENCY

The Nigerian Air Force is actively participating in the ongoing counter insurgency action in the North East of the country, codenamed OPERATION ZAMAN LAFIA. In addition, the Nigerian Air Force is providing air support for OPERATION RESTORE PEACE which is ongoing in the Middle Belt, as well as surveillance efforts in Bakura Forrest and Bauchi environs. The air effort in the North East of the country is designed to decimate, degrade, destabilize and demoralize the Boko Haram Terrorists with a view to completely curtailing their freedom of action. The scope of air operations have included but not been limited to the following categories:

a. Airlift of troops and equipment.

b. Rotation of forces.

c. Close Air Support of surface forces.

d. Battlefield Interdiction.

e. Tactical Transport.

f. Casualty Evacuation.

g. Air Surveillance Operations.

h. Armed Reconnaissance Missions.

i. Airborne Command and Control.

23


In all, the Nigerian Air Force has carried out more than 5,390 missions so far, comprising 2,468 on various ground attack platforms, about 1,443 missions on the ATR-42 and Beechcraft air surveillance platforms and 1,479 airlift missions using the G-222 and the C-130H. Meanwhile, with operations ongoing, these figures are being surpassed even as we speak. Whilst we are recording significant gains in the ongoing effort, the war has brought to fore the need for a critical look at how we define air power vis-à-vis shaping of the battle space and control of the air.

FUTURE CAPABILITIES

Naturally, the lessons learnt in the course of the counter-insurgency campaign have proven instructive in this regard, as well as our growing concerns over recent military acquisitions of some neighbouring states. Keeping these considerations firmly in focus, the Nigerian Air Force is determined to acquire platforms and develop the necessary capabilities to continue to execute our assigned air power responsibilities in a complex and dynamic threat scenario. Therefore, what are the capabilities that the Nigerian Air Force desires to possess in order to remain effective in the fight against terrorism and insurgency?

a. Enhanced Surveillance and Air Defence Platforms.

b. Expanded and Upgraded Fleet of Ground Attack Helicopters for Close Air Support.

c. More Robust Defence of Military Installations and Protection of Critical National Infrastructure.

d. Improved Training and Logistics Support. The Nigerian Air Force recognizes that training and logistics support are essential for a seamless transition to an upgraded state of operational readiness.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, distinguished ladies and gentlemen, I have in

the course of this presentation showed how the scourge of terrorism and insurgency has negatively impacted the Nigerian society in terms of the painful loss of human life, injuries and damage to property, not to mention the creation of internally displaced persons and even refugees.

Maintaining a potent and credible military response, though absolutely necessary, may not provide a complete solution to terrorism and insurgency. Rather, what is needed is an all-inclusive approach, stemming from a radical paradigm shift which is hinged on an acceptance of collective responsibility and a rejection of complacency and mediocrity. With this renewed mind-set, the entire nation can engage proactively to achieve set objectives in terms of both the Anti- and Counter Terrorism aspects of the fight. For Anti-Terrorism, the Nigeria Police must be empowered and repositioned to take the lead role, with the synergistic support of the other security agencies. Counter-Terrorism on the other hand remains the preserve of the Nigerian Armed Forces, but with necessary support from all other security agencies. For the Nigerian Air Force, the air effort in the North East of the country is designed to decimate, degrade, destabilize and demoralize the Boko Haram Terrorists with a view to completely curtailing their freedom of action. This we have creditably carried out.

For us the future for the Nigerian Air Force is bright and the current security challenges will evidently spur us to improved capabilities. Already, new acquisitions to boost our capabilities are ongoing. Our nation will get stronger and the Armed Forces will come out of the current contingencies with unprecedented capabilities.

In closing, let me once again thank the distinguished Vice Chancellor of this Great Institution, as well as the leadership of the Department of Political Science, for giving me this unique opportunity to share my thoughts with this distinguished audience. I congratulate the Department on attaining the Golden Jubilee and wish you many more successful years ahead.

Long Live the Great University of Ibadan and God bless our dear country Nigeria. I thank you all.

24


he fight against Boko Haram insurgents in North

TEast Nigeria has not been without a cost. The Nigerian Air Force, in particular, has lost both men

and equipment. These include the two helicopter crashes on 21 July and 13 November 2014. The first crash involved late Flight Lieutenant Akweke Junior Nwakile who died aboard a Mi-35P helicopter while on routine flying training mission around Bama in Borno State. Following this accident was another one that claimed the lives of Group Captain Ubong Nnamso Akpan and Master Warrant Officer Zabesan Hosea whose sad event took place in Girei Local Government Area of Adamawa State while undertaking a night combat mission in a Mi-24V helicopter. The deceased heroes have all been buried with full military honours. Their funeral ceremonies were held at the National Military Cemetery, Abuja. Both occasions were well attended by the military high command, top government functionaries as well as colleagues, friends and family members who came to pay their last respect to the deceased. May their gentle souls rest in perfect peace (amen).

LATE FLIGHT LIEUTENANT AKWEKE JUNIOR NWAKILE

Born in Kano on 22 March 1985, Flight Lieutenant Akweke Junior Nwakile hailed from Ndiakwu Otolo Nnewi-North

Local Government Area of Anambra State. He had his early education at St Louis Nursery and Primary School Kano before proceeding to St Thomas Secondary School Kano for his secondary education.

Junior Nwakile was admitted into the Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA) on 29 September 2003 as a member of Regular Course 55. Winning laurels, Nwakile successfully completed his cadet military training 4 years later with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Physics. He was the best graduating officer cadet in the Department of Physics and the best graduating Air Force cadet of NDA Regular Course 55. Nwakile was commissioned a Pilot Officer in the Nigerian Air Force on 29 September 2007. Meeting all requirements, he was subsequently promoted to the rank of Flying Officer in September 2008 and Flight Lieutenant in September 2012.

Akweke Nwakile commenced his ab-initio flying training on the Air Bettle-18 aircraft in October 2007 at 301 Flying Training School, Kaduna. While ongoing his initial flying training, Nwakile underwent the Basic survival course at the Infantry Corp Center and School Jaji Kaduna before proceeding to the USA for his Basic Helicopter Pilot Training on Schweitzer 300CBI Helicopter at Bristow Academy in Louisiana. Having successfully completed the series of initial flying training, Nwakile became qualified as

FALLEN HEROES LAID TO REST

Pall bearers standing by the bodies of late Gp Capt UN Akpan and MWO Hosea Zabesan

NEWS 25


a winged helicopter pilot in the Nigerian Air Force on return from overseas. Thereafter, late Nwakile had his operational conversion training on the Agusta 109 Light Utility Helicopter at 305 Flying Training School Enugu. This was followed by simulator training on aircraft type in Italy. Other helicopter flying training courses attended by Nwakile include Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) Course and Certified Flight Instructor Instrument (CFII) Course at the Bristow Academy, Louisiana, USA. As combat pilot, Nwakile underwent further Helicopter Conversion Course and Tactical Training on the MI-35 Attack Helicopter at the 97 Special Operations Group, Port Harcourt. He also attended the Search and Rescue/Disaster Relief course at the National Emergency Management Agency Abuja.

Flight Lieutenant Akweke Junior Nwakile served in several capacities as an operational pilot in the course of his career in the Nigerian Air Force. He was a squadron pilot at 305 Flying Training School Enugu and 97 SOG Special Operations Group Port Harcourt where he also served as an Instructor Pilot. He also participated in the African-Led Intervention Force in Mali (AFISMA) as a squadron pilot and later in the Joint Task Force Operation Zaman Lafiya in North-Eastern Nigeria until his death on 21 July 2014. He is survived by his mother and siblings.

LATE GROUP CAPTAIN UBONG NNAMSO AKPAN

Born on 27 March 1971, Group Captain Ubong Nnambo Akpan enlisted into the Nigerian Air Force as a member of Nigerian Defence Academy Regular Course 41 on 17 September 1989. Graduating from NDA with Bachelor Degree in Biological Science, Akpan was commissioned Pilot Officer in the Nigerian Air Force on 17 September 1994. Being in the Intelligence Corp at the onset of his military career, late Gp Capt Akpan attended Young Officers' Course (Intelligence) at the Nigerian Army Intelligence School Lagos before venturing into flying. Akpan did his initial flying training at 301 Flying Training School, Kaduna followed by ab-initio/advanced helicopter

flying training in South Africa. His junior and senior staff courses were at the prestigious Armed Forces Command and Staff College, Jaji.

Gp Capt UN Akpan held several appointments in the course of his career in the NAF. As a young officer, he served as intelligence officer at 97 Special Operations Group Port Harcourt, 305 Flying Training School Enugu, National Air Defence Corp Lagos and the Directorate of Air Intelligence, Headquarters Nigerian Air Force, Abuja. On completion of his flying training, he returned to 97 SOG Port Harcourt as operational helicopter pilot. Akpan was actively involved in Special Task Force Operation Safe Haven in Jos and Operation Zaman Lafiya in Yola before his demise while on active service on 13 November 2014. He is survived by a wife and 3 children.

LATE MASTER WARRANT OFFICER ZABESAN HOSEA

Born on 12 June 1965 at Yerwa Nasarawa LGA, Plateau State. He enlisted into the Nigerian Air Force (NAF) on 15 June 1987 and completed his Basic Military Training on 29

26


April 1988. Young Zabesan was granted initial rank of Lance Corporal and was mustered as a motor mechanic in the NAF.

Thereafter, Zabesan attended Local Type-rating Course on Mi-35PN Heli Flight Engineering Course at 97 Special Operations Group, Port Harcourt. His subsequent training includes Advanced Fire Fighting/Prevention Course and Aircraft Structural Course at the Federal Fire Service Training School Surulere Lagos and AMECON, Lagos respectively.

Late MWO Zabesan served in different capacities and units during the course of his career in the NAF. They include 104 Personnel Management Group Lagos, Air Force Institute of Technology Kaduna, 401 Aircraft Maintenance Depot Lagos and 97 Special Operations Group Port Harcourt. Zabesan participated in ECOMOG Operation Liberty in Liberia and was deployed on Operation Zaman Lafiya in North East Nigeria until his death on 13 November 2014. He is survived by a wife and child.

Daughter of late Gp Capt UN Akpan paying tribute to her father during the burial ceremony The CDS, Air Chf Mshl AS Badeh, Air Mshl AN Amosu and other senior officers at late Nwakile's burial

The HMOD, Lt Gen Aliyu Gusau (rtd) commiserating with the wife of late MWO Zabesan HThe HMOD commiserating with the spouse of late Gp Capt UN Akapan

The Chaplain NAF Protestant Church, Wg Cdr (Rev) Okoye conducting the faith service during the burial of Flt Lt Akweke Nwakile

Late Flt Lt AJ Nwakile's mother, brother and other family members at the funeral ceremony in Abuja

27


Maj Gen Awala presenting the national colours to Mrs Akpan for keeps in memory of her late husband

The CDS rep, Maj Gen Awala presenting the national colours to Mrs Zabesan

Mrs Zabesan paying last respect to her late husbandMrs Akpan laying wreath in honour of her late husband

The HMOD, Lt Gen Aliyu Gusau (rtd) laying wreath in honour of the deceased personnel The IGP, Mr Suleiman Abba laying wreath during the burial ceremony

Body of late MWO Zabesan Hosea being lowered into the grave by his colleaguesThe remains of late Gp Capt Akapn being lowered into the grave

28


Air Cdre AC Onyemuwa (NAF/1763)

Gp Capt UN Akpan (NAF/2209)

Gp Capt A Makun (NAF/2229)

Sqn Ldr AA Yusuf (NAF/2592)

Flt Lt AJ Nwakile (NAF/3014)

Flt Lt AH Sanusi (NAF/3075)

Fg Offr FB Gwandu (NAF/3139)

NAF79/11163 MWO Yilshang LM

NAF82/13191 MWO Marcus D

NAF84/13962 MWO Ajayi M

NAF85/14396 MWO Abdul-Kareem MA

NAF87/15508 MWO Zabesan H

NAF87/15474 MWO Erinle OA

NAF91/16505 MWO Kukah M

NAF81/12280 WO Odu J

NAF84/13893 WO Dauda PA

NAF85/14136 WO Atueyi CI

NAF85/14292 WO Nwagala KD

NAF92/17060 WO Damala M

NAF97/18160 WO Hausana IA

NAF97/18202 WO Ibrahim MB

NAF99/19707 WO Mohammed HG

NAF00/20114 WO Joel G

NAF92/16785 FS Billy J

NAF92/16819 FS Ejeh S

NAF96/12407 FS Ubong I

NAF96/17656 FS Abia G

NAF97/18364 FS Edet NO

NAF97/18593 FS Mohammed D

NAF00/19956 FS Yusuf MK

NAF92/17258 Sgt Kpamba H

NAF98/18943 Sgt Agbogun MA

NAF98/19214 Sgt Adoyi GD

NAF00/19959 Sgt Karatu LA

NAF06/23619 Sgt Adamu IM

NAF09/24886 Sgt Umar A

NAF02/20560 Cpl Deshi W

NAF03/21188 Cpl Oti O

NAF04/22161 Cpl Aliyu H

NAF04/22408 Cpl Isa A

NAF05/23131 Cpl Rauf A

NAF05/23098 LCpl Abdullahi I

NAF06/23472 LCpl Simon E

NAF06/23725 LCpl Ishaya A

NAF06/24610 LCpl Enemali J

NAF09/25005 LCpl Yorama C

NAF10/25485 ACM Akawo B

NAF13/27727 ACM Usman S

our departed colleaguesour departed colleaguesour departed colleagueswho died between January–December 2014 while still in the

service of the Nigerian Air Force.

May their gentle souls rest in perfect peace (Amen).

In memory of In memory of In memory of

29


By Lemamu JA

MORE ROLES FOR KING AIR MORE ROLES FOR KING AIR MORE ROLES FOR KING AIR

f recent, three King Air 350 aircraft were

Oacquired by the NAF to boost Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance operations.

Not only is the induction of this platform able to enhance the success of the current air efforts against insurgents in the North East, it will also bolster NAF's capability to undertake similar roles in other parts of the Country where it is engaged in various Internal Security Operations to combat different forms of insurrection. Expectedly, the King Air 350 aircraft will compliment the roles of the Agusta 109 LUH and ATR-42 MPA which are also employed in unarmed aerial surveillance activities in the ongoing Operations ZAMAN LAFIYA, PULO SHIELD, SAFE HAVEN and RESTORE PEACE.

The import of the expected role of King Air 350 as regards the protection of oil and gas facilities in the interest of the nation's economy was further brought to fore when the leadership of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) visited the Headquarters Nigerian Air Force. The NNPC Group Managing Director, Dr Joseph Dawha led a team of management staff to seek the support of the NAF in the collective effort to enhance the security of the nation's assets in the oil and gas sector. The current move by the NNPC has become expedient in the face of the present security challenges across the Country. To this end, the NAF is expected to monitor oil pipelines against acts of vandalism as well as checkmate illegal oil bunkering especially in the Niger Delta. In this regard, the acquisition of King Air 350 has further strengthened the capability of the NAF to undertake on-shore and off-shore maritime patrol in support of Operation PULO SHIELD. (R-L) Dr Daniel Ige, Dr Dan Efebo and Mr Ohi Alegbe on the GMD NNPC entourage

The CAS, Air Mshl AN Amosu discussing with the GMD NNPC, Dr Joseph Dawha

NEWS30


ith profound joy, I on behalf of

Wstaff, students and indeed, the

entire Air Force Institute of

Technology (AFIT) Community, most

heartily congratulate our amiable, result-

oriented, pragmatic and visionary Chief of

the Air Staff, Air Marshal AN Amosu

CFR,DSS psc fwc MSc, on the conferment

of the National Honour of Commander of

the Order of the Federal Republic (CFR) by

the President Commander -in - Chief of the

Armed Forces of the Federal-Republic of

Nigeria, Dr Goodluck Ebele Jonathan

GCFR. We hearthly rejoice with him and his

entire family on the auspicious award.

The Conferment bears eloquent testimony

to his commitment, focused leadership and

unrelenting zeal in ensuring the territorial

integrity of the Nigerian airspace. If: also

extols his doggedness in projecting a

credible and sustained effort in the fight

against the Boko Haram insurgency in

North Eastern Nigeria.

Under his visionary leadership, troop's

motivation and morale have soared to an all

time high limit even as the, future looks

brighter with his determination to lead

NAF to the next level of professionalism

and excellence. We are proud of the CAS

achievements and we pray Almighty God to

continue to preserve and strengthen him

while crowning, all his t lofty dreams and

efforts in consolidating the transformation

of the NAF".

Goodwill Message

AIR FORCE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

from

AIR VICE MARSHAL TA ADOKWU DSS psc fdc(+) MSc

Commandant

31


he Nigerian Air Force (NAF) has expanded its force

Tstructure to incorporate a new staff branch and

additional field units. The Accounts and Budget

(A&B) Branch, which is the latest staff branch to be

established in the NAF, was created recently following the

decision by the Air Council to upgrade the former

Directorate of Finance and Accounts to a branch status.

The decision was informed by the need to streamline the

structure, categorisation and administration of the

Finance Specialty in the NAF with similar practices in the

Nigerian Army and Navy. The decision, in line with the

adopted Continental Staff System (CSS), is intended to

harmonise the terms and conditions of service in the

Nigerian Armed Forces. The new establishment brings to

eight the number of staff branches at Headquarters

Nigerian Air Force.

The new branch, headed by the Chief of Accounts and

Budget (CAB), comprises the Directorates of Finance,

Accounts, Budget and Inspections. In line with the

command and control policy of the Armed Forces the

CAB, like other Branch Chiefs, is responsible to the CAS

on all matters relating to finance and accounts while

directors under the Branch are responsible to the CAB

based on their schedule of duties. The A&B Branch is

saddled with the task of initiating NAF financial and

accounting policies as well as career planning and

progression for all NAF personnel of the finance specialty.

