The Africa Infrastructure · 2014-04-04 · AfDB Chief Economist Complex The Africa Infrastructure...

This document has been prepared by Nirina Letsara, Statistician, ESTA.1, and Slaheddine Saidi, Consultant, under the supervision of Charles Leyeka Lufumpa, Direc-tor, ESTA. It benefited from remarks and valuable comments made by peer reviewers from ORMU De-partment.

FONDS AFRICAIN DE DEVELOPPEMEN

T

AFR

ICAN DEVELOPMENT FUND

BAN

QUE

A

FRICAINE DE DEVELOPPEMENT

AfDBChief Economist Complex

The Africa Infrastructure Development Index (AIDI)AIDI

May 2013www.afdb.org

1. Introduction

Infrastructure development is a key driver for progress across the African continent and a critical enabler for productivity and sustainable economic growth. It contributes significantly to human development, poverty reduction, and the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD) results show that investment in infrastructure accounts for more than 50 percent of the recent improvement in economic growth in Africa, and that it has the potential to achieve even more.

In spite of its enormous mineral and other natural resources, Africa has the lowest productivity of any region in the world, and this is largely attrib-utable to serious infrastructural shortcomings across all the subsectors: energy, water, sanitation, transportation, and communications technology. The international community at the G8 Summit of 2005 pledged significant support for the infra-structure sector. This was in recognition of the fact that Africa’s weak physical infrastructure base was impeding the region’s progress toward improved living standards, poverty reduction, domestic and international trade and investment, and socially inclusive GDP growth.

Recent research has also emphasized the cata-lytic effects of infrastructure development. The Commission on Growth and Development’s Growth Report: Strategies for Sustained Growth and Inclusive Development (2008) highlighted infrastructure investment as crucial to both structural transformation and export diversifi-cation. Stern (1991) showed how adequate infra-structure is essential for productivity and growth, indicating that transport in particular is a driver of development. In the same vein, the findings of Anyanwu and Erhijakpor (2009) indicate that road infrastructure significantly reduces poverty in Africa. Recent studies by Canning and Pedroni (2008) and Égert, Kozluk, and Sutherland (2009)

also confirm the positive correlation between improved infrastructure and economic growth.

Despite robust economic growth rates of over 5 percent per annum over the past two years, the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Index 2012–2013 confirms that Africa remains the least competitive global region. Inadequate infrastructure is cited as the third most serious constraint to doing business in the continent, after access to finance and corruption. This demon-strates the close linkage between infrastructure and the region’s competitiveness. Moreover, the Africa Progress Panel, composed of such distinguished members as Kofi Annan, Michel Camdessus and Peter Eigen, has ranked infrastructure develop-ment as a key priority for the advancement of the continent, and has urged the G20 leadership to continue to give it their highest support.

It is against this background that the AfDB devel-oped the Africa Infrastructure Development Index (AIDI) to monitor the status and progress of infrastructure development across the conti-nent. The first edition of this index was published in April 2011 and the present bulletin extends its coverage. The Infrastructure Index has now been updated and expanded to cover the period 2000–2010. This series of observations was based on data collected under the Africa Infrastructure Knowledge Program (AIKP), which is hosted by the African Development Bank (see http://www.infrastructureafrica.org/), as well as on other data sources.

The AIDI is based on four major components: (i) Transport; (ii) Electricity, (iii) ICT, and (iv) Water & Sanitation. These components are dis-aggregated into 9 indicators that have a direct or indirect impact on productivity and economic growth (see table below). Results for these indi-cators for 2000-2010 are provided at the end of this brief.

A f r i c a n D e v e l o p m e n t B a n k

Table of Contents

1. Introduction 1

2. Why do we need an Infrastructure Development Index? 4

3. Methodology 5

4. Main Results 54.1 Country by Country Analysis 54.2 Subregional Analysis 10

5. Conclusion 12

References 12

Layout and production by Phoenix Design Aid A/S, Denmark

Mthuli NcubeChief Economist & Vice President (ECON)[email protected]+216 7110 2062

Charles Leyeka LufumpaDirector, Statistics Department (ESTA)[email protected]+216 7110 2175`

Victor MurindeDirector, African Development Institute (EADI)[email protected]+216 7110 2075

Steve Kayizzi-MugerwaDirector, Development Research Department (EDRE)[email protected]+216 7110 2064

AfDB African Development Bank

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The Africa Infrastructure Development Index (AIDI)

AIDI Components and Indicators

Composite Index/indica-

tor for each Component Indicator(s) subindicators

I. Tr

ansp

ort

Co

mp

osi

te In

dex

I.a Total Paved Roads (km per 10,000 inhabitants):

The country’s total surface with crushed stone (macadam)

and hydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents, with con-

crete, or with cobblestones. The indicator is measured in km

per 10,000 inhabitants as a proxy of access to the road paved

network.

I.b Total Road Network in Km (per km2 of exploitable land

area):

- The total road surface (both paved and non-paved roads)

of a given country. The indicator is measured in km (per km2

of exploitable land area).

- Exploitable land area is the total surface area of a country

minus the surface area of deserts, forest, mountains and

other inaccessible areas.

II. E

lect

rici

ty

Ind

ex: N

et

Gen

erat

ion

(kW

h p

er

inh

abit

ant)

The total electricity production of a given country, including

the energy imported from abroad. This includes both private

and public energy generated. The indicator is measured

in millions of kilowatt-hours produced per hour and per

inhabitant.

III. I

CT

Co

mp

osi

te

Ind

ex (I

CT

)

III.a Total Phone Subscriptions (per 100 inhabitants) :

The total number of phone subscriptions in a country, both

fixed telephone lines and mobile cellular telephone sub-

scriptions, in a given year. For the purpose of the AIDI, the

indicator is per 100 inhabitants.

III.a.1 Fixed-line Telephone Subscriptions (%

population):

Active line connecting the subscriber’s terminal

equipment to the Public Switched Telephone

Network (PSTN) and which has a dedicated port in

the telephone exchange equipment.

III.a.2 Mobile-cellular Subscriptions (%

population) :

Refers to the subscriptions to a public mobile tele-

phone service, which provide access to the Public

Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) using cellular

technology. This indicator includes the number

of pre-paid SIM cards active during the past three

months. This indicator includes both analogue and

digital cellular systems IMT-2000 (Third Generation.

3G) and 4G subscriptions.

III.b Number of Internet Users (per 100 inhabitants):

The estimated number of Internet users in the total popula-

tion. This includes those using the Internet from any device

(including mobile phones) in the last 12 months. For the

purpose of the AIDI, the indicator is per 100 inhabitants.

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AIDI . May 2013The Africa Infrastructure Development Index (AIDI) AfDB

Composite Index/indica-

tor for each Component Indicator(s) subindicators

III.c Fixed (wired) Broadband Internet Subscribers (per 100

inhabitants):

Total Internet subscriptions using fixed (wired) broadband

technologies to access the Internet. Subscriptions that have

access to data communications (including the Internet) via

mobile cellular networks are excluded. For the purpose of

the AIDI, the indicator is reported per 100 inhabitants.

III.d. International Internet Bandwidth (Mbps):

Total capacity of international Internet bandwidth in mega-

bits per second (Mbps). If capacity is asymmetric (i.e. more

incoming than outgoing), the incoming capacity should

be provided. This is measured as the sum of capacity of all

Internet exchanges offering international bandwidth.

IV. W

ater

& S

anit

atio

n C

om

po

site

Ind

ex (W

SS)

IV.a. Improved Water Source (% of population with access):

Access to an improved water source refers to the percentage

of the population with reasonable access to an adequate

amount of water from an improved source, such as a house-

hold connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected well

or spring, and rainwater collection. Unimproved sources

include vendors, tanker trucks, and unprotected wells and

springs. Reasonable access is defined as the availability of at

least 20 liters a person per day from a source within 1 km of

the dwelling

IV.b Improved sanitation facilities (% of population with

access):

Access to improved sanitation facilities refers to the per-

centage of the population with at least adequate access to

excreta disposal facilities that can effectively prevent human,

animal, and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities

range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush toilets

with a sewerage connection. To be effective, facilities must

be correctly constructed and properly maintained.

In the next section we look at the main objectives of the AIDI in terms of inform-ing policy-making and the monitoring and

evaluation of infrastructure development in African countries over time.


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2. Why do we need an Infrastructure Development Index?

The Africa Infrastructure Development Index (AIDI) provides consolidated and comparative information on the status and progress of infrastructure development in African countries. The index is designed to serve as a tool for analysts, policy-makers, and investors alike. It provides an accurate and up-to-date picture of the current state of African infrastructure development by comparing the scores and rankings for various indicators across countries. In so doing, it sheds light on which countries are performing more strongly across the five infrastructure indicators, which is a good indication of their future economic prospects.

The AIDI has another equally important function. It helps to inform policy and

investment decisions regarding the vari-ous infrastructure components in a coun-try, by identifying those subsectors where funding needs are most acute. Africa cur-rently spends about $45 billion each year on infrastructure, two-thirds of which is domestically financed from taxes and user charges. Most financing for capital invest-ment is obtained from external sources. It is therefore vital that governments and external investors alike have a mechanism to ensure that their investments are yield-ing positive results on the ground and pro-viding the best returns. In this way, the AIDI assists in evidence-based planning, to strengthen national budgetary decisions and allocations on the part of governments. It is also a useful tool to identify investment opportunities (e.g. clean energy solutions;

communications networks) for external investors.

The AIDI also fulfills a critical need in terms of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) for benchmarking purposes (including for the MDGs) and to gauge the impact of ongoing infrastructural investments and interventions. By focusing on real and measurable impacts on development, the AIDI aligns to the principles of the Results Agenda, as enshrined in the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (2005) and the Accra Agenda for Action (2008), to which the AfDB is a signatory.

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3. Methodology

Data for the four components of the AIDI are collected from various sources. Each component represents a different facet of infrastructure development. The following four steps are used in calculating the index:

Step 1: Normalization Procedure. Since the components of the AIDI are originally measured in different units, the observa-tions are “standardized” or “normalized” to permit averaging, with the average regarded as a composite index. The normalization procedure used is the min–max formula applied to all observed values of each component during the period 2000–2010. This procedure adjusts the “normalized

component” to take values between 0 and 100 over the indicated period.

Step 2: Calculate a Composite Index for each Component. The composite index is calculated as a weighted average of indica-tors for each component that comprise more than one indicator. The weights are based on the inverse of the standard deviation of each normalized component: yt= (σtot/σx)*xt; where σtot is given by 1/σtot=Σx (1/σx) and σx

is the standard deviation of the normalized component x. The rationale for step 2 is to reduce the impact of the most volatile components on the composite index and consequently the volatility of the rankings.

Step 3: Generate the AIDI Composite Index: The AIDI composite Index is com-puted using the sub-indexes of the four components and using the same method described in step 2.

Step 4: Generate the Subregional AIDI. Indices by subregion are calculated as a weighted average of the normalized com-ponents of the countries within the sub-region. The weighting variables selected are as follows: population size is used for Electricity, Water, Sanitation and ICT sub-scriptions (phone & internet), while the road network size is used for paved roads.

4. Main Results

4.1 Country by Country Analysis The results (scores and ranks) of the Africa Infrastructure Development Index and its components are presented in Figure 1 and Table 1 for 2010 and 2000–2010 respec-tively. The top ten ranked countries of the AIDI in 2010 were Seychelles, South Africa, Egypt, Libya, Mauritius, Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Cape Verde, and Botswana. Of these, five countries are in North Africa and three are Small Island countries where tourism constitutes an important sector of their economies. They have therefore tradi-tionally focused on improving infrastruc-ture to attract visitors. The bottom 10 coun-tries of AIDI in 2010 were Somalia, Niger, Ethiopia, Chad, Madagascar, Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, and Mali. One shared character-istic of the bottom 10 countries is that they are mostly fragile states, recently involved in some form of conflict.

Figure 1. Africa Infrastructure Development Index, Country Scores for 2010

SeychellesSouth Africa

Egypt, Arab Rep.Libya

MauritiusTunisia

MoroccoAlgeria

Cape VerdeBotswana

NamibiaGabon

Sao Tome and PríncipeZimbabwe

Gambia, TheDjibouti

SwazilandSenegal

GhanaComoros

ZambiaRwanda

KenyaUganda

Cote d’IvoireNigeria

Equatorial GuineaCameroon

MalawiBurkina Faso

LesothoAngola

BurundiBeninSudan

Congo, Rep.Mauritania

GuineaLiberia

TogoGuinea-Bissau

Central African RepublicMozambique

MaliTanzania

Sierra LeoneEritrea

Congo, Dem. Rep.Madagascar

ChadEthiopia

NigerSomalia

0 20 40 60 80 100


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Table 1a: Africa Infrastructure Development Index, Country Scores and Rankings, 2007–2010

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Rank Country 2007 Rank Country 2008 Rank Country 2009 Rank Country 20101 Sey chelles 73.85 1 Sey chelles 73.82 1 Sey chelles 77.99 1 Sey chelles 84.41 2 Liby a 58.63 2 Liby a 64.40 2 Egy pt, Arab Rep. 70.18 2 South Africa 78.97 3 Egy pt, Arab Rep. 56.57 3 Egy pt, Arab Rep. 61.78 3 Liby a 68.96 3 Egy pt, Arab Rep. 77.67 4 South Africa 55.15 4 Mauritius 58.92 4 Mauritius 63.17 4 Liby a 71.37 5 Mauritius 54.02 5 South Africa 55.96 5 South Africa 59.02 5 Mauritius 67.01 6 Tunisia 37.71 6 Tunisia 44.68 6 Tunisia 52.35 6 Tunisia 59.51 7 Algeria 36.29 7 Algeria 38.57 7 Morocco 45.06 7 Morocco 51.81 8 Morocco 35.35 8 Morocco 38.47 8 Algeria 43.69 8 Algeria 47.78 9 Cape Verde 33.06 9 Cape Verde 37.45 9 Cape Verde 40.45 9 Cape Verde 44.11

