Ideological Spectrum Liberalism (the left) Conservatism (the right) RadicalModerate Reactionary.
The Advent of the -Isms: Chap. 20 Nationalism, Liberalism, Conservatism.
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Transcript of The Advent of the -Isms: Chap. 20 Nationalism, Liberalism, Conservatism.
The Advent of the -Isms: Chap. 20
Nationalism, Liberalism, Conservatism
What is an “isms”?¨ Conscious espousal of a doctrine –
in opposition with other doctrines
¨ Conservatism / Radicalism / Liberalism / Nationalism / Socialism / Communism / Individualism / Constitutionalism / Feminism / Humanitarianism / Monarchism / Utilitarianism
Definition: State
¨ a : a politically organized body of people usually occupying a definite territory; especially : one that is sovereign
¨ b : the political organization of such a body of people
Source: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/state
Definition: Nation
¨ b : a community of people composed of one or more nationalities and possessing a more or less defined territory and government
¨ c : a territorial division containing a body of people of one or more nationalities and usually characterized by relatively large size and independent status
Source: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nation?show=0&t=1327677480
Definition: Nation State
¨ a form of political organization under which a relatively homogeneous people inhabits a sovereign state; especially : a state containing one as opposed to several nationalities
¨ First known usage 1918Source: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nation-state
Nationalism¨ Evolves from real (or imagined)
cultural unity– Try to turn cultural unity into political
reality– Territories of each people could create
new states/countries– Common languages, traditions =
unity– This could create common loyalty and
self-government
Four determining factors of Nationhood (RCQ 7.1 #3)1. ethnic groups large enough to support a
viable economy
2. ethnic groups possessed a significant cultural history
3. ethnic groups possess a cultural elite who could spread the language
4. ethnic groups had a military capable of conquering others and protecting themselves
Proponents of Nationalism¨ Herder’s Volksgeist: national spirit
– But necessarily includes comparison: generates ideas of racial/cultural superiority --- we vs. they
¨ Nationalistic Groups– Italy
• Carbonari in Italy vs. Napoleon & Congress System
– Pro Italian Republic• Joseph Mazzini, 1805-1872: Duties of Man
– “Oh my Brother! Love your Country! Our Country is our home!”
– Banished 1830 – established secret society: Young Italy – pro unification
Proponents of Nationalism¨ Nationalistic groups
–German States• Burschenschaften & Frankfurt
Assembly in German States• Young Germany group modeled
after Young Italy–Slavophiles in Austrian Empire–Russification in Russia under Tsar
Nicholas
Classical Liberalism – see RCQs for more specifics¨ Pro laissez faire economy – Great Britain!
– Good: fostered Industrial Revolution– Bad: fostered exploitation of workers
¨ Liberty and Equality– Equality before the law – Freedom of speech, press, assembly, peaceful
opposition¨ Religious toleration / separation of Church &
State¨ Limited male suffrage NOT democracy
– Confidence in human capacity to self-govern (kind of)¨ Ministerial Responsibility ¨ Nationalist: each people est. its own govt.¨ Benjamin Constant, pg. 621¨ John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, 1867
Reflection Questions for John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty¨ According to Mill, when can one
person/government control/exercise their will over another person?
¨ What is social tyranny?¨ What is human liberty?¨ Whose political/social ideas does Mill stand
in direct opposition to in this text?
Relationship btw. Nationalism and Liberalism
Liberals
support nationalists in other countries when …
Nationalists support ideas like representative government, civil liberties and economic freedom (for their ethnic group)
Write it Down!
1. Is liberalism more or less radical for our 21st sensibilities? Defend your opinion.
2. Describe the role of nationalism (19th century definition) in 21st century US politics.