By virtue of this upgrading, the NAF would be able to

progress in the adoption of the CSS while understanding

with sister Services, Defence Headquarters, and other

government Ministries, Departments and Agencies would

be enhanced.

In a related development, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

units have been established to facilitate the employment

of UAVs in Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance

(ISR) roles of the NAF. Similarly, 325 Ground Training

Group was unbundled to pave way for the establishment

of two new units: Ground Training Centre (GTC) and NAF

Institute of Administrative Management (NAFIAM). GTC

now replaces 325 GTG, which has been de-established,

and the primarily role is to train recruits and cadets for the

NAF in readiness for military duty. The need to

subsequently transfer the non basic military components

of 325 GTG, comprising School of Administration and

Regiment Training School, to other institutions led to the

decision by the Air Council to establish the NAF Institute

of Administrative Management (NAFIAM). The Institute is

tasked to provide specialist training for NAF personnel in

the various Admin Specialties. The NAF Mother and Child

Hospital has also been established recently to provide

maternal and child care with a view to strengthening

motherhood and child survival. Finally, the Electronics

Engineering Wings (EEWS), hitherto under the logistics

groups have been excised and upgraded to group status to

enable them to effectively and efficiently perform their

established functions of overseeing communications and

electronics matters as well as IT and space technology

related issues.

Meanwhile, the former Director of Finance and Accounts

(DFA), Air Commodore JB Adigun has been appointed the

CAB. An experienced administrator and accountant per

excellent, Air Commodore Adigun has in the past held

several appointments among which are , Command

Finance Officer (CFO) at the Tactical Air Command,

Director of Nigerian Air Force Pensions at the Military

Pensions Board and, Managing Director Nigerian Air

Force Investment Limited. Other key appointments held

include Deputy Director Budget and Deputy Director

Accounts. The senior officer holds a Master Degree in

Business Administration (MBA) and he is a fellow of the

Institute of Chartered Account of Nigeria (ICAN). He was

the best overall participant and recipient of the President

and Commander-in-Chief Award at the National Defence

College Course 17/2009. The CAB has been on national

assignment in several committees among which were:

Representative of the Nigerian Armed Forces in the

Presidential Committee of Experts on Parameter for

Wages Fixing in the Federal Public Service and, member of

the Committee on Drafting of the New Armed Forces

Pension Act for National Assembly Consideration.

...Creates Accounts and Budget Branch

By Sgt Lemamu JA

32


he Nigerian Air Force has appointed new leadership Tfor three of its four field commands. Aside the Training Command whose leadership is retained,

the Tactical, Mobility and Logistics Commands now have new Air Officers Commanding. The changes came on the heel of the recent retirement of the immediate past Air Officer Commanding Mobility Command (AOC MC), AVM SO Abosede, after 35 years of meritorious service.

In line with the new changes, AVM JM Gbum was moved from Headquarters Nigerian Air Force (HQ NAF) as Chief of Policy and Plans (COPP) to head the Tactical Air Command (TAC) as Air Officer Commanding (AOC). His predecessor, AVM UA Omeiza is now appointed the Air Officer Commanding Mobility Command (AOC MC) while AVM TO Oguntoyinbo, formerly the Chief of Training and Operations (CTOP) at HQ NAF has left to become the Air Officer Commanding Logistics Command (AOC LC). AVM AO Odunlade replaced AVM Oguntoyinbo as CTOP while his former appointment as Commandant Air Warfare Centre (AWC) is currently occupied by AVM EN Nzokala. Furthermore, AVM AA Zannah has been appointed the new COPP while AVM FP Nyoyoko takes over from him as the Air Secretary. Until his recent appointment, AVM Nyoyoko was the Coordinator Project Implementation Team (Coord PIMT). The appointment is currently held by AVM AG Idowu.

Meanwhile, the Air Council has approved the retirement of AVM UC Oche who also has served the nation meritoriously for 35 years. Until his retirement, AVM Oche was the Chief of Logistics and Communication. Former

Director of Logistics, AVM LS Alao has been appointed in his stead.

PROFILE OF NEW AOCs

A VM JM GBUM

Air Vice Marshal James Meraba Gbum enlisted into the Nigerian Air Force on 12 March 1979 and was commissioned Pilot Officer on 12 September 1981. In the same year, he was winged as a pilot on successful completion of his primary and basic flying training. He had his tactical flying training on the Alpha Jet to qualify as a fighter pilot. Thereafter, he did the Weapons/ Fighter Course on the Alpha Jet in Germany. On return, he had his Tactical/Fighter Conversion on the MIG-21 aircraft.

AVM Gbum did his Junior and Senior Staff Courses at the Armed Forces Command and Staff College Jaji. Following his completion of the Instructor Pilot Course, he was on the Air Beetle aircraft for a brief period as an instructor. He later attended the Air Transport Pilots' License Course in Dallas Forth Worth USA, where he obtained his Air Transport Pilot License (ATPL). He also attended the Falcon 900 Captaincy Course at Louburget in France. The senior officer is an alumnus of the Korean National Defence University Seoul where he emerged the Best Overall Foreign Student to win the President's Outstanding Performance Award in 2008.

AVM Gbum has served in various capacities, both within and outside the NAF, and at national and international levels. Some of which include Military Observer (Kuwait-

By Lemamu JA

A VM JM GBUM AOC TAC

AVM OT OGUNTOYINBO AOC LC

AVM OMEIZA AOC MC

NEWS 33


Iraq Gulf war); Chief Coordinator, Inter-Agency Task Force for Presidential Amnesty to Niger Delta, and Deputy Chief of Defence Intelligence. He was the Chief of Policy & Plans at HQ NAF until his recent appointment as AOC TAC. He holds the award of Fellow Korea National Defence University (fkndu) as well as other awards and decorations including FSS, MSS, DSS, Psc, fdc(+) BSc, MSc.

AVM OMEIZA

AVM Umar Ahovi Omeiza was commissioned Pilot Officer on 3 January 1982. The senior officer is a transport pilot. AVM Omeiza has over 7000 flying hours on various platforms in NAF inventory some which include the Bulldog, Air Beetle, L-39ZA, MB 339, Dornier 128 and 228, Citation II, Falcon 900 and Falcon 7x and, the Boeing 737 aircraft.

AVM OT OGUNTOYINBO

Enlisted into the NAF on 4 January 1980 as a member of 27 Regular Course, AVM Olutayo Tade Oguntoyinbo is a fighter pilot. The senior officer has served in various units and capacities in the Nigerian Armed Forces. At various times, he served as Operations Officer at NAF Detachment Monrovia and Liberia; Commanding Officer (CO) Fighter at NAF Detachment Lungi, Sierra-Leone, as

well as the CO Fighter at NAF Detachment, Abidjan in Cote D'ivoire. AVM Oguntoyinbo was once the CO 99 Tactical Fighter Training Wing (TFTW) Kainji and later served as Group Operations Officer at 303 Flying Training School, Kano. He was later appointed Commander 75 Strike Group (75 STG) and served in same capacity until his appointment as Commander 99 Air Combat Training Group (ACTG) Kainji. He also served as Commander NAF Detachment (AFISMA) Niamey, Niger Republic. He was the Chief of Training and Operations at the Headquarters Nigerian Air Force until his current appointment as the Air Officer Commanding Logistics Command.

AVM Oguntoyinbo has participated actively in various campaigns at local and international levels. Some of which include Operations Sand Storm (Liberia), Tiger Tail (Serria Leone) Octopus (Guinea Conakry), Freedom (Cote D'ivoire) and most recently the African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA). He holds the following decorations and medals: Force Service Star (FSS), Meritorious Service Star (MSS), Distinguished Service Star (DSS), Pass Staff College (psc), United States Air War College (USAWC) and the Distinguished Flying Medal.

34


n an effort to enhance peaceful and harmonious

Irelationship between Christian and Muslim faithful in the Nigerian Air Force, an Inter-Faith Conference was

organized recently for the first time. Mindful of the religious inclination of contemporary security challenges, the theme 'Religious Harmony as a Vital Tool in Nation Building' was chosen for the conference with a view to protecting the integrity of the military institution while reawakening the conscious of NAF personnel and family members to religious tolerance.

Given the importance of the conference, the Chief of Air Staff, Air Mshl Adesola Amosu chaired the occasion. Addressing participants during the opening ceremony, the CAS urged the participants to eschew any act capable of promoting religious sentiment and intolerance in the NAF. Air Mshl Amosu said that “military personnel must be very careful and proactive not to allow religious bigotry and extremism to creep into the Barracks". This, he said, is capable of distorting espirit-de-corps which is a highly valued tradition in the NAF. The CAS pointed out that the dimension assumed by the current act of terrorism by insurgents in the North East, where criminal elements hide under the guise of religion to perpetrate criminality, is unhealthy. Air Mshl Amosu noted therefore that it was

pertinent to remind military personnel of the need to steer clear of any act that could bring about religious disharmony, both in the NAF and the nation at large. The CAS however, appreciated the fact that the Air Force family has demonstrated religious harmony within the Barracks and operation areas.

Meanwhile, the Chief of Administration (COA), AVM CN Chukwu has called on spiritual leaders in the military places of worship to avoid religious extremism and false doctrines capable of misleading personnel and families. According to the COA, there is need to continue in the same spirit of nationhood for the sake of the present and future generations while charting credible way forward for our nation, keeping in mind the roles of the Nigerian Air Force.

Two papers were presented at the seminar. The first paper titled “What Nigerian Youths must do now to take Nigeria from Third World to the First World” was delivered by Bishop Matthew Hassan Kukah, who was represented by Professor (Rev Fr) Moses Mdooyongu. Mr Asunogie Nurudeen Danesi, who represented the Executive Secretary, Muslim Ummah (South West Nigeria), Prof Dawud Noibi delivered the second paper titled “Muslim-Christian Unity for a Strong Nigeria”.

000

MAIDEN INTER-FAITH CONFERENCE IN RETROSPECT


NEWS 35


AVM CN Chukwu shaking hands with youths on NAF Base Makurdi during the line-up to kick start a novelty match as part activities marking the inter-faith conference

A playlet showing Mother Nigeria crying for her children involved in a fight against one anotherA cross section of senior military officers at the NAF maiden inter-faith conference

The COA, AVM CN Chukwu presenting a gift to the CAS, Air Mshl Adesola for his active participation at the conference

AVM Chukwu presenting a souvenir to Mr Nurudeen Asunogie (second resource person)

The COA, AVM CN Chukwu presenting a souvernir to Prof (Rev Fr) MM Orhungur

NAF Chaplains and Imams in attendance NAF dependants at the inter-faith conference

36


n practical demonstration of its commitment to intensify and

Iensure rapid response to emergencies and disaster management in the country, the National Emergency Management Agency

(NEMA) has formally handed over an Mi-17 helicopter in its inventory to the Nigerian Air Force (NAF) recently in Abuja for search and rescue operation.

Speaking at the handing over ceremony, the Director General of NEMA, Alhaji Sani Sidi, who was represented by the Director of Planning, Research and Forecasting, Dr Zanna Muhammad, stated that the need for expertise and timely response to emergency and disaster occurrences necessitated NEMA to concede the Mi-17 helicopter to the NAF to manage and operate for effective search and rescue operations. The DG acknowledged that the capacities of the NAF in conducting a comprehensive search and rescue operations adding that the NAF has been providing technical supports to the NEMA Air Wing for effective emergency and disaster management hence the need for improvement, through strategic partnership and collaborative policy, made NEMA to handover the aircraft to the NAF. “It is not only a sober occasion but also a reflection on Nigeria's integrity in disaster management which is very important to NEMA. On many occasions, people question the credibility of NEMA on search and rescue, and most of the answers we gave were not necessary”, he said.

Alhaji Sani revealed that in no distant future, all the aviation requirements of NEMA would be managed by the NAF for the purpose of mitigating and providing reliable services for all emergencies, disasters and other forms of threat to the nation's security.

The CAS, Air Mshl Adesola Amosu, in his remarks, expressed the readiness of the NAF to carry out Search and Rescue Operations for the nation by prompt and quick interventions with a view to mitigating the effects of emergencies. The CAS explained that it was necessary for the NAF to take custody of the aircraft in order to ensure that it is functional, enjoy constant flying and readily available for use, adding

that NEMA can count on the support and intervention of the NAF for all emergency missions. While highlighting the import of constantly flying the aircraft, Air Mshl Amosu disclosed that the NAF would provide further training for the pilots to improve their proficiency on the aircraft. The CAS, who used the occasion to tour the NEMA hangar facilities located at the airport, promised to support the Agency through a comprehensive management of its aircraft fleet.

Highlight of the occasion was the symbolic handing over of the documents of the aircraft by the representative of GD NEMA to the Commander 209 Executive Airlift Group of Nigerian Air Force, Air Commodore SI Kaita under whose command the aircraft would domicile for the conduct of Search and Rescue Operations across the country.

By Sgt Lemamu JA

NEMA CEDES MI-17HELICOPTER TO NAF

NEMA Director of Planning, Research & Forecasting, Dr Zanna Muhammed handing over the Mi-17 Hel Manual and other documents to Comd 209 EAG, Air Cdre SI Kaita

The CAS and other senior officers inspecting the Mi-17 helicopter spares shortly after the handing over ceremony

NEWS 37


he Acting Inspector General of Police, Mr Suleiman

TAbba has sought for closer ties between the Nigerian Air Force (NAF) and the Nigeria Police

Force (NPF). The new Police Boss made the call recently in Abuja when he visited the Chief of the Air Staff (CAS), Air Marshal Adesola Amosu, in his office at the Headquarters Nigerian Air Force. Speaking at the occasion, Mr Abba said that the purpose of his visit was to enable him familiarise with the leadership of the NAF with a view to strengthening the existing inter-agency cooperation between the NAF and NPF in the spirit of national security. The IGP further expressed his readiness to work with the NAF to achieve the set statutory objectives of the NPF. Commenting on the Transformation Agenda of the Federal Government as part of the efforts to reposition the Police, Mr Abba noted that there were positive developments so far, however his administration would focus on attitudinal change to make the Police more people friendly.

Congratulating the IGP on his appointment, the CAS wished him a successful tenure in office. Air Mshl Amosu noted that the task ahead of the IGP was enormous, hence he would need to bring his experience to bear to meet the demands of his new appointment. The CAS also urged the

IGP to include infrastructural renewal and improved welfare for officers and men of the Nigeria Police among other priorities in his blueprint for the Nigeria Police. Speaking further, the CAS assured his guest that the Armed Forces would continue to partner with the NPF and other security agencies to rid the nation of the menace of insurgency and other violent crimes.

New IG Police Seeks Closer Ties With NAFThe CAS, Air Mshl AN Amosu welcoming the IGP, Mr Suleiman Abba into his office

The CAS and IGP in a group photograph with senior officers and the police public relation officer shortly after the visit

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he NAF considers safety as a crucial aspect of its

Toperations to minimize loss and waste with regards to human and material resources. Based on this

aspiration, the Standards and Evaluation Branch was established to formulate safety policies and ensure proper compliance with safety standards in the NAF. As part of NAF Safety Management System, the Directorate of Safety (DOSAF), under the Standards and Evaluation Branch, conducts routine inspections of NAF Units and Commands to evaluate safety practices. The objective is to ensure that safety standards, as enunciated by HQ NAF policy directives, are strictly adhered to especially by the field operational and logistics elements. Routine inspection also allows the individual general knowledge of safety to be evaluated. While failure to acquaint oneself with general safety procedure may not necessarily attract sanctions, the desire to avoid any embarrassment that may result from such ineptitude has helped to foster the culture of reading among personnel by familiarizing themselves with safety regulations and procedures. This attitudinal change, by implication, is instrumental to safety enhancement, accident reduction while bringing cases of injuries on the job to the barest minimum in the NAF.

Of recent, safety efforts in the NAF have been reinvigorated. The recent introduction of NAF Safety Bulletin, 'Safety Watch', is intended to provide a feedback mechanism. The aim is to employ the bulletin as a medium for disseminating deducible lessons from aircraft accident/incident reports and other safety occurrences in the NAF. Prior to this initiative, DOSAF had to compile and document all accidents in the NAF including reports of investigations into immediate and remote causes and the recommended safety measures to guide against reoccurrence. It is imperative however to add that safety

management in the NAF encompasses the workplace, environment and domestic safety. This provides the basis for the recent involvement of the Standards and Evaluation Branch in the effort to prevent the spread of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) to NAF barracks. The DOSAF, in conjunction with the Directorate of Medical Services, produced and distributed health and safety pamphlets to all NAF Units on facts and prevention of the disease.

Meanwhile, the Chief of Standards and Evaluation, AVM AI Shehu has reiterated that the NAF will continue to update its safety strategies and practices to meet international best practices. AVM Shehu made the disclosure during the recent safety sensitization exercise in Makurdi. Similar exercises have also been conducted in other NAF Commands to further reawaken safety consciousness among personnel with a view to building an enduring safety practice in the NAF.


TOWARDS AN ENDURING SAFETY PRACTICE IN THE NAF

FEATURE 39


he Federal Character Commission

T(FCC) has applauded the Nigerian Air Force (NAF) recruitment

process for complying with the guiding principles and laid down regulations of the C o m m i s s i o n . T h e C h a i r m a n Defence/Foreign Affairs Committee of the Commission, Engr Uche Diogu gave the commendation when he led other members of his committee on a courtesy call to HQ NAF recently. In his address, Engr Diogu stated that the FCC was established to harness the rich cultural diversity of Nigeria for national development by promoting national unity and loyalty among the people, and to create a sense of belonging to the nation in every citizen regardless of their ethnic origin, culture, language or religion. He expressed satisfaction with the level of compliance by the NAF in ensuring fair and equitable distribution of enlistment slots among Nigerians, and therefore assured the NAF

of FCC continued support. The Chairman however noted that the Commission will not relent in its efforts at monitoring recruitment exercises by government establishments in order to ensure fair and equitable distribution of manpower among Nigerians in accordance with the approved guidelines and formulae.