10 Botsw ana 30.61 10 Botsw ana 31.89 10 Botsw ana 32.59 10 Botsw ana 33.50 11 Namibia 27.30 11 Namibia 28.88 11 Namibia 26.05 11 Namibia 27.83 12 Gabon 24.14 12 Gabon 24.85 12 Gabon 25.27 12 Gabon 25.90 13 Gambia, The 22.29 13 Gambia, The 23.64 13 Gambia, The 24.06 13 Sao Tome and Principe 24.75 14 Zimbabw e 22.07 14 Sao Tome and Principe 22.65 14 Sao Tome and Principe 23.23 14 Zimbabw e 24.72 15 Sao Tome and Principe 21.77 15 Zimbabw e 21.81 15 Zimbabw e 22.94 15 Gambia, The 24.71 16 Djibouti 20.41 16 Djibouti 21.10 16 Djibouti 22.15 16 Djibouti 23.45 17 Comoros 20.02 17 Comoros 20.26 17 Sw aziland 20.96 17 Sw aziland 22.30 18 Sw aziland 17.89 18 Ghana 19.37 18 Comoros 20.47 18 Senegal 21.66 19 Zambia 17.57 19 Sw aziland 19.34 19 Senegal 20.30 19 Ghana 21.11 20 Senegal 16.63 20 Zambia 18.07 20 Ghana 19.58 20 Comoros 20.95 21 Rw anda 15.90 21 Senegal 18.04 21 Zambia 18.86 21 Zambia 20.13 22 Cote d'Iv oire 15.32 22 Rw anda 16.78 22 Rw anda 18.07 22 Rw anda 18.65 23 Cameroon 15.02 23 Cote d'Iv oire 16.09 23 Cote d'Iv oire 17.00 23 Keny a 18.43 24 Ghana 14.70 24 Cameroon 15.74 24 Cameroon 16.58 24 Uganda 17.88 25 Equatorial Guinea 14.55 25 Uganda 15.19 25 Keny a 16.23 25 Cote d'Iv oire 17.75 26 Malaw i 14.33 26 Malaw i 14.81 26 Uganda 16.04 26 Nigeria 17.58 27 Burundi 14.02 27 Equatorial Guinea 14.75 27 Nigeria 15.94 27 Equatorial Guinea 17.30 28 Lesotho 13.96 28 Nigeria 14.69 28 Malaw i 15.42 28 Cameroon 16.79 29 Uganda 13.42 29 Lesotho 14.40 29 Equatorial Guinea 14.90 29 Malaw i 16.45 30 Burkina Faso 12.72 30 Burundi 14.15 30 Lesotho 14.42 30 Burkina Faso 15.33 31 Keny a 12.10 31 Burkina Faso 13.56 31 Burundi 14.38 31 Lesotho 15.11 32 Nigeria 11.96 32 Keny a 12.98 32 Burkina Faso 14.25 32 Angola 14.99 33 Angola 11.50 33 Angola 12.58 33 Angola 13.75 33 Burundi 14.57 34 Guinea 11.01 34 Guinea 11.64 34 Benin 12.29 34 Benin 13.72 35 Benin 10.32 35 Mauritania 11.35 35 Guinea 12.23 35 Sudan 13.21 36 Congo, Rep. 10.19 36 Benin 11.31 36 Mauritania 11.61 36 Congo, Rep. 13.12 37 Sudan 9.89 37 Sudan 10.90 37 Congo, Rep. 11.29 37 Mauritania 12.53 38 Mauritania 9.76 38 Congo, Rep. 10.82 38 Sudan 11.20 38 Guinea 12.43 39 Liberia 9.19 39 Guinea-Bissau 10.03 39 Togo 10.50 39 Liberia 11.18 40 Togo 9.16 40 Liberia 9.63 40 Guinea-Bissau 10.30 40 Togo 10.80 41 Central African Republic 9.06 41 Togo 9.62 41 Central African Republic 10.19 41 Guinea-Bissau 10.61 42 Guinea-Bissau 9.01 42 Central African Republic 9.59 42 Liberia 10.07 42 Central African Republic 10.52 43 Mozambique 8.60 43 Mozambique 8.95 43 Mozambique 9.86 43 Mozambique 10.45 44 Mali 7.49 44 Tanzania 8.42 44 Tanzania 9.37 44 Mali 10.29 45 Tanzania 7.45 45 Mali 8.39 45 Mali 9.17 45 Tanzania 10.21 46 Eritrea 6.44 46 Eritrea 6.91 46 Eritrea 7.11 46 Sierra Leone 7.55 47 Sierra Leone 6.01 47 Congo, Dem. Rep. 6.46 47 Sierra Leone 6.61 47 Eritrea 7.25 48 Congo, Dem. Rep. 5.96 48 Sierra Leone 6.33 48 Congo, Dem. Rep. 6.56 48 Congo, Dem. Rep. 6.81 49 Madagascar 4.83 49 Madagascar 5.79 49 Madagascar 6.34 49 Madagascar 6.60 50 Chad 4.18 50 Chad 4.78 50 Chad 5.28 50 Chad 5.46 51 Niger 3.82 51 Niger 4.48 51 Niger 4.69 51 Ethiopia 5.37 52 Ethiopia 3.55 52 Ethiopia 3.91 52 Ethiopia 4.62 52 Niger 5.04 53 Somalia 2.68 53 Somalia 2.68 53 Somalia 2.81 53 Somalia 2.79

Table 1.a. : Africa Infrastructure Development Index, Country Scores and Rankings, 2007-2010

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Table 1b: Africa Infrastructure Development Index, Country Scores and Rankings, 2003–2006

9

Rank Country 2003 Rank Country 2004 Rank Country 2005 Rank Country 20061 Sey chelles 56.29 1 Sey chelles 59.78 1 Sey chelles 63.54 1 Sey chelles 70.52 2 Liby a 51.64 2 Liby a 52.54 2 Liby a 54.95 2 Liby a 57.51 3 South Africa 48.58 3 South Africa 50.51 3 South Africa 51.70 3 South Africa 53.84 4 Mauritius 46.19 4 Mauritius 47.26 4 Egy pt, Arab Rep. 51.19 4 Mauritius 53.25 5 Egy pt, Arab Rep. 45.90 5 Egy pt, Arab Rep. 46.82 5 Mauritius 48.75 5 Egy pt, Arab Rep. 53.14 6 Tunisia 29.68 6 Tunisia 31.50 6 Tunisia 33.52 6 Tunisia 35.61 7 Algeria 28.96 7 Algeria 30.43 7 Algeria 32.73 7 Algeria 34.31 8 Botsw ana 28.58 8 Botsw ana 28.21 8 Botsw ana 28.98 8 Cape Verde 32.24 9 Cape Verde 26.81 9 Cape Verde 27.82 9 Cape Verde 28.59 9 Morocco 31.54

10 Namibia 25.11 10 Namibia 25.72 10 Morocco 28.15 10 Botsw ana 29.75 11 Morocco 21.64 11 Morocco 24.44 11 Namibia 26.29 11 Namibia 26.76 12 Zimbabw e 20.73 12 Zimbabw e 21.21 12 Gabon 21.91 12 Gabon 22.92 13 Gabon 19.97 13 Gabon 20.75 13 Zimbabw e 21.85 13 Zimbabw e 21.45 14 Djibouti 19.28 14 Sao Tome and Principe 19.89 14 Sao Tome and Principe 20.32 14 Gambia, The 20.95 15 Gambia, The 19.11 15 Djibouti 19.45 15 Gambia, The 19.95 15 Sao Tome and Principe 20.89 16 Sao Tome and Principe 18.67 16 Gambia, The 19.38 16 Djibouti 19.74 16 Djibouti 19.84 17 Comoros 18.64 17 Comoros 19.05 17 Comoros 19.57 17 Comoros 19.82 18 Zambia 15.25 18 Zambia 15.65 18 Sw aziland 16.32 18 Zambia 17.04 19 Sw aziland 14.90 19 Sw aziland 15.41 19 Zambia 16.31 19 Sw aziland 16.94 20 Burundi 14.35 20 Rw anda 14.98 20 Rw anda 15.15 20 Senegal 15.47 21 Rw anda 13.95 21 Burundi 13.87 21 Senegal 14.31 21 Rw anda 15.42 22 Equatorial Guinea 13.48 22 Equatorial Guinea 13.71 22 Equatorial Guinea 14.10 22 Cote d'Iv oire 14.36 23 Lesotho 13.35 23 Lesotho 13.56 23 Burundi 13.94 23 Cameroon 14.35 24 Cote d'Iv oire 13.22 24 Senegal 13.55 24 Cameroon 13.77 24 Equatorial Guinea 14.29 25 Cameroon 12.86 25 Cameroon 13.51 25 Cote d'Iv oire 13.75 25 Ghana 14.20 26 Senegal 12.55 26 Cote d'Iv oire 13.43 26 Lesotho 13.75 26 Burundi 13.97 27 Malaw i 12.50 27 Malaw i 12.86 27 Malaw i 13.32 27 Malaw i 13.78 28 Burkina Faso 12.44 28 Ghana 12.22 28 Ghana 12.96 28 Lesotho 13.68 29 Uganda 11.33 29 Uganda 11.58 29 Uganda 12.07 29 Uganda 12.50 30 Ghana 11.29 30 Burkina Faso 11.26 30 Burkina Faso 11.64 30 Burkina Faso 12.07 31 Guinea 9.38 31 Nigeria 9.78 31 Nigeria 10.55 31 Keny a 11.49 32 Nigeria 9.17 32 Guinea 9.59 32 Keny a 9.91 32 Nigeria 11.25 33 Congo, Rep. 9.15 33 Keny a 9.42 33 Guinea 9.70 33 Angola 10.41 34 Keny a 8.96 34 Congo, Rep. 9.07 34 Angola 9.41 34 Congo, Rep. 9.85 35 Benin 8.82 35 Benin 8.68 35 Congo, Rep. 9.32 35 Guinea 9.85 36 Angola 8.17 36 Angola 8.54 36 Benin 8.92 36 Benin 9.53 37 Central African Republic 8.00 37 Central African Republic 8.33 37 Central African Republic 8.49 37 Sudan 9.16 38 Sudan 7.36 38 Liberia 7.60 38 Liberia 8.08 38 Central African Republic 8.87 39 Liberia 7.29 39 Guinea-Bissau 7.39 39 Mauritania 7.83 39 Mauritania 8.76 40 Togo 7.20 40 Sudan 7.35 40 Guinea-Bissau 7.83 40 Guinea-Bissau 8.41 41 Guinea-Bissau 7.04 41 Mauritania 7.34 41 Togo 7.58 41 Liberia 8.37 42 Mauritania 6.69 42 Togo 7.32 42 Sudan 7.52 42 Mozambique 8.01 43 Mozambique 6.49 43 Mozambique 6.82 43 Mozambique 7.48 43 Togo 7.86 44 Eritrea 5.58 44 Eritrea 6.07 44 Tanzania 6.40 44 Tanzania 6.97 45 Tanzania 5.27 45 Mali 5.66 45 Eritrea 6.19 45 Mali 6.77 46 Sierra Leone 5.16 46 Tanzania 5.39 46 Mali 6.12 46 Eritrea 6.35 47 Mali 4.89 47 Sierra Leone 5.27 47 Sierra Leone 5.34 47 Congo, Dem. Rep. 5.44 48 Congo, Dem. Rep. 4.48 48 Congo, Dem. Rep. 4.81 48 Congo, Dem. Rep. 5.06 48 Sierra Leone 5.22 49 Madagascar 3.62 49 Madagascar 3.81 49 Madagascar 4.09 49 Madagascar 4.39 50 Chad 3.21 50 Chad 3.25 50 Chad 3.63 50 Chad 3.93 51 Niger 2.92 51 Niger 3.15 51 Niger 3.45 51 Niger 3.65 52 Somalia 1.69 52 Somalia 2.11 52 Ethiopia 2.43 52 Ethiopia 2.99 53 Ethiopia 1.56 53 Ethiopia 1.96 53 Somalia 2.25 53 Somalia 2.51

Table 1.b.: Africa Infrastructure Development Index, Country Scores and Rankings, 2003-2006


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Table 1c: Africa Infrastructure Development Index, Country Scores and Rankings, 2000–2002

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Rank Country 2000 Rank Country 2001 Rank Country 20021 Liby a 49.73 1 Liby a 49.76 1 Sey chelles 50.86 2 Sey chelles 47.43 2 Sey chelles 48.93 2 Liby a 50.86 3 South Africa 46.07 3 South Africa 45.88 3 South Africa 46.78 4 Egy pt, Arab Rep. 43.13 4 Egy pt, Arab Rep. 43.72 4 Egy pt, Arab Rep. 45.08 5 Mauritius 42.10 5 Mauritius 43.29 5 Mauritius 44.51 6 Algeria 28.18 6 Algeria 28.15 6 Algeria 28.55 7 Tunisia 26.78 7 Tunisia 27.73 7 Botsw ana 28.45 8 Cape Verde 24.90 8 Cape Verde 25.58 8 Tunisia 28.37 9 Botsw ana 24.73 9 Botsw ana 25.18 9 Cape Verde 26.35

