THE ADVANCED PLACEMENT UNITED STATES HISTORY EXAMINATION Friday, May __ 2006 @ LNE 7:30 a.m. 80 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS = 50% of AP Grade - 55 minutes 20% of questions deal with period: Pre-Columbian - 1789 45% of questions deal with period: 1790-1914 35% of questions deal with period: 1915-present The Multiple-choice section may include a few questions from the period since 1980. None of the essays will deal EXCLUSIVELY with this period although parts of a question may enter into the period after 1980. The questions will cover: Multiple-Choice % Political institutions, behavior, and public policy 35% Social change, and cultural and intellectual developments 40% Diplomacy and international relations 15% Economic developments 10% Students are scored on the number of correct responses and docked for incorrect responses. The formula is on the reverse side of this sheet. FREE RESPONSE SECTION = 50% of AP Grade - 2 hours 10 minutes Part A: #1. DBQ - Documents Based Question = 22.5% Part B: #2 and #3. FREE RESPONSE ESSAYS: Students will select either question #2 or #3, each covering a different time period = 13.75% Part C: #4 and #5. FREE RESPONSE ESSAYS: Students will select either question #4 or #5, each covering a different time period = 13.75% WHAT DO THOSE SCORES MEAN ANYWAY? The exam is scored on a 5-point scale. 5 = extremely well qualified 4 = well qualified 3 = qualified 2 = possibly qualified 1 = no recommendation A 3 is an excellent score and is considered passing the exam. Some colleges accept a 3 for college credit. Most (90%+) colleges and universities will accept a 4 and nearly all will accept a 5. It is a good idea to check the institutions’ AP credit policies prior to the exam.

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A Chronology Of The Document-Based Questions (DBQs) From The Advanced Placement U. S. History Test

The following are the DBQ questions from all of the years in which they have been given. Knowing what has been asked in the past, what do you think your question or topic will be?

Year Question

2004 In what ways did the French and Indian War (1754-63) alter the political, economic, and ideological relations between Britain and its American colonies? Use the documents and your knowledge of the period 1740-1766 in constructing your response.

2003

Analyze the responses of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration to the problems of the Great Depression. How effective were these responses? How did they change the role of the federal government? Use the documents and your knowledge of the period 1929-1941 to construct your essay.

2002 [1810-1860] “Reform movements in the United States sought to expand democratic ideals.” Assess the validity of this statement with specific reference to the years 1825-1850.

2001

[1920-1970] What were the Cold War fears of the American people in the aftermath of the Second World War? How successfully did the administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower address these fears? Use the documents and your knowledge of the years 1948-1961 to construct your response.

2000 [1875-1925] How successful was organized labor in improving the position of workers in the period from 1875 to 1900? Analyze the factors that contributed to the level of success achieved.

1999 [1750-1800] To what extent had the colonists developed a sense of their identity and unity as Americans by the eve of the Revolution? Use the documents and your knowledge of the period 1750 to 1776 to answer the question.

1998

[1775-1825] With respect to the federal Constitution, the Jeffersonian Republicans are usually characterized as strict constructionists who were opposed to the broad constructionism of the Federalists. To what extent was this characterization of the two parties accurate during the presidencies of Jefferson and Madison? In writing your answer, use the documents and your knowledge of the period 1801-1817.

1997 [1875-1925] To what extent did economic and political developments as well as assumptions about the nature of women affect the position of American women during the period 1890-1925?

1996 [1850-1900] In what ways and to what extent did constitutional and social developments between 1860 and 1877 amount to a revolution? Use the documents and your knowledge of the period from 1860 to 1877 to answer the question.

1995 Analyze the changes that occurred during the 1960s in the goals, strategies, and support of the movement for African American civil rights. Use the documents and your knowledge of the 1960s to construct your answer.

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Year Question

1994

To what extent was late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century United States expansionism a continuation of past United States expansionism and to what extent was it a departure? Use the documents and your knowledge of United States history to 1914 to construct your answer.