Established by Act No 34 of 1996, the FCC is tasked to implement and enforce the Federal Character Principle of fairness and equity in the distribution of public posts and socio-economic infrastructures among the federating units of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The provisions of section 14 and 153 of the 1999 Constitution consolidated the establishment of the FCC for operation in a democratic government.

FEDERAL CHARACTER COMMISSION APPLAUDS NAF RECRUITMENT PROCESS

By Sgt Lemamu JA

The Chairman, Defence and Foreign Affairs Character Committee, Engr Uche Diogu receiving a memento from the former COPP, AVM JM Gbum

NEWS40


Goodwill Messagefrom

On behalf of the Officers, Soldiers, Ratings, Airmen/Airwomen and Civilian staff of Military Pensions Board, I heartily commend and felicitate with the Chief of Air Staff, Air Marshal Adesola Nunayon Amosu CFR DSS psc fwc MSc on his conferment of the prestigious award of Commander of the Federal Republic (CFR) by the President, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, Federal Republic of Nigeria, Dr Goodluck Ebele Jonathan GCFR.

Sir, the Conferment is no doubt an acknowledgment of your loyalty, hard work, unequalled achievements, professionalism and strong-minded commitment to the development of the Nigerian Air Force and the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

While I felicitate with you, I wish to reiterate the continued commitment of the Military Pensions Board to provide transparent and excellent services to the military pensioners and next-of-kins.

Congratulations, Sir.

CHAIRMAN MILITARY PENSIONS BOARD

Air Vice Marshal MR DABO

Chairman

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s part of the Federal Government commitment to

Aimprove the welfare and living conditions of members of the Armed Forces, the Presidential

Committee on Barracks Rehabilitation (PCBR) has assured the Nigerian Air Force of its readiness to address the poor condition of some Bases. The Chairperson of the Committee, Mrs BM Mu'azu gave the assurance when she led other executive members on a courtesy visit to the Headquarters NAF in Abuja.

Due to the selfless nature of military service, Mrs Mu'azu acknowledged that members of the Armed Forces deserve befitting accommodation hence her Committee is committed to addressing the accommodation challenges in the military. She disclosed that several renovation projects embarked upon in 2013 have been

completed however due to inadequate funding the Committee has not be able to achieve much in 2014. With respect to the NAF, Mrs Mu'azu said that her committee is working with the 2014 reports forwarded by the NAF thus priority is being given to projects earmarked for rehabilitation.

In his response, the Chief of Air Staff, Air Mshl Adesola Amosu commended the efforts of the Committee for its achievements so far, adding that it has helped to alleviate the welfare needs of military personnel. The CAS therefore urged the Committee to make good its promise of addressing the declining state of facilities on the Base in Lagos as well as other NAF locations.

PCBR ASSURES NAF OF ADEQUATE INTERVENTION

By WO Suleiman Nuru Loddo

The CAS, Air Mshl AN Amosu presenting a souvenir to the Charirperson PCBR, Mrs Binta Mu'azu

NEWS42


PHOTO NEWS

Cross section of commanders during the CAS Retreat at HQ NAF Abuja The COA, AVM CN Chukwu and staff officers under the Admin Branch in a group photograph with the Civilian Head (DHQ), Hajia Kaltum Ibrahim and her team during an official visit to HQ NAF

The CEO APRESEL company, Air Cdre MN Ekwere (rtd) discussing with the CAS during his visit to HQ NAF

The COPP, AVM AA Zannah in a warm handshake with Hon Saidu Adamu a member of the Defence and Foreign Affairs Character Committee when the team visited HQ NAF

The CAS receiving the MD Spares Dept (CATIC), Mr Zhang Zhijian and his team to his office at HQ NAF

Managing Director NICOMSAT, Mrs Abimbola Alale discussing with the CAS, Air Mshl AN Amosu when she visited HQ NAF with her team

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Survivor of the NAF Mi-35P helicopter that crashed at Bama, WO Nwanoneyi Augustine, accompanied by CAS and senior NAF officers, as he reunites with his family

The COAS, Lt Gen KTJ Minimah, in the company of the CAS, Air Mshl AN Amosu, addressing soldiersof 23 Bde NA during an operational visit to the North East

GOC 7 Div NA, Maj Gen JS Bindawa receiving the CAS, Air Mshl AN Amosu on arrival in Maiduguri The CAS, Air Mshl AN Amosu and his team during one of his operational visits to 75 Strike Group, Yola

Cross section of troops on endurance trek

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INTRODUCTION

The preponderance of intra-state conflicts between states and non-state actors since the end of the cold war is one of the major contemporary global security challenges. Intra-state conflicts are often asymmetric in nature; involving the use of unconventional weapons, tactics and strategies by non-state actors, insurgents and terrorists. The primary objective of the insurgents or terrorist groups is to subvert government activities in pursuit of political, socio-economic and often times ethno-religiously motivated end-state. By using unconventional weapons, insurgents/terrorists kill and maim people indiscriminately, destroy valuable properties, create general sense of insecurity and inflict psychological defeat to the national psyche as a bargaining tool.

IN NIGERIA Air Cdre MN Orjiude

FEATURE 45


The most common unconventional weapon of choice among non-state actors, insurgents and terrorist groups is the Improvised Explosive Device (IED). Globally, IEDs are very easy-to-make and use because they are portable, easy to conceal and inexpensive. The use of unconventional weapons by insurgent/terrorist groups is generally to avert direct engagement with regular troops, optimize the use of inferior weapons and poor professional skills.

The term Improvised Explosive Device (IED) originated from the British Army after the Irish Republican Army (IRA) used local bombs made from organic nitrates (fertilizer) and semtex to make effective booby trap devices or remotely controlled bombs. Since then, there have been different innovations in the use of IEDs against regular forces, civilians and valuable properties by insurgents particularly in Iraq, Afghanistan and of late in Pakistan. The effects of IED attacks in different parts of the world (London underground, Madrid, Oklahoma City in USA, the Middle East, Asian, South American and African countries) show that they have become veritable weapons of choice among dissident groups.

In Nigeria, IEDs were used, during the Nigerian civil war, when locally produced explosive weapons popularly called the 'Ogbunigwe' became a household weapon among the Biafrans as an effective weapon of ambush against the Federal Forces. The Nigerian populace also witnessed spates of bomb blasts or IED attacks during the political impasse that followed the annulment of the 1992 Presidential Election. In 2009, a 23 year old Nigerian, Abdul Mutalab attempted to blow up a Detroit bound American passenger plane with an IED. Similarly, on 1 October 2010 persons alleged to be members of the Movement for Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) set off IEDs in a parked vehicle on the occasion of the Nigeria's 50th Independence Anniversary at Abuja; resulting in injuries and loss of lives.

The pattern of IED attacks in Nigeria shows that key points, high value installations, civilians and security agents are the prime targets. The added dimension is the direct IED attacks on members of the Armed Forces in their Areas of Responsibilities (AOR) including mammy markets and IS duty posts. Consequently, the national spates of IED attacks have engendered a general sense of insecurity by constituting serious threat to both lives and properties. For members of the public in general and the Nigeria Armed Forces in particular, the bomb blast at the UN House and mammy market in Mogadishu Cantonment, Abuja including other IED attacks since then were wake-up calls to the realities of the current threats of IEDs across the country. These attacks have heightened the vulnerability of the society, properties and facilities to the dangers posed by criminal deployment of IEDs across the country.

The insidious use of IEDs by insurgents to maim, kill, destroy properties, terrorize and create a general atmosphere of insecurity in different parts of Nigeria

underscores the importance of this paper entitled “THE DANGERS OF IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES IN NIGERIA”. The purpose of this discourse therefore is to sensitize and educate the general public particularly NAF personnel and their dependants on the emerging threats/dangers of IEDs. Specifically, the paper will provide basic facts on the characteristic features of IEDs and essential measures for safeguarding lives and properties in our barracks, work environment and the society at large.

C O N C E P T UA L C L A R I F I C AT I O N O F TERMINOLOGIES

EXPLOSIVES

An explosive can be described as a pure single substance or a mixture of substances which is capable of liberating sufficient energy rapidly to cause sudden changes in temperature and pressure in the immediate surrounding. The 3 types of explosives are chemical, physical and nuclear explosives. Explosives generate shock waves, rapid increase in gaseous volume, heat and sudden noisy release of energy when detonated. The shockwave resulting from the detonation of an explosive substance is the most dangerous by-product.

Generally, explosives in civil application are used for blasting, quarrying, fireworks and signalling devices, forming metals and setting blind rivets. They are however used as propellants for projectiles, rockets, bombs, mines and bursting or demolition of unserviceable weapons/stores in the military. The rate of explosive combustion vary greatly depending on the chemical constitution, physical form and degree of confinement. Hence, explosives are generally classified into high, low explosives or pyrotechnics depending on their velocity of detonation. High explosives detonate with velocities higher than the speed of sound; thereby creating blast effect, liberating gases and shockwaves. On the other hand, low explosives and pyrotechnics burn or deflagrate at speeds lower than that of sound with liberation of large volume of gases. The high velocity shock wave energy that accompanies explosive detonation make high explosives 'the material of choice' for making IEDs by terrorists and insurgents.

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EXPLOSION

An explosion is a sudden expansion of gases into a volume much greater than their initial space, accompanied by noise, intense flame, violent mechanical effects, smoke and fire. Explosion is therefore associated with the sound that accompanies the detonation of an explosive, usually with intense flash of light.

DETONATION

Detonation is generally regarded as an exothermic (heat liberating) process or oxidation reaction that characterises the combustion of chemical explosives. Detonation produces sudden rise in temperature, high velocity shockwaves and shattering effects which explains why explosives are sought after by dissidents for local production of IEDs.

IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES

An IED is regarded as any explosive device that is not a conventional military weapon or commercially produced explosive device. They are homemade or locally improvised weapons which vary from simple to highly sophisticated types. It is important to note that about 80 to 90 per cent of IEDs are made with simple substances such as fertilizer. Hence, an IED is universally defined as an explosive device that is placed or fabricated in an improvised manner, incorporates destructive, lethal, noxious pyrotechnic, or incendiary chemicals; and is designed to destroy, incapacitate, harass, or distract. IEDs may incorporate military stores, but they are normally made from non-military components.

TYPES OF IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVES DEVICES

There are different types of IEDs. Some of the most common types are described below.

VEHICLE BORNE IEDs

Vehicle borne IED (VBIED) otherwise known as car bomb is an IED emplaced in a car or other vehicle for detonation. It is commonly used as a weapon for assassination or to induce terror. VBIEDs often kill the

occupants of the car (suicide bomber), people at the vicinity of the blast or are used to damage buildings and destroy properties. The car acts as delivery mechanism for the emplaced bombs; hence the name car bomb. Cars can carry relatively large amount of IEDs without attracting suspicion. Car bombs can be activated in different ways including opening the vehicles doors, starting the engine, or depressing the accelerator or brake pedals. For instance, the bomb blast near the Eagle Square, Abuja during Nigeria's fiftieth Independence Anniversary resulted from a possible remotely controlled car bomb. Similarly, the explosion at the Police Headquarters, Abuja on 16 Jun 11 that killed many persons ,damaged cars and left many people injured was from a car bomb.

We must remain vigilant and alert by ensuring that IEDs are not planted in our cars, service vehicles and even public commuters. The security agents should note that it is not only inside the car boots that VBIEDs can be emplaced. They could be emplaced in the engine compartments, under the seat, window panels, pigeon compartment etc. Hence, visual checking of vehicles, cars, carts etc at road blocks and strategic areas must be thorough/comprehensive and aided with efficient high-tech tools/equipment.

PARCEL BOMBS

Parcel or letter bomb is a commonly used IED. Parcel bombs will not normally bear the originator's name, postmark or any return address. It is important to note that any letter or parcel without a sender's address could be suspect letter or parcel bomb. We must ensure that all correspondences (letters/parcels) bear sender's name, address and phone numbers for ease of identification and documentation. Nevertheless, parcel bombs could sometimes bear fictitious handwritten or printed name and address of the sender as a disguise. It must be noted that the weight of a letter or parcel bomb is normally heavier than for its size. Effective parcel bombs will weigh more than 0.2kg and would bear more postage stamps. They may be unusually thick, lopsided with some areas bulging more than others. In addition, the initiating mechanism of a parcel bomb can make the content of a parcel bomb to be springy or stiff; hence it does not bend smoothly.

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The other feature of parcel or letter bomb is that it may have a protruding wire or thread. The protruding wire or string of thread from a letter or parcel bomb may serve as the triggering mechanism. It is important that any protruding wire or thread in a parcel/letter is not pulled or touched. Furthermore, a parcel bomb could bear stains and greasy marks resulting from the packaging or exudation of the composition of the explosive substance. There could also be suspicious odour, loose component or restrictive marking such as “Confidential”, “Personal”, with direction-guides like “Open this way” which could lead to the arming/initiating mechanism. In addition, there could be attractive pornographic or other similar displays on parcel bombs. It is therefore advisable to avoid picking items or unknown containers indiscriminately.

We must all take special note that parcel bombs are usually effective because of their mechanical, explosive, radioactive, nuclear and other hazardous contents. Most of us are aware of the killing of the renowned journalist, late Mr Dele Giwa with a letter or parcel bomb on 19 Oct 86 at his residence in Ikeja, Lagos.

BAROMETRIC BOMBS

One of the most cynical type of IED is the barometric bomb which is designed to destroy an aircraft in flight. Usually, it has a barometric (pressure) firing device that initiates the detonation at a certain height. For example, a barometric bomb (BIED) used against Pan Am 103 aircraft exploded over Lockerbie on 21 Dec 98, at an altitude of about 31,000 ft (9.3Km). The BIED killed 259 passengers on board and 11 persons on the ground. It is important that passengers and those working at the airport should not only be vigilant and alert but must share intelligence with security agents, staff of other agencies that are responsible for checking luggages and passengers.

RADIO FIRED BOMBS

Radio fired bombs (RFIED) are among the commonest forms of IEDs in use today. It can be operated from a safe distance with a wireless device. This type of IED can be concealed in different types of containers and emplaced at strategic places such as mammy markets, bus stops, public buildings, churches, mosque and rallies. They are usually initiated from a stand-off distance to inflict maximum damages, deaths and destruction of properties.

BOOBY TRAPS

Generally, booby traps are IED designed to harm, maim or kill an unsuspecting victim(s) who accidentally triggers them. They are usually in different forms/shapes, packages and are one of the most deadly forms of IEDs. Booby traps are designed to exploit the natural movement or actions of the victim to initiate the explosive train. For example, a pipe stuffed with explosives as a booby trap can blow off heads when it is ignited. Also, souvenirs, weapon casement and field glasses can be filled with explosives as booby traps which could be initiated when picked up. They could be initiated by x-rays, photo-electric camera flash or torch light. Hence, booby traps can be initiated by any of the following 5 mechanisms: lift or release mechanism, vibration or change of angle, pulling mechanism, stepping or disconnecting mechanism. It is therefore very important to avoid touching and moving any suspicious object or even flashing/photographing such items with mobile phones/camera.

COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING OF IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES

Material. Most IEDs are generally made of simple explosive materials and other organic compounds such as fertilizer that are readily available in the local environment. They can also be prepared with fuel oil, military and commercial explosives, bolts and nails to enhance their lethality. The initiating systems as already highlighted are available in different types.

Power Source. The IED power source could be common household batteries, battery packs, vehicle batteries or capacitor banks.

Switching System. There are different IED switching mechanisms which include victim operated switch, light sensitive (photo electric cell) and command switch. Victim operated IEDs usually incorporate switching devices that are initiated by the pre-determined action of the victim. The pre-determined action could be pulling a thread, wire tripping or stepping on a pressure release device to set off the IED. Some IED switches are sensitive to light or certain wavelengths. While some IEDs could be initiated by command wire, radio controlled switch, mobile phone/cell phone, camera flash, long range cordless telephone and car alarms.

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Packaging Architecture. There are no special-to-type IEDs packaging architecture. By the nature of their local manufacturing process, IEDs can be packaged in any basic container; such as common domestic or industrial items. The container or casement could be suicide vest, military ordnance shells, plastic bags, animal skin, fire extinguisher, jars, jugs, bottles, metal/plastic boxes. Other packaging substance include empty oil gallons, used cement and fertilizer bags, rubber jerry cans, milk cans, tomato cans, cooking gas cylinder, air conditioner refill cylinder, drums of used tar and empty tins. In essence, any improvised material that can hold explosives is often used by insurgents as IED container or casement.

DANGERS OF IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES

Chemical explosives have been established as the prime component of IEDs. The shattering effect of shockwaves from high explosives known as brisance causes severe damage, multiple injuries and death. The lethal effect of shock waves produced by detonation of explosives can damage bones, body tissues, and major internal organs. The shockwaves could destroy buildings, walls and other secondary effects as witnessed in the bombing of UN building at Abuja. Similarly, the heat generated by the detonation of IEDs could cause inflammable objects to catch fire while the resultant shrapnel could cause injuries and deaths to persons. Hence, the deployment of IEDs by the Islamist sect called Boko Haram endangers live and properties with demoralizing sense of insecurity across the country. The incidents have assumed a frightening dimension as shown by various attacks and threat profiles across the country even though Nigeria is not at war.

MAJOR IED ATTACK PROFILES IN NIGERIA

On 20 Mar 11, four gunmen suspected to be members of Boko Haram stormed Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Teaching Hospital Bauchi and rescued one Aminu Mohammed. The assailants detonated an explosive in the process which caused confusion that enabled their smooth exit from the hospital. The suspect was however re-arrested by the Police at NIDB quarters along Maiduguri-Bauchi express way alongside other suspected members of the sect. On 5 Apr 11, there was a bomb explosion at Latik Hotel in Yenegoa. The impact of the explosion shattered the roof of the laundry and windows of the hotel, although no

casualty was recorded.