10 Namibia 24.71 10 Namibia 24.81 10 Namibia 24.70 11 Zimbabw e 22.48 11 Zimbabw e 22.99 11 Morocco 20.80 12 Djibouti 19.42 12 Morocco 19.88 12 Zimbabw e 20.15 13 Morocco 19.08 13 Djibouti 19.39 13 Gabon 19.71 14 Gabon 18.67 14 Gabon 19.07 14 Djibouti 19.40 15 Comoros 17.98 15 Comoros 18.15 15 Comoros 18.49 16 Sao Tome and Principe 16.75 16 Sao Tome and Principe 17.16 16 Sao Tome and Principe 17.91 17 Gambia, The 16.64 17 Gambia, The 17.07 17 Gambia, The 17.59 18 Zambia 14.42 18 Zambia 15.03 18 Zambia 15.03 19 Burundi 14.21 19 Burundi 14.24 19 Sw aziland 14.78 20 Rw anda 13.56 20 Rw anda 13.69 20 Burundi 14.21 21 Sw aziland 13.22 21 Sw aziland 13.63 21 Rw anda 13.96 22 Lesotho 12.83 22 Cote d'Iv oire 13.03 22 Equatorial Guinea 13.25 23 Equatorial Guinea 12.82 23 Equatorial Guinea 13.02 23 Cote d'Iv oire 13.21 24 Cote d'Iv oire 12.79 24 Lesotho 12.89 24 Lesotho 13.16 25 Cameroon 11.97 25 Cameroon 12.20 25 Cameroon 12.48 26 Senegal 11.52 26 Senegal 12.02 26 Malaw i 12.24 27 Malaw i 11.51 27 Malaw i 11.78 27 Senegal 12.16 28 Burkina Faso 11.36 28 Burkina Faso 11.73 28 Burkina Faso 12.00 29 Ghana 10.71 29 Uganda 10.71 29 Uganda 11.03 30 Uganda 10.47 30 Ghana 10.68 30 Ghana 10.87 31 Congo, Rep. 8.68 31 Congo, Rep. 8.97 31 Nigeria 9.24 32 Nigeria 8.61 32 Nigeria 8.78 32 Congo, Rep. 9.15 33 Benin 8.25 33 Benin 8.53 33 Guinea 8.87 34 Guinea 8.14 34 Guinea 8.51 34 Benin 8.77 35 Keny a 7.89 35 Keny a 8.18 35 Keny a 8.53 36 Sudan 7.30 36 Angola 7.55 36 Angola 7.96 37 Angola 7.30 37 Central African Republic 7.51 37 Central African Republic 7.76 38 Central African Republic 7.30 38 Sudan 7.12 38 Sudan 7.24 39 Liberia 6.74 39 Liberia 6.88 39 Liberia 7.02 40 Togo 6.71 40 Togo 6.84 40 Togo 6.93 41 Mozambique 5.88 41 Mozambique 6.43 41 Mozambique 6.84 42 Guinea-Bissau 5.31 42 Mauritania 5.69 42 Guinea-Bissau 6.60 43 Mauritania 5.18 43 Guinea-Bissau 5.61 43 Mauritania 6.39 44 Tanzania 5.17 44 Tanzania 5.23 44 Eritrea 5.33 45 Eritrea 4.76 45 Eritrea 5.02 45 Tanzania 5.27 46 Sierra Leone 4.51 46 Sierra Leone 4.72 46 Sierra Leone 4.90 47 Congo, Dem. Rep. 4.02 47 Congo, Dem. Rep. 4.12 47 Mali 4.50 48 Mali 3.94 48 Mali 4.10 48 Congo, Dem. Rep. 4.27 49 Madagascar 3.14 49 Madagascar 3.32 49 Madagascar 3.46 50 Chad 2.73 50 Chad 2.89 50 Chad 3.02 51 Niger 2.23 51 Niger 2.36 51 Niger 2.82 52 Somalia 1.24 52 Somalia 1.25 52 Somalia 1.55 53 Ethiopia 0.37 53 Ethiopia 0.65 53 Ethiopia 1.12

Table 1.c.: Africa Infrastructure Development Index, Country Scores and Rankings, 2000-2002

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Ranking and score changes over the period 2000–2010Although they were among the bottom 10 countries in both 2000 and 2010, Mali and Tanzania significantly improved their scores and rankings over this period, as a result of a enhancements in ICT (mainly increased telephone subscription cover-age and a improved international internet bandwidth), better access to water and sanitation, and increased construction of paved roads in the case of Mali. In general, all countries have improved their scores over time but at different rates. Countries that lagged behind, such as Somalia, Niger, Ethiopia, Chad and Madagascar, have reg-istered slower improvement in comparison with the other countries.

The middle 33 countries showed wide var-iation in their rankings over the period 2000–2010. It is important to note that although some countries moved downward in the rankings, almost all improved their scores compared to previous years. Thus, the ranking is only an indication that some

countries improved their scores at a faster rate than others. Three notable high per-formers are:

» Kenya moved from 35th to 23th position and improved its score from 7.89 in 2000 to 18.43 in 2010;

» Ghana improved its score from 10.71 in 2000 to 21.11 in 2010 and moved up eight ranks from 29th to 19th; and

» Senegal moved up eight ranks from 26th to 18th position and improved its score from 11.52 to 21.66.

All these improvements in ranking are due primarily to developments in the ICT sector, mainly expansions in telephone sub-scription coverage and increased internet users from 2000 to 2010. Ghana improved also significantly its score and its ranking for the transport indicators.

Burundi and Lesotho dropped by four-teen and nine positions respectively. In

Lesotho, apart from the ICT sector, which recorded a slight improvement in the score, all the other sectors showed a decline both in scores and rankings. For Burundi, the decline is due to the slow growth in the ICT sector accompanied by a lack of progress in access to improved water and sanitation, as well as a slight decline in transport indica-tor performance. Also, power generation remains unchanged for Burundi.

For the top 10 countries, the rankings changed little over time. There were two exceptions: Morocco moved up from thir-teenth place in 2000 to seventh in 2010, while Libya dropped from the first place in 2000 to fourth in 2010. Morocco’s pro-gress is mostly attributable to greater access to improved water & sanitation and bet-ter ICT indicators. Libya’s decline comes mainly from deterioration in the transport sector and, to a lesser extent, from poor progress in access to improved water and sanitation.

Figure 2: AIDI – Improving Scores, even for the Ten Lowest Ranked Countries from 2000–2010

-

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Mali Tanzania Sierra Leone

Eritrea Congo, Dem. Rep. Madagascar

Chad Ethiopia Niger

Somalia


10



4.2 Subregional analysis According to the Bank’s terminology, the continent comprises five geographical sub-regions: Central Africa with 7 countries and a total population of over 107 million people; East Africa with 12 countries and more than 280 million population; North Africa with 6 countries and a total popu-lation of 170 million; Southern Africa with

12 countries and 165 million inhabitants; and West Africa with 16 countries and more than 300 million inhabitants.

The AIDI gives a fairly stable ranking for the subregions throughout the period of analysis, with North Africa occupying the top position, followed by Southern Africa ranked second. Central Africa held the

third position from 2000 through to 2009 but then lost one place to West Africa in 2010 (see Table 2). East Africa has main-tained its bottom position over the whole period. It should be noted that West and East Africa include a high number of low-income countries and fragile states.

Figure 3: Overall Progress but Changes in the Rankings for the Top Ten Countries, 2000-2010

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10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Seychelles South Africa Egypt, Arab Rep. Libya

Mauritius Tunisia Morocco Algeria

Cape Verde Botswana Namibia

11



Table 2: Africa Infrastructure Development index, Region Scores and Rankings, 2000–2010

13

The AIDI gives a fairly stable ranking for the subregions throughout the period of analysis, with North Africa occupying the top position, followed by Southern Africa ranked second. Central Africa held the third position from 2000 through to 2009 but then lost one place to West Africa in 2010 (see Table 2). East Africa has maintained its bottom position over the whole period. It should be noted that West and East Africa include a high number of low-income countries and fragile states.

1 North Africa 33.64 1 North Africa 34.16 1 North Africa 35.19 1 North Africa 35.98

2 Southern Africa 22.80 2 Southern Africa 22.88 2 Southern Africa 23.02 2 Southern Africa 23.60

3 Central Africa 11.13 3 Central Africa 11.35 3 Central Africa 11.55 3 Central Africa 11.67

4 West Africa 8.72 4 West Africa 8.90 4 West Africa 9.27 4 West Africa 9.37

5 East Africa 5.57 5 East Africa 5.72 5 East Africa 6.01 5 East Africa 6.27

1 North Africa 37.46 1 North Africa 40.99 1 North Africa 43.18 1 North Africa 46.18

2 Southern Africa 24.33 2 Southern Africa 24.99 2 Southern Africa 25.89 2 Southern Africa 26.59

3 Central Africa 11.96 3 Central Africa 12.27 3 Central Africa 12.83 3 Central Africa 13.61

4 West Africa 9.82 4 West Africa 10.42 4 West Africa 11.08 4 West Africa 11.81

5 East Africa 6.56 5 East Africa 7.04 5 East Africa 7.87 5 East Africa 8.46

1 North Africa 50.46 1 North Africa 57.49 1 North Africa 63.80

2 Southern Africa 27.15 2 Southern Africa 28.50 2 Southern Africa 35.15

3 Central Africa 14.33 3 Central Africa 15.13 3 West Africa 16.26

4 West Africa 13.95 4 West Africa 14.94 4 Central Africa 15.70

5 East Africa 9.27 5 East Africa 10.33 5 East Africa 11.58

Table 2: Africa Infrastructure Development Index, Region Scores and Rankings, 2000-2010

2005 2006 2007

2008 2009 2010

2004

2000 2001 2002 2003

Figure 4: AIDI Subregional Scores, 2000–2010

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10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Central Africa East Africa North Africa Southern Africa West Africa


12



5. Conclusion

The Africa Infrastructure Development Index (AIDI) is measured across four com-ponents that have an established linkage with infrastructure development. The AIDI findings indicate that the rankings for the top 10 countries have not changed significantly over 2000-2010. The AIDI results can be interpreted to identify areas

of relative strength and weakness, and to assess which infrastructure components in a country need improvement in order to step up overall infrastructure development in the future. The index will be updated annually to incorporate new data, includ-ing those generated through the Bank’s Africa Infrastructure Knowledge Program

(AIKP). It is envisioned that other indi-cators of infrastructure development, to cover areas such as seaports and airports (for the Transport component), will be incorporated into the index as relevant data become available. This will improve both the robustness and scope of the index.

References

Anyanwu, J. C. and Erhijakpor, A. E. O. (2009), “The Impact of Road Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction in Africa.” In T. W. Beasley (ed.), Poverty in Africa. New York: Nova Science Publishers.

Canning, D. and Pedroni, P. (2008), “Infrastructure, Long-Run Economic Growth and Causality Tests for Cointegrated Panels,” Manchester School, Vol. 76 (5), pp. 504–527.

Commission on Growth and Development (2008), The Growth Report: Strategies for Sustained Growth and Inclusive Development. Washington, DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, World Bank.

Égert, B., Kozluk, T., and Sutherland, D. (2009), “Infrastructure and Growth: Empirical Evidence,” Working Paper 685. Paris: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Stern, N. (1991), “The Determinants of Growth,” Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 101 (404), pp. 122–133, January.

World Economic Forum (2012), The Global Competitiveness Report 2012–2013, New York: WEF.

13



1. Transport Composite index

16

I. Transport Composite Index2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Algeria 17.158 16.976 16.795 16.615 17.359 17.171 16.985 16.800 17.643 17.674 17.489

Angola 2.651 2.585 2.518 2.452 2.389 2.331 2.278 2.229 2.182 2.138 2.095

Benin 7.224 7.129 7.035 6.942 5.409 5.368 5.330 5.294 5.259 5.226 5.194

Botsw ana 17.208 16.965 26.105 26.906 24.397 25.000 24.682 24.354 24.028 23.717 23.430

Burkina Faso 17.357 17.177 17.000 16.827 12.410 12.367 12.325 12.283 12.243 12.204 12.166

Burundi 11.079 11.063 11.043 11.021 9.633 9.605 9.576 9.549 9.522 9.498 9.477

Cameroon 4.201 4.169 4.139 4.109 4.241 4.211 2.994 2.961 2.920 2.890 2.860

Cape Verde 28.268 28.067 27.877 27.703 27.546 27.408 27.289 27.186 27.094 27.006 26.916

Central African Republic 2.373 2.356 2.341 2.327 2.312 2.298 2.283 2.268 2.252 2.237 2.222

Chad 0.938 0.932 0.926 0.920 0.915 1.141 1.135 1.131 1.126 1.122 1.118

Comoros 17.312 17.145 16.981 16.820 16.663 16.510 16.361 16.216 16.075 15.940 15.810

Congo, Rep. 2.611 2.560 2.512 2.466 2.097 2.064 2.525 2.476 2.428 2.383 2.342

Congo, Dem. Rep. 1.648 1.640 1.631 1.623 1.573 1.565 1.557 1.550 1.544 1.537 1.531

Cote d'Iv oire 7.359 7.313 7.272 7.234 6.815 6.783 6.751 6.848 6.814 6.780 6.745

Djibouti 13.529 13.291 13.089 12.911 12.743 12.575 12.405 12.236 12.070 11.907 11.749

Egy pt, Arab Rep. 50.836 50.733 50.631 50.529 50.626 54.101 54.434 54.332 57.524 55.137 55.033

Equatorial Guinea 2.670 2.662 2.655 2.648 2.642 2.636 2.630 2.624 2.619 2.614 2.609

Eritrea 1.741 1.692 1.642 1.594 1.548 1.508 1.472 1.440 1.411 1.383 1.355

Ethiopia 1.079 1.071 1.231 1.271 1.549 1.580 1.497 1.731 1.722 1.713 1.704

Gabon 3.987 3.907 3.832 3.761 4.136 4.064 3.994 4.536 4.460 4.385 4.311

Gambia, The 6.532 6.470 6.409 8.899 8.819 8.743 8.670 8.601 8.534 8.470 8.408

Ghana 6.537 5.256 5.209 6.255 7.083 7.041 6.990 6.940 15.076 12.669 12.597

Guinea 5.871 5.823 5.774 6.618 6.574 6.530 6.485 6.439 6.391 6.341 6.288

Guinea-Bissau 4.061 4.024 5.606 5.528 5.452 5.376 5.301 5.227 5.153 5.080 5.009

Keny a 5.022 4.988 4.955 4.922 5.033 4.998 4.964 4.931 4.966 4.778 4.746

Lesotho 7.557 7.520 7.489 7.462 7.437 7.411 7.384 7.357 7.329 7.302 7.274

Liberia 3.336 3.297 3.274 3.258 3.237 3.205 3.162 3.112 3.062 3.017 2.981

Liby a 58.756 57.842 56.936 56.032 55.123 54.210 53.281 52.353 51.482 50.734 50.142

Madagascar 3.541 3.480 3.421 3.364 3.310 3.257 3.206 3.157 3.110 3.064 3.021

Malaw i 6.255 6.163 6.075 5.609 5.528 5.447 5.365 5.283 5.202 5.121 5.042

Mali 1.151 1.125 1.100 1.075 1.826 1.885 1.840 1.797 2.519 2.533 2.474

Mauritania 5.175 5.030 4.890 4.754 5.238 5.053 5.360 5.229 5.105 4.987 4.875

Mauritius 34.672 34.672 35.924 36.282 36.197 36.211 35.992 36.059 36.004 36.632 36.584

Morocco 8.921 8.851 8.796 8.789 8.690 9.158 9.094 9.063 9.022 9.836 9.767

Mozambique 2.152 2.108 2.065 2.023 1.983 1.945 1.909 1.875 1.989 1.954 1.921

Namibia 28.018 27.483 25.571 25.170 24.781 24.389 23.989 23.587 23.190 16.280 16.013

