The African Peace Facility (APF) Historical background and context African Peace Facility 9th EDF...

The African Peace Facility (APF)

• Historical background and context• African Peace Facility 9th EDF• African Peace Facility 10th EDF• 1st and 2nd APF – comparative table• Further information

The African Peace Facility (APF)

• Historical background and context• African Peace Facility 9th EDF• African Peace Facility 10th EDF• 1st and 2nd APF – comparative table• Further information

1. Historical background and context

– Transformation of the OAU into the AU (2002)

– New approach: non-indifference

– Development of the continental framework for peace and security

– AMIS in Darfur-first major AU peace operation

– Transformation of the OAU into the AU (2002)

– New approach: non-indifference

– Development of the continental framework for peace and security

– AMIS in Darfur-first major AU peace operation

1. Historical background and context

– Origins of the APF

• AU request to establish a Peace Support Operation Facility- Maputo Summit (July 2003)

• EU response: APF operational in May 2004• Legal basis: Art. 11 of the Cotonou Agreement• Nexus security-development: “No development without security”

– Origins of the APF

• AU request to establish a Peace Support Operation Facility- Maputo Summit (July 2003)

• EU response: APF operational in May 2004• Legal basis: Art. 11 of the Cotonou Agreement• Nexus security-development: “No development without security”

2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF

– Objectives and scope

• Innovative instrument to support African peace and security agenda

• Scope- support to: – African-owned and led peace operations– Strengthening capacity of the relevant African organisations

• Principles: African ownership and solidarity, EU-Africa partnership• Beneficiaries: AU and sub-regional organisations

– Objectives and scope

• Innovative instrument to support African peace and security agenda

• Scope- support to: – African-owned and led peace operations– Strengthening capacity of the relevant African organisations

• Principles: African ownership and solidarity, EU-Africa partnership• Beneficiaries: AU and sub-regional organisations


– Programming • Initial allocation- € 250 M :

– Peace support operations- € 200 M – Capacity Building – € 35 M– Contingencies, audit, evaluation and monitoring- €15M

• Three subsequent replenishments under the 9th EDF (total € 150 M)

– Additional Voluntary Contributions of 8 EU Member States (Nearly € 40 M)- first example of cofinancing under the 9th EDF

– By 2009 total APF allocation of €440M– Additionally, €7,7M Contribution from South Africa budget line

– Programming • Initial allocation- € 250 M :

– Peace support operations- € 200 M – Capacity Building – € 35 M– Contingencies, audit, evaluation and monitoring- €15M

• Three subsequent replenishments under the 9th EDF (total € 150 M)

– Additional Voluntary Contributions of 8 EU Member States (Nearly € 40 M)- first example of cofinancing under the 9th EDF

– By 2009 total APF allocation of €440M– Additionally, €7,7M Contribution from South Africa budget line

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Montant engagé cumulé M€

APF

Commitments APF (M€)

1st repl.€50m

2nd repl.€45m

3rd repl.€39.2m

4th repl.€55m440


– Main actions supported

• Peace Support operations:

– the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) - over €305M– the FOMUC/MICOPAX Mission in the Central African Republic

( CEMAC/ECCAS) – €53,2M– the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) – €35,5M – the African Union Missions in the Comoros (AMISEC+MAES) - €5M +

€3,5M

• Main items funded: allowances for military/police observers, troop allowances, rations, insurance, medical support, fuel and technical assistance


• Peace Support operations:

– the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) - over €305M– the FOMUC/MICOPAX Mission in the Central African Republic

( CEMAC/ECCAS) – €53,2M– the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) – €35,5M – the African Union Missions in the Comoros (AMISEC+MAES) - €5M +

€3,5M

• Main items funded: allowances for military/police observers, troop allowances, rations, insurance, medical support, fuel and technical assistance

Support

to

PSOs

MICOPAX

2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF– Main actions supported

• Evolution of payments: 2004-2008: fund-consuming PSOs


• Evolution of payments: 2004-2008: fund-consuming PSOs

Financement des OMP par l'APFmontant total 400M€

79,17

149,17

229,17

305,60 305,60

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100

150

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350

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450

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

AMISOMCOMOROSFOMUCAMIS


– Cases

• Missions in the Central African Republic: FOMUC/MICOPAX

• Missions in the Comoros: AMISEC, MAES

– Cases

• Missions in the Central African Republic: FOMUC/MICOPAX

• Missions in the Comoros: AMISEC, MAES


– Capacity Building support

• Strengthening capacities of the African Union Commission AUC (€6M),

• African Standby Force (ASF) workshops (€988,552), • Support to sub-regional organisations’ liaison officers to the AU,

to early warning system and financial capacity of both SROs and AUC (€7,7M contribution to the APF from South Africa budget line),

• Support to planning capacities of the African Standby Force, to early warning systems and financial management at both sub-regional and continental levels (€20M).