1993

Although New England and the Chesapeake region were both settled largely by people of English origin, by 1700 the regions had evolved into two distinct societies. Why did this difference in development occur? Use the documents AND your knowledge of the colonial period up to 1700 to develop your answer.

1992

To what extent did the natural environment shape the development of the West beyond the Mississippi and the lives of those who lived and settled there? How important were other factors? Use BOTH evidence from the documents AND your knowledge of the period from the 1840s through the 1890s to compose your answer.

1991

It was the strength of the opposition forces, both liberal and conservative, rather than the ineptitude and stubbornness of President Wilson that led the Senate defeat of the Treaty of Versailles. Using the documents and your knowledge of the period 1917-1921, assess the validity of this statement.

1990

Jacksonian Democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the United States Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. In the light of the following documents and your knowledge of the 1820s and 1830s, to what extent do you agree with the Jacksonians’ view of themselves.

1989

Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. DuBois offered different strategies for dealing with the problems of poverty and discrimination faced by Black Americans at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries. Using the documents and your knowledge of the period 1877-1915, assess the appropriateness of each of these strategies in the historical context in which each was developed.

1988

The United States decision to drop an atomic bomb on Hiroshima was a diplomatic measure calculated to intimidate the Soviet Union in the post-Second -World-War era rather than a strictly military measure designed to force Japan’s unconditional surrender. Evaluate this statement using the documents and your knowledge of the military and diplomatic history of the years 1939 through 1947.

1987

“By the 1850s the Constitution, originally framed as an instrument of national unity, had become a source of sectional discord and tension and ultimately contributed to the failure of the union it had created.” Using the documents and your knowledge of the period 1850-1861, assess the validity of this statement.

1986 The 1920s were a period of tension between new and changing attitudes on the one hand and traditional values and nostalgia on the other. What led to the tension between old and new AND in what ways was the tension manifested?

1985 “From 1781 to 1789 the Articles of Confederation provided the United States with an effective government.” Using the documents and your knowledge of the period, evaluate this statement.

1984 President Franklin D. Roosevelt is commonly thought of as a liberal and President Herbert C. Hoover as a conservative. To what extent are these characterizations valid?

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Year Question

1983

Documents A-H reveal some of the problems that many farmers in the late nineteenth-century (1880-1900) saw as threats to their way of life. Using the documents and your knowledge of the period, (a) explain the reasons for agrarian discontent and (b) evaluate the validity of the farmers’ complaints.

1982

John Brown’s raid on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in October 1859, involved only a handful of abolitionists, freed no slaves, and was over in two days. Although many Northerners condemned the raid, by 1863 John Brown had become a hero and martyr in the North. To what extent and in what ways do the views about John Brown expressed in the documents illustrate changing North-South relations between 1859 and 1863?

1981 How and why did the lives and status of Northern middle-class women change between 1776 and 1876?

1980

“The decision of the Jackson administration to remove the Cherokee Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River in the 1830s was more a reformulation of the national policy that had been in effect since the 1790s than a change in that policy.” Assess the validity of this generalization with reference to the moral, political, constitutional, and practical concerns that shaped national Indian policy between 1789 and the mid-1830s.

1979

To what extent and for what reasons did the policies of the federal government from 1865 to 1900 violate the principles of laissez faire, which advocated minimal governmental intervention in the economy? Consider with specific reference to the following three areas of policy: railroad land grants, control of interstate commerce, and antitrust activities.

1978

What accounts for the success of the prohibition movement in the United States during the era of progressive reform, 1900-1919? Consider the social composition of the prohibitionists, their motives, strategy and pressure-group tactics, and the relationship of prohibitionism to progressive reform.

1977 The debate over the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 revealed bitter controversies on a number of issues. Discuss the issues involved and explain why these controversies developed.

1976 Was American Society, as evidenced by Wethersfield, Connecticut, becoming more “democratic” in the period from the 1750s to the 1780s? Discuss with reference to property distribution, social structure, politics, and religion.

1975 Analyze the factors that influenced the Senate in ratifying the Treaty of Paris in 1899 and assess their relative significance. Your analysis and assessment should take into account the complexities and/or contradictions presented by the evidence.