Niger 1.523 1.480 2.203 2.166 2.276 2.238 2.193 2.203 2.150 2.100 2.051

Nigeria 5.376 5.346 5.316 5.287 5.225 5.197 5.170 5.143 5.117 5.091 5.067

Rw anda 11.205 11.172 11.151 11.138 13.788 13.755 13.716 13.674 13.631 13.589 13.548

Sao Tome and Principe 16.188 16.048 15.918 15.795 15.676 15.558 15.442 15.328 15.212 15.093 14.968

Senegal 3.714 3.652 3.590 3.265 3.210 3.156 3.408 3.353 3.299 3.432 3.376

Sey chelles 36.736 36.718 36.092 48.064 48.170 52.251 52.042 52.651 51.968 51.851 51.023

Sierra Leone 4.726 4.683 4.634 4.583 4.537 4.499 4.468 4.443 4.422 4.403 4.385

Somalia 2.444 2.395 2.349 2.306 2.266 2.227 2.190 2.156 2.122 2.088 2.053

South Africa 15.043 13.640 13.539 13.443 13.352 13.268 13.190 13.118 13.051 12.992 12.941

Sudan 0.526 0.510 0.495 0.480 0.466 0.451 0.436 0.422 0.407 0.393 0.380

Sw aziland 7.625 7.579 9.089 9.060 9.027 8.982 8.923 8.853 8.776 8.699 8.625

Tanzania 3.144 3.114 3.084 2.705 2.679 2.653 2.627 2.602 2.748 3.186 3.161

Togo 5.746 5.675 5.611 5.553 5.498 5.445 5.393 7.251 7.201 7.153 7.107

Tunisia 10.387 9.998 9.934 9.872 9.974 9.906 9.834 9.759 10.704 10.617 10.534

Uganda 10.019 9.908 9.799 9.691 9.587 9.486 9.388 9.293 9.201 9.113 9.028

Zambia 7.789 9.008 8.836 8.671 8.508 8.343 8.175 8.005 7.834 7.662 7.490

Zimbabw e 23.371 23.275 13.086 13.083 13.092 13.109 13.135 13.166 13.185 13.170 13.109


14



1a. Transport: Total Paved Roads (km per 10,000 inhabitants)

17

I.a Transport: Total Paved Roads (km per 10,000 inhabitants)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Algeria 23.468 23.128 22.790 22.453 23.468 23.117 22.768 22.423 23.740 23.731 23.385

Angola 3.841 3.717 3.592 3.469 3.352 3.244 3.144 3.052 2.965 2.883 2.803

Benin 5.830 5.654 5.477 5.304 2.440 2.364 2.293 2.225 2.160 2.098 2.040

Botsw ana 30.437 29.985 47.055 48.450 43.834 44.838 44.243 43.632 43.023 42.442 41.905

Burkina Faso 12.038 11.700 11.370 11.048 2.797 2.717 2.638 2.561 2.486 2.413 2.342

Burundi 1.613 1.582 1.545 1.503 1.827 1.774 1.721 1.669 1.619 1.574 1.535

Cameroon 2.583 2.525 2.468 2.413 2.504 2.448 2.776 2.715 2.621 2.564 2.509

Cape Verde 21.317 20.940 20.587 20.260 19.967 19.710 19.488 19.296 19.124 18.959 18.791


Chad 0.325 0.314 0.303 0.292 0.282 0.327 0.317 0.309 0.300 0.293 0.285

Comoros 11.969 11.656 11.349 11.049 10.756 10.470 10.191 9.920 9.658 9.405 9.162

Congo, Rep. 3.959 3.864 3.775 3.690 2.509 2.447 3.340 3.249 3.159 3.075 2.998

Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.576 0.560 0.544 0.528 0.501 0.487 0.473 0.460 0.447 0.435 0.423

Cote d'Iv oire 4.680 4.594 4.517 4.446 3.663 3.605 3.545 3.487 3.424 3.360 3.294

Djibouti 18.844 18.400 18.023 17.691 17.377 17.062 16.745 16.430 16.120 15.815 15.520

Egy pt, Arab Rep. 10.664 10.472 10.280 10.090 10.271 10.793 10.684 10.493 11.639 11.262 11.067


Eritrea 2.384 2.293 2.200 2.109 2.024 1.949 1.882 1.822 1.767 1.715 1.664

Ethiopia 0.541 0.527 0.579 0.617 0.962 0.630 0.616 0.781 0.764 0.747 0.731

Gabon 6.783 6.634 6.493 6.360 6.965 6.830 6.701 7.713 7.571 7.432 7.294

Gambia, The 4.022 3.905 3.791 5.099 4.950 4.808 4.672 4.543 4.419 4.299 4.183

Ghana 6.086 3.694 3.605 4.155 4.608 3.975 3.880 3.787 8.387 5.787 5.653

Guinea 6.031 5.940 5.848 4.965 4.884 4.802 4.718 4.632 4.542 4.448 4.350

Guinea-Bissau 3.653 3.583 7.486 7.342 7.200 7.058 6.917 6.778 6.640 6.504 6.371

Keny a 2.476 2.412 2.350 2.289 2.574 2.508 2.445 2.383 2.412 2.249 2.191

Lesotho 5.535 5.465 5.407 5.357 5.310 5.262 5.212 5.161 5.110 5.058 5.006

Liberia 2.308 2.236 2.194 2.164 2.125 2.065 1.983 1.890 1.796 1.713 1.645

Liby a 90.974 89.266 87.574 85.887 84.189 82.483 80.747 79.014 77.388 75.991 74.885

Madagascar 3.762 3.647 3.538 3.432 3.330 3.232 3.137 3.045 2.957 2.872 2.790

Malaw i 6.596 6.424 6.259 5.728 5.577 5.425 5.272 5.119 4.967 4.816 4.668

Mali 1.618 1.570 1.522 1.476 2.637 2.732 2.648 2.568 3.737 3.704 3.593

Mauritania 9.454 9.185 8.922 8.669 9.485 9.092 9.492 9.248 9.016 8.796 8.587

Mauritius 15.620 15.621 16.053 16.334 16.176 16.073 15.639 15.584 15.480 15.676 15.584

Morocco 11.292 11.162 11.051 11.035 10.875 11.735 11.616 11.545 11.459 12.941 12.812

Mozambique 3.123 3.041 2.961 2.883 2.808 2.737 2.670 2.606 2.822 2.757 2.695

Namibia 47.681 46.682 43.112 42.362 41.637 40.904 40.157 39.406 38.664 27.640 27.141

Niger 2.373 2.292 3.213 3.104 2.997 2.922 2.825 2.806 2.708 2.613 2.522

Nigeria 2.357 2.301 2.246 2.191 2.125 2.073 2.022 1.972 1.923 1.876 1.829

Rw anda 1.467 1.405 1.366 1.341 2.954 2.892 2.819 2.741 2.660 2.581 2.505


Senegal 4.495 4.378 4.263 3.857 3.754 3.654 3.878 3.775 3.675 3.918 3.815

Sey chelles 38.849 38.815 37.646 53.114 53.311 57.689 56.974 57.625 56.350 56.132 54.586

Sierra Leone 2.160 2.080 2.006 1.911 1.825 1.754 1.697 1.650 1.611 1.575 1.541

Somalia 3.525 3.433 3.347 3.267 3.192 3.119 3.051 2.986 2.923 2.859 2.795

South Africa 16.422 13.801 13.614 13.434 13.264 13.107 12.961 12.826 12.702 12.591 12.495

Sudan 1.264 1.234 1.206 1.179 1.152 1.125 1.097 1.070 1.043 1.017 0.992

Sw aziland 8.236 8.150 9.954 9.900 9.839 9.755 9.644 9.513 9.370 9.225 9.088

Tanzania 2.236 2.180 2.124 1.851 1.802 1.753 1.705 1.658 1.528 1.589 1.543

Togo 4.957 4.824 4.705 4.596 4.494 4.394 4.297 4.329 4.236 4.146 4.059

Tunisia 13.741 13.014 12.896 12.779 12.894 12.767 12.632 12.492 14.212 14.050 13.895

Uganda 6.720 6.513 6.308 6.108 5.912 5.723 5.540 5.363 5.192 5.027 4.868

Zambia 11.783 14.059 13.739 13.432 13.127 12.817 12.504 12.187 11.868 11.547 11.225

Zimbabw e 34.519 34.339 14.658 14.652 14.670 14.701 14.750 14.807 14.842 14.815 14.701

15



1b. Transport: Total Paved Roads (km per km2 of exploitable land area)

18

I.b Transport: Total Road Network (km per km² of exploitable land area)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Algeria 2.500 2.500 2.500 2.500 2.603 2.603 2.603 2.603 2.675 2.693 2.693

Angola 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439

Benin 2.247 2.247 2.247 2.247 2.247 2.247 2.247 2.247 2.247 2.247 2.247

Botsw ana 0.603 0.603 0.603 0.631 0.612 0.645 0.645 0.645 0.645 0.645 0.645

Burkina Faso 5.756 5.756 5.756 5.756 5.756 5.756 5.756 5.756 5.756 5.756 5.756

Burundi 5.397 5.397 5.397 5.397 4.593 4.593 4.593 4.593 4.593 4.593 4.593

Cameroon 1.585 1.585 1.585 1.585 1.628 1.628 0.910 0.910 0.915 0.915 0.915

Cape Verde 8.818 8.818 8.818 8.818 8.818 8.818 8.818 8.818 8.818 8.818 8.818


Chad 0.527 0.527 0.527 0.527 0.527 0.631 0.631 0.631 0.631 0.631 0.631

Comoros 5.752 5.752 5.752 5.752 5.752 5.752 5.752 5.752 5.752 5.752 5.752

Congo, Rep. 0.386 0.386 0.386 0.386 0.522 0.522 0.513 0.513 0.513 0.513 0.513

Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.824 0.824 0.824 0.824 0.805 0.805 0.805 0.805 0.805 0.805 0.805

Cote d'Iv oire 2.634 2.634 2.634 2.634 2.634 2.634 2.634 2.700 2.700 2.700 2.700

Djibouti 1.905 1.905 1.905 1.905 1.905 1.905 1.905 1.905 1.905 1.905 1.905

Egy pt, Arab Rep. 23.385 23.385 23.385 23.385 23.385 25.032 25.233 25.233 26.562 25.436 25.436


Eritrea 0.372 0.372 0.372 0.372 0.372 0.372 0.372 0.372 0.372 0.372 0.372

Ethiopia 0.540 0.540 0.608 0.618 0.666 0.773 0.734 0.810 0.810 0.810 0.810

Gabon 0.316 0.316 0.316 0.316 0.343 0.343 0.343 0.343 0.343 0.343 0.343

Gambia, The 2.389 2.389 2.389 3.312 3.312 3.312 3.312 3.312 3.312 3.312 3.312

Ghana 1.822 1.822 1.822 2.210 2.512 2.664 2.664 2.664 5.587 5.065 5.065

Guinea 1.495 1.495 1.495 2.173 2.173 2.173 2.173 2.173 2.173 2.173 2.173

Guinea-Bissau 1.218 1.218 0.956 0.956 0.956 0.956 0.956 0.956 0.956 0.956 0.956

Keny a 2.038 2.038 2.038 2.038 2.016 2.016 2.016 2.016 2.026 1.974 1.974

Lesotho 2.500 2.500 2.500 2.500 2.500 2.500 2.500 2.500 2.500 2.500 2.500

Liberia 1.215 1.215 1.215 1.215 1.215 1.215 1.215 1.215 1.215 1.215 1.215

Liby a 5.311 5.311 5.311 5.311 5.311 5.311 5.311 5.311 5.311 5.311 5.311

Madagascar 0.920 0.920 0.920 0.920 0.920 0.920 0.920 0.920 0.920 0.920 0.920

Malaw i 1.536 1.536 1.536 1.443 1.443 1.443 1.443 1.443 1.443 1.443 1.443

Mali 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.347 0.351 0.351 0.351 0.400 0.417 0.417

Mauritania 0.191 0.191 0.191 0.191 0.215 0.228 0.276 0.276 0.276 0.276 0.276

Mauritius 13.689 13.689 14.215 14.321 14.321 14.357 14.364 14.414 14.414 14.684 14.684

Morocco 1.614 1.614 1.616 1.617 1.611 1.614 1.614 1.618 1.621 1.631 1.631

Mozambique 0.380 0.380 0.380 0.380 0.380 0.380 0.380 0.380 0.379 0.379 0.379

Namibia 1.416 1.416 1.416 1.416 1.416 1.416 1.416 1.416 1.416 0.897 0.897

Niger 0.263 0.263 0.382 0.393 0.479 0.480 0.484 0.494 0.494 0.494 0.494

Nigeria 2.253 2.253 2.253 2.253 2.239 2.239 2.239 2.239 2.239 2.239 2.239

Rw anda 5.502 5.502 5.502 5.502 6.423 6.423 6.423 6.423 6.423 6.423 6.423


Senegal 0.807 0.807 0.807 0.751 0.751 0.751 0.819 0.819 0.819 0.820 0.820

Sey chelles 8.345 8.345 8.345 10.246 10.246 11.141 11.230 11.365 11.365 11.365 11.365

Sierra Leone 1.972 1.972 1.967 1.967 1.967 1.967 1.967 1.967 1.967 1.967 1.967

Somalia 0.420 0.420 0.420 0.420 0.420 0.420 0.420 0.420 0.420 0.420 0.420

South Africa 3.354 3.354 3.354 3.354 3.354 3.354 3.354 3.354 3.354 3.354 3.354

Sudan 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055

Sw aziland 1.790 1.790 2.070 2.070 2.070 2.070 2.070 2.070 2.070 2.070 2.070

Tanzania 1.136 1.136 1.136 1.016 1.016 1.016 1.016 1.016 1.128 1.336 1.336

Togo 1.726 1.726 1.726 1.726 1.726 1.726 1.726 2.675 2.675 2.675 2.675

Tunisia 1.694 1.694 1.694 1.694 1.715 1.715 1.715 1.715 1.728 1.728 1.728

Uganda 3.442 3.442 3.442 3.442 3.442 3.442 3.442 3.442 3.442 3.442 3.442

Zambia 0.896 0.896 0.896 0.896 0.896 0.896 0.896 0.896 0.896 0.896 0.896

Zimbabw e 2.652 2.652 2.832 2.832 2.832 2.832 2.832 2.832 2.832 2.832 2.832


16



2. Electricity Index—Net Generation (KWh per capita)

19

II. Electricity Index - Net Generation (KWh per capita)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Algeria 782.395 807.904 826.654 871.408 907.119 970.170 991.961 1 031.534 1 098.983 1 028.741 1 207.669

