The Age of Imperialism

The Age of Imperialism TC

Table of Contents

Africa

MiddleEast

India

China Japan

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Imperialism Overview

Latin America

Imagine for a moment…

That you are at home engaged in one of your favorite activities; playing a game, listening to music, or reading. So far the day is as any other. Then all of the sudden a group of individuals arrive at your front door demanding that you stop what ever you are doing. These individuals tell you that your way of life is wrong. They inform you however that they have come to your house to correct your way of life. They say it is their responsibility to change your way of living for the better. You find out that this has happened not only to you but your neighbors as well. Over time your way of life does change. These individuals, who you do not even know, have changed your government, religion, and other cultural practices, and remember these individuals told you this was for your own good. What is your reaction?

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Unit Enduring UnderstandingsThe motives of competition and profit often prompt people

and groups to expand into new areas of opportunity.

Changes in technology and exchange during the 18th and 19th centuries led to the social and economic changes

around the world that are still relevant today.

Technology, transportation and communication enabled European nations to become the dominant world powers in

the 19th century.

Centers of global economic and political power shift over time.

Technology and industrial advancement can alter existing social and economic systems.

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Global Impact of Industrialization

Moved through Europe and to the US (West)

More demand for products motivated colonization to gain raw materials

IMPERIALISM

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Let’s refresh our memories…

What is a colony? Example…

What is nationalism? Example…

What occurred during industrialization?

These are all components that will materialize in our discussions of

Imperialism…

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Profit/Losses= Revenue (price or what is gained) – cost (labor + capital – resources/raw materials/land/etc.

Many European nations had an abundance of raw materials and resources so why did they look else other places?

As competition (domestic and international) for resources increased so did the price.

Cost of Raw materials increases.

Also the demand for products started to drop off. As a result the prices of the goods dropped.

What is the Solution?

NEW MARKETS!!!!

Go to areas of the world with natural resources that can be processed or sold.

This will lower cost.

Sell process goods back to the new markets.

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Industrialization Imperialism

INDUSTRIALISM STIRRED AMBITIONS IN MANY EUROPEAN NATIONS. THEY WANTED MORE RESOURCES TO FUEL

THEIR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION. THEY COMPETED FOR NEW MARKETS FOR THEIR GOODS. THEY LOOKED TO AFRICA AND ASIA AS SOURCES OF THE RAW MATERIALS AND MARKETS FOR CLOTH, PLOWS, GUNS, AND OTHER

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS.

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Forms of Imperialism


Characteristics Example

Colony A country of region governed internally by

a foreign power

Somaliland in East Africa was a French

colonyProtectorate A country or territory

with its own internal government but under

the control of an outside power

Britain established a protectorate over the

Niger River delta

Sphere of Influence

An area in which an outside power claims

exclusive investment of trading privileges

Liberia was under the sphere of influence of

the United States

Economic Imperialism

Independent but less developed nations

controlled by private business interests

rather than by other governments

The Dole Fruit company controlled pineapple trade in

Hawaii

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Indirect Control Direct ControlLocal government officials

were usedLimited self-rule

Goal: to develop future leaders

Government institutions are based on European styles but

many have local rules

Foreign officials brought in to rule

No self-ruleGoal: assimilation

Government institutions are based only on European

styles

Examples: British colonies such as Nigeria, India, BurmaU.S. colonies on Pacific

Islands

Examples: French colonies such as

Somaliland, VietnamGerman colonies such as

TanganyikaPortuguese colonies such as

Angola

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Justification and Motives of ImperialismTC

Imperialism Overview

The conquering of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating it politically, economically, socially and culturally

Central-core of empire is a nation-state Ex. Great Britain, France, United States

Politically?

Economically?

Socially?

Culturally?

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British Imperialism

British Imperialism British dominated 19th century

imperialism Reached it’s height under Queen

Victoria Jump start due to early industrialization Originally about economics PRIDE Glorified imperialism in stories,

newspapers, poetry Ex. Kipling’s White Man’s Burden Major Rivals:

France Germany Belgium Germany

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“The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire” TC

Motives Driving Imperialism

Nationalism Viewed an empire as a measure of national greatness “All great nations in their fullness of their strength have

desired to set their mark upon barbarian lands” Economic Competition- race for raw materials and

markets

Geopolitics An interest in land for strategic location or product; often

leads to conflict European nations interested in specific resources in specific

places but not always interested in taking over entire country Examples: canals, oil, water access

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European Racism

Idea that the white race was superior to others

Social Darwinism those that were fittest for survival enjoyed wealth and successes and were considered superior to others

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RHODES COLOSSUS Cecil Rhodes, shown

standing astride of Africa, in a cartoon from Punch magazine; Rhodes had built the trans-Africa railway, and is the man after whom the nation of Rhodesia was named (now Zimbabwe). The cartoon is a play on the old Colossus of Rhodes, which was one of the “Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.”