Also, a bomb blast at the INEC office, Kwamba Suleja on 8 Apr 11 killed 12 persons while 35 were seriously injured. The next day, there was an IED attack at a polling unit at Agwan Doki Maiduguri and INEC collation centre at Abba Ganaram Primary School Maiduguri metropolis. A policeman and a youth corper were injured at Agwan Doki while 2 persons were killed and 7 injured at Abba Ganaram. There were many other IED attacks and scare across the country since April 2011. On 24 Apr 11, an IED exploded at a bar behind Police College, Maiduguri killing some mobile policemen and civilians while 8 persons were seriously wounded.

In addition, on 25 Apr 11, an IED suspected to have been planted by Boko Haram members exploded at a police check point at Kasuwa shanu junction Maiduguri. During the blast, Inspector Abba Mohammed and Cpl Hussaini Abubakar were injured. Further to this, an IED planted on the road side at London Ciki, Maiduguri by suspected members of Boko Haram sect exploded on 26 Apr 11 when a commercial bus drove over it. One person was injured while the vehicle was damaged. There was another IED explosion on 27 Apr 11 at Mahuta village near National Eye Centre Kaduna as it was being conveyed by a suspected member of Boko Haram to their target. The blast killed one of the members identified as Yahaya and injured the other one Mr Mohammed. Also in Kaduna State, there was a premature explosion of an IED on 29 Apr 11 which killed one of the makers at No 5 Matazu road Rafin Guza, Kawo New extension. Four children were killed at Damboa, Borno State by IED while playing. The IED attacks by insurgents or terrorist group especially in the northern part of Nigeria have remained unabated. The bombing of UN Headquarters in Abuja in which many lives were lost and properties destroyed has been very significant.

POSSIBLE EMPLACEMENT FOR IEDs

The experience and trend of IED attacks show that IEDs could be emplaced at the centre or shoulder of a road, buried under the surface of any tarred or untarred road. They can also be emplaced in walls, trees, light posts, road signs, guard rails, overpasses and bridge spans. In addition, IEDs can be emplaced within, next to or under any type of material packaging. Similarly, they can be concealed in cars, trucks, motorcycles, dead animals, humans and carts. Consequently, abandoned vehicles/motorcycles, empty bags, containers and so on are potential areas for hiding IEDs. They can also be concealed as wears/clothings usually worn by suicide bombers. There is also the daisy-chained emplacement configuration. This form of emplacement consists of multiple IEDs/EODs cascaded together to trigger off as a chain reaction process if one is detonated, or if the initiation system is activated. The daisy-chained emplacement configuration is generally found in an open field, public arena and strategic installations.

49


G U I D E S F O R R E C O G N I Z I N G I E D EMPLACEMENT LOCATIONS.

The emplacement sites or possible location of IEDs can be recognized visually through a number of potential indicators. These could be by signs, markers, shapes, symbols and smell as elaborated below:

a. Signs. Some signs such as newly erected placards, dead animals along freshly dug holes, pavement patching on or along the road may be possible IED location. Other signs could be new waste bins, rock/gravel piles, obstacles and craters in the roadway. We must therefore carefully observe such signs and even people videotaping ordinary activities or military movements and wires laid out in plain areas.

b. Markers. The objects on or by the side of the road such as tires, rock piles, ribbon or tape may indicate an IEDs location, or serve as an arming reference. It is important to avoid marching on such objects or driving over them.

c. Shapes. T h e s h a p e o r configurations of an object that seems out of place in an environment are possible IED locations.

d. Graffiti. Graffiti are unusual symbols or writings on buildings and walls that serve as directives for the dissident groups. Such graffiti should be reported to Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) experts and the areas should be cordoned off.

e. Smell. The smell of some chemical mixtures of IEDs such as vinegar, rotting dead fish, nail polish remover, strong citrus, fuel (diesel or camp stove fuel), strong ammonia or urine-like, almonds and sweet, cinnamon or cocoa can be used to identify or recognize IEDs. Meanwhile, special instruments are used by IED experts for further identification, confirmation, disarming or safe disposal. It should be borne in mind, that only IED or EOD experts can disarm and neutralize emplaced IEDs.

PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES IN HANDLING IED AND RELATED STORES

The probability of bomb/IED attacks or scares in Nigeria is high given the current security situation. It is therefore important to put in place proactive measures necessary to forestall or reduce the chances. At present, majority of NAF environment are generrally littered with vehicles that are broken down or beyond economic repairs, disused motorcycles, empty bags and cans, polythene bags and sundry items. These items are havens for IED/EOD/Bomb emplacement. It is therefore very important that the following precautionary measures are adopted to increase security in our environment:

a. Installation of real time, all weather, high resolution surveillance systems along major roads, streets and strategic buildings to complement physical security.

b. Proper identification of all visitors into any organisation at the entrance gate.

c. Proper inspection of all vehicles into public places and vital private entities.

d. The general public particularly Service personnel must ensure the cleaniness of offices, residential accommodation and proper location of waste bins far away from buildings.

e. Safety managers and comds of NAF bases should ensure that wastes, BER vehicles and sundry items are promptly disposed as they could be areas of IED emplacement.

f. Ve h i c l e s / s u s p i c i o u s i t e m s i n uncommon/unauthorised places should be promptly reported to the security agents.

g. Children should avoid touching or playing with un-identified cans, containers, etc.

h. Use of scan track system (IP based solution).

THE DONTs WITH IEDs

Improvised explosives devices are unstable because of their chemical composition and the initiating mechanism. It is therefore advocated that individuals should not:

a. Touch objects suspected to be IEDs.

b. Expose IEDs to heat, shock, or friction.

c. Cut open any IEDs containers or suspected container.

d. Take any samples of IEDs explosive charge as its vapour and chemicals may be toxic and hazardous.

50


e. Smoke near IEDs or precursors.

f. March on IEDs or precursors.

g. Conduct a “Burn Test” of any IEDs or suspected IEDs.

h. Stay in a confined area with IEDs or precursors.

i. Stay out of Line-of-Sight (LOS) of the IEDs because if you can see it, it can see you.

j. Stay downwind (if tactically possible) when IEDs explode.

CHARACTERISTICS OF UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE

The Unexploded ordnance (UXO) is defined by NATO as any explosive ordnance, which has been primed, fused or otherwise prepared for action, partially fired, dropped, launched, projected, placed in such a manner as to constitute a hazard to operations, installations, personnel, material and remains unexploded either by malfunction or faulty design or for any other cause. They include explosive ordnance, which does not fit into the general description above, but has been made unstable due to exposure to fire, neighbouring explosions, extremes of climatic conditions, or excessive weathering. UXO are generally found in war-torn areas and training ranges. Some of the UXOs could be bombs, high calibre shells, mortar and grenades. It is therefore important to highlight some of the characteristics of EODs and UXOs for general awareness and ease of recognition.

UXOs can be identified by their oval shape solid casing and fins e.g. aircraft bombs cylindrical or oval in shape with a primer (Grenade). Rockets and missiles are long, cylindrical with stabilizing fins. It is very important to note that UXOs are dangerous like the IEDs and may contain hazardous liquid and toxic solid substances. Hence, they must be treated with utmost precaution to avoid

inadvertent explosion.

T H E D O N T s W I T H U N E X P L O D E D ORDNANCE

UXO are very potent weapons; awaiting detonation. It is advisable that you:

a. Never touch suspected UXO, abandoned luggages or suspected objects.

b. Never transmit electrical signals near UXO.

c. Never attempt to remove any UXO or part.

d. Never attempt to move or disturb UXO.

e. Avoid smoking within 15 metres of a suspected IED.

GENERAL SAFETY PRINCIPLES

Confirm. The presence of any suspicious IED item(s) must be reported to IEDs experts for confirmation. However, the identification and confirmation should be done from a safe distance with the use of special equipment such as electronic sniffers, telescopic manipulators, disruptor fuzes and other explosive detonation tools. While identifying/confirming a

51


suspicious IED item, it is important for the IED experts to be mindful of the secondary devices which could trigger off in the process.

Clear. It is expedient to move away from any suspected IED to a minimum distance of 300 meters. It is equally necessary to make maximum use of hard cover to stay out of the direct Line of Site (LOS) of the suspected IED. These safety guides are necessary because any suspicious IED is possibly armed and could detonate by any slightest disruption.

Cordon. The immediate area and routes to the suspected IED must be cordoned off while establishing an Incident Control Point (ICP) for follow on actions. The purpose of the cordon is to prevent unauthorized personnel from entering the site (for their own safety and the safety of others), to preserve the scene for further exploitation and to provide security against command-initiated IEDs. When cordoning the area, random individual checks should be carried out to identify potential triggerman, cameraman, and/or insurgent personnel.

Control. The area inside the cordon is to be controlled to ensure that only authorized personnel have access to it. Furthermore, all traffic should be diverted away from the cordon. The control of the cordoned off place must be such that no one enters the danger area until the EOD expert team has given the all safe signal. While the process is on, all persons at the scene must remain alert and look for a potential triggerman within the vicinity.

Check. The EOD experts should check the immediate area for secondary devices by conducting 5 and 25 meter sweeps of the vicinity. They should look for IED materials and equipment such as detonating cord, receivers, transmitters, cell phones and antennas that may lead to other emplaced IEDs.

Screen. Screen all mails, letters and parcel to forestall incidents of letter or parcel bombs.

Liaison/Information Sharing and Mgt. It is absolutely necessary for the civil society organisation, the general public to liaise with security agents in their areas for information gathering and sharing for effective

security management. Bearing in mind that security is everybody's business, it is important to note that, the unity of the whole society must be preserved in the face of the emerging security challenges. The security agents must be proactive and co-operate with other relevant stakeholders in providing security. Hence, intelligence management at various stages-data gathering, collation, dissemination, real-time sharing and management are vital in winning asymmetric warfare. In the words of the great Chinese strategist Sun Tzu, “know no yourself, know your enemies and you will win a thousand wars”.

CONCLUSION

An explosive material is a substance that is capable of rapid transformation into gaseous form with sudden increase in volume. This rapid increase in volume causes heat and noise, with the accompanying shock wave that travels outward from the point of detonation. A low explosive is one that deflagrates at less than the speed of sound while a high explosive detonates into the remaining explosive material faster than the speed of sound. High explosives produce sharp, shattering effect commonly referred to as brisance and are usually employed in making improvised explosive devices. Generally, IEDs are homemade or locally improvised explosive devices with either effect on detonation.

There are different types of IEDs. Some of the most common types include car bombs, parcel bombs, barometric bombs, radio fired bombs, booby traps, and pipe bombs. The IEDs are generally in use by insurgents to reverse disadvantages in professional know-how and superiority of regular forces to subvert government activities, terrorize the people as a political and religious bargaining tool. An analysis of selected IED attack profiles revealed that urea or fertilizer, digital multi meter, cables and diesel among other materials are used in their production. IEDs can easily be recognised through emplacement locations and potential indicators such as dead animal carcases, heaps of sand/dirt at strategic locations and crevices at road junctions.

Homemade explosives can easily be recognized by their smell and physical appearance. Also, UXOs can be recognized by their shape, sizes and distinguishing features such as tail fins, bands and warheads. When in contact with a suspected item, please avoid touching it and if you must, it is advisable to use the appropriate equipment from a safe location with maximum use of distance, frontal and overhead protection. It is also expedient to cordon off the danger area, check for secondary devices within 5 to 25m radius, ensure only authorised access to the area and avoid all forms of radio transmission. Finally, treat all abandoned luggages with suspicion. The dangers of IEDs or UXOs are prevalent and we must all be vigilant and alert.

52


Goodwill Message

On this your meritorious

National Award of

Commander of the

Order of the Federal

Republic(CFR) conferred on you

by His Excellency Dr Goodluck

Ebele Jonathan GCFR President

and Commander-in-Chief of the

Armed Forces of Nigeria, the entire

NAF Holding Company heartily

felicitate with you and your family.

It is a well deserve honour and

opportunity to spread your wings

and soar higher as you contribute

your own quarter to the Nation

Building of our dear country, Nigeria.

We pray to almighty God to

continue to protect you and give you

wisdom to enable you carry the

entire NAF to a greater height.

On behalf of the officers,

airmen/airwomen and civilian staff of

Nigerian Air Force Holding Company

we wish you many greater

achievements in life and service

NIGERIAN ARMED FORCES HOLDINGS COMPANY

... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....

MR EDA N FOAI RR CE EG SI

N

AVM AM MAMUGMD

Air Marshal AN AMOSU CFR DSS psc fwc MSc

CHIEF OF THE AIR STAFF

from

53


The Akwa Ibom State Governor, Chief Godswill Akpabio has played host to the Nigerian Air Force (NAF) at a banquet held recently in Uyo. The

occasion was used to honour the Chief of Air Staff, Air Mshl Adesola Amosu, in appreciation of NAF contribution to the education sector in Akwa Ibom State, as well as the

nation. Governor Akpabio used the opportunity offered by the NAF Operations Seminar 2014 held in Uyo to host the occasion.

Speaking at the occasion, Chief Godswill Akpabio, while lauding the NAF for its contributions to the education sector of Akwa Ibom State, stated that the State Government had decided to organize the banquet to honour the CAS, and also to create an avenue for participants at the NAF Operations Seminar to unwind, given their involvement in critical thinking

on how to move the nation's air force forward. Describing the just concluded NAF Biennial Operations Seminar as a welcome development, Governor Akpabio noted that the seminar was timely given that the theme was relevant to the present security challenges facing the nation.

AKWA IBOM STATE HOSTS NAF

His Excellency, Gov Godswill Akpabio and CAS, Air Mshl Adesola Amosu

NEWS54


The CAS, Air Mshl Amosu, in his response, thanked the Government and good people of Akwa Ibom State for providing the facilities and enabling environment for the NAF to host the seminar. The CAS also acknowledged the unique cultural affinity and the warm hospitalities accorded the NAF in the State, noting that it was a pleasurable experience for the participants. Air Mshl Amosu disclosed that the NAF chose Akwa Ibom because of its peaceful atmosphere. While acknowledging that the NAF leadership has learnt two or more lessons to take home from the infrastructural development and uncommon transformation in the State, the CAS thanked the Akwa Ibom State Government State for its tremendous support over the years to the Air Force Comprehensive School, Uyo. Air Mshl Amosu assured the Governor that the NAF would not relent in its provision of aerial surveillance to improve the general security

situation in the Niger Delta so that the people can enjoy peace and economic prosperity. The menace of insurgency and other violent crimes.

AVMs OT Oguntoyinbo and UA OmeizaGov Akpabio shaking hands with the fmr CAS, Air Mshl Nsikak Eduok (rtd)

AVMs EE Edem, OC Obierika and AR Okanlawon (retired) AVMs FP Nyoyoko and SB AbubakarAir Warrant Officers Sokowar, Babale and Ezeh

The CAS, Air Mshl Adesola Amosu presenting a memento to his host, Gov Godswill Akpabio

(L-R) AVMs T Adokwu (Comdt AFIT), A Mohammed, AA Zannah (COPP) and AI Shehu (COSE)

55


Cultural troop at the occasion

Musical band entertainment at the event

he Air Council, headed by the President,

TCommander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, Dr Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, has approved the

promotion of 117 senior officers to the next higher ranks in the Nigerian Air Force. The recent promotion comprises 16 Air Vice Marshals (AVMs), 35 Air Commodores (Air Cdres), 40 Group Captains and 26 Wing Commanders. Those promoted AVM include Air Cdres EO Anebi, NA Balogun, CE Okoye, AA Jekennu, AY

Bello, JB Adigun, OO Awomodu and SN Kudu. Others are Air Cdres DF Adeluoye, SO Akpasa, KG Lar, JA Kayode-Beckley, IJ Yahaya, BU Chiobi, SM Shinkafi and MR Dabo.

The senior officers elevated to the rank of Air Cdre include Group Captains IA Yahaya, JA Yusuf, JY Malgwi, MZ Suleiman, EO Chukwu, SA Babalola, OA Tuwase, SO Makinde, AM Akiode, MO Onilede, EK Adedokun, AS Ogunmodede, OJ Lawal, MC Nnaji, CC Irobuisi, UM

000

AIR COUNCIL APPROVES PROMOTION OF SENIOR OFFICERS TO HIGHER RANKS

The CDS, Air Chf Mshl AS Badeh decorating the Chief of Accounts and Budget, AVM JB Adigun with his new rank. Assisting the CDS is Mrs Adigun

Decoration of Comd 106 NAF Camp, AVM AY Bello with his new rank

NEWS56


Sylvanus and FF Odewole. Others are Group Captains G Abubakar, AE Vonombagai, IT Ali, Ibrahim Lawal, P Chollom, BA Omoyungbo, MI Muktar, AI Durotoye, MU Ekpoh, AG Yusuf, AL Osanyintolu, SA Istifanus, MO Olatunji, AR Salami, SBB Mohammed, OA Babalola, YG Goman, and US Udosen.

In a similar exercise, the Chief of the Air Staff, Air Marshal Adesola Amosu also approved the recommendation to promote 36 Flight Lieutenants to Squadron Leader. As an annual exercise, the NAF constitutes different Boards of Officers to screen personnel due for elevation to the next higher ranks. The new promotions are in accordance with the established procedure. While

promotion to AVM and Air Cdre is handled by Board 1, Board 2 handles that of Gp Capts and Wing Commanders. Board 3 has the responsibility of promoting Squadron Leaders and below. Accordingly, the recent promotion is both a recognition and reward for commitment and excellence to duty. The strategic objective is to enhance the morale of the personnel and to promote professionalism in the Nigerian Air Force (NAF). A total of 153 NAF senior officers were promoted this year. The affected officers have all been decorated with their new ranks.