Angola 100.817 110.558 115.287 125.666 136.994 165.563 190.504 179.671 225.285 248.209 268.198

Benin 12.133 9.248 8.553 10.512 10.300 13.184 18.547 25.637 25.902 14.111 16.052

Botswana 506.381 532.041 465.814 371.865 399.397 434.500 428.238 354.047 303.424 260.903 214.047

Burkina Faso 25.866 25.853 28.037 33.194 34.245 34.473 35.530 38.611 37.965 41.567 40.683

Burundi 15.688 17.847 19.231 14.915 13.069 13.377 12.576 15.309 14.226 14.931 18.132

Cameroon 219.649 218.332 198.739 216.860 236.501 225.144 280.401 279.335 296.218 294.197 293.955

Cape Verde 315.618 348.239 377.700 406.494 441.318 469.461 493.448 523.785 553.993 571.579 578.630


Chad 10.459 10.214 9.851 9.613 9.604 9.606 9.520 9.545 9.105 8.869 8.729

Comoros 33.780 48.479 52.262 54.163 67.106 69.987 72.666 64.839 61.690 57.281 54.440

Congo (Brazzaville) 93.419 103.008 119.188 116.660 113.177 120.096 122.401 107.135 117.779 132.809 135.363

Congo, Dem. Rep. 119.732 116.077 115.381 112.842 125.810 127.578 126.316 127.951 119.204 120.722 118.302

Cote d'Ivoire 277.405 277.153 294.698 279.207 297.679 300.860 294.556 289.051 292.514 292.712 289.852

Djibouti 245.925 238.793 245.661 241.137 254.492 296.895 319.298 326.403 368.147 365.788 365.696

Egypt 1 096.074 1 147.592 1 204.047 1 260.803 1 316.292 1 385.850 1 444.601 1 539.440 1 582.768 1 647.983 1 710.152


Eritrea 53.839 57.464 61.279 62.825 61.616 60.359 54.453 56.442 54.553 54.417 55.668

Ethiopia 25.262 29.567 29.298 32.098 34.648 37.923 42.575 45.077 46.775 48.414 59.427

Gabon 1 033.536 1 064.833 1 106.985 1 111.831 1 104.130 1 097.752 1 146.542 1 174.681 1 221.697 1 213.511 1 180.461

Gambia, The 85.191 95.083 103.195 111.439 119.138 127.022 131.200 135.105 138.744 134.980 133.072

Ghana 371.513 393.176 352.657 277.130 277.671 307.880 370.058 297.016 349.607 366.957 336.703

Guinea 89.041 110.123 114.353 98.925 105.970 97.440 91.611 100.495 101.160 98.553 97.079

Guinea-Bissau 44.331 44.274 43.427 43.353 44.003 43.869 44.429 46.342 44.712 45.145 44.218

Kenya 129.699 143.175 144.304 150.804 157.149 164.604 173.074 173.924 171.561 168.928 180.926

Lesotho 146.649 143.289 156.199 160.179 145.090 167.978 94.938 94.011 94.011 93.058 92.110

Liberia 107.822 108.189 106.139 99.098 100.235 99.920 99.586 95.479 90.749 87.332 83.873

Libya 2 784.499 2 840.641 3 032.435 3 213.539 3 359.378 3 635.882 3 826.516 4 009.986 4 381.894 4 566.815 4 675.955

Madagascar 50.767 55.912 53.002 58.780 63.372 62.116 61.541 62.380 63.030 61.369 58.463

Malawi 107.225 106.684 108.678 108.193 116.413 117.995 117.542 116.635 125.883 131.489 132.409

Mali 35.324 34.537 33.661 35.056 35.233 34.683 34.798 34.164 33.956 33.468 33.833

Mauritania 86.902 102.192 178.907 164.816 174.733 163.754 187.223 188.628 206.054 210.799 202.614

Mauritius 1 405.671 1 490.268 1 508.066 1 597.779 1 645.646 1 706.850 1 747.895 1 819.598 1 878.842 1 883.225 1 951.936

Morocco 421.319 487.444 514.784 553.797 581.595 616.223 623.416 619.950 622.841 635.994 661.230

Mozambique 527.254 629.398 655.349 547.425 572.660 633.160 685.211 729.631 670.545 734.656 705.358

Namibia 737.404 703.182 733.219 751.944 776.641 803.875 797.507 779.163 962.125 753.417 633.104

Niger 16.297 13.795 14.693 14.854 15.063 14.622 13.521 13.194 13.841 14.694 16.117

Nigeria 114.247 117.052 159.151 145.378 170.265 161.025 153.734 149.103 133.605 121.803 156.998

Rwanda 13.953 10.672 11.348 13.434 10.100 12.172 16.947 16.292 18.313 23.101 26.374


Senegal 151.485 173.074 178.985 184.891 188.540 209.255 204.305 215.037 189.524 219.533 222.665

Seychelles 2 193.983 2 216.694 2 448.551 2 536.814 2 570.476 2 618.938 2 801.418 2 998.836 2 909.517 2 966.849 3 152.501

Sierra Leone 21.481 30.438 32.849 28.541 22.617 15.136 7.321 10.405 10.691 16.030 24.712

Somalia 31.761 32.250 33.114 34.202 32.187 32.656 32.992 33.435 33.736 33.444 33.223

South Africa 4 375.049 4 324.545 4 417.436 4 658.489 4 818.203 4 769.507 4 871.977 5 012.487 4 832.165 4 665.555 4 825.729

Sudan 87.283 92.651 97.219 101.546 101.963 108.539 122.635 131.318 139.041 176.004 185.388

Swaziland 426.759 417.642 418.369 346.277 307.626 352.970 373.120 383.934 359.023 392.007 418.193

Tanzania 71.655 77.842 78.700 71.409 75.105 89.748 84.887 98.643 101.316 92.956 95.939

Togo 35.465 24.360 29.302 33.654 34.208 33.820 38.301 33.410 20.790 20.875 21.092

Tunisia 1 053.709 1 122.302 1 155.781 1 200.965 1 252.597 1 309.105 1 325.736 1 275.484 1 317.940 1 384.112 1 444.678

Uganda 64.304 62.119 64.937 65.949 68.673 66.898 54.258 65.458 72.337 67.629 71.983

Zambia 756.551 752.261 754.479 751.673 752.205 771.743 833.950 807.208 775.242 810.224 855.094

Zimbabwe 538.632 602.942 655.388 677.002 747.031 791.126 655.405 657.869 542.736 574.268 621.120

17



3. ICT Composite Index

20

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010Algeria 0.69 0.80 1.28 2.01 4.11 7.93 10.73 14.37 17.41 27.39 33.28 Angola 0.09 0.13 0.22 0.37 0.61 1.31 2.49 3.96 5.35 6.64 8.56 Benin 0.22 0.36 0.60 0.72 1.06 1.24 1.87 2.98 4.54 6.01 8.34 Botsw ana 2.80 3.55 3.50 3.90 4.21 4.69 6.19 8.31 11.18 12.88 15.18 Burkina Faso 0.08 0.14 0.18 0.33 0.46 0.63 0.98 1.61 2.45 2.98 4.43 Burundi 0.07 0.10 0.13 0.18 0.28 0.41 0.50 0.59 0.85 1.27 1.61 Cameroon 0.19 0.37 0.55 0.82 1.19 1.70 2.34 3.32 4.22 5.25 5.66 Cape Verde 2.11 2.81 3.42 3.91 4.70 5.75 11.62 12.71 19.85 24.84 31.06 Central African Rep. 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.16 0.23 0.32 0.36 0.56 0.89 2.00 2.63 Chad 0.02 0.04 0.10 0.19 0.25 0.34 0.62 1.08 1.91 2.37 2.69 Comoros 0.20 0.29 0.35 0.52 0.81 1.17 1.54 2.07 2.64 3.15 4.14 Congo 0.24 0.45 0.65 0.89 1.05 1.46 2.27 3.07 4.14 4.89 8.23 Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 0.01 0.03 0.15 0.36 0.70 0.95 1.38 1.95 2.95 2.94 3.42 Cote d'Iv oire 0.45 0.65 0.85 1.03 1.26 1.64 2.85 4.58 5.98 7.66 8.62 Djibouti 0.18 0.27 0.46 0.59 0.79 0.95 1.14 1.96 3.31 5.36 7.84 Egy pt 1.09 1.56 2.95 3.78 4.69 8.96 11.54 16.79 23.43 39.78 52.93 Equatorial Guinea 0.22 0.40 0.73 0.94 1.34 2.02 2.33 2.78 3.20 3.50 7.89 Eritrea 0.12 0.12 0.16 0.34 0.55 0.82 0.99 1.16 1.79 2.18 2.43 Ethiopia 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.14 0.21 0.32 0.44 0.62 0.99 2.06 Gabon 1.53 1.75 2.75 3.21 4.64 7.07 8.21 9.80 10.71 11.60 13.11 Gambia 0.59 1.06 1.52 2.05 2.50 3.07 4.45 6.89 8.91 9.76 11.00 Ghana 0.20 0.28 0.59 0.89 1.46 2.01 3.44 4.81 6.79 7.92 10.51 Guinea 0.10 0.14 0.26 0.30 0.36 0.40 0.30 2.10 2.80 3.40 3.81 Guinea-Bissau 0.16 0.17 0.45 0.58 0.98 1.38 1.76 2.60 3.80 4.06 4.24 Keny a 0.23 0.47 0.84 1.59 1.83 2.41 4.96 5.91 7.24 13.05 16.51 Lesotho 0.26 0.42 1.10 1.24 1.78 2.19 2.78 3.32 3.87 4.21 5.49 Liberia 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.15 0.27 0.44 0.72 1.57 2.17 2.58 4.21 Liby a 1.10 1.25 2.06 2.38 3.27 5.65 9.15 10.10 17.69 24.77 28.53 Madagascar 0.13 0.19 0.24 0.33 0.39 0.50 0.82 1.37 2.87 3.46 3.99 Malaw i 0.11 0.14 0.19 0.25 0.34 0.50 0.67 1.18 1.30 1.95 3.05 Mali 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.32 0.47 0.73 1.40 2.01 2.89 3.49 5.12 Mauritania 0.18 0.51 0.97 1.29 1.77 2.45 3.43 4.87 6.96 7.19 9.02 Mauritius 6.00 7.35 8.56 10.52 12.07 14.21 22.18 22.87 31.27 38.56 44.95 Morocco 1.39 2.27 3.09 3.80 8.51 14.64 20.35 27.35 32.59 43.92 55.78 Mozambique 0.10 0.16 0.24 0.38 0.58 0.96 1.28 1.67 2.52 3.61 4.80 Namibia 1.47 1.88 2.14 2.73 3.13 3.91 4.65 5.53 6.68 7.77 12.35 Niger 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.13 0.20 0.32 0.45 0.75 1.44 1.86 2.50 Nigeria 0.06 0.09 0.28 0.49 1.14 2.57 4.20 5.28 10.16 12.74 15.43 Rw anda 0.08 0.17 0.21 0.28 0.37 0.49 0.59 1.50 2.93 5.08 6.42 Sao Tome and Principe 2.02 2.69 3.33 4.49 5.84 6.23 7.05 8.25 9.77 10.95 13.95 Senegal 0.56 0.84 1.09 1.79 3.14 4.19 5.90 7.50 10.36 13.63 15.68 Sey chelles 7.52 10.05 11.80 12.56 18.45 22.04 33.20 36.97 38.23 45.35 55.84 Sierra Leone 0.10 0.15 0.23 0.31 0.33 0.28 0.16 1.32 1.64 1.84 3.02 Somalia 0.12 0.16 0.18 0.45 1.01 1.00 1.05 1.09 1.11 1.11 1.10 South Africa 4.66 5.48 6.12 6.91 8.51 11.21 13.93 15.02 17.79 24.82 59.75 Sudan 0.10 0.18 0.37 0.56 0.82 1.08 4.23 5.49 7.27 7.75 11.33 Sw aziland 0.87 1.20 1.52 1.99 2.76 3.29 3.73 4.85 7.34 9.29 10.73 Tanzania 0.11 0.17 0.26 0.58 0.79 2.33 3.44 4.48 6.10 7.62 9.14 Togo 0.46 0.58 0.73 0.94 1.20 1.45 1.95 2.83 3.54 4.91 5.48 Tunisia 1.99 2.88 3.49 5.13 7.61 10.35 14.05 18.43 30.08 43.52 56.05 Uganda 0.12 0.20 0.29 0.44 0.66 1.09 1.61 2.71 5.47 6.59 9.69 Zambia 0.22 0.25 0.35 0.62 1.18 1.85 2.90 3.96 4.84 5.79 7.80 Zimbabw e 0.49 0.70 2.01 3.05 3.25 3.99 4.80 5.62 6.22 8.18 10.84

III. ICT Composite Index


18



3a. ICT: Total Phone Subscription (fixed line and mobiles) per 100 inhabitants

21

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Algeria 6.05 6.39 7.63 11.05 22.75 49.36 71.39 90.34 87.43 101.02 100.66

Angola 0.65 1.06 1.48 2.82 5.23 10.36 18.53 28.85 38.18 45.34 48.28

Benin 1.64 2.74 4.06 4.22 7.19 8.81 14.39 26.66 44.77 59.99 81.45

Botsw ana 20.37 26.92 26.57 31.49 35.34 37.33 50.24 66.86 83.28 101.51 124.61

Burkina Faso 0.64 1.06 1.33 2.27 3.49 5.10 7.60 13.11 20.45 24.87 35.53

Burundi 0.57 0.83 1.11 1.29 1.82 2.54 3.05 3.87 6.43 10.65 14.11

Cameroon 1.26 3.26 4.95 7.00 9.50 13.40 18.20 25.75 34.20 44.01 46.82

Cape Verde 17.01 21.49 24.99 27.18 29.45 32.42 37.73 46.37 71.72 73.73 89.48

Central African Rep. 0.39 0.53 0.56 1.27 1.77 2.74 2.98 5.10 6.18 15.82 22.36

Chad 0.19 0.38 0.52 0.85 1.44 2.28 4.82 9.16 17.40 21.39 24.29

Comoros 1.20 1.54 1.73 2.50 3.75 5.05 8.47 12.99 17.29 21.43 25.36

Congo 2.93 5.35 7.41 10.01 11.54 16.25 25.66 34.87 47.34 55.32 94.20

Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 0.05 0.31 1.09 2.32 3.59 4.80 7.49 10.85 15.97 14.80 17.98