“We [the British] happen to be the best in the world, with the highest ideals of dependency and justice and liberty and peace, and the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for humanity.”- Cecil Rhodes

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Racism

Before Reading: Define the term race in your own words.

When you think of the word race, what comes to mind? Record a bulleted list of words and/or characteristics that you associate with the idea of race. Add in bullet points as needed.

Is race real? Does it exist? Justify your answer in the space below.

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Assignment: White Man’s Burden by Rudyard Kipling

Take up the White Man’s burden—Send forth the best ye breed—

Go, bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives’ need;

To wait, in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild—

Your new-caught sullen peoples,Half devil and half child.

According to Kipling, what is the “White Man’s burden”?

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The white man’s burden- The Journal, Detroit 1899

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Racism

Post-Reading: How did your idea of race change? Do you agree with the ideas listed in these

handouts? Why or why not? What was the most surprising statement?

Why? How might this new understanding change

the way you think about others?

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Missionary Impulse Desire to

Christianize people Believed European

rule was the best way to end evil practices (i.e. slave trade)

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Factors that contributed to Imperialism

External Factors

- Maxim gun-

Railroads/Steamships

- Cure for malaria

Internal Factors

- Variety of cultures and languages

- Low level of technology

- Ethnic strife

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Imperialism: Perspective

“Our whole existence has been controlled by people with an alien attitude to life, people with different customs and beliefs. They have determined the form of government, the types of economic activity, and the schooling which our children have…A man who tries to control the life of another does not destroy the other any less because he does it, as he thinks, for the other’s benefit. It is the principle which is wrong, the principle of one man governing another without his consent.”-Julius Nyerere of Tanzania

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Imperialism in Africa

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The Berlin Conference TC

Assignment

Based on the cartoon pictured, discuss with the person sitting next to you the following two questions

1.According to this cartoon, which European countries were fighting for a position in Africa?

2. How did the Berlin Conference lead to the situation shown in the cartoon?

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Berlin Conference (1884-85) European conference that met to lay down rules

for the division of Africa Agreement Any European country could claim

land in Africa by notifying other nations of their claims and showing they could control the area

No African ruler attended meetings

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Berlin Conference Simulation

Welcome to the Berlin Conference of 1884-85! Background: In the late 1800s a meeting of European powers was held to

divide Africa among those nations represented. During this time they agreed that any European country could claim land in Africa by notifying other nations of their claims and showing they could control the area.

You will simulate this exercise and work in groups of four (4) to partition the African continent. Each individual will be assigned two (2) countries below; your task is to negotiate with those other countries around you and reach an agreement as to how Africa should be divided. You are seeking to gain as much territory as possible while still meeting the goal(s) listed below.

This exercise requires extensive negotiation and discussion. Each group will produce and submit a copy of the completed African map. It must clearly show the division of the African continent and, more importantly, the territorial holdings of each major European power. Please label and color (lightly) each territory. At the end of the exercise you will then compare your map to the actual map of 1914 Africa. Good luck!

Please refer to pages A14 and A15 in your textbook’s atlas, as well as page 308 when answering the reflection questions.

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Imperialism: Partition of Africa TC

Egypt and the Suez Canal TC

The Suez Canal TC

African Resource maps TC

Why was South Africa imperialized?ResourcesGeopolitical- location

Climate

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http://www.enotes.com/genocide-encyclopedia/king-leopold-ii-congo

Why did King Leopold colonize the Congo?

The Rivers!!!

Rubber

The Congo River Basis TC

Positives Reduced local warfare Improved sanitation, transportation &

communication Provided better medical care

Negatives Lost control Lost customs & traditions Famines due to cash crops Unnatural division of continent

Outcomes of Imperialism in Africa TC

Outcomes of Imperialism in Middle East

Ottoman Empire Loses Power Unsuccessful vied for power

over territories with Europe Many former Ottoman

territories gained independence (i.e. Greece, Serbia, Romania, Montenegro, Cyprus, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and land in Africa)

Result Countries initiated political and social reforms to block European domination of their land (Persia, Egypt)

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Persia and Oil

Great Britain

and Russia divide Persia

and have access to oil-rich lands

Outcomes of Imperialism in Middle East TC

Outcomes of Imperialism in Middle East TC

Imperialism in India TC

India was the largest and

most lucrative colony of the entire British Empire.