CDS with AVM & Mrs MR Dabo (L-R) CDS with AVM & Mrs EO Anebi

CDS with AVM & Mrs CE Okoye CDS with AVM & Mrs BU Chiobi

CDS with AVM & Mrs DAF AdeluoyeCDS with AVM & Mrs SN Kudu

57


Vice Admiral UO Jubrin (CNS) with AVM & Mrs SM Shinkafi CAS with AVM & Mrs KG Lar

CAS with AVM & Mrs OO Awomodu The CAS, assisted by AVM TO Oguntoyinbo (AOC LC), while decorating AVM SO Akpasa with his new rank. In the background is Wg Cdr (Mrs) Akpasa

The CAS and daughter to AVM NA Balogun decorating the senior officer with his new rank CAS with AVM & Mrs IJ Yahaya

CAS with AVM & Mrs AA Jekennu CAS with AVM & Mrs JA Kayode-Beckley

58


n analysis of the West African Senior Secondary

AExamination results of the 9 Air Force Secondary Schools across the nation bares an impressive

performance in the 2013/2014 academic session. Air Force Comprehensive School (AFCS) Uyo and Air Force Military School (AFMS) Jos recorded 100 percent performances based on the number of students that passed the examination with 5 credits and above including English and Mathematics. Air Force Secondary School (AFSS) Port Harcourt, Kaduna, Makurdi and AFCS Enugu also recorded remarkable performance with over 97 percent successes while AFSS Ikeja and AFCS Ibadan equally achieved appreciable performance in the 2014 WASSCE examination with over 83 percent success.

Over the past 4 years covering the period 2011 – 2014, comparative analyses of the WASSCE results of NAF Secondary Schools revealed that AFCS Uyo, AFSS Port Harcourt, AFCS Enugu and AFSS Ikeja have been consistent in high performance having recorded about 85 percent successes while others have been progressive in their performance within the period under review. Whereas AFCS Enugu presents a good example of consistent academic excellence, Air Force Girls Comprehensive School (AFGCS) Jos appears to be contrary with majority of them failing mathematics. However, the trail of academic excellence by majority of

NAF schools shows that they are among the torch bearers in secondary education in Nigeria.

In 2013, for instance, AFCS Uyo represented Akwa Ibom State in the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) Educational Television (ETV) Art, Science and Technology Exhibition and emerged in the first position at the state and national levels. Over 15 secondary schools entered for the competition in Akwa Ibom State while about 78 schools competed at the national level. AFCS Uyo entered for the science and technology showing a project titled 'Tetra Piece' which is capable to function as a chair, ironing table, ladder and storage compartment. Coming tops at the national level, Tetra Piece proves a visible evidence of creativity, originality, ingenuity and lurking potential inherent in the future generation of Nigerian youths.

In 2014 National Examinations Council (NECO), it is gratifying to note that students of Air Force Comprehensive Schools Uyo, Enugu and Ibadan as well as Air Force Military School Jos emerged overall first, second and third positions in their various states. By virtue of their performances, the students became the eventual winners of the 2014 Learn Africa Education Development Foundation NECO Excellence Awards. The affected students include Anwana Edikan Umoh and Jaja Dorothy Ntasi of AFCS Uyo who emerged in the first and second


BLAZING TRAIL OF

ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE

Serial Name of School

No of Candidates

No. of Candidates with 5 Credits & above including

English

& Maths

2014 Percentage Performance

Position 2013 Percentage Performance



(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h) (i)

1.

AFCS Uyo

105

105

100.00%

1st

100.00%

100.00% 84.70%

2.

AFMS Jos

132

132

100.00%

1st

58.70%

95.70% 93.64%

3.

AFSS P/H

128

127

98.44%

3rd

100.00%

92.70% 86.40%

4.

AFSS Kaduna

103

102

99.03%

4th

70.20%

98.20% 94.20%

5.

AFSS Mkd

114

112

98.20%

5th

95.80%

74.50% 53.00%

6.

AFCS Enugu

76

74

97.33%

6th

98.00%

98.20% 97.80%

7.

AFSS Ikeja

219

188

85.84%

7th 98.40%

97.30% 98.10%

8. AFCS Ibadan 120 100 83.30% 8th 100.00% 100.00% 66.40%

9. AFGCS Jos 71 18 32.14% 9th 81.90% 35.30% 50.00%

WASSCE RESULTS FOR NAF SECONDARY SCHOOLS: 2011 - 2014

Source: Directorate of Education, Headquarters, Nigerian Air Force

FEATURE 59


positions respectively in Akwa Ibom State. Agbo-Anike Onyebuchi and Odunze Henry Amanze of AFCS Enugu bagged the second and third positions respectively in Enugu State while Kolapo Ayobamidele Rasaq of AFCS Ibadan came second in Oyo State as Odikamnoro Ikenna Harold of AFMS Jos, occupied the third position in Plateau State.

There are overwhelming evidences to show that the academic prowess of most NAF Secondary School students are not limited to their states but transcend national and international boundaries based on their outstanding performances in various competitions. For example, as part of the centenary celebration marking 100 years of Nigeria's existence, NAF Secondary Schools participated in the Centenary inter-secondary schools debate organized by the President's Schools Debate Nigeria for all secondary schools in the country. The NAF team, drawn from different NAF Secondary Schools, comprising Thomas Enobong of AFCS Uyo, Offia Mmesomachi Ulani of AFCS Enugu, Promise Nwalozie of AFSS Ikeja and Lilian Ejila of AFGCS Jos came second at the national level.

NAF Secondary Schools have also shown to be trail blazers at the international level. Two SS2 students of

AFCS Uyo, Miss Glory Uko Ibanga and Master Jeffery Iniabasi Jude were part of the Nigerian contingent to the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (Intel ISEF) held in Los Angeles, California, USA. Before then, both students had competed in the 10th edition of National Festival of Science for Secondary Schools in Nigeria organised by Shell Petroleum Development Company in conjunction with Interswitch and Intel.

At state level, AFCS Uyo came first and subsequently represented Akwa Ibom State at the national competition in Abuja where 82 projects were featured by 77 schools representing 26 states of the Federation. AFCS Uyo featured a project titled 'NONA PIECE' being an upgrade of 'TETRA PIECE' earlier entered for the NTA-ETV art, science and technology exhibition in 2013. NONA PIECE is a 9.1 inches wooden piece that can serve as a chair, ironing board, ladder, dining table, reading table, computer table, lamp stand, hangar for clothes and a storage unit. This project earned Akwa Ibom State second position at the national competition with a total of 74.6 percent. More importantly, it became the springboard that launched AFCS Uyo and Akwa Ibom State into national limelight culminating their participation at the Inter ISEF in Los Angeles, California, USA.

60


Jefferey Jude of AFCS Uyo pointing to his name on the honour roll of participants at 2014 Intel ISEFGloria Ibanga of AFCS Uyo pointing to her name on the honour roll of participants at 2014 Intel ISEF

The NONA PIECE project by students of Air Force Comprehensive School, Uyo Nigerian Contingent to the 2014 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair in Los Angeles, California, USA

On behalf of the Officers, airmen and airwomen of the NAF

Investments Limited, I wish to congratulate the Chief of the Air

Staff on the conferment of the award of “Commander of the

Order of the Federal Republic” by his Excellency, President

Goodluck Ebele Jonathan(GCFR). This conferment is in

recognition of your hard work and dedication to the growth of

the Service. It shows that you have worked selflessly and tirelessly

to achieve this feat. We at NAFIL align ourselves with your vision

and goals and will do all to support this progress.

Congratulations Sir,

Goodwill Message

NIGERIAN AIR FORCE INVESTMENT LIMITED

61


INTRODUCTION

tress is the single largest cause of morbidity and Smortality in modern times, and it is responsible for the onset of 50 per cent of existing diseases.

Despite this high prevalence of morbidity, the concept of

stress applicable to members of the Armed Forces is hardly ever discussed. The concept of stress was first recognised by psychologists after the Second World War. In comparison, the concept of stress was relatively new and was modelled in the 1970s.

By Air Cdre BA Yakasai (Rtd) MNIM, MBBS, Cert. Av.Med, DC NEUROL, DPM, MSc, FMCPsych

AND IMPACT ON

AIR FORCE OPERATIONS

FEATURE62


Combat stress or the reaction to stress was given many names. These names were the casual references made to soldiers and military aviators who, having experienced combat, demonstrated changed behaviour. The stress reaction ranged from the quaint term ''nostalgia'' used in the 17thCent Europe and American civil wars, to ''shell shock'' the First World War term that embodied the notion that, exposure to explosions traumatise the nervous system. Victims of nostalgia and shell shock were frequently viewed as being deficient in some ways, lacking in character or otherwise called cowards.

During the Second World War, the term battle stress, combat exhaustion, combat neurosis and combat fatigue became common and reflected a move away from assumption of defective personality and towards the view that, the battle field environment engendered a particular form of weariness. It is only after the Second World War that the Royal Air Force (RAF) and USAF conducted psychological studies and the concept of combat stress was modelled.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss combat stress and its implication for air operations. Specifically, the paper will define common terms relevant to the understanding of combat stress as well as the causes and management of combat stress.

KEY DEFINITIONS

BATTLE MIND

Battle mind refers to the soldier's inner strength to face Fear and Adversity with courage, which encompasses Mental Toughness and Self confidence. It is worthy to note that these skills are learned to help the soldier survive in combat. Problems can arise when they are not well adopted hence good training and leadership are key to developing battle mind.

ANXIETY

Anxiety is a feeling of worry, nervousness or unease generally out of proportion to actual threat.

COSR

Combat Operational Stress Reaction (COSR) refers to a variety of physical and emotional signs related to an

overwhelming traumatic event, or a result of ongoing combat and non-combat related stresses.

ASR/PTSD:

A clinical condition brought on by a life threatening events displaying symptoms in three realms (hyper arousal, re-experience, and avoidance).

COMBAT STRESS

Combat stress is a term used within the military to describe acute behavioural disorganisation seen by medical personnel as a direct result of the trauma of war. It has some overlap with the diagnosis of acute stress reaction used in the civilian psychiatry. It is sometimes viewed as akin to shell shock and can be viewed also as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).

Combat stress reaction is an acute reaction that includes a range of behaviours resulting from the stress of battle that decrease the combat's fighting efficiency. The most common symptoms are fatigue, slower reaction time, indecision, disconnection from the surrounding environment, and inability to prioritise. All these reactions will differ from one person to another. More importantly, it is imperative to normalise your reaction given your experiences instead of being over critical of one's self if one is experiencing combat stress.

CAUSES OF COMBAT STRESS

Some of the problems that contribute to the development of combat stress include physical exhaustion, constant alertness, loss of sleep, and trauma of being killed or maimed. Others are fear of killing other people, fear of failure or disgrace and worry about family problems back home.

There were many important surveys of combat stress casualties following the Second World War. In one of such surveys, it was concluded that aerial combat was a particularly stressful activity. Case studies revealed that,

63


major breakdowns could be caused by a single, very traumatic event; prolonged exposure to minor tribulations, and; prolonged exposure suddenly followed by a more traumatic event.

The ratio of stress casualties to battle casualties varies with the intensity of the fighting. With intense fighting it can be as high as 1:1. In low-level conflicts it can drop to 1:10 (or less). Modern warfare embodies the principles of continuous operations with an expectation of higher combat stress casualties.

These experiences whether they are brief or prolonged, undermined and ultimately destroy the protective illusion of safety that humans tend to have in everyday life and which they carry into battle. All normal individuals appear to have an outlook that has a positive bias, a view point characterised by an unrealistic but psychologically functional over estimation of their safety and control over events.

During theatre of operation, a normal individual enters the battle field with three comforting illusions: the myth of invulnerability (others may fall and not I); belief in the group's leader that, he is essentially infallible and omnipotent; and, belief that the group or organisation, the full awesome range of resources deployed in his support cannot fail to cocoon the individual against harm.

For many people, both in and out of combat, life seems so robust and the prospect of personal oblivion so unreal, that the notion of one's personal mortality appears curiously remote and intellectual. Enemy action has the potential not only to penetrate this cocoon, but also to penetrate the armour these beliefs provide. In combat, the individual may come to believe that not only is life fragile and cheap, but also the odds of personal survival are slim (a reality in air warfare). He finds that his leaders exhibit monumental incompetence or are powerless to help him, and he may come to the conclusion that 'all the King's horses and all the King's men' cannot intervene to retrieve a situation. Thus, the stripping away of the combat flier's psychological defences takes place

LIMITATIONS

Studies conducted by the USAF and the RAF after the Second World War as well as by the Israel Air Force in The 1970s, revealed that combat stress reactions were limited by the following:

a. Perceived control.

b. Self efficiency.

c. Moral and group cohesion.

PERCEIVED CONTROL

It was in the USAF after the World Wars that despite the high casualty rates, the US fighter Pilots reported the least fear of any US combat aircrew. Bomber pilots however, showed rather less alacrity in signing up for

more combat, and other bomber crew members (gunners, navigators, and operators) were even less enthusiastic. The RAF noted this limitation as well. It was interesting to note that, this ranking from fighter pilots down to the air gunners also represented a scale of control. Fighter pilots have a greater autonomy and freedom of action. With their fast and versatile aircraft they could engage the enemy or break off and flee, and they also actively contributed to unfolding of events. Bomber pilots on the other hand, captained their relatively unwieldy aircraft but were otherwise very restricted, having to stay in formation and to a predetermined rout, come flak or fighter. Bomber crew in turn, had rather less control than the bomber pilot, while the gunners could do little more than sit tight for the entire trip unless and until they were attacked. Perceived control therefore, is an important variable to mediate individual's stress response.

SELF EFFICIENCY

Perceived self efficiency refers to the extent to which an individual judges himself able to perform an imminent task. Doubters are more easily deterred, invest less effort, and exhibit less resolve. By the same token the opposite is true for individuals with perceptions of higher self efficacy. Persons who believe that they can master most demands and threats by doing what is needed or by discovering what to do and how to do it are less likely to be

64


http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Continuous_operation_%28military%29&action=edit&redlink=1

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Continuous_operation_%28military%29&action=edit&redlink=1

threatened or to feel helpless or hopeless in stressful transactions. However, it has not been demonstrated whether lower perceived self efficacy contributes to the breakdown in combat effectiveness. Or is a result of it.

MORAL AND GROUP COHESION

The beleaguered pilots of the Beetle of RAF, about 600 of them held off most of the German Luftwaffe through the summer and early autumn of 1940. Considering the extraordinary circumstances of the time, fatigue, danger and uncertainty, including the threat of invasion any day, the rate of psychiatric casualties in fighter command at that time appeared to have been remarkably low. Despite the apparent losses, the morale had been extraordinarily high. As military formations, these squadrons had a remarkable group cohesion and had a developed espirit de corp. With this, came unity, high morale, team work, role clarity, loyalty, and sense of belonging, purpose and empowerment. Unit cohesion is indeed strongly predictive of military performance.

MANAGEMENT OF COMBAT STRESS

It is important to know that not all casualties have bleeding wounds, broken bones, or chemical agent poisoning. Many casualties suffer psychological injuries, commonly referred to as combat stress reaction. Most cases of combat stress reaction can be treated without evacuating them out of the combat zone. Sometimes the treatment is simply making sure the soldier gets a good night's rest, warm food and a change of clothing.

Combat stress can be mild to severe. Mild cases do not seriously interfere with the soldier's effectiveness. However, if the reaction is moderate to severe, it is referred to as more serious combat stress. Such cases will require evacuation and managed separately from other patients. If the soldier appears to be dangerous, take his weapon away from him. Restrain physically if possible when he is a danger to himself or to others. Most of the combat stress reaction casualties can recover complete following a good rest in a safe area, being able to clean up, and receiving hot and nutritious meals.

All combat stress reaction patients should be treated with the expectation of their going back to duty. Most of the reminder will return to their own Unit within two weeks. Appear to be calm and in control of the situation. Gently, try to talk to the casualty if he is responsive. About 70 to 80 percent of evacuated combat stress reaction casualties are capable, with a good management, can return to their Units within three days. The service of a Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and other mental health workers is therefore, very essential.

The US services now use the more recently developed BICEPS principles in the treatment of combat stress reaction by these principles of: brevity, immediacy, centrality or contact, expectancy, proximity and simplicity

Finally, the procedures used to treat mild combat stress

reaction casualties can also be used to prevent combat stress from developing. When a combat stress reaction casualty returns to the Unit, welcome him back. Be willing to talk about what had happened and express your confidence in him. Make him feel part of the Unit again. Always remember that, no one is immune to combat stress reaction.

CONCLUSION

Combat stress is acute behavioural disorganisation as a direct result of war. It is a keen to shell shock and sometimes precurse PTSD. CSR includes a range of behaviours resulting from the stress of battle that decrease the combat fighting efficiency. The most common symptoms are; fatigue, slow reaction time, indecision, disconnection from one's environment, and inability to prioritise.

Combat stress affects all individuals on the battle field. However, the reactions differ from individual to individual and from situation to situation. They may range from a mere nervous breakdown to an outright refusal to fly or participate in combat operations. It is therefore, important in peace time to prepare for it. In combat, the individual may come to believe that not only is life fragile and cheap, but the odds of personal survival are slim. He find that his leaders exhibit serious incompetence or are powerless to help him and thus hopelessness come to play and the stripping away of the combat flier's psychological defences takes place.

A realistic training to develop troop's confidence and capabilities to handle the equipment and the machines they fly becomes necessary. Units must be bound together with unity and loyalty. Any individual affected by combat stress should be rested and relieved off combat assignments, and this should be a temporary phase.