Cote d'Iv oire 4.44 6.05 7.87 8.70 10.90 14.47 23.66 41.38 56.91 69.59 77.57

Djibouti 1.36 1.73 3.28 4.25 5.74 6.76 6.81 9.97 14.93 16.70 20.71

Egy pt 10.12 13.77 17.51 20.33 23.58 32.48 38.23 53.71 67.85 82.37 98.96


Eritrea 0.83 0.82 0.90 0.92 1.37 1.74 2.14 2.54 3.01 3.72 4.56

Ethiopia 0.38 0.46 0.59 0.64 0.88 1.37 2.09 2.69 3.59 6.12 9.36

Gabon 12.87 14.82 24.13 25.69 39.28 56.60 66.88 83.97 91.92 95.39 108.96

Gambia 3.00 6.75 10.05 13.49 14.93 19.38 29.13 53.36 74.26 80.95 88.36

Ghana 1.79 2.49 3.29 5.27 9.51 14.77 25.09 35.14 50.35 64.54 72.63

Guinea 0.80 0.96 1.36 1.57 2.04 2.37 0.82 21.57 29.05 35.97 40.25

Guinea-Bissau 0.90 0.78 0.87 0.90 3.67 7.93 11.76 21.12 34.72 38.08 39.54

Keny a 1.34 2.84 4.58 5.68 8.20 13.75 20.89 31.51 44.08 50.75 62.57

Lesotho 2.23 3.94 8.29 7.94 11.40 14.41 19.71 23.91 29.82 32.62 47.26

Liberia 0.29 0.30 0.40 1.73 3.19 5.13 8.53 16.25 23.41 28.34 39.49

Liby a 12.33 13.32 14.54 15.83 22.99 49.44 82.06 90.80 134.96 169.21 190.84

Madagascar 0.77 1.30 1.36 2.04 2.26 3.37 6.38 12.39 25.58 32.15 37.92

Malaw i 0.85 0.96 1.34 1.81 2.53 4.09 5.69 9.02 11.56 17.21 21.46

Mali 0.44 0.64 0.85 2.49 3.70 6.36 11.74 18.62 24.34 30.49 49.15

Mauritania 1.30 4.97 9.95 13.50 18.94 25.81 34.98 45.27 65.80 66.81 81.41

Mauritius 38.53 47.94 54.49 65.71 72.38 80.71 89.19 101.08 108.81 113.19 121.51

Morocco 13.08 20.47 24.87 28.82 35.39 45.19 56.25 72.31 82.39 91.13 111.83

Mozambique 0.75 1.28 1.78 2.60 3.87 7.56 11.32 14.48 20.08 26.48 31.26

Namibia 10.14 11.57 13.75 17.48 20.26 28.26 35.16 43.47 54.42 60.91 73.86

Niger 0.20 0.21 0.68 0.87 1.57 2.68 3.81 6.75 13.58 17.87 25.07

Nigeria 0.47 0.68 1.75 3.03 7.46 14.17 23.73 28.56 42.67 49.19 55.77

Rw anda 0.70 1.02 1.24 1.76 1.78 2.68 3.58 6.78 13.39 23.88 33.78


Senegal 4.80 5.52 7.76 9.82 12.91 18.37 29.23 33.99 47.74 59.31 69.85

Sey chelles 57.42 71.34 78.81 85.07 91.71 96.80 107.59 117.60 133.17 156.64 155.54

Sierra Leone 0.75 1.15 2.02 2.93 3.15 2.49 0.93 14.72 18.54 20.78 34.32

Somalia 1.42 1.58 1.73 3.76 7.34 7.18 7.60 8.02 8.15 8.13 8.02

South Africa 29.72 34.61 40.30 46.49 54.40 80.95 91.67 95.88 100.21 102.02 108.90

Sudan 1.20 1.58 2.41 4.00 5.54 6.24 13.16 21.21 29.84 36.98 41.40

Sw aziland 6.10 8.25 9.52 12.05 17.30 21.27 26.30 37.42 50.04 59.91 65.49

Tanzania 0.83 1.30 2.14 3.93 5.53 8.03 14.43 20.49 31.07 40.53 47.19

Togo 1.94 2.91 4.28 5.89 7.54 9.18 14.29 22.82 29.26 40.09 44.23

Tunisia 11.36 15.14 17.88 31.69 50.33 70.00 85.92 89.99 96.04 106.85 118.35

Uganda 0.78 1.36 1.74 3.14 4.49 4.93 7.21 14.37 27.84 29.71 39.36

Zambia 1.79 1.98 2.12 3.01 4.97 9.11 14.95 22.65 29.32 35.34 42.30

Zimbabw e 4.12 4.51 4.97 5.27 5.90 7.76 9.46 12.58 16.08 35.08 64.26

III.a ICT: Total Phone subscription (fixed line and mobiles) per 100 inhabitants

19



3a.1 ICT: Fixed-Line Phone Subscription (% of population)

22

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Algeria 5.77 6.07 6.20 6.52 7.68 7.82 8.51 9.05 8.91 7.37 8.24

Angola 0.47 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.59 0.59 0.58 0.54 0.63 1.63 1.59

Benin 0.79 0.88 0.90 0.93 0.98 1.00 0.98 1.37 1.38 1.48 1.51

Botsw ana 7.73 8.30 8.19 7.18 7.11 7.28 6.95 7.10 7.28 6.93 6.85

Burkina Faso 0.43 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.62 0.64 0.65 0.78 0.95 0.95 0.87

Burundi 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.35 0.39 0.43 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.39

Cameroon 0.61 0.66 0.68 0.58 0.58 0.57 0.73 1.03 1.36 2.27 2.75

Cape Verde 12.50 14.41 15.50 15.59 15.36 15.14 14.97 14.86 14.74 14.62 14.51


Chad 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.20 0.31 0.42 0.53 0.46

Comoros 1.20 1.54 1.73 2.17 2.41 2.63 2.89 3.84 4.13 4.30 2.86

Congo 0.70 0.68 0.67 0.21 0.40 0.45 0.38 0.36 0.24 0.24 0.24


Cote d'Iv oire 1.59 1.74 1.89 1.36 1.45 1.43 1.48 1.33 1.88 1.46 1.44

Djibouti 1.33 1.32 1.32 1.30 1.40 1.31 1.37 1.68 1.74 1.93 2.08

Egy pt 8.11 9.72 11.11 12.22 13.09 14.12 14.41 14.59 15.13 12.94 11.86


Eritrea 0.83 0.82 0.90 0.92 0.91 0.84 0.81 0.78 0.82 0.95 1.03

Ethiopia 0.35 0.42 0.51 0.57 0.67 0.82 0.95 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.10

Gabon 3.16 2.95 2.49 2.92 2.88 2.85 2.61 1.86 2.29 2.47 2.02

Gambia 2.57 2.62 2.79 2.96 2.94 2.93 2.99 3.06 2.99 2.88 2.82

Ghana 1.11 1.25 1.37 1.41 1.48 1.49 1.61 1.66 0.62 1.12 1.14

Guinea 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.25 0.23 0.28 0.23 0.18

Guinea-Bissau 0.90 0.78 0.87 0.80 0.72 0.70 0.49 0.32 0.32 0.33 0.33

Keny a 0.93 0.96 0.98 0.97 0.86 0.81 0.80 1.24 1.68 1.68 0.94

Lesotho 1.13 1.08 1.42 1.73 1.82 2.32 2.55 2.26 1.94 1.86 1.78

Liberia 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.18 0.14 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.15

Liby a 11.57 12.38 13.25 13.54 14.14 14.77 15.42 16.09 14.97 16.98 19.33

Madagascar 0.36 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.52 0.70 0.71 0.84 0.93 0.69

Malaw i 0.41 0.47 0.62 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.99 1.29 0.79 0.77 1.07

Mali 0.35 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.52 0.58 0.61 0.57 0.56 0.57 0.75

Mauritania 0.72 0.91 1.13 1.32 1.32 1.35 1.11 1.25 2.32 2.20 2.07

Mauritius 23.48 25.39 26.03 28.23 28.40 28.45 28.21 28.28 28.32 29.05 29.84

Morocco 4.95 4.09 3.83 4.10 4.35 4.41 4.12 7.72 9.55 11.12 11.73

Mozambique 0.47 0.47 0.46 0.39 0.37 0.32 0.33 0.36 0.35 0.36 0.38

Namibia 5.81 6.06 6.15 6.34 6.26 6.68 6.43 6.40 6.61 6.63 6.66

Niger 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.22 0.30 0.45 0.51 0.54

Nigeria 0.45 0.47 0.54 0.67 0.75 0.87 1.18 1.07 0.87 0.96 0.66

Rw anda 0.22 0.25 0.29 0.29 0.25 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.17 0.32 0.37


Senegal 2.17 2.43 2.24 2.22 2.31 2.45 2.53 2.35 2.02 2.30 2.75

Sey chelles 25.42 26.17 25.38 25.60 25.79 25.83 24.44 26.72 25.67 29.87 24.56

Sierra Leone 0.46 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.24

Somalia 0.34 0.46 0.45 1.25 1.22 1.20 1.17 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.07

South Africa 11.09 10.85 10.53 10.34 10.27 9.89 9.60 9.28 8.97 8.68 8.43

Sudan 1.13 1.28 1.88 2.56 2.74 1.48 1.27 0.85 0.88 0.87 0.86

Sw aziland 2.99 3.14 3.24 4.24 4.06 3.17 3.93 3.88 3.82 3.77 3.71

Tanzania 0.51 0.51 0.45 0.40 0.39 0.40 0.38 0.40 0.29 0.40 0.39

Togo 0.89 0.98 1.01 1.18 1.25 1.16 1.48 1.76 2.44 3.03 3.54

Tunisia 10.10 11.06 11.92 11.97 12.26 12.69 12.66 12.57 12.09 12.34 12.30

Uganda 0.25 0.22 0.21 0.23 0.26 0.31 0.37 0.55 0.54 0.72 0.98

Zambia 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.81 0.82 0.83 0.80 0.76 0.73 0.71 0.69

Zimbabw e 1.99 2.02 2.28 2.39 2.52 2.61 2.68 2.76 2.79 3.09 3.01

III.a.1 ICT: Fixed-Line Phone Subscription (% of population)


20



3a.2 ICT: Mobile-cellular Subscription (% of population)

23

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Algeria 0.28 0.32 1.43 4.53 15.07 41.54 62.88 81.29 78.52 93.65 92.42

Angola 0.19 0.52 0.94 2.27 4.64 9.77 17.96 28.31 37.55 43.70 46.69

Benin 0.85 1.86 3.15 3.30 6.21 7.81 13.41 25.29 43.39 58.52 79.94

Botsw ana 12.64 18.62 18.38 24.31 28.23 30.06 43.30 59.75 76.01 94.58 117.76

Burkina Faso 0.21 0.60 0.85 1.78 2.87 4.46 6.95 12.34 19.49 23.92 34.66

Burundi 0.26 0.51 0.78 0.94 1.43 2.11 2.68 3.50 6.05 10.26 13.72

Cameroon 0.66 2.60 4.28 6.42 8.92 12.83 17.47 24.72 32.84 41.74 44.07

Cape Verde 4.51 7.08 9.49 11.60 14.09 17.28 22.76 31.51 56.97 59.11 74.97


Chad 0.07 0.26 0.39 0.71 1.30 2.15 4.62 8.85 16.98 20.86 23.83

Comoros - - - 0.33 1.34 2.41 5.58 9.15 13.16 17.13 22.49

Congo 2.23 4.67 6.74 9.81 11.13 15.80 25.29 34.52 47.10 55.08 93.96

Congo (Democratic Republic of the)0.03 0.29 1.07 2.30 3.57 4.78 7.47 10.85 15.91 14.73 17.92

Cote d'Iv oire 2.85 4.31 5.98 7.34 9.44 13.04 22.18 40.05 55.03 68.14 76.13

Djibouti 0.03 0.40 1.96 2.95 4.34 5.45 5.44 8.28 13.19 14.77 18.64

Egy pt 2.01 4.06 6.41 8.11 10.49 18.37 23.82 39.11 52.71 69.44 87.11


Eritrea - - - - 0.46 0.90 1.33 1.76 2.20 2.77 3.53

Ethiopia 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.21 0.55 1.14 1.55 2.46 4.99 8.26