– Capacity Building support

• Strengthening capacities of the African Union Commission AUC (€6M),

• African Standby Force (ASF) workshops (€988,552), • Support to sub-regional organisations’ liaison officers to the AU,

to early warning system and financial capacity of both SROs and AUC (€7,7M contribution to the APF from South Africa budget line),

• Support to planning capacities of the African Standby Force, to early warning systems and financial management at both sub-regional and continental levels (€20M).


– Support to capacity building - examples • Effort on institutional capacity, and links AU / SROs.• 3 main CA committed under 9th FED• 2004: 6M € prog.: Reinforcement of the AU continental role: PSC

protocol and sec., AUPSOD experts (planning, PCRD, EWS,….)• In 2008, 30% committed (11/ 40 experts recruited). • 2006,2007- 7.5 + 20 M € prog. Reinforce links AU/ SROs, support

build-up of APSA.• Liaison offices for SROs in ADDIS• Recruitment, Training, Equipment for EWS, Plan Elm, ASF.• Implementation of a TA to kick-off the project, and setup a project

management unit (PMU).• Draft annual report: commitment ~= 20%

– Support to capacity building - examples • Effort on institutional capacity, and links AU / SROs.• 3 main CA committed under 9th FED• 2004: 6M € prog.: Reinforcement of the AU continental role: PSC

protocol and sec., AUPSOD experts (planning, PCRD, EWS,….)• In 2008, 30% committed (11/ 40 experts recruited). • 2006,2007- 7.5 + 20 M € prog. Reinforce links AU/ SROs, support

build-up of APSA.• Liaison offices for SROs in ADDIS• Recruitment, Training, Equipment for EWS, Plan Elm, ASF.• Implementation of a TA to kick-off the project, and setup a project

management unit (PMU).• Draft annual report: commitment ~= 20%


– Implementation/delivery

• APF managed by HQ• Joint management, Contribution Agreements with Beneficiairies• TA: monitoring, reporting, training, advice• Key issue: limited AU RECS capacity, including in financial /

administrative matters

– Implementation/delivery

• APF managed by HQ• Joint management, Contribution Agreements with Beneficiairies• TA: monitoring, reporting, training, advice• Key issue: limited AU RECS capacity, including in financial /

administrative matters


– Additional Voluntary Contributions

• Background : AMIS – APF depleted• EC organised call for additional contributions• 8 Member States responded. In total 39M € • Managed by EC. EDF procedures. • Permanent feature under 10’EDF

– Additional Voluntary Contributions

• Background : AMIS – APF depleted• EC organised call for additional contributions• 8 Member States responded. In total 39M € • Managed by EC. EDF procedures. • Permanent feature under 10’EDF

3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF– New context

• Africa-EU joint strategy

– Principles– A jointly developed & shared long-term vision– A partnership between equals, moving away from the traditional donor –

beneficiary relation– Political dialogue

» on issues of common concern (eg. peace & security) » on key issues for development (eg. governance)» seeking joint responses to global challenges (eg. energy; climate change)» promoting a broad-based and wide-ranging people-centred partnership

– The Strategy goes beyond:– development cooperation (eg. sciences)– institutions (eg. Non-State actors, civil society, private sector)– Africa (eg. international level: Poznan, UN)– Treating Africa as one (continent-to-continent approach)– EU test case for policy coherence, aid effectiveness, division of labour

– New context

• Africa-EU joint strategy

– Principles– A jointly developed & shared long-term vision– A partnership between equals, moving away from the traditional donor –

beneficiary relation– Political dialogue

» on issues of common concern (eg. peace & security) » on key issues for development (eg. governance)» seeking joint responses to global challenges (eg. energy; climate change)» promoting a broad-based and wide-ranging people-centred partnership