1974 To what extent was the President-elect Abraham Lincoln responsible for the defeat of the Crittenden proposal on the territorial expansion of slavery?

1973 Relying on a critical evaluation of the accompanying documents, analyze the factors that probably influenced Congress to pass the Immigration Act of 1924.

The Documents Based Question (DBQ) on the AP Exam APUSH - Cornwell PART I: Strategies for answering it completely and effectively. 1. Read the question carefully. Read it again 2. Do not read the documents yet. 3. List every item or person you know about the time period being discussed. Names, events, acts, and writings. 4. Outline your essay briefly using no documents. 5. NOW, Read the documents. Highlight them with pens. 6. Fit the documents into your essay outline 7. Note any additional information you recall that is triggered by your reading of the document. 8. After finishing this process, begin work on the opening paragraph of your essay. The introduction should be carefully crafted and explicitly state their argument. The sooner the thesis, the better. PART II: The actual writing of the essay. 1. Neatly rewrite opening paragraph in exam booklet. 2. Incorporate outside information by: a. In the second paragraph, set the scene to establish the historical context. b. Don’t just gratuitously use outside information. Make sure it fits. 3. Somewhere, in the essay, include a concession statement. This confronts the point of view the student does not intend to take. = Demonstrates your understanding of the complexity of the issue and offers another opportunity to incorporate outside information into the essay. 4. You do not need to use all documents but should use most. 5. Do not quote extensively because it wastes time and detracts from your analysis. a. better to mention the author or chart or cartoon you’re referring to than to quote extensively. PART III: The conclusion. 1. Should definitely line up with the thesis. 2. Don’t make it “cheesy” or just slop it together. 3. No conclusion is better than a disastrous one.

Document Based Questions

The Advanced Placement exams in history (American, European, and now World) include multiple-choice questions, free-choice essays, and a document-based question (DBQ). This third type of question poses a question or asks the student to analyze an issue within the context of a group of documents, some of which the student may have seen, but many of which are new to the student.

The purpose of this page is to provide some DBQ Do's and Dont's, give examples of DBQs released by the College Board (other past DBQs are copyrighted and must be purchased from the College Board), provide a list of the past quarter-century of DBQ questions and offer other links to DBQ resources.

The U.S. History 2003 DBQ question will be a secret until the day of the test, which is Friday, May 9. The College Board no longer releases the time period of the DBQ.

DBQ Do's & Dont's

Do the following things with a DBQ Don't do the following things with a

DBQ Read carefully and make sure you understand the question being asked.

Respond to a question that isn't asked.

Quickly jot down the major themes/events/people you associate with this topic or question.

Use "I" statements such as "I think that Document A portrays..."

Read over the documents, noting the year and author/source of each one. If the document seems to support or oppose a possible perspective or opinion on the question, note that in the margin.

Summarize the documents. The reader knows the content of the documents and is interested in how you view the document relating to the question.

Write out a preliminary thesis and outline of your major points. Quote long passages from the documents. Use an ellipsis "..." if you need to quote.

As you begin to write, remember to weave the documents into your answer, always focusing on the thesis.

Try to impress the reader with big words that are used incorrectly. This has the opposite effect of what is intended.

Include your knowledge of the era along with your analysis of the documents.

Spend so much time reading and underlining the documents that you have to rush your writing.

Be sure to include your own analyis/perspective on the question. Begin writing your answer until you have a good sense of your thesis and how you want to approach the question.

If you can knowledgeably quote or refer to an historian who has a perspective on this question, include his or her perspective.

Write "I ran out of time" on the bottom of your essay. You had as much time as every test-taker in America.

Keep an eye on the clock so that you can have time to re-read your essay for any obvious technical errors.

Be as specific as possible when you include historical information.

Be assertive and forceful in making your points.

Doing the free-response essays (Parts B and C)

These essays will focus on the chronological periods not covering the DBQ.

These essays generally follow two patterns:

1. The first is more open ended and often calls for students to analyze the reasons for a historical event such as the birth of populism.