*The writer is an Associate Professor at the Kaduna State University, and Honarary consultant, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika, Zaria

65


Group Captain

MAKUN EMMANUEL ADEDAYO

n a bid to make personnel to fully exploit the inherent

Ipotential of Information Technology (IT), the newly commissioned Pilot Officers of Nigerian Defence Academy

(NDA) Regular Course 61 were issued laptop computers by the Directorate of information Technology (DIT) to simplify their performance of tasks assigned in the units on assumption of duty. Similar gesture was also extended to the NAF participants of National Defence College Course 23 and the National Institute of Policy and Strategic Studies course 37. A total of 59 laptops were given out to the 39 newly commissioned officers, 17 NDC participants and 3 senior officers on course at NIPSS, Jos.

Addressing the newly commissioned officers shortly after presenting the computers, the Director Information Technology (DIT) at Headquarters Nigerian Air Force, Gp Capt AS Bulus implored the beneficiaries to see the gesture as an opportunity to exploit the diverse opportunities offered by the world of IT in order to make meaningful contributions to the NAF. The DIT hinged the rationale for providing beneficiaries with laptops on the drive to fulfil one of the key drivers of the CAS vision, which is renewed emphasis on operational doctrines. Gp Capt Bulus expressed optimism that the provisioning of computers to NDC and NIPSS participants would aid their daily academic pursuits and conduct of research projects.

The NAF recognised the integral role of IT in present day activities, as most procedures and processes in the Service are now IT driven, to provide a huge range of capabilities for improved performance at all levels. It is believed therefore that the provision of personal computers to individuals, computerisation of processes and procedures at unit level while integrating the discrete units into a holistic system would enhance administrative and operational proficiency of the NAF.

NAF INSPIRES TASKS SIMPLIFICATION THROUGH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Gp Capt AS Bulus presenting laptop to one of the newly commissioned officers of NDA Regular Course 61

The DIT, Gp Capt AS Bulus (left) presenting a laptop to Gp Capt JS Dibal - a participant of NDC Course 23

The DIT delivering lecture on the use of Stastitical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) for project research to NAF participants of NDC Course 23

66


he Chief of Air Staff, Air

TMarshal Adesola Amosu has urged officers and men of

the Nigerian Air Force to brace up for greater challenges in the year 2015 when the current war against insurgency and terrorism in the country is expected to enter the mop-up stage. Air Marshal Amosu made the disclosure during the NAF End-of-Year Get-together in Abuja organised to appreciate the combat units involved in the on-going military operation in North East Nigeria. They include 64 Air Defence Group, Makurdi; 75 Strike Group, Yola; 79 Composite Group, Maiduguri; 81 Air Maritime Group, Benin; 97 Special Operations Group, Port Harcourt; and 99 Air Combat Training Group, Kainji. Others are 201 Heavy Airlift Group, Ikeja; 203 Medium Airlift Group, Ilorin; and 209 Executive Airlift Group, Abuja.

Meanwhile, the CAS challenged all NAF personnel to prepare towards redoubling their present efforts by

applying themselves for utmost results in the coming year. The occasion was also used to honour the fallen heroes who have paid the supreme in the course of the same operation. Other categories of personnel that were honoured during the occasion include recently disengaged senior officers of air rank and students of NAF Secondary Schools who have distinguished themselves in various academic competitions at the state, national and international levels and thus making the NAF proud.

While commenting on NAF activities in the North East, the CAS stated that the Service so far has conducted more than 6,000 sorties since the inception of the operation thus demonstrating its combat capabilities and commitment to end the war. The CAS noted however that the record was not without some level of causalities, describing the attrition rate as low on the aggregate. To be ahead of the gain, the CAS stated that

it is essential that newly acquired platforms, including those already and yet to be inducted, are integrated with the existing ones with a view to harmonising all the resources available to the NAF including both m a n p o we r a n d e q u i p m e n t capabilities. This reason, the CAS noted may inform a change of his current vision for the NAF.

Speaking further, Air Marshal Amosu thanked the Federal Government for the support given to the NAF to perform its constitutional mandate. He The CAS also appreciated the efforts of all officers and men for their wonderful support and followership noting that it was unprecedented. He therefore urged all NAF personnel to work as a team because the Service is not looking for heroes but team players.

In his speech, the Guest of Honour at the occasion, the Honourable Minister of Defence (HMOD), Lieutenant General Aliyu Gusau (rtd)

2015: CAS URGES PERSONNEL TO BRACE UP FOR GREATER CHALLENGES

NEWS 67


The CAS, Air Mshl Amosu in a group photographs with the commanders of award winning units

68


lauded the gathering for offering the opportunity to celebrate excellence and reflect on our collective commitment to move forward as a nation. Speaking on the need to enhance the current level of professional capabilities of the Armed Forces of Nigeria, the Honourable Minister noted that no military can afford to stand-by and depend on borrowed technology in the 21st century. 'Each time a new platform is acquired, it means the induction of borrowed, and sometime circumvented, technology. Therefore you must try to domicile your technology efforts and equipment maintenance in pursuit of self-reliance,” he said. The HMOD was represented at the occasion by the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of

Chief of Policy and Plans, AVM AA Zannah making a toast during the NAF Get-togetherThe National President NAFOWA, Mrs Omolara Amosu with award winning Gloria Ibanga and Jefferey Jude of AFCS Uyo during the NAF End-of-Year Get-Together 2014

The Perm Sec (MOD) presenting gift to former Chief of Logistics and Communication, AVM UC Oche (rtd)

Former AOC MC, AVM SO Abosede (rtd) receiving his gift from the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Defence, Alhaji Aliyu Ismaila

The Commander 75 Strike Group Yola, AVM EO Anebi receiving the Operational Achievement Awardon behalf of his unit from the CAS, Air Mshl Adesola Amosu

The Chief of Administration, AVM CN Chuwku delivering his welcome address

The CAS (middle) in a group photograph with parent (3rd left) and award winning students of Air Force Secondary Schools

rejoice and felicitate with our amiable

Iand capable Chief of the Air Staff, Air Marshal Adesola Nunayon Amosu, on

the occasion of his conferment with the Nat iona l Honour Award of the Commander of the Order of the Federal Republic (CFR), by the President, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, Federal Republic of Nigeria, Dr Goodluck Ebele Johnathan GCFR.

This is a well deserved recognition of an achiever, who believes in simplicity, maintains a low profile, but always comes out with outstanding results. Permit me to use this medium to also congratulate the CAS for his laudable welfare programmes, and pragmatic leadership style. Indeed, your accomplishments in less than a year in office are highly commendable.

On behalf of the officers, airmen/airwomen, and civilian staff of Tactical Air Command, I

wish our Golden Chief and his lovely family, good health, long life, God's protection, and guidance, to continue to positively contribute to the efforts to restore the security of the lives and properties, in order to position the country for national growth and development. Best regards and remain blessed sir.

AVM JM GBUM DSS psc fdc(+) MSc Air Officer Commanding Tactical Air Command

on the

COMMANDER OF THE ORDER

OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC

Goodwill Message

of

Conferment of National Honour

69



By Fg Offr AF Omaga

he Flag Officer Commanding Naval Training

TCommand (FOC NAVTRAC), Rear Admiral GA Anyankpele has solicited the assistance of the

Nigerian Air Force towards addressing the challenge of shortage of accommodation facing the Nigerian Navy (NN) in Makurdi. R/Adm Anyankpele, who was on familiarization tour of the Nigerian Navy Provost Regulatory School Makurdi, made the plea during a courtesy call on the Air Officer Commanding Tactical Air Command, AVM JM Gbum. The FOC NAVTRAC crave the indulgence of the AOC TAC to assist with the provision of accommodation for officers and men of the NN in Makurdi, adding that such gesture would also enable the NN to use the swimming pool and other sporting facilities on the NAF Base to enhance physical fitness among her personnel.

Acknowledging that the request by the FOC NAVTRAC would foster espirit-de-corps and inter-Service cooperation between the NAF and NN, especially in Makurdi, the AOC TAC promised to look into the request, adding that the NAF cannot but help the NN or any other sister Service in whatever capacity that would promote the attainment of their statutory objectives. AVM Gbum also praised the cordial relationship existing between the NN and NAF, as well as other Security Agencies, in Makurdi

FOC NAVTRAC SOLICTS NAF ASSISTANCE IN BENUE STATE

TAC ACTIVITIES70

he Edo State Governor, Comrade Adams

TAliyu Oshiomhole has urged the Nigerian Air Force to remain undaunted in the fight

against the Boko Haram insurgency and in combating other security challenges across the Country. Speaking during the commissioning ceremony of the newly rehabilitated network of roads undertaken by the Edo State Government on Shittu Alao Air Force Base at the 81 Air Maritime Group in Benin, Governor Oshiomhole noted that the role of the Armed Forces in securing the territorial integrity of the Nation and in maintaining internal security was rarely appreciated by Nigerians until very recently when the Country was confronted by the prevailing security challenges. Governor Oshiomhole however stated that his administration and the people of Edo State have turned a new leaf by recognising the selfless sacrifice and unrelenting zeal by members of the Armed Forces in their fight against insurgency in North Eastern Nigeria. While commending the NAF for maintaining harmonious relationship with host communities, the Governor noted that the decision to undertake the road reconstruction project at the 81 Air Maritime Group was to demonstrate the appreciation of the NAF by the people and government of Edo State Government.

In his remarks, the Chief of Air Staff, Air Marshal Adesola Amosu expressed deep appreciation, on behalf of the entire Air Force family, to the Governor and people of Edo State for the kind gesture done to the NAF in Benin while assuring his Excellency that the NAF will continue to maintain and support peace and security efforts in the state.

In the same spirit of appreciation, the CAS used the opportunity offered by the visit to pay a courtesy call on the Oba of Benin, His Royal Majesty, Omo N'Oba N'Edo Uku Akpolokpolo, Oba Erediawei the Oba of Benin Kingdom. Air Marshal Adesola Amosu was received by the Esera of Benin Kingdom, Chief Stanley Obamwonyi who stood-in for his Royal Majesty who, due to other pressing commitment in his kingdom, was absent at the time of the visit. Speaking on the purpose of his visit, Air Mshl Amosu stated that he was in the palace to pay homage to the Oba and to seek for his blessings and prayers.

INSURGENCY: GOV OSHIOMHOLE URGES NAF TO BE UNDAUNTING

By Fg Offr EE Ochada

Gov Oshiomhole addressing the CAS and members of his entourage when they visited him in his office

Air Mshl Adesola Amosu sitting with Benin High Chiefs when he paid a courtesy visit to the Oba's Palace

The CAS, Air Mshl AN Amosu and other senior officers in a group photograph with His Excellency, Comrade Adams Aliyu Oshiomhole

71


TAC ACTIVITIES

he commitment to providing NAF personnel with

Tcomfortable accommodation is not only a moral obligation but also a desire premised on the need to

motivate them to be at their best in the performance of their duties. The Commander 35 Base Services Group (35 BSG), Air Cdre OA Idowu made this statement while addressing the beneficiaries of a block of six 2-bedroom flats recently renovated for airmen and airwomen on NAF Base Makurdi. Speaking further, Air Cdre Idowu disclosed that another six blocks of 6 x 2-bedroom flats under construction is near completion. This, he noted, would greatly ease the current accommodation challenge on the Makurdi Base. Air Cdre Idowu urged the occupants of the

newly renovated accommodation to take proper care of the facilities provided for their comfort in order to make them to last longer, noting that the Unit carried out the facelift from its scarce resources and still has a number of welfare issues to attend to.

Meanwhile, Air Cdre Idowu has acquired motorcycles for use in wings under 35 BSG to aid speedy despatch of correspondences. The motorcycles have been distributed to the various wings.

COMMANDER 35 BSG ADDRESSES UNIT'S LOGISTICS CHALLENGES

Line-up of motorcycles acquired by Comd 35 BSG Makurdi for use by wings under command

72


TAC ACTIVITIES

Sgt Adottah M

PHOTO NEWS

The NAF Standard and Evaluation team inspecting the runway and airfield facilities in MakurdiNAF fire tender in operation during a demonstration exercise on fire fighting

The new AOC TAC, AVM JM Gbum receiving the Tactical Air Command Colour from his predecessor, AVM MC Iloenyosi

AVM JM Gbum inspecting the quarter guard on assumption of office as AOC TAC

The AOC TAC, AVM JM Gbum in a group photograph with the FOC NAVTRAC, Rear Admiral GA Anyankpele and his entourage during a courtesy call to HQ TAC

The SASO TAC, AVM Dambo receiving the FOC, NAVTRAC, Rear Admiral GD Ayankpele to HQ TAC

72


Bebeyi Merchants LimitedProducers, Importers, Suppliers of Military wears

MBB

The Management and Staff of

Bebeyi Merchants

Limited, felicitates with the Chief of Air Staff,

Air Marshal AN Amosu CFR DSS psc fwc MSc

on the occasion of his conferment with the

national honour of the

COMMANDER OF THE

ORDER OF FEDERAL

REPUBLIC (CFR)

Sir, we congratulate you for your noble roles

and contributions to the sustenance of our

territorial integrity and for being steadfast

in your commitment to ensuring a safe Nigeria.

We pray the Almighty God grants you more

wisdom and knowledge to take the Nigerian

Air Force to greater heights.

Congratulations sir.

74


Headquarters:Address: Bebeyi House, no 1 Zaria Road, Jos, NigeriaTel: (234) 073611611 Mobile (234) 8036366868Email: [email protected]: www.bebeyigrp.com

AbujaDefence Headquarters Accoutrement/protective storeDefence Headquarters, Garki, AbujaTel: +234(0)803666868

ChinaRoom 417, Xin Qiao Road, Dalian Development Zone,Dalian City Liaoning Province, PR China - 116600Tel: +86 (411)87509686Mobile: +86 1363134069

Goodwill Message

75


ML B BBebeyi Merchants Limited

Producers, Importers, Suppliers of Military Wears

BEBEYI FACTORY AT POLICE CENTRAL STORE

CHINA FACTORY

WWW.bebyigroup.com

MILITARY WEARS ANDACCOUTREMENT FACTORY

AIR FORCE BASE COMMISSIONING DAY OF THE FACTORY

AT THE COMMISSIONING OF KADUNA FACTORY

Headquarters:Address: Bebeyi House, no 1 Zaria Road, Jos, NigeriaTel: (234) 073611611 Mobile (234) 8036366868Email: [email protected]: www.bebeyigrp.com

AbujaDefence Headquarters Accoutrement/protective storeDefence Headquarters, Garki, AbujaTel: +234(0)803666868

ChinaRoom 417, Xin Qiao Road, Dalian Development Zone,Dalian City Liaoning Province, PR China - 116600Tel: +86 (411)87509686Mobile: +86 1363134069

KADUNA FACTORY

I profoundly felicitate with our

indefatigable Chief of the Air Staff

(CAS), Air Marshal Adesola Nunayon

Amosu DSS psc fwc MSc CFR on your

conferment of National Award of

Commander of the Federal Republic (CFR)

by the President and Commander- in

–Chief of the Armed Forces, Federal

Republic of Nigeria, Dr Goodluck Ebele

Azikiwe Jonathan GCFR.

The well deserved honour bestowed on

you epitomizes excellence and recognition

of your immense contribution to the

development of the Nigerian Air Force and

by extension, our dear Nation, Nigeria. Let

me at this juncture commend the CAS for

his distinct leadership quality and laudable

welfare programmes which has greatly

motivated the Nigerian Air Force

workforce. Worthy of mention is NAF's

immense contribution and commitment in

the defence of Nigeria's territorial integrity

and ongoing efforts to defeat insurgency

and restore normalcy in the North Eastern

Part of the country. We are indeed proud to

be associated with you on your landmark

achievements to the development of

mankind and ensuring the security of lives

and properties.

On behalf of Officers, Airmen, Airwomen

and Civilian Staff of Mobility Command, I

wish the CAS and his family God's guidance

and protection. We pray that the Almighty

God will grant you good health and

strength to continue to steer the affairs of

the Nigerian Air Force to greater heights.

Goodwill Message CONFERMENT OF NATIONAL AWARD OF

on the

COMMANDER OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC ON THE CHIEF OF THE AIR STAFF

76



By SqnLdr ET Iheoma

he Air Officer Commanding Mobility Command

T(AOC MC), Air Vice Marshal UA Omeiza has

extolled the cordial relationship existing between

the Joint Task Force (JTF) 'OPERATION PULO SHEILD'

and Mobility Command. AVM Omeiza gave the

commendation while on a courtesy visit to the JTF

Headquarters in Yenagoa, noting that the existing

relationship and collaboration between the two military

agencies will accelerate the realisation of the military

mandate of restoring security, peace and stability in the

State. In his response, the JTF Commander, Maj Gen EJ

Atewe, while thanking the AOC for the visit, stated that

the JTF has recorded notable achievements in its

operations which include arrest of over 22 vandals

engaged in illegal bunkering and sea pirates in the creeks.

AOC EXTOLS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PULO SHIELD AND

MOBILITY COMMAND

MC ACTIVITIES 77


NAF ESTABLISHES MRO IN ILORINNAF ESTABLISHES MRO IN ILORINNAF ESTABLISHES MRO IN ILORIN...Relocates 203 MAG to Lagos

By Fg Offr IP Ogbonna

he Nigerian Air Force recently established a

TMaintenance and Repair Organisation (MRO) in Ilorin as part of the effort to develop capacity for

in-country Periodic Deport Maintenance (PDM) of its aircraft fleet. The MRO is the second development milestone following the establishment of the Aeronautical Engineering and Technical Services Limited (AETSL) in a bid to domesticate aircraft maintenance in the NAF. As a fully incorporated company, the AETSL is expected to sufficiently grow to carry out maintenance and repair services for civil airlines in Nigeria and beyond. The newly established MRO incorporates hangar, apron and taxiway projects which are near completion. This development however also necessitated the relocation of 203 Medium Airlift Group (MAG) to Lagos from its hitherto location in Ilorin.