Gabon 9.71 11.87 21.64 22.77 36.41 53.74 64.27 82.11 89.64 92.93 106.94

Gambia 0.43 4.12 7.27 10.53 11.98 16.46 26.13 50.29 71.28 78.07 85.53

Ghana 0.68 1.24 1.92 3.86 8.03 13.28 23.49 33.48 49.73 63.42 71.49

Guinea 0.50 0.66 1.05 1.28 1.74 2.09 0.57 21.34 28.77 35.74 40.07

Guinea-Bissau - - - 0.10 2.94 7.23 11.27 20.80 34.40 37.76 39.21

Keny a 0.41 1.87 3.61 4.71 7.34 12.95 20.09 30.28 42.40 49.07 61.63

Lesotho 1.10 2.87 6.86 6.21 9.59 12.09 17.16 21.65 27.88 30.76 45.48

Liberia 0.05 0.07 0.17 1.56 3.05 5.03 8.45 16.19 23.36 28.29 39.34

Liby a 0.76 0.94 1.29 2.29 8.85 34.66 66.64 74.71 119.99 152.24 171.52

Madagascar 0.41 0.93 1.00 1.68 1.92 2.85 5.68 11.68 24.74 31.23 37.23

Malaw i 0.44 0.48 0.73 1.11 1.78 3.28 4.70 7.73 10.77 16.44 20.38

Mali 0.09 0.21 0.38 2.00 3.19 5.78 11.13 18.05 23.78 29.92 48.41

Mauritania 0.58 4.06 8.83 12.18 17.62 24.47 33.87 44.01 63.48 64.61 79.34

Mauritius 15.05 22.55 28.46 37.48 43.97 52.26 60.98 72.80 80.48 84.14 91.67

Morocco 8.13 16.38 21.05 24.72 31.04 40.78 52.13 64.59 72.84 80.01 100.10

Mozambique 0.28 0.82 1.33 2.21 3.50 7.24 10.99 14.12 19.72 26.12 30.88

Namibia 4.33 5.51 7.60 11.14 14.00 21.58 28.74 37.07 47.81 54.28 67.21

Niger 0.02 0.02 0.49 0.68 1.37 2.49 3.59 6.45 13.13 17.36 24.53

Nigeria 0.02 0.21 1.21 2.37 6.71 13.29 22.55 27.49 41.81 48.24 55.10

Rw anda 0.48 0.77 0.95 1.48 1.52 2.42 3.33 6.54 13.22 23.56 33.40

Sao Tome and Principe - - 1.36 3.26 5.15 7.83 11.89 19.13 31.56 39.38 61.97

Senegal 2.63 3.09 5.52 7.60 10.60 15.91 26.70 31.64 45.72 57.00 67.11

Sey chelles 32.00 45.17 53.43 59.47 65.92 70.97 83.14 90.88 107.50 126.77 130.99

Sierra Leone 0.29 0.62 1.49 2.39 2.62 1.95 0.38 14.17 17.98 20.21 34.09

Somalia 1.08 1.12 1.28 2.51 6.12 5.98 6.43 6.87 7.03 7.03 6.95

South Africa 18.63 23.77 29.78 36.16 44.13 71.06 82.06 86.60 91.24 93.34 100.48

Sudan 0.07 0.30 0.53 1.44 2.80 4.76 11.90 20.36 28.95 36.11 40.54

Sw aziland 3.10 5.12 6.28 7.81 13.24 18.10 22.37 33.54 46.22 56.15 61.78

Tanzania 0.32 0.79 1.69 3.53 5.14 7.63 14.05 20.09 30.77 40.14 46.80

Togo 1.04 1.93 3.27 4.71 6.29 8.02 12.80 21.06 26.82 37.06 40.69

Tunisia 1.26 4.08 5.96 19.72 38.06 57.31 73.26 77.42 83.95 94.52 106.04

Uganda 0.52 1.13 1.52 2.91 4.23 4.63 6.84 13.83 27.30 28.99 38.38

Zambia 0.97 1.16 1.30 2.20 4.15 8.28 14.16 21.89 28.59 34.63 41.62

Zimbabw e 2.13 2.50 2.69 2.88 3.38 5.15 6.78 9.82 13.29 31.99 61.25

III.a.2 ICT: Mobile-cellular Subscription (% of population)

21



3b ICT: Number of Internet Users (per 100 inhabitants)

24

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Algeria 0.49 0.65 1.59 2.20 4.63 5.84 7.38 9.45 10.18 11.23 12.50

Angola 0.11 0.14 0.27 0.37 0.46 1.14 1.91 3.20 4.60 6.00 10.00

Benin 0.23 0.36 0.70 0.95 1.18 1.27 1.54 1.79 1.85 2.24 3.13

Botsw ana 2.90 3.43 3.39 3.35 3.30 3.26 4.29 5.28 6.25 6.15 6.00

Burkina Faso 0.08 0.16 0.20 0.37 0.40 0.47 0.63 0.75 0.92 1.13 2.40

Burundi 0.08 0.11 0.12 0.20 0.35 0.54 0.66 0.70 0.81 0.90 1.00

Cameroon 0.25 0.28 0.36 0.59 0.98 1.40 2.03 2.93 3.40 3.84 4.30

Cape Verde 1.82 2.69 3.52 4.32 5.32 6.07 6.81 8.28 20.00 25.00 30.00


Chad 0.04 0.05 0.17 0.32 0.36 0.40 0.58 0.85 1.19 1.50 1.70

Comoros 0.27 0.44 0.55 0.85 1.33 2.00 2.20 2.50 3.00 3.50 5.10

Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.13 0.20 0.24 0.30 0.37 0.44 0.56 0.72

Congo, Rep. 0.03 0.03 0.16 0.46 1.08 1.46 2.01 2.76 4.29 4.50 5.00

Cote d'Iv oire 0.23 0.40 0.50 0.76 0.85 1.04 1.52 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10

Djibouti 0.19 0.34 0.49 0.63 0.78 0.95 1.27 1.62 2.26 4.00 6.50

Egy pt, Arab Rep. 0.64 0.84 2.72 4.04 5.15 11.70 12.55 16.05 18.01 24.28 30.20


Eritrea 0.14 0.16 0.23 0.73 1.16 1.79 2.16 2.51 4.06 4.93 5.40

Ethiopia 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.16 0.22 0.31 0.37 0.45 0.54 0.75

Gabon 1.22 1.35 1.94 2.66 2.98 4.89 5.49 5.77 6.21 6.70 7.23

Gambia, The 0.92 1.34 1.80 2.44 3.31 3.80 5.24 6.21 6.88 7.63 9.20

Ghana 0.15 0.20 0.83 1.19 1.72 1.83 2.72 3.85 4.27 5.44 9.55

Guinea 0.10 0.18 0.40 0.45 0.51 0.54 0.64 0.78 0.92 0.94 1.00

Guinea-Bissau 0.23 0.30 1.02 1.35 1.81 1.90 2.06 2.21 2.35 2.30 2.45

Keny a 0.32 0.62 1.21 2.94 3.02 3.10 7.53 7.95 8.67 10.04 14.00

Lesotho 0.21 0.26 1.08 1.53 2.18 2.58 2.98 3.45 3.58 3.72 3.86

Liberia 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.55 0.53 0.51 2.30

Liby a 0.19 0.37 2.24 2.81 3.53 3.92 4.30 4.72 9.00 10.80 14.00

Madagascar 0.20 0.22 0.34 0.42 0.53 0.57 0.61 0.65 1.65 1.63 1.70

Malaw i 0.13 0.16 0.22 0.28 0.35 0.38 0.43 0.97 0.70 1.07 2.26

Mali 0.14 0.19 0.23 0.31 0.43 0.51 0.73 0.81 1.57 1.80 1.90

Mauritania 0.19 0.26 0.36 0.42 0.48 0.67 0.98 1.43 1.87 2.28 4.00

Mauritius 7.34 8.84 10.34 12.29 13.83 15.34 16.89 20.46 22.07 22.80 28.73

Morocco 0.69 1.37 2.37 3.35 11.61 15.08 19.77 21.50 33.10 41.30 49.00

Mozambique 0.11 0.16 0.26 0.42 0.68 0.85 0.84 0.91 1.56 2.68 4.17

Namibia 1.64 2.42 2.63 3.36 3.80 4.01 4.40 4.84 5.33 6.50 11.60

Niger 0.04 0.11 0.13 0.16 0.19 0.22 0.29 0.39 0.70 0.76 0.83

Nigeria 0.06 0.09 0.32 0.56 1.29 3.55 5.55 6.77 15.86 20.00 24.00

Rw anda 0.06 0.24 0.29 0.36 0.43 0.56 0.56 2.12 4.50 7.70 8.00


Senegal 0.40 0.98 1.01 2.10 4.39 4.79 5.61 7.70 10.60 14.50 16.00

Sey chelles 7.17 10.80 13.78 14.39 24.31 25.60 34.82 38.35 39.79 39.79 41.00

Sierra Leone 0.12 0.16 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.26

Somalia 0.02 0.08 0.12 0.38 1.05 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.16

South Africa 5.44 6.41 6.78 7.09 8.53 7.58 7.70 8.16 8.52 10.09 18.05

Sudan 0.03 0.14 0.44 0.54 0.79 1.29 8.09 8.66 10.16 10.16 10.16

Sw aziland 0.97 1.36 1.94 2.61 3.48 4.01 4.06 4.55 7.64 10.01 12.41

Tanzania 0.12 0.17 0.22 0.68 0.88 4.30 5.80 7.20 9.00 10.00 11.00

Togo 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.20 1.50 1.80 2.00 2.20 2.40 2.60 3.00

Tunisia 2.72 4.24 5.17 6.41 8.43 9.54 12.85 16.94 27.31 33.83 36.56

Uganda 0.16 0.24 0.38 0.46 0.72 1.74 2.53 3.67 7.90 9.78 12.50

Zambia 0.19 0.23 0.48 0.98 2.01 2.85 4.16 4.87 5.55 6.31 10.13

Zimbabw e 0.40 0.80 3.99 6.39 6.56 8.02 9.79 10.85 11.40 11.36 11.50

III.b ICT: Number of Internet Users (per 100 inhabitants)


22



3c ICT: Fixed (wired) Broadband Internet Subscribers (per 100 inhabitants)

25

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Algeria 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.11 0.41 0.51 0.85 1.41 2.34 2.54

Angola 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.10

Benin 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04

Botsw ana 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 0.18 0.46 0.50 0.60

Burkina Faso 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.08

Burundi 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cameroon 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01

Cape Verde 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.20 1.56 1.51 1.66 2.43 3.22


Chad 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Comoros 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01

Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01

Congo, Rep. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Cote d'Iv oire 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04

Djibouti 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.13 0.29 0.61 0.91

Egy pt, Arab Rep. 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.08 0.11 0.19 0.34 0.62 0.98 1.31 1.76


Eritrea 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Ethiopia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gabon 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.25 0.27

Gambia, The 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

Ghana 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.12 0.21

Guinea 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01

Guinea-Bissau 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Keny a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.01

Lesotho 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02

Liberia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Liby a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.16 0.75 1.01 1.15

Madagascar 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03

Malaw i 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05

Mali 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

Mauritania 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.12 0.18 0.17 0.16

Mauritius 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.10 0.21 0.43 2.20 1.75 3.64 5.33 6.10

Morocco 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.21 0.82 1.28 1.54 1.54 1.50 1.56

Mozambique 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.06

Namibia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.42

Niger 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01

Nigeria 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06

Rw anda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.02


Senegal 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.17 0.26 0.33 0.40 0.49 0.63

Sey chelles 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42 1.14 2.94 3.36 3.20 4.56 7.26

Sierra Leone 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Somalia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

South Africa 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.13 0.35 0.69 0.77 0.86 0.97 1.48

Sudan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.11 0.11 0.08 0.03

Sw aziland 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.13 0.14

Tanzania 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Togo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06

Tunisia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.18 0.44 0.95 2.22 3.60 4.60

Uganda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.16

Zambia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.08

Zimbabw e 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.14 0.23 0.26

III.c ICT: Fixed (wired) Broadband Internet Subscribers (per 100 inhabitants)

23



3d ICT: International Internet Bandwith (Mbit/s)

26

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Algeria 9.50 86.30 156.30 156.30 156.30 156.30 156.30 156.30 3 200.00 20 000.00 36 000.00

Angola 1.09 2.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 68.00 191.00 290.00 300.00 600.00 1 200.00

Benin 2.00 2.00 2.10 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 155.00 155.00 205.00 622.00

Botsw ana 6.00 14.00 14.00 23.00 26.00 30.00 30.00 81.00 423.00 500.00 775.00

Burkina Faso 1.00 2.00 8.00 12.00 64.00 72.00 215.00 215.00 499.00 646.00 801.00

Burundi 0.26 0.64 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 10.00 15.50 124.00 152.50

Cameroon 0.26 0.26 9.00 45.00 100.00 155.00 155.00 155.00 200.00 322.00 322.00

Cape Verde 1.00 2.00 3.00 8.00 10.00 14.00 68.00 68.00 155.00 310.00 465.00


Chad 0.26 0.26 0.51 0.51 3.50 3.50 5.50 6.00 19.00 19.20 19.20

Comoros 0.06 0.13 0.26 0.13 0.26 2.00 7.00 7.00 10.00 15.00 166.00

Congo 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.56 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 8.00 12.00 24.00


Cote d'Iv oire 3.26 6.73 19.77 40.48 55.42 55.42 310.00 809.00 1 000.00 3 000.00 4 000.00

Djibouti 0.13 0.51 2.05 2.05 45.00 45.00 90.00 90.00 465.00 600.00 837.00

Egy pt 30.60 335.00 645.00 925.00 1 240.00 3 784.00 7 897.00 13 292.00 24 665.00 63 863.00 90 558.00


Eritrea 0.51 1.00 2.00 2.00 6.00 6.00 8.00 12.00 24.00 30.00 30.00

Ethiopia 1.00 2.00 10.00 10.00 42.00 58.00 118.00 245.00 500.00 897.00 3 333.00

Gabon 0.51 0.51 8.00 45.00 155.00 200.00 200.00 200.00 300.00 465.00 775.00

Gambia 0.13 0.13 2.05 2.05 2.05 9.00 45.00 62.00 68.00 116.00 169.00

Ghana 4.10 4.10 12.00 28.90 28.90 168.00 330.00 497.00 2 015.00 106.00 170.00

Guinea 0.13 0.13 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 85.00 100.00 150.00

Guinea-Bissau 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

Keny a 10.51 26.00 26.00 26.00 34.00 113.39 660.83 337.18 828.31 16 775.00 20 209.56

Lesotho 0.51 1.00 1.02 1.00 2.64 4.29 4.29 8.00 10.00 10.00 26.00

Liberia 0.13 0.13 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 6.00 14.00 55.00

Liby a 2.05 2.05 6.00 6.00 40.00 100.00 124.40 310.00 500.00 9 240.00 10 000.00

Madagascar 3.00 3.00 6.00 20.00 34.00 34.00 100.00 150.00 155.00 230.00 261.00

Malaw i 0.26 2.00 2.64 3.48 4.60 19.49 43.00 67.00 10.00 10.00 690.00

Mali 3.00 3.00 6.00 6.00 18.00 26.00 213.00 213.00 654.00 620.00 775.00

Mauritania 0.77 0.77 9.50 9.50 27.00 45.00 45.00 220.00 245.00 260.00 280.00

Mauritius 6.00 10.00 34.00 63.00 71.00 153.00 192.00 285.50 462.00 1 458.60 3 390.00

Morocco 118.00 136.00 310.00 310.00 1 240.00 7 100.00 11 500.00 25 130.00 25 130.00 51 200.00 75 000.00