2. The second approach contains some built-in prompts such as a question that asks students to assess three of the following on the decision of the US to declare war in 1917: the influence of propaganda, economic interests, Wilsonian idealism, German naval policy, and America’s claim to world power.

It is of utmost importance to read and understand the question prior to attempting to answer it. Don’t simply launch into a description. Especially if the question is one you recognize and feel as though you know a lot about the topic (s) in question.

Read and re-read the question and then begin to formulate your answer based on your prior knowledge to address the question.

A good, ‘clean’ essay with a thesis statement up front is the key.

© Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Essay Planning Sheet

7109_WG_GLOBAL_TR.AI

Introductory paragraph

Lead:

Thesis statement:

Body paragraph 1

Topic sentence:

Detail sentence:

Detail sentence:

Detail sentence:

Body paragraph 2

Topic sentence:

Detail sentence:

Detail sentence:

Detail sentence:

Body paragraph 3

Topic sentence:

Detail sentence:

Detail sentence:

Detail sentence:

Concluding paragraph

Restatement of thesis:

Conclusion:

Name: Date:

AP EXAM REVIEW: UNITED STATES HISTORY APUSH - CORNWELL

POLITICAL ISSUES, EVENTS & CONCEPTS

Colonial Settlement & Founders Roanoke (Lost Colony) (1585) – Sir Walter Raleigh Jamestown (1607) – John Smith Plymouth Colony (1620) – William Bradford (Pilgrims) Massachusetts Bay Colony (1629) – John Winthrop (Puritans) Rhode Island (1631/38) – Roger Williams & Ann Hutchinson Maryland (1634) – Lord Baltimore (The Calverts) Catholic Refuge Pennsylvania (1681) – William Penn (Quakers) Georgia (1732) – James Oglethorpe (“debtors”, buffer against Spanish) Government Virginia House of Burgesses (1619) – first colonial representative government Albany Plan (1754) – Ben Franklin – failed effort at unity in reaction to French & Indian War Stamp Act Congress (1765) – unity against “ taxation without representation” First Continental Congress (1774) – response to the Coercive/Intolerable Act Second Continental Congress (1775 – 1781) – Lexington & Concord; Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation (1781 – 1789) – loose Confederation, weak central government Constitution (1789 – present) – “a living document”; flexibility – amendment process; separation of powers, checks & balances -- federalism Documents Mayflower Compact (1620) -- Pilgrims Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) Maryland Toleration Act (1649) Virginia Declaration of Rights Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom Declaration of Independence (1776) – Jefferson

John Locke – “ natural rights” Thomas Paine -- Common Sense

Constitution (1787 – 89) – James Madison (“father of”) Philadelphia Convention (1787) Great Compromise – Virginia Plan & New Jersey Plan (Connecticut Plan) Three-fifths Compromise – slavery and representation & taxation Ratification Debate (1789)

Federalists v. Antifederalists Federalists Papers (Madison, Hamilton & Jay) Bill of Rights (1791)

Amendments First – five basic freedoms Thirteen, Fourteen & Fifteen – Reconstruction Sixteen, Seventeen, Eighteen, Nineteen (Twenty One) – Progressive Era Twenty Six – 18 year-old vote

Declaration of Rights and Sentiments – Seneca Falls Convention (1848) Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

Supreme Court Cases Marbury v. Madison (1803) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Gibbons v. Ogden (1821) Scott v. Sanford (1857) Munn v. Illinois (1873) Wabash v. Illinois (1886) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Insular Cases (1901)

Schenck v. United States (1919) Brown v Board of Education (1954) Gideon v. Wainright (1963) Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Roe v. Wade (1973) U.S. v. Nixon 1974) Bakke v. Regents of the University of California (1978)

Supreme Court Chief Justices John Marshall (1801-35) Roger B. Taney (1836-64)

Earl Warren (1953-69) Warren Burger (1969-86)

Trials John Zenger (1735) Sacco & Vanzetti (1921*)

John T. Scopes (1925) Leopold-Loeb (19??)