The current arrangement, which allows for the joint use of the hangar facilities at 401 Aircraft Maintenance Depot (ACMD) by 203 MAG and 201 Heavy Airlift Group (HAG) has three-fold benefits. It eliminates some logistics challenges that hitherto militated against the maintenance of the G-222 aircraft operated by the 203 MAG. Before

now, the Unit could only carry out first line and limited second line maintenance on the G-222 aircraft due to the absence of appropriate hangar facilities in Ilorin. As a result, third line maintenance was done in Lagos using the hangar facilities at 401 ACMD. With the recent relocation of 203 MAG, the maintenance of G-222 aircraft is made less cumbersome as all maintenance activities on the aircraft can be done in Lagos. Furthermore, as a result of the relocation, both the C-130 and G-222 aircraft are now co-located in Lagos thus paving the way for the NAF to implement the current policy on dual type rating for the aircraft pilots. More so, the relocation of 203 MAG and establishment of the MRO for AETSL at Ilorin will allow both organisations to focus on their primary tasks to achieve excellence while consolidating NAF's efforts at meeting the growing need for incoming PDM of NAF aircraft and C/D checks for civil airlines.

MC ACTIVITIES78


PHOTO NEWS

AVM UA Omeiza taking over the Mobility Command Colour from his predecessor as the Air Officer Commanding Mobility Command

The immediate past AOC MC, AVM SO Abosede presenting his handing over note to his successor, AVM UA Omeiza

Former AOC MC, AVM SO Abosede in a group photograph with his successor, unit commanders and staff officers of the Command immediately after the handing and taking over ceremony

AVM UA Omeiza in a warm handshake with the Commissioner of Police Bayelsa State, Mr ValentineNtomchukwu

AVM Omeiza with the Sector Commander FRSC Yenagoa The AOC MC presenting a souvenir to the Director State Security, Yenagoa

79


National Merit Awards in Nigeria, just like other nations of the world, are given to only deserving citizens of the country

who have distinguished themselves in national service in any field of human endeavour. It is now on record that the outstanding performance of our amiable Chief of the Air Staff, Air Marshal AN Amosu CFR DSS psc ndc MSc in national service, has been nationally and internationally acknowledged. The award of the National Honour of 'Commander of the Order of the Federal Republic (CFR)' conferred on you by the President, Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Dr Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, GCFR, is a testimony to this fact.

I, Air Vice Marshal SS Bala-Ribah, DSS psc ndc BSc MOSS, the Air Officer Commanding Training Command, Nigerian Air Force Kaduna,

on behalf of all the officers, airmen/airwomen and civilian staff of Training Command, wish to felicitate with you sir on this historic milestone. This award is not only an honour to you sir, but it s an honour for the Nigerian Air Force as a whole.

May God the Almighty continue to guide you sir as you pilot the affairs of the Nigerian Air Force in to greater he ights . Once aga in , Congratulations Sir.

Felicitations

Air Officer Commanding Training Command

Air Vice Marshal

SS BALA-RIBAH

on the occasion of the

CONFERMENT OF NATIONAL AWARD

on the

CHIEF OF AIR STAFF

N AIR FIA OR RE CGI E

N

TR DA NI ANIN MG OMC

O DE T FN EIA NDRT

80


The Nigerian Air Force has commissioned 273 Flying Officers through the Direct Short Service Commission (DSSC). The new entrants comprise

135 cadets of DSSC Course 23 and 138 cadets of Course 24, who recently graduated from the 325 Ground Training Centre Kaduna upon their successful completion of the 6-months military training. The Chief of Air Staff, Air Marshal Adesola Amosu reviewed both Passing-Out-Parades that turned in a total of 246 male and 27 female officers to the Nigerian Air Force in Year 2014.

Congratulating the new officers, Air Mshl Amosu noted that the challenges ahead are enormous but surmountable with courage, discipline and dedication to duties. He charged the young officers to make professionalism their watch word while observing the ethics and core values of the military profession that have been inculcated in them.

Speaking further against the background of the current security challenges facing the nation, the CAS revealed that at the commencement of the officers' training, the curriculum was reviewed to incorporate modules on internal security with a view to preparing and enhancing the performance of the newly commissioned officers in internal security operations. 'The NAF has developed and implemented new and improved strategies not only to combat the current threats but also to better prepare the Service to combat security challenges in future', said

the CAS. Air Mshl Amosu also appealed to all Nigerians to join in the fight against insurgency to build national cohesion that transcends primordial sentiments and rise above any interest that tends to tear the nation apart.

The Chief reminded the newly commissioned officers to submit to civil authority and protect the nation's democracy while remaining non-partisan in politics. He however urged them of the need to exercise their civil responsibility by casting their votes during the forthcoming general elections, and to abide by the electoral rules and regulations.

NAF COMMISSIONS DSSC OFFICERS

By Sqn Ldr IA Bukar

The Reviewing Officer, Air Mshl Adesola Amosu presenting an award to one of the graduating cadets

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TC ACTIVITIES

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Cadet GP Wampana assisted by his mother to wear his Flying Officer rankCross section of graduating cadets of Direct Short Service Course 23 during their pipping ceremony

A member DSSC Course 24 and his parents during the pipping ceremonyThe CAS handing over the Parchment of Commission to a member of DSSC Course 24 during their commissioning ceremony

Members of DSSC Course 24 taking the Oath of Allegiance following their commissioning as Flying Officers

Commandant NAF Ground Training Centre, Air Cdre CD Dola presenting the Champion Banner to Senior Under Officer (SUO) AN Dominic of Conakry Squadron

Members of DSSC Course 24 in quick march during their Passing Out CeremonyThe CAS, Air Mshl AN Amosu reviewing the Passing Out Parade of DSSC Course 24

AOC TC EXPLOITS COMMUNITY RELATIONS FOR NAF BENEFIT

By MWO Kakandar E and FS Fanzhi TC

ecognising the importance of public consent and

Rgoodwill to the attainment of NAF objectives the AOC TC, AVM SS Bala-Ribah, recently embarked on

official visits to some organisations in Kaduna with a view to fostering existing cordial relationship between the leadership of the affected organisations and the Training Command, while at the same exploiting the opportunity to forge new fronts. The visit by the AOC TC to the Kaduna Electricity Distribution Company, Kaduna State Police Command and the Federal Road Safety Corps was aimed at enhancing the fulfilment of NAF's welfare objectives to the personnel, and the need to deepen collaboration with the affected organisation.

The recent visit by AOC TC to the Kaduna subsidiary of the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) was necessitated by the prevailing erratic power supply on NAF Base Kaduna. AVM Bala-Ribah informed his host that the NAF holds sensitive facilities and installations that require constant supply of electricity to remain functional. To enhance the operational efficiency of the Training Command, AVM Bala-Ribah thus implored the PHCN Management to improve on the power supply to NAF Base. In his response, the Director of Kaduna PHCN, Mallam Idris Mohammed assured the AOC that the PHCN would do everything possible to ensure that adequate supply of electricity is provided for the NAF as well as other military establishments. The new power sub-station recently commissioned by PHCN in Kaduna is expected to boost power supply to the NAF Base and its environs.

At the Kaduna State Police Command, AVM Bala-Ribah stressed the need for mutual working relationship between the NAF and the Nigeria Police. This, he said, would enhance the synergy between both organisations to combat crime and other social vices in Kaduna State. Appreciating the kind gesture of the AOC TC, the Commissioner of Police for Kaduna State, Mr Umaru Shehu remarked that he would continue to count on the support of the NAF and other security agencies to combat violent crimes in the State. Furthermore, AVM Bala-Ribah was at the Federal Road Safety Commission to seek assistance for education and enlightenment on traffic rules and regulation with a view to positively influence the driving culture on the NAF Base and among the personnel. Speaking at the occasion, the Sector Commander, Mr Olagunju stated that the FRSC will be willing to give lectures as well as provide necessary traffic service to the NAF whenever it is called upon.

Meanwhile, the new Commander 330 Nigerian Air Force Station, Gp Capt OA Akinyele has embarked on similar community relations visits within his area of responsibility. On assumption of office, Gp Capt Akinyele visited the Special Task Force (STF), the Nigeria Police Force Command, Federal Road Safety Corps, Civil Defence Corps and the Nigeria Prison Service in Jos, Plateau State. The Commander also paid courtesy call on the Gbong Gwon Jos, Da Jacob Gyang in his quest to foster the rapport between the NAF Unit and its host community. The NAF, during the visit, was lauded for her contributions towards security and education in Plateau State.

The AOC TC AVM SS Bala-Ribah making a remark during his visit to PHCN and with him is the MD Mallam Idris Muhammed

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TC ACTIVITIES

PHOTO NEWS

The NAF team, headed by Gp Capt OA Akinyele, in a group photograph with the Commandant NSCDC Plateau State Command, Mr Bature and other staff

Gp Capt OA Akinyele making a remark as he presents a souvenir to the Comptroller Immigration,Plateau State Command, Mr Jaja

The CAS, Air Marshal Amosu in a group photograph with dignitaries and graduating officer cadets shortly after the passing out parade

The AOC TC AVM SS Bala-Ribah, HQ TC Principal Staff Offrs, the CP Mr Umaru Shehu and Senior Police Officers in a group photograph during AOC TC visit to the Police Headquarters

Comd 330 NAF Stn briefing the Gbom Gwom Jos, Da Gyang Buba Jacob during a courtesy visit to the palace

The newly appointed chairman of EPIC Brig Gen AE Life-Ajemba and his entourage in a group photograph with the AOC TC and PSOs after the visit

The zonal commanding Officer, zone 1 Kaduna, Assistant Corps Mashl VC Nwokolo and member of his staff in a group photograph with the AOC TC AVM Bala-Ribah, the SASO TC and other principal staff Officer, during the later's courtesy visit to the Training Command

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It is with great honour and privilege on behalf of officers, airmen/airwomen and civilian staff of Logistics Command that I congratulate Air Marshal AN Amosu CFR DSS psc fwc MSc on his

conferment of national honour of “Commander of the Order of the Federal Republic” (CFR) by the President, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, Federal Republic of Nigeria, Dr Goodluck Ebele Jonathan. Your conferment is indeed a testimony of your hard work, selflessness, relentless commitment and unparalleled professional competence to transform the Nigerian Air Force. We are undeniably embolden by your vision “ to consolidate the transformation of the Nigerian Air Force by employing innovative approaches, with a focus on joint capabilities and consideration for credible international partnerships”.

Your tremendous contributions through purposeful and visionary leadership, towards the enviable height that the NAF has attained today cannot be over emphasized. The NAF has indisputably made remarkable progress from its humble beginning through steadfastness to become a force to be reckoned with today in the African continent. In the last 11 months that you are at the helm of affairs, the NAF has witnessed tremendous growth in all spheres of development. These ranging from acquisition of new platforms for effective operations, provision of modern infrastructure in living accommodation and

creation of new staff branches at the HQ NAF and many more. Above all, the NAF has continued to give a good account of itself in the prosecution of the ongoing war against insurgents in the North East of Nigeria providing necessary air cover/support and logistics backup needed for the operation. I want to assure you on behalf of Logistics Command of our unflinching support and continued determination to contribute our best to the realization and attainment of the vision and overall success of the Nigerian Air Force.

We are delighted that your leadership has always recognized the role of Logistics to the continued overall success of modern military operations, hence, in all NAF operations within and outside the shores of this country, the logistics aspect has continued to be accorded its rightful place.

As you continue to demonstrate your selfless and purposeful service to the NAF in particular and the Armed Forces in general, I wish you a successful tenure and more laurels. Once again, congratulations.

Air Vice Marshal

OT OGUNTOYINBO DSS psc usawc MSc DFM

Air Officer Commanding, Logistics Command

Goodwill Message

AIRN A FI OR RE CGI E

N

LO D

G NI AST MI MCS CO

R EFFO E F CT TIR VEO NP EP SU SS

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he operation of the National Health Insurance Scheme

T(NHIS) has been reviewed to accommodate retired members of the Armed Forces and their dependants

who hitherto were excluded from the scheme. In line with the new provision, upon retirement, NAF personnel with their spouses and up to four children below 18 years can now benefit from the scheme. The recent review, which has been described as a welcome development, became necessary following complaints that the exclusion of military retirees based on earlier operation of the scheme negated a crucial welfare need of personnel's life at old age.

To sensitize serving personnel on the new operation, a four-man team from the Defence Health Maintenance Limited (DHML) was in Lagos recently to provide insight about the new working of the NHIS. Led by Dr Modupe Omokpale, the team made a presentation that covered eligibility criteria, mode of access and types of ailments covered under the scheme.

In line with what obtained hitherto, military hospitals are still the Primary Health Care Provider (PHCP) hence they remain the first point of call for healthcare delivery. Specialist cases that cannot be handled by the PHCP would be referred to Secondary Care Provider (SCP) or Tertiary Care Provider

(TCP) accredited under the NHIS. Such referrals however must confirm with guidelines approved by the DHML.

According to Mrs Omokpale, the NHIS does not cover injuries sustained from military operations, sport activities and organ transplant. However, because these cases are rare, military enrolees under the NHIS can be referred to specialist hospitals for treatment. Two modes of payment can be exploited for such treatment. The patient can opt to pay the medical bill to prevent delay in treatment while claims for NHIS reimbursement, through either the PHCP or SCP, can be made within two weeks. Alternatively, the specialist hospital providing the treatment can make claims for payment through the referral hospital which can be either the PHCP or SCP.

The current operation of the NHIS is thus seen as a morale booster for serving personnel given the expectations that their healthcare needs and that of dependants are now guaranteed upon retirement. This development reflects the commitment by the government, in recent times, towards addressing the welfare of both the serving and retired military personnel. To avail themselves of these benefits, retired members of the Armed Forces are expected to register with an accredited military or civilian PHCP within their immediate localities.

The Nigerian Air Force Officers' Wives Association (NAFOWA) Logistics Command Chapter has the laid the foundation stone for the construction of

NAFOWA Little Angels School at the NAF Base, Shasha. As part of NAFOWA charity activities in the Lagos area, the project when completed would cater for the basic education need of NAF personnel and the civil populace in the Shasha area of Lagos State.

Meanwhile, the Chairperson of NAFOWA LC Chapter, Mrs Rhoda Oguntoyinbo has called on friends of NAFOWA and other well meaning Nigerians to contribute towards the project. Speaking at the occasion, Mrs Oguntoyinbo noted that quality education is critical to nation building hence the need to lay sound educational foundation for children. “As leaders of tomorrow, our children are the ones to shape the future of our community, society, and indeed the nation”, she said.

The occasion was chaired by the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Top Fingers International Group of Companies, Mr Abiodun Olajide who supported the

project with a substantial amount of money with a promise to furnish the school when the construction work is completed.

SHASHA: NAFOWA LAYS FOUNDATION FOR LITTLE ANGLES SCHOOL

By Fg Offr FE Ezenyi

Cross section of members of NAFOWA Logistics Command Chapter during the ground breaking ceremony of Little Angels School, Shasha

RETIRED MILITARY PERSONNEL TO BENEFIT FROM NHISBy MWO Chukwuemeka H

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LC ACTIVITIES

The Nigerian Air Force has assured its support for the 'One Service One Medal' (OSOM) Project initiative by the Federal Government to ensure

Nigeria records a successful outing during the forthcoming 2016 Rio Olympics Games in Brazil. The Chief of Air Staff, Air Marshal Adesola Amosu gave the assurance in Abuja while playing host to members of the Nigeria Olympic Committee (NOC) who paid a courtesy visit to Headquarters Nigerian Air Force.

Expressing NAF's willingness to support and provide credible partnership for OSOM Project, Air Mshl Amosu promised the Service will provide more enlistment opportunities for sportsmen and women while giving a boost to competitive sports sponsorship. The CAS also promised to make NAF sporting facilities available for use, as part of his commitment to forge a credible partnership with NOC, to groom and bring forth competent athletes that would represent Nigeria at the 2016 Olympics.

The NOC President, Engr Sani Ndanusa disclosed earlier that the purpose of his Committee's visit was to partner with the Armed Forces and other Security Agencies to promote the personnel's participation in sporting activities with a view to producing medalists for the Nation in 2016 Olympics and subsequent sporting events. Engr Ndanusa recalled that following the poor

performance by the Nigerian Contingent to the 2012 London Olympics, the OSOM project was setup to woo athletes from both the military and para-military organizations which were identified to have provided the bulk of the Nigerian medal winning athletes in previous international sporting competitions. Stating the objective for which OSOM was set-up, the NOC President stated that given that there are 16 Security Agencies in Nigeria, the Country has the potential to win at least 16 medals in the forthcoming Olympics if each Security Agency is able to feature at least one medal winning athlete in the sporting activity where it has comparative advantage.

The Nigerian Air Force (NAF) won a total of eighteen medals comprising one gold, seven silver and ten bronze medals at the just concluded OSOM Games held in Kaduna recently.

NAF Contingent to the OSOM Games

OSOM PROJECT: NAF ASSURES NOC OF SUPPORT

By WO Suleiman NL

Air Mshl Adesola Amosu being decorated with a medal by Engr Sani Ndanusa (President NOC) during his investiture as Patron OSOM Games

SPORTS 87


n airman of the Nigerian Air Force (NAF), Warrant

AOfficer Abdul Madu was among the thirteen Nigerians that won bronze medals at the last 11th

African Shooting Competition held in Cairo, Egypt. Madu, along with his two other colleagues from the Department of State Services, won bronze medal in the 25 meter Standard and Rapid fire pistol (male category). Other events that the Nigerian Contingent won medals included Rifle (Male and Female Categories), Pistol (Female Category) and Prone (Female Category) making a total of five team events. The feat marks the first time in thirty eight years that the Country will be winning medal since inception of the Nigeria Shooting Sports Federation (NSF).