Mozambique 3.01 4.48 11.49 18.50 18.50 19.00 72.00 72.00 282.00 602.00 1 280.00

Namibia 3.00 3.07 8.50 8.80 9.00 36.00 46.00 56.00 200.00 500.00 655.00

Niger 0.38 0.51 2.00 2.00 2.00 30.00 70.00 100.00 100.00 172.00 190.00

Nigeria 2.00 9.22 72.00 92.00 117.45 150.00 397.00 693.00 1 500.00 3 000.00 5 000.00

Rw anda 0.13 0.13 10.27 10.00 45.00 54.00 70.00 156.00 267.00 351.00 1 643.00


Senegal 36.00 48.00 79.00 310.00 465.00 775.00 1 240.00 1 705.00 2 900.00 4 660.00 4 800.00

Sey chelles 2.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 14.00 23.50 26.00 44.00 74.50 149.00 185.50

Sierra Leone 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 170.00

Somalia 0.13 1.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00

South Africa 348.00 475.00 564.50 625.50 881.50 881.50 2 485.00 3 380.00 9 967.00 30 000.00 130 000.00

Sudan 0.51 12.00 24.00 90.00 202.00 202.00 202.00 202.00 1 813.00 1 813.00 13 300.00

Sw aziland 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 36.00 42.00 160.00

Tanzania 2.00 4.10 16.00 16.00 16.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 300.00 1 475.00 3 459.00

Togo 1.00 6.00 12.00 14.26 14.26 14.26 14.26 28.52 203.00 1 355.00 1 388.00

Tunisia 48.00 72.00 152.00 155.00 380.00 750.00 1 228.00 3 174.00 11 520.00 28 160.00 51 200.00

Uganda 1.70 5.12 7.70 10.00 60.53 60.53 133.00 344.40 369.00 1 172.00 3 608.00

Zambia 2.05 2.05 5.12 12.00 22.00 22.00 30.00 356.00 402.00 455.20 500.00

Zimbabw e 7.00 7.00 30.00 30.00 55.00 55.00 55.00 57.00 121.00 290.00 434.00

III.d ICT: International Internet bandwidth (Mbit/s)


24



4. Water & Sanitation Composite Index (WSS)

27

IV. Water & Sanitation Composite Index (WSS)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Algeria 90.31 89.59 90.08 89.36 88.63 88.41 88.41 87.68 87.45 87.45 87.45

Angola 34.59 35.58 37.29 37.78 38.77 40.47 41.69 43.40 43.89 45.60 46.09

Benin 32.78 34.00 34.72 34.72 35.93 36.66 37.87 38.59 39.32 40.53 41.25

Botswana 74.93 74.93 75.92 76.41 77.62 78.12 78.61 79.60 80.09 80.58 80.58

Burkina Faso 29.43 31.37 32.81 34.75 36.69 38.13 39.35 40.80 42.73 44.67 46.12

Burundi 54.86 54.86 54.63 55.35 55.35 55.35 55.35 55.35 55.35 55.35 55.35

Cameroon 51.05 51.77 53.22 53.94 55.39 55.62 57.55 58.28 59.00 60.44 60.44

Cape Verde 62.32 63.30 65.01 65.50 67.70 68.20 69.90 70.40 72.11 73.09 74.31


Chad 18.10 18.82 19.31 20.04 20.04 21.25 21.97 21.97 22.70 23.91 23.91

Comoros 60.93 61.42 63.13 63.63 64.84 66.55 67.04 67.04 67.04 67.04 67.04

Congo (Brazzaville) 41.09 41.81 41.81 41.32 41.32 41.32 40.83 40.83 40.83 40.83 40.83

Congo, Dem. Rep. 20.33 20.83 21.32 21.81 22.30 22.80 23.52 24.51 24.51 25.00 25.00

Cote d'Ivoire 47.14 47.86 47.86 47.86 48.58 49.07 49.07 49.07 49.07 49.07 50.29

Djibouti 69.48 69.71 69.45 68.95 69.18 69.41 69.15 69.87 68.89 68.89 68.89

Egypt 92.41 92.90 94.61 95.10 95.60 97.31 97.80 98.29 99.01 99.01 99.01


Eritrea 25.09 26.31 27.76 28.48 30.42 30.42 30.91 30.91 31.63 31.63 31.63

Ethiopia 6.04 7.26 9.20 11.14 12.35 14.29 16.72 18.66 19.87 22.30 22.80

Gabon 59.82 60.54 60.05 60.05 59.55 59.06 59.78 59.78 59.78 59.78 59.78

Gambia, The 71.68 72.40 73.62 74.83 74.83 76.05 77.26 77.26 78.48 78.48 78.48

Ghana 36.89 38.33 39.55 40.76 42.21 43.65 44.37 45.10 46.31 48.25 49.70

Guinea 33.08 34.29 35.74 36.95 37.68 38.40 39.61 40.34 41.55 43.00 43.00

Guinea-Bissau 23.68 25.13 26.34 28.28 29.00 30.22 32.16 32.88 34.82 35.54 36.76

Kenya 32.03 32.52 33.24 33.24 34.46 35.18 35.90 36.40 37.12 37.84 39.06

Lesotho 50.78 50.78 50.06 50.55 50.55 49.83 49.83 49.83 50.55 49.83 49.83

Liberia 30.65 31.37 32.09 33.31 34.52 36.46 37.18 39.12 39.84 41.06 42.27

Libya 67.48 67.48 67.48 67.48 67.48 67.48 67.48 67.48 67.48 67.48 67.48

Madagascar 14.03 14.75 15.47 15.96 16.69 17.90 18.62 19.35 20.07 21.29 21.29

Malawi 48.13 49.57 51.74 53.68 55.12 57.06 59.00 60.44 62.38 63.60 65.77

Mali 22.76 23.49 25.42 26.87 28.81 30.25 31.70 33.64 34.36 36.53 37.74

Mauritania 19.91 21.35 21.85 23.06 23.78 25.00 25.72 26.94 28.87 29.60 29.60

Mauritius 96.06 96.06 96.06 96.06 96.06 96.06 96.06 96.06 96.06 96.06 96.06

Morocco 68.56 68.56 70.27 71.48 71.98 71.98 73.19 73.19 74.41 74.41 75.13

Mozambique 17.90 17.90 19.12 19.84 20.33 21.06 21.55 22.27 22.99 22.99 23.49

Namibia 52.98 54.20 55.64 56.37 58.30 59.03 60.24 61.69 62.41 63.63 63.63

Niger 14.45 15.17 15.90 16.39 17.11 18.33 19.05 19.05 20.50 20.50 20.50

Nigeria 35.71 36.43 37.15 36.66 37.38 37.61 36.89 37.61 38.34 37.84 37.84

Rwanda 51.51 52.00 53.22 52.99 52.99 53.48 54.47 54.47 54.96 55.45 54.73


Senegal 50.52 51.74 51.74 52.23 53.45 53.94 54.66 55.88 55.88 57.09 58.31

Seychelles 94.20 94.20 94.20 94.45 94.70 94.70 94.70 94.70 94.70 94.78 94.86

Sierra Leone 19.31 20.04 20.76 21.97 22.70 23.42 23.42 24.14 24.86 25.59 26.80

Somalia 7.39 7.39 8.84 8.84 9.56 10.28 11.50 12.22 12.22 12.94 12.94

South Africa 79.76 80.49 80.98 81.70 82.92 82.92 83.64 83.64 84.85 85.35 85.35

Sudan 38.76 37.55 37.55 37.55 36.82 36.82 36.10 36.10 36.10 35.38 35.38

Swaziland 43.86 45.30 47.24 48.46 49.90 51.84 53.29 54.73 55.95 57.88 60.05

Tanzania 24.11 24.11 24.11 24.11 24.11 24.60 24.60 23.88 23.88 23.88 23.88

Togo 26.80 27.53 27.53 28.25 28.25 28.97 28.97 29.69 30.42 31.14 31.14

Tunisia 85.61 86.83 87.55 88.53 89.26 90.47 90.47 90.47 90.47 90.47 90.47

Uganda 37.35 38.57 40.01 41.23 41.95 43.39 44.61 46.05 47.27 48.72 49.44

Zambia 42.84 43.56 43.56 44.28 45.01 46.22 45.73 46.45 47.67 48.39 48.39

Zimbabwe 58.18 58.67 58.67 58.18 58.18 58.18 57.45 58.18 58.18 57.68 58.18

25



4a WSS: Improved Water Source (% of population with access)

28

IV.a WSS: Improved Water Source (% of population with access)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Algeria 89 88 88 87 86 85 85 84 83 83 83

Angola 46 46 47 47 47 48 49 50 50 51 51

Benin 66 67 68 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

Botsw ana 95 95 95 95 96 96 96 96 96 96 96

Burkina Faso 60 62 64 66 68 70 71 73 75 77 79

Burundi 72 72 71 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72

Cameroon 64 65 67 68 70 71 73 74 75 77 77

Cape Verde 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88

Central African Republic 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 67

Chad 45 46 46 47 47 48 49 49 50 51 51

Comoros 92 92 93 93 94 95 95 95 95 95 95

Congo 70 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 44 44 44 44 44 44 45 45 45 45 45

Côte d'Iv oire 77 78 78 78 79 79 79 79 79 79 80

Djibouti 82 83 84 84 85 86 87 88 88 88 88

Egy pt 96 96 97 97 97 98 98 98 99 99 99

Equatorial Guinea 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51

Eritrea 54 55 57 58 60 60 60 60 61 61 61

Ethiopia 29 30 32 34 35 37 39 41 42 44 44

Gabon 85 86 86 86 86 86 87 87 87 87 87

Gambia 83 84 85 86 86 87 88 88 89 89 89

Ghana 71 73 74 75 77 79 80 81 82 84 86

Guinea 63 64 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 74 74

Guinea-Bissau 50 52 53 55 56 57 59 60 62 63 64

Keny a 52 52 53 53 54 55 56 56 57 58 59

Lesotho 80 80 79 79 79 78 78 78 79 78 78

Liberia 61 62 63 64 65 67 68 70 71 72 73

Liby a 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54

Madagascar 38 39 40 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 46

Malaw i 62 64 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 80 83

Mali 46 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 60 63 64

Mauritania 40 42 42 43 44 45 46 47 49 50 50

Mauritius 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99

Morocco 78 78 79 80 80 80 81 81 82 82 83

Mozambique 42 42 43 44 44 45 45 46 47 47 47

Namibia 81 82 84 85 87 88 89 91 92 93 93

Niger 42 43 44 44 45 46 47 47 49 49 49

Nigeria 53 54 55 55 56 57 56 57 58 58 58

Rw anda 66 66 67 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 65

Sao Tome and Principe 79 80 81 82 84 85 86 87 89 89 89

Senegal 66 67 67 67 68 68 69 70 70 71 72

Sey chelles 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98

Sierra Leone 46 47 48 49 50 51 51 52 53 54 55

Somalia 22 22 24 24 25 26 27 28 28 29 29

South Africa 86 87 87 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 91

Sudan 62 61 61 61 60 60 59 59 59 58 58

Sw aziland 52 54 56 57 59 61 63 65 66 68 71

Tanzania 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 53 53 53 53

Togo 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 60 61 61

Tunisia 90 91 92 92 93 94 94 94 94 94 94

Uganda 58 59 61 62 63 65 66 68 69 71 72

Zambia 54 55 55 56 57 58 58 59 60 61 61

Zimbabw e 80 80 80 80 80 80 79 80 80 80 80


26



4b WSS: Improved Sanitation Facilities (% of population with access)

29

IV.b WSS: Improved Sanitation Facilities (% of population with access)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Algeria 92 92 93 93 93 94 94 94 95 95 95

Angola 42 44 46 47 49 51 52 54 55 57 58

Benin 9 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 13 13

Botsw ana 52 52 54 55 56 57 58 60 61 62 62

Burkina Faso 11 12 12 13 14 14 15 15 16 17 17

Burundi 45 45 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46

Cameroon 49 49 49 49 49 48 49 49 49 49 49

Cape Verde 44 46 48 49 52 53 55 56 58 60 61

Central African Republic 22 24 25 27 28 29 31 32 34 34 34

Chad 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13

Comoros 28 29 31 32 33 35 36 36 36 36 36

Congo 20 20 20 19 19 19 18 18 18 18 18

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 23 23 24 24

Côte d'Iv oire 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 23 24

Djibouti 60 59 57 56 55 54 52 52 50 50 50

Egy pt 86 87 89 90 91 93 94 95 95 95 95

Equatorial Guinea 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89

Eritrea 11 12 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 14 14

Ethiopia 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 20 21

Gabon 36 36 35 35 34 33 33 33 33 33 33

Gambia 63 63 64 65 65 66 67 67 68 68 68

Ghana 10 10 11 12 12 12 12 12 13 14 14

Guinea 14 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 18 18 18

Guinea-Bissau 14 14 15 16 16 17 18 18 19 19 20

Keny a 28 29 29 29 30 30 30 31 31 31 32

Lesotho 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26

Liberia 12 12 12 13 14 15 15 16 16 17 18

Liby a 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97

Madagascar 12 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 15

Malaw i 46 46 46 47 47 48 49 49 50 51 51

Mali 18 18 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 21 22

Mauritania 21 21 22 23 23 24 24 25 26 26 26

Mauritius 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89

Morocco 64 64 66 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 70

Mozambique 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 17 17 18

Namibia 28 29 29 29 30 30 31 31 31 32 32

Niger 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9

Nigeria 34 34 34 33 33 32 32 32 32 31 31

Rw anda 47 48 49 50 50 51 53 53 54 55 55

Sao Tome and Principe 21 22 23 23 24 24 24 25 26 26 26

Senegal 45 46 46 47 48 49 49 50 50 51 52

Sey chelles 87 87 87 87.5 88 88 88 88 88 88 88

Sierra Leone 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13

Somalia 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 23

South Africa 75 75 76 76 77 77 77 77 78 79 79

Sudan 27 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26

Sw aziland 52 52 53 54 54 55 55 55 56 57 57

Tanzania 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10

Togo 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

Tunisia 81 82 82 84 84 85 85 85 85 85 85

Uganda 30 31 31 32 32 32 33 33 34 34 34

Zambia 47 47 47 47 47 48 47 47 48 48 48

Zimbabw e 40 41 41 40 40 40 40 40 40 39 40

The Africa Infrastructure · 2014-04-04 · AfDB Chief Economist Complex The Africa Infrastructure...

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