1600’s British East India Co. began trading in India; over time gaining more economic and POLITICAL control

“Jewel in the crown” the most valuable of all the British colonies

Imperialism in India TC

Long-Term Effects of Colonization in India Resurgence of nationalism against GB Creation of:

Indian National Congress-1855Mix of all Indians

Muslim League-1906Just Muslim IndiansGoal: push for independence and

protection of Muslim rightsStrong tension continues to develop between

Hindus and Muslims as nationalism is on the rise

Outcomes of Imperialism in India TC

Jungle Book: Lively stories filled with talking animals

Rudyard Kipling wrote the famous children’s book, The Jungle Book, in 1893. It was written at the height of British imperialism around the globe. Kipling is known for his great pride in Britain and his support of British imperialism. However, remember, he was a realist in his views. Many of his written works portray this in his characters. The Jungle Book is no exception. The story is set in the jungle of India. Although it is a children’s book, the characters symbolize much of what Kipling believed was right about the British colonization of India.

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Assignment

How do the characters in the movie, The Jungle Book, reflect the actions and intentions of British imperialism in India in the 19th Century? Pay attention to the messages given by each

character and how they each may symbolize elements of imperialism.

Select THREE characters you feel most comfortable supporting and present your analysis in a three-paragraph essay. Be sure to provide examples from the film to support your analysis.

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List of Characters

Mowgli King Louie

Baloo Kaa

Colonel Hathi Shere Khan Bagheera Vultures

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Causes Events/Policies Effects

East India Company and the

“Jewel in the Crown”

Colonialism

Sepoy Revolt

Indian Nationalist Movements

Use pages 321-325 in text to provide an overview of the causes, effects, and policies that affected India in the 1700s and 1900s. Fill out corresponding graphic organizer!

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Sepoy Revolt TC

Imperialism in China TC

Imperialism in China Chinese had firm traditions stable & secure Looked down at outsiders Had strong agricultural economy Foreign traders brought new products – foods

– led to population boom in 18th Century Strong mining and manufacturing

Many natural resources – salt, tin, silver, iron ore

Produced fine silks, cottons, porcelain


Tea/Opium Connection Chinese self sufficient did not need to trade

WITH West but did trade TO West British wanted to find a good (product) Chinese

would want to buy to improve trade balance

OPIUM!Used as pain reliever in Chinese medicine

Highly addictive Over 12 million were hooked by 1830’s


“By what right do they (British Merchants) …use the poisonous drug (opium) to injure the Chinese people?...I have heard that the smoking of Opium is strictly forbidden by your country…Since it is not permitted to do harm to your own country, then even less should you let it be passed on to the harm of other countries.”

Lin Zexu, quoted in China’s Response to the West


Opium War The British refused to stop

trading OPIUM China begins naval battle

with British to stop sale of Opium

China easily DEFEATED Effects:

Effects HONG KONG given to G.B. Special rights given to G.B.

– exempt from trade laws at ports


Issues in China POPULATION had grown dramatically Food supply lacking Government CORRUPTION Opium use INCREASING

WHAT’S A NATION TO DO?

Overthrow the government, of course!

TAIPING REBELLION &BOXER REBELLION


Assignment

Use pages 335-339 in text to provide an overview of the causes, effects, and policies that affected China in the 1800s and 1900s. Fill out corresponding graphic organizer!


Opium War

Taiping Rebellion

Self-Strengthening Movement

Open Door Policy

Boxer Rebellion

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Self Strengthening Movement Effects of Instability in China

Foreigners import resources for MILITARY

China loses control of QUALITY and in trade balance

Increasing WESTERN INFLUENCE

Public not overly supportive of program

Foreigners attack Other countries capitalize on

China’s weaknesses Resulting treaties lead to

“FOOTHOLDS”—spheres of influence


Spheres of Influence in China TC

Imperialism in Asia TC

Imperialism by Japan TC

Assignment Use pages 339-343 in text to provide an

overview of the causes, effects, and policies that affected Japan in the 1800s and 1900s. Fill out corresponding graphic organizer!


Treaty of Kanagawa

Meiji Era begins

Sino-Japanese War

Russo-Japanese War

Annexation of Korea

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Assignment: Japan Cartoon

Create a 4 frame comic strip of Japanese History using Chapter 12-2.

Your strip should tell the story of the Japanese and Imperialism.

On the back of your cartoon, write a summary of this topic in no more than 3 sentences.

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Darwin- Darwinism – evolution- natural selection

American Nationalism- Manifest destiny and the Monroe Doctrine

American Exceptionalism

Josiah Strong + Ted Roosevelt

Social Darwinism + imperialism

War with Spain- obtained the Phillipeans, Caribbean

Latin America- Panama Canal

America- Latin America and the Canal TC

America- Latin America and the Canal TC

Location Method/Type Why did it happen this way Impact

Africa

Middle East

China

IndiaJapan

Latin America

Pacific

European Imperialism

Berlin Conference

Partition

Colonized

Colonized

Partitioned between GB and Russia

Spheres of Influence

Japan becomes an imperial nations

Closed off by US

Colonies

Econ. Imperialism

The Age of Imperialism

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