In a letter to Headquarters Nigerian Air Force, the NSF President, Mr Olumide Wole-Madariola described WO Madu as a proficient shooter who needs to be encouraged to do better. “...This shooter is proficient in pistol event. There is need to encourage him and others by ensuring constant training via lecture and practical method through

the provision of modern facilities/equipment”, the letter read in parts.

Preparatory to the 2016 Rio Olympics Games coming up in Brazil, Madu and his colleagues are scheduled to participate in a number of international shooting sports events slated for 2015. These include the World Pistol/Rifle Shooting Championship scheduled for February 15 in Greece, World Pistol Championship holding in Germany on April 15 and, the World Military Games commencing July 15 in South Korea. The team is also expected to camp for about 4 months in Australia while participating in different competitions.

Meanwhile, WO Madu and his colleagues were among the 390 athletes presented the Most Prestigious Award by the President, Dr Goodluck Ebele Jonathan GCFR for representing Nigeria and winning medals in various sporting events.

Warrant Officer Madu Abdul displaying his medal and certificate while he is flanked by AVM JM Gbum (former COPP), and Mr Olumide Wole-Madariola (NSF President)

AFRICAN SHOOTING COMPETITION: NAF PERSONNEL WINS BRONZE MEDAL

IN TEAM EVENTBy WO Suleiman MD

SPORTS88


he biography of former Chief of Air Staff (CAS), Air

TMarshal Mohammed Dikko Umar has been put in perspective in a book titled, “The Pursuit of

Providence.” The book is not a critique or eulogy of the life and works of the Marshal but rather a modest account of his personality, humble background and contributions to the NAF and the nation at large.

Authored by Madu Onuorah, the Abuja Bureau Chief of Guardian Newspaper, the book contains six parts of sixteen chapters reflecting a stream of experiences and lessons from the life and times of Air Marshal Umar, especially of his sojourn in the NAF. Many dignitaries at the occasion commented that the book is a good stuff and full of inspiration for youths to actualise their dream, sharpen their leadership skills and widen their horizon with a view to achieving success in life. One of such lessons offer by the life of Air Marshal Umar as depicted in the book is that greatness in life is achievable through determination and diligence coupled with providence.

Starting with family history, the book features the early years, military training and careers in the NAF as well as

the marital life of Air Marshal Umar. The book also documents the challenges, experiences and achievements by the Air Marshal. Some of the achievements recorded by Air Mshl Umar as CAS include establishment of Quick Response Force (QRF), reactivation of Military Airlift Command now known as the Mobility Command, establishment of Air Warfare Centre, establishment of Directorate of NAF Transformation, pilot enlistment through the Direct Short Service Commission and enhancement of personnel welfare among others.

Speaking during the public presentation of the biography, former Head of State, Gen Abdulsalam Abubakar, who chaired the ceremony, eulogised Air Mshl Umar for ensuring that his life history was put in perspective for the benefit of teeming Nigerian youths and the public in general. Commenting on Air Marshal Umar, Gen Abdulsalam remarked, “...as Umar performed his job, I observed a very humble and disciplined officer who could deprive himself of comfort to assuage others. I have also come to appreciate Umar as a pilot who is always focused, self disciplined and consistent in applying good judgement,

By Sgt Lemamu JA

THE PURSUIT OF PROVIDENCE: A BIOGRAPHY OF AIR MARSHAL MD UMAR (RTD)

89


especially during decision making process. In Umar, I have found a man whose presence in the cockpit impressed his subordinate and passengers alike. As I watch him grow in the Service, I was not surprised to see him reach the pinnacle of his career in the NAF.”

Reviewing the book, Prof Emmanuel Ezegwu commended the author for his interest in the leadership traits and impacts made by Air Mshl Umar which deserved a comprehensive packaging for future reference. He described the book as a qualitative tool capable of giving direction to the present and future generation of youths desirous of greatness in life.

In his comments, the author, Mr Onuorah revealed that his interest to undertake the onerous task of writing the book was due to the benefits accruable to the youths as future leaders. He noted that the purpose of the book is not to re-invent the subject but as a biography to enable readers see him for whom he is. Hence, he noted that the book offers opportunity for readers to know about the man and the contemporary challenges he faced as an officer in the military.

Speaking at the book launching, Air Mshl Umar stated that the idea behind the documentation of his life history came from his close associates few years ago. Air Mshl Umar remarked that his story is a narrative about audacity of hope and faith in oneself. While thanking the entire guest for honouring the occasion with their presence, the former CAS specifically acknowledged the brilliant work done by the author describing it as an intellectual work without blemish. The book was unveiled by Prince Arthur Eze.

Air Mshl MD Umar R(rtd) receiving former Head of States, Gen AA Abubakar (rtd) to the venue of the book launch

Former Service Chiefs at the occasion (r-l): Air Chf Mshl OO Petinrin (CDS), Admiral OS Ibrahim (CDS) and Lt Gen OA Ihejirika

Representatives of the Service Chiefs in attendance

Air Mshl MD Umar with some of the retired senior officersCross section of participants during the book launch

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The immediate past Director of Public Relations and Information, Nigerian Air Force, Air Commodore Yusuf Anas has retired after 34 years of meritorious

service. The exit of the former DOPRI rekindles the words of the late Head of State, General Sani Abacha, who said '...while some players bow out with boos, the good ones do so with applause and they leave behind a sense of nostalgia and everlasting repute'. Indeed, Air Cdre Anas left the NAF with so much applause and eulogy for his numerous contributions to public relations practice in the NAF and the development of the Directorate. Talking about the NAF PR, Anas is unarguably the centre piece of reference in many areas. It is on record that Air Cdre Yusuf Anas is the first DOPRI to serve five different Chiefs of Air Staff. This unparallel feat shows that the senior officer knows his onions. He is also the first professional Public Relations Officer in the NAF to be promoted to Air Cdre. Many who attended the send-off party organised in honour of the former DOPRI orchestrated the many achievements of the senior officer not as mere string of honorarium but with sincerity and purpose.

Congratulating Air Commodore Anas on his retirement, the Chairman of the occasion, Maj Gen Chris Olukolade described the former DOPRI's exit as graceful while urging those still in Service to exploit integrity as the best virtue in course of pursuing their careers noting that there is a future for those who do their job diligently. Speaking at the occasion, the Chief Host, Air Cdre Dele-Alonge described the former DOPRI as an achiever per excellence and a goal getter whose l i festyle and professional attributes are worthy of emulation. Speaking in his current capacity as the DOPRI, Air Cdre Alonge assured his predecessor that the Directorate under his watch would do its best to build on the legacy left behind. High point of the occas ion was toast proposed by the Director of Army Public Relations, Brig Gen Olajide Laleye in honour of retired senior officer for a wonderful military career while w i sh i ng h im a g lo r ious retirement life.

In his valedictory speech, Air Cdre Anas identified hardwork, loyalty and professionalism as

key to his success. He thanked the NAF for giving him the opportunity to serve the nation and extended his appreciation to the officers, men and civilian staff of the Directorate for their unflinching support while he was in office.

FORMER DOPRI RETIRESBy Lemamu JA

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The Nigerian Air Force Officers' Wives Association (NAFOWA) recently built and commissioned a mini-market and a Special Needs school at the Nigerian Air

Force Base, Abuja. The Mini-market which consists of standard shops, double shops, restaurants, banking halls and open stalls is also equipped with essential amenities to cater for the socio-economic needs of the people living on the Base and its environs. The special needs school on the other hand is established to avail children with special needs the leeway to acquire requisite education in a conducive and secure environment.

The NAFOWA mini-market scheme upon completion brings relief to residents of the Base who before now had to go far to get their supplies. In quintessence, the establishment of mini-market avails dependants of NAF personnel the opportunity to own and run a shop at avoidable cost as well as boost the economic activities within the Base and its neighborhoods.

Speaking during the commissioning the market and school projects, the Chief of Air Staff, Air Mshl Adesola Amosu lauded NAFOWA initiatives for embarking on the lofty projects noting that are in line with his visions for the NAF and also an affirmation of NAFOWA generosity.

Regarding the special needs school, the CAS noted that the NAFOWA has always been passionate toward the welfare of children was optimistic that the project would serve the education needs of children with various forms of disabilities around the Federal Capital Territory.

In her remarks, the NAFOWA President Mrs Omolara Amosu stated that the Association took the initiative of building the market and established the school as part of her contributions

to serve humanity. She said that the idea of empowering women and children with disabilities is crucial to the attainment of equality education and socio-economic growth, assuring the Airmen's Wives (AWA) and the neighboring communities that the Association would continue to come up with a specific action plans to embark on innovative projects to enhance their standard of living.

NAFOWA BUILT MODERN MINI MARKET AND SPECIAL NEEDS SCHOOL ON NAF BASE ABUJA

BY FS Sabiu MB

Chief of the Air Staff, Air Marshal AN Amosu commissioning NAFOWA Mini Market while NAFOWA President, Mrs Amosu and some of the Invited Guests looks on

Newly constructed NAFOWA Special Needs School at Nigerian Air Force Base, Abuja

NAFOWA President, Mrs Omolara Amosu (Middle) in a group photograph with CAS, Senior Officers,Invited Guests and NAFOWA Members shortly after commissioning


The Lagos State Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives has lauded the performance of the 201 Heavy Airl i ft Group (HAG) Cooperative

Multipurpose Society (CMS) in the year ending December 2013 in which the Society achieved 76.78% increase in surplus fund and 10% expenditure on total income describing the performance as highly commendable while advising the Society to continue to maintain this present momentum to enable increased dividends for members and sustained progress.

The Director of Cooperative Services in Lagos State, Mrs Zulikha Ibraheem, represented by the Area Officer in Charge of Cooperatives Affairs in Ikeja, Mr Babajide Bakare while speaking during the 7th Annual General Meeting (AGM) of the Cooperative held on 29 August 2014 said “this team has actually done well judging from the surplus”. While commending the growth and expansion of the Society, the Area Officer maintained that the “Cooperative is so far the largest and most efficiently managed Military Cooperative I have supervised.” He charged the Executive Committee of the Society to continue to consolidate on past achievements and pave way for future development by ensuring strict compliance with the Cooperative Societies Laws of Lagos State, the registered byelaws guiding the Society's activities as well as the operational guidelines from the Directorate as it carries out its operations.

The Net Surplus of the 201 HAG CMS in 2012 was N79, 933, 291.40. It increased to N141, 303, 298.61 in 2013 which is a 76.78% increase. Current Assets of N1, 438, 348, 916.18 in 2012 increased to N2, 075, 442, 349.58 in 2013. This component is made up of loans to members, investments and

bank balances. General expenses which summed up to N12, 486, 905.71 in 2012 declined by 36.27% to N9, 163, 030.53 in 2013. This decline is attributed to the fall in bank charges from N6, 821, 280.24 in 2012 to N4, 887,357.24 in 2013. Statement of appropriation of the surplus fund in 2013 indicates that 25% of the net surplus or N35,325,824.65 goes into reserve fund as against N19,783, 322.85 in 2012. The statutory fund set aside as Education Fund in the year under review is 2.5% of the net surplus or N3,532,582.47. Half of this amount is sent to the Lagos State Cooperative Federation while the remaining is to be utilized by 201 HAG CMS to educate members in the area of cooperative education. A remarkable N79, 444, 891.49 was set aside as dividend to members as against N48, 951, 636.26 in 2012. A sum of N8,000,000 naira is set aside to fund projects work by the Society as against N3, 000,000 in 2012. A sum of N2, 000, 000 was earmarked as gratuity for the Cooperative Staff with a view to giving established staff sense of belonging for enhanced productivity.

Earlier in his address at the 7th AGM, the President of the Cooperative Society, Group Captain Sayo Olatunde stressed that the “Cooperative has grown big” that it has become a reference point not only in the Air Force, but in the whole Armed Forces. According to him, “when we took over three years ago, we met N11.5 million investment in money market; today, after 3 years of prudent management, this fund has skyrocketed to over N1 billion. Membership strength also increased from about 2,400 to over 5,200 cooperators. The President said this growth and expansion called for an urgent need to strengthen the internal structure of the society against “mismanagement and deceit” saying that “you will agree with me that a solid internal structure is an indispensable pre-requisite for success, sustenance and expansion of our organization”. The President assured members that the welfare of Cooperators is our priority”. “You can bank on our sincerity and commitment to excellence. Our focus is value for money”, he added.

It would be recalled that the Cooperative Society was established in 2004 with a view to improving the standard of living of officers and men of the Nigerian Air Force. Gp Capt Olatunde said the missions of the Society include inculcating in members an attitude of saving for raining day; assisting members to own their personal houses; assisting members to furnish their homes and providing loans at affordable rates to members for their planned and emergency needs.

Some strategies for strengthening the Society's internal structure approved at the 7th AGM include employment of account manager on consultancy basis to audit the

LAGOS STATE LAUDS 201 HAG COOPERATIVE MULTIPURPOSE SOCIETY

…as Society elects new Executive Committee

By: WO Ishola AR

The President of the Cooperative Society, Group Captain Sayo Olatunde delivering his keynote address at the 7th AGM in Lagos

93


Cooperative accounts quarterly; and establishment of a Vetting Committee to authenticate all requisitions for funds before approval. Other resolutions include the opening of Etisalat Phone Line 09099869337 and Globacom Phone Line 08110004060 dedicated for customer services. Furthermore, it was approved that contributors who voluntarily withdraw from the society shall not be eligible to reapply until after 12 calendar months. Cooperative Coordinators are to be appointed in all Nigerian Air Force units for dissemination of Cooperative information and other duties that may be assigned by the Executive Committee. This is to guide against rumour mongering and misinformation and ensure prompt handling of member's complaints.

In determining fund for AGM, the Directorate of Cooperative Services usually bases the fund allocated to AGM and other meetings on membership strength and the amount of surplus fund available for a particular year. However, the 7th AGM passed a resolution that because of the peculiarity of the spread of membership across NAF Units, the amount shall henceforth be divided into two equal parts: “One part is to be allocated to AGM while the other half is to be added to “Members Dividends”. The President said that the resolutions passed by members at the 7th AGM are to be incorporated into the Society's bye-law.

New executive committee members were also elected by the Society at the AGM. It would be recalled that the outgoing Executive Committee came into power in April 2011. “Since then, our society has witnessed unprecedented stability in policies, sustained growth and development as well as unique mutual trust and confidence between the members on the one hand and the Executive Committee on the other hand” said Group Captain Olatunde.'

The transparency, probity and accountability displayed in the annual summary of financial reports, the permission allowed for constructive inputs from members and the comradeship promoted through the warm rapport shared at Cooperative's AGMs have been lauded by members. Many believe that they engender a sense of belonging and togetherness as well as serve as a platform for enhancing espirit the-corps which personnel require for team work and for optimal performance in contemporary security challenges bedeviling Nigeria and the Africa regions. A member, Group Captain VPA Haruna said at the AGM that the meeting allowed stakeholders to know what is happening in the society which he said is a confidence building exercise. He described the fairness and firmness displayed at the AGM as quite encouraging and assuring and considered it fruitful and timely. Master Warrant Officer Shoyode noted that the Cooperative has being a blessing to most stakeholders and has impacted greatly on the lives of personnel. He said he was initially skeptical about the cooperative until an occurrence led him to join and 'it has been ever so good'. Group Captain VPA Haruna encouraged the Society to establish a minor department where parents servicing a loan could easily draw extra loans to offset school fees. With this arrangement, he said parents can “actually save for their children's education to save them from the embarrassment of having their children constantly thrown out of school.”

Meanwhile, sequel to the resolution of the Society at the 6th AGM to venture into the real estate to provide affordable housing for members, a master plan was drawn up, uploaded onto the website of the society to enable inputs, particularly from members who are real estate professionals in order to enrich the document for a smooth and successful takeoff of the scheme.

One of the modalities in the master plan for the 201 HAG housing scheme is that lands would be acquired from government and reputable land owners in liaison with the land office of the state in which the land is situated. Construction of the estates would be handled by accredited developers using National Housing Fund (NHF) loans. Also, an applicant must have paid off all outstanding loans including home improvement loans and must have in his or her saving account at least 50% of the total sum of the cost of the allotted plot, its documentation and initial infrastructure as well as a 10%, 20% or 30% equity expected to be lodged with Primary Mortgage Banks (PMBs) accruable as loans from the Cooperative. The total cost of the housing unit an applicant is eligible to would be determined by the total amount of loan he is eligible to from NHF. The only exception to this is when an applicant agrees to pay into the Cooperative account any shortfall between the cost of the housing unit and the amount accruable to him from the NHF loan. Non members of the Cooperative who have indicated interest in purchasing any housing unit a member wants to resell would only be authorized to buy such units after the recommendation of a security committee. Benefitting from the housing units is once in a lifetime basis. Eligibility is based on average annual dividend from 2010 and period of membership of applicant.

The loan amount an applicant is eligible to is calculated on the basis that he/she must not utilize more than 1/3 of the gross monthly pay/income to service the loan. This is calculated by multiplying 1/3 of the gross monthly pay/income by 12 by remaining number of years to 60 years or 35 years of active service whichever comes first. The minimum and maximum amount available to a contributor is N5 and N15 Million Naira respectively. The housing scheme of the Society is scheduled to start in 2015.

Highlighting some of the challenges of the society, the President bemoaned fraudulent tendencies of a few members, lack of commitment of some members to cooperative affairs amongst others. He called on members to “always be interested in cooperative activities”.

Present at the 7th AGM were members of the 201 HAG CMS from within and outside Lagos, the Director of Cooperative services in Lagos State ably represented by the Ikeja Area Officer, Assistant Area Officer from Lagos State Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative, Mrs Akinbajomo and others from the Ministry.

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The Airman Magazine Dec 14

Documents

Transcript of The Airman Magazine Dec 14