Political Parties Federalist Party – Hamilton, J. Adams (G. Washington) (1796 – 1816) Democratic-Republican Party (Jeffersonian Republicans) – Jefferson, Madison, Monroe (1796 – 1828) Democratic Party – Jackson, Cleveland, Wilson, FDR, Truman, JFK, LBJ (1828 – present) Anti-Masons (1831) – first national nominating convention Whig Party – Clay, Webster, Wm. Harrison, Taylor (1830s – 1850s) Know-Nothing (American) Party (1840s & ‘50s) Republican Party – Lincoln, TR, Hoover, Eisenhower, Nixon, Reagan (1854 – present) Populist Party – William Jennings Bryan (1892 – 1896) Progressive Party (Bull Moose) – TR (1912) Socialist Party – Eugene Debs Dixiecrats – Strom Thurmond (1948) American Independent Party – George Wallace (1968) Reform Party – Ross Perot (1992) Hartford Convention – War of 1812, demise of Federalists Jacksonian Democracy – increased voting rights, democratic participation (Spoils System) The Gilded Age – “the era of forgettable presidents” & the spoilsmen Presidents & their Programs Theodore Roosevelt – Square Deal (1904); New Nationalism (1912) Woodrow Wilson – New Freedom (1912) Franklin Roosevelt – New Deal (1932) Harry Truman – Fair Deal (1948) Dwight D. Eisenhower – Modern Republicanism (1952) John F. Kennedy – The New Frontier (1960) LBJ – The Great Society (1964) Nixon – New Federalism (1968)

Elections The Revolution of 1800 – Jefferson v. Adams -- “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists” 1824 – Favorite Sons – Corrupt Bargain (House of Representatives) – JQA, Clay & Jackson 1844 – Manifest Destiny - “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight” – Polk 1858 – Lincoln v. Douglas – Freeport Doctrine 1860 – Republican victory – Secession of the South (Lincoln) 1876 – Compromise of 1877 – Hayes v. Tilden – end of Reconstruction 1896 – Cross of Gold speech – Bryan v. McKinley 1912 – Progressivism – Wilson, TR & Taft (Debs) 1932 – New Deal – FDR “…nothing to fear but fear itself” 1940 – unprecedented third term – FDR 1960 – First Catholic -- JFK 1968 – Democratic Convention – Humphrey v. McCarthy; Vietnam, demonstrations 1972 – Watergate – Nixon v. McGovern 1980 – Reagan Revolution -- Reagan v. Carter Presidential Speeches Washington’s Farewell Address – “political parties & foreign entanglements” Jefferson’s Inaugural Speech – “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.” Lincoln – first & second inaugurals, Gettysburg Address FDR – first inaugural, Four Freedoms Eisenhower’s Farewell Address – “military industrial complex” JFK – inaugural – “…ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.” Legislation, Proclamations & Resolutions Navigation Acts* (1651 – 1733) Proclamation Act* (1763) Stamp Act* (1765) Coercive/Intolerable Acts* (1774) Ordinance of 1785 Land Ordinance of 1787 Judiciary Act of 1789 Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) Alien & Sedition (Naturalization) Acts (1798) Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions (1799) Embargo Act (1807) Nonintercourse Act (1809) Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810) Missouri Compromise (1820) Tariff of Abominations (1828) Indian Removal Act (1830) Force Bill (1833) Specie Circular (1836) Wilmot Proviso (1846) Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Homestead Act (1862) Emancipation Proclamation (1863) Reconstruction Act (1867) Tenure of Office Act (1868) Pendleton Act (1883) Dawes Act (1887)

Interstate Commerce Act (1887) Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) Teller Amendment (1896) Platt Amendment (1901) Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) Mann Act (1910) Federal Reserve Act (1913) Espionage & Sedition Acts (1916) Selective Service Act (1916) Volstead Act (1919) NIRA (1933) AAA (1933) TVA (1933) Social Security Act (1935) Wagner Labor Relations Act (1935) Selective Service Act (1940) Smith Act (1940) Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (GI Bill) (1944) Employment Act of 1946 Taft-Hartley Act (1947) McCarran Internal Security Act (1950) Interstate Highway Act (1956) Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) Civil Rights Act (1964) Voting Rights Act (1965) War Powers Act (1973)