– The Strategy goes beyond:– development cooperation (eg. sciences)– institutions (eg. Non-State actors, civil society, private sector)– Africa (eg. international level: Poznan, UN)– Treating Africa as one (continent-to-continent approach)– EU test case for policy coherence, aid effectiveness, division of labour

How does it relate to Cotonou? Institutional framework

Treaty

EC/Cotonou/ENP – ESDP – others EU/3rd pilar

Multiannual programming

Policy coherence for development

European Consensus

PoliticalDialogue

Africa-EU Strategic Partnership

Thematic Africa-EU partnerships

1. Peace & Security

2. Democratic Governance and Human Rights

3. Trade, Regional integration & Infrastructure

4. MDGs

5. Energy

6. Climate Change

7. Migration, Mobility & Employment

8. Science, Information Society & Space

1. Peace & Security

2. Democratic Governance and Human Rights

3. Trade, Regional integration & Infrastructure

4. MDGs

5. Energy

6. Climate Change

7. Migration, Mobility & Employment

8. Science, Information Society & Space

Summit

Ministerial Troika(s)

(MFA + ad hoc sectoral)

Senior Officials

(EU-Troika + AU extended Troika)

Joint Experts Groups (JEGs)

AUC,

AU MS, RECs

Joint report

Annual progress review

Political guidance

Political dialogue, review, monitoring

Expertise

Institutional architecture with multiple actors

every 3 years

2 x / year

8 JEGs, 1 per Partnership

EU impl.team(EC,GSC,MS)

Civil Society,

Int’l. partners

8 EU ITs, 1 per

Partnership

EESC-ECOSOCC

AU-EU civil society

EP-PAP

Inputs

(implementation engine & coordination body)


– New context

• Partnership on peace and security

– Objectives:» Enhance dialogue on challenges to peace & security» Full operationalisation of the Africa P&S Architecture (APSA)» Predictable funding for Africa-led peace support operations

– The African Peace Facility 10th EDF (2008-2010) € 300M – major deliverable of the Partnership

– New context

• Partnership on peace and security

– Objectives:» Enhance dialogue on challenges to peace & security» Full operationalisation of the Africa P&S Architecture (APSA)» Predictable funding for Africa-led peace support operations

– The African Peace Facility 10th EDF (2008-2010) € 300M – major deliverable of the Partnership


– New context

• Further development of APSA– Establishment of APSA structures at the continental and regional

levels:» AU Peace and Security Council,» the Panel of the Wise, » the Continental Early Warning System (CEWS) » the African Standby Force (ASF)

– Regional Economic Communities/Regional Mechanisms (RECs/RMs) - building blocks of the APSA

– New context

• Further development of APSA– Establishment of APSA structures at the continental and regional

levels:» AU Peace and Security Council,» the Panel of the Wise, » the Continental Early Warning System (CEWS) » the African Standby Force (ASF)

– Regional Economic Communities/Regional Mechanisms (RECs/RMs) - building blocks of the APSA


– Preparation of the APF 10th EDF

• In-depth consultation process with the African side- AU and RECs/RMs

• Based on the lessons learned and joint recommendations– Seminar in Djibouti, November 2007– Joint Coordination Committee of February 2008– Consultation process in the Council, adoption in December

2008

• Fully integrated into the new context- Joint Strategy and Partnership on Peace and Security

– Preparation of the APF 10th EDF

• In-depth consultation process with the African side- AU and RECs/RMs

• Based on the lessons learned and joint recommendations– Seminar in Djibouti, November 2007– Joint Coordination Committee of February 2008– Consultation process in the Council, adoption in December

2008

• Fully integrated into the new context- Joint Strategy and Partnership on Peace and Security


– Main orientations

• Financial muscle to support the Joint Partnership on Peace and Security

• Instrument to support all the three Priorities of the Partnership • Enlarged scope to ensure an integrated approach• Enhanced flexibility• Co-financing as a permanent feature

– Main orientations

• Financial muscle to support the Joint Partnership on Peace and Security

• Instrument to support all the three Priorities of the Partnership • Enlarged scope to ensure an integrated approach• Enhanced flexibility• Co-financing as a permanent feature


– Programming – Programming

Heading Component Allocation (3 years)

1 Operationalisation of APSA and Africa-EU dialogue

€ 65M

2 Peace Support Operations € 200M

3 Early Response Mechanism € 15M

4 Audit, monitoring, evaluation, technical assistance, lessons learned and visibility

€ 7M

5 Contingencies € 13M

Total € 300M

strzaan

- Programming based on the Joint Partnership on P&S that reflects jointly agreed priorities and objectives-Operationalisation of APSA and Africa-EU dialogue - priority n1 1 and 2 of the Partnership- Peace Support Operations- priority n° 3 (predictable funding)


– Early Response Mechanism

• Innovative feature of the APF

• Flexible and immediately available funding for urgent needs:

– Launch of an African-led mediation initiative– Preparation of a decision-making process and planning in view of an

African led peace operation

– Early Response Mechanism

• Innovative feature of the APF

• Flexible and immediately available funding for urgent needs:

– Launch of an African-led mediation initiative– Preparation of a decision-making process and planning in view of an

African led peace operation


– Beneficiaries

• African Union• African sub-regional organisations • Relevant institutions/national structures within or related to the

African Peace and Security Architecture

– Beneficiaries

• African Union• African sub-regional organisations • Relevant institutions/national structures within or related to the

African Peace and Security Architecture


– Decision making process

• Two procedures:– standard procedure for non-urgent interventions– accelerated procedure for urgent interventions

• Choice of the procedure: COM proposal, "last word" for the Council

• Specific provisions for "small" operations (up to €10M) • Specific feature: Decision by COM with consultation and political

appropriateness decision by the Council

– Decision making process

• Two procedures:– standard procedure for non-urgent interventions– accelerated procedure for urgent interventions

• Choice of the procedure: COM proposal, "last word" for the Council

• Specific provisions for "small" operations (up to €10M) • Specific feature: Decision by COM with consultation and political

appropriateness decision by the Council


– Eligibility/ DAC-ability

• Eligible costs : Non-lethal. Everything except weapons, ammunition, military equipment, basic military salaries

– Examples : Allowances, medical, transport, valions…– Consequence : complementary funding always required

• DAC’ability :

– APF 9’th EDF : non DAC’able– APF 10’th EDF : Most activities non DAC’able - but scope broadened– Commission to prepare annual report

– Eligibility/ DAC-ability

• Eligible costs : Non-lethal. Everything except weapons, ammunition, military equipment, basic military salaries

– Examples : Allowances, medical, transport, valions…– Consequence : complementary funding always required

• DAC’ability :

– APF 9’th EDF : non DAC’able– APF 10’th EDF : Most activities non DAC’able - but scope broadened– Commission to prepare annual report


– Coherence

• Internally within EU/EC instruments and initiatives: EDF (RIPs, NIPs, intra-ACP), Instrument for Stability, ESDP/II pillar

• EC/EU and Member States • Other partners (UN, US, Canada, …)

– Coherence

• Internally within EU/EC instruments and initiatives: EDF (RIPs, NIPs, intra-ACP), Instrument for Stability, ESDP/II pillar

• EC/EU and Member States • Other partners (UN, US, Canada, …)

Main features 1st APF (9th EDF) 2nd APF (10th EDF)

scope African-led peace support operations and relevant capacity

Conflict prevention, including mediationPeace support operationsPost-conflict stabilizationOperationalization of APSAAfrica-EU dialogue on challenges to peace and

security

beneficiaries AU and sub-regional organisations in Africa

AU and sub-regional organisations in AfricaRelevant institutions/national structures within or

related to the African Peace and Security Architecture.

allocation In total nearly €440M for 4,5 years, including AVCs

(almost €100M per year),

€300M for three years, without AVCs(almost €100M per year),

flexibility Decision making process of around 2-3 months

More flexible decision making process: introduction of an urgent procedure

Elary Response Mechanism to be mobilised almost immediately

co-financing AVCs- first case of co-financing under the 9th EDF

AVCs to become a permanent feature of the IInd APFOpen for contributions from other (non-EU) donors

1st and 2nd APF – comparative table

Further Information

• DEV:– Anna STRZASKA, Panafrican issues and

institutions, Peace and Security unit:[email protected]

• AIDCO:– Jens MOLLER, African Union and Peace Facility

unit: [email protected]

• DEV:– Anna STRZASKA, Panafrican issues and

institutions, Peace and Security unit:[email protected]

• AIDCO:– Jens MOLLER, African Union and Peace Facility

unit: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]




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