The Age of Anxiety
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Transcript of The Age of Anxiety
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The Age of The Age of AnxietyAnxietyAP World HistoryAP World History
3/15/123/15/12
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Europe’s mood after the Europe’s mood after the Great WarGreat War
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Post-WWI EuropePost-WWI Europe Decade can be divided into two periodsDecade can be divided into two periods
Five Years of Painful Recovery (1919-1924)Five Years of Painful Recovery (1919-1924) Six Years of Growing Peace and Progress Six Years of Growing Peace and Progress
(1924-1929)(1924-1929) The Roaring TwentiesThe Roaring Twenties
Transformation of EuropeTransformation of Europe Period of Social ChangePeriod of Social Change Scientific and Cultural TransformationScientific and Cultural Transformation German HyperinflationGerman Hyperinflation
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Europe after the Great Europe after the Great WarWar
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Social Changes of the Social Changes of the 1920s1920s
Class distinctions faded away as role Class distinctions faded away as role of aristocracy declinedof aristocracy declined
Government expansion led to Government expansion led to expansion of “white-collar” jobs. expansion of “white-collar” jobs. WHY? WHY? Advancements in technology prevented Advancements in technology prevented
growth of working classgrowth of working class Women earned the right to voteWomen earned the right to vote
Did not effect politics as women voted like Did not effect politics as women voted like male relatives Which Amendment? Why?male relatives Which Amendment? Why?
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Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution Albert Einstein and Werner Albert Einstein and Werner
Heisenberg challenged traditional Heisenberg challenged traditional ideas of the universeideas of the universe ““Truth was merely a set of mental Truth was merely a set of mental
constructs”constructs” Atomic world replaces classical worldAtomic world replaces classical world
Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud Psychoanalysis was the key to Psychoanalysis was the key to
understanding human behaviorunderstanding human behavior
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Artistic RevolutionArtistic Revolution LiteratureLiterature
Ernest Ernest HemmingwayHemmingway
John John SteinbeckSteinbeck
ArtArt Edgar DegasEdgar Degas Pablo PicassoPablo Picasso Salvador DaliSalvador Dali
Race Horses by Degas
Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon by Picasso
The Persistence of Memory by Dali
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German HyperinflationGerman Hyperinflation German economy German economy
collapsed in 1923collapsed in 1923 Loss of territory as Loss of territory as
part of Treaty of part of Treaty of VersaillesVersailles
Hyper-inflationHyper-inflation
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Pictures of Pictures of HyperinflationHyperinflation
What can you do with German money in 1923?
Make a fort (above) or burn it for heat (right)
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The Dawes PlanThe Dawes Plan U.S. plan to reorganize the German U.S. plan to reorganize the German
economyeconomy Lower annual war reparations Lower annual war reparations
paymentspayments German currency reorganizedGerman currency reorganized U.S. loans to GermanyU.S. loans to Germany
Stabilizes the German economyStabilizes the German economy 1924-1929 sees a return to relative 1924-1929 sees a return to relative
economic prosperityeconomic prosperity
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The Dawes PlanThe Dawes Plan
United States Germany
Allies
High-interest Loans
War ReparationsInterest on War Debts
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The Great The Great DepressionDepression
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Causes of the Great Causes of the Great DepressionDepression
Agricultural DepressionAgricultural Depression Decline in wheat pricesDecline in wheat prices ““Dust Bowl”Dust Bowl”
Bank FailuresBank Failures Overproduction of GoodsOverproduction of Goods
Production grew by 50%; wages Production grew by 50%; wages increased at slower rateincreased at slower rate
CreditCredit Buying goods (including stock) on marginBuying goods (including stock) on margin
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Effects of the Great Effects of the Great DepressionDepression
Decline of world tradeDecline of world trade Countries turn to economic nationalismCountries turn to economic nationalism
Massive unemploymentMassive unemployment German unemployment 40%German unemployment 40%
Global decline in industrial productionGlobal decline in industrial production German production declines by 30%; German production declines by 30%;
France 20%France 20% Poverty and hunger widespreadPoverty and hunger widespread
Starvation in GermanyStarvation in Germany
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Reactions to the Reactions to the DepressionDepression
Government ChangesGovernment Changes Welfare StateWelfare State
The New DealThe New Deal Keynesian EconomicsKeynesian Economics
Political RadicalizationPolitical Radicalization Rise of communist and fascist partiesRise of communist and fascist parties Germany and Japan turn to state Germany and Japan turn to state
controlled economic growthcontrolled economic growth
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TotalitarianisTotalitarianism and Mass m and Mass MobilizationMobilization
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Characteristics of Characteristics of TotalitarianismTotalitarianism
Attack liberal democracy and capitalismAttack liberal democracy and capitalism State directed economyState directed economy State more important than the individualState more important than the individual Charismatic dictatorsCharismatic dictators Depend upon mobilization of the massesDepend upon mobilization of the masses Embrace public welfare programsEmbrace public welfare programs Use censorship and propagandaUse censorship and propaganda Women not permitted a public roleWomen not permitted a public role
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Rise of Adolf HitlerRise of Adolf Hitler Born in AustriaBorn in Austria
High school dropoutHigh school dropout Served in World Served in World
War IWar I Arrested for role in Arrested for role in
Beer Hall PutschBeer Hall Putsch Writes Mein Kampf Writes Mein Kampf
from prisonfrom prison Became chancellor Became chancellor
of Germany in 1933of Germany in 1933
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Reforms of Adolf HitlerReforms of Adolf Hitler Ignores provisions of the Treaty of Ignores provisions of the Treaty of
VersaillesVersailles Ends war reparations paymentsEnds war reparations payments Uses militarization to ease the burdens of Uses militarization to ease the burdens of
the Great Depressionthe Great Depression Many countries sympathized with Many countries sympathized with
GermanyGermany Nazis seize complete political controlNazis seize complete political control Beginning of the HolocaustBeginning of the Holocaust
Nuremburg Laws (1935)Nuremburg Laws (1935)