Foreign Policy Doctrines Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) Monroe Doctrine (1823) Open Door Notes (1899) Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine (1902) (“big stick policy”) Dollar Diplomacy – Taft vis-à-vis Latin America Good Neighbor Policy – Hoover & FDR vis-à-vis Latin America Stimson Doctrine (1931) Truman Doctrine (1947) “containment” Marshall Plan* (1947) Eisenhower Doctrine (1957) “roll-back, liberation, brinkmanship”; “massive retaliation” Nixon Doctrine (1969) Carter Doctrine (1979*) Isolationism – Washington’s Farewell Address, Monroe Doctrine, Interwar years (1920s & ‘30s) Domino Theory – Indochina MAD – “mutual assured destruction” (Cold War) Treaties Ending Wars/Conflicts Treaty of Paris of 1763 – French and Indian War Treaty of Paris of 1783 – Revolutionary War Treaty of Ghent – War of 1812 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo – Mexican War (1848) Treaty of Paris of 1898 – Spanish-American War Treaty of Versailles – First World War Treaty of 1945 – World War II (V-E Day; V-J Day) Korean Armistice – 1953 Paris Peace Accords – 1973 – Vietnam Treaties Franco-American Treaty* (1778) – Revolutionary War Jay Treaty (1794) – British forts in Northwest Territory Pinckney Treaty (1795) – navigation of Mississippi R., “right of deposit” at New Orleans Louisiana Purchase (1803) Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817) – Great Lakes Treaty of 1818 – Canadian border, 49th parallel Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) -- Florida Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842) – Maine-Canada border Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850) – Canal through Central America Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901) – Panama Canal Four, Five and Nine Power Treaties (1921-22) (Washington Naval Conference) Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) – “outlaw” war except for defense NATO (1949) – collective security for Western Europe U.S. – Japanese Security Treaty (1951) SEATO (1954) – collective security for Southeast Asia CENTO (195?) – Iran SALT I (1972) – Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty INF START

Wars & Conflicts French and Indian War (1754 – 1763) Revolution/War for Independence (1775 – 1781) – John Hancock (George Washington) War of 1812 (1812 – 1814) – Madison Texas War for Independence (1835 – 1836) – Jackson (Sam Houston) Mexican War (1846 – 1848) – Polk Civil War (1861 – 1865) – Lincoln (Jefferson Davis) Spanish-American War (1898) – McKinley First World War (1914/16 – 1918) (The Great War) – Wilson Second World War (1939/41 – 1945) – FDR Korean War (1950 – 1953) -- Truman Vietnam War (1961* – 1973) – JFK, LBJ, Nixon Gulf War (1990 – 1991) – George H. Bush Undeclared Wars and Crisis Quasi-War with France – (1798 – 1800) Barbary Pirates (1801-05) Filipino Insurrection (1898 -- 1902) Emilio Aguinaldo Mexico (1915-16) – Pancho Villa Berlin Airlift (1948) Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) – JFK Iran Hostage Crisis (1979-81) – Carter, the Shah & the Ayatollah Iran-Contra Affair (1986) – Reagan, Oliver North Battles Lexington & Concord (1775) Bunker (Breed’s)Hill (1775) Saratoga (1777) Yorktown (1781) New Orleans (1815) Bull Run (1861) Antietam (1862) Vicksburg (1863)

Gettysburg (1863) San Juan Hill (1898) Manila Bay (1898) Pearl Harbor (1941) D-Day (1944) Battle of the Bulge (1944) Tet Offensive (1968)

Territorial Expansion Treaty of Paris (1783) – Atlantic to Mississippi River Louisiana Purchase (1803) – Mississippi River West Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) -- Florida Annexation of Texas (1845) – joint resolution of Congress Oregon Treaty (1846) – 49th parallel Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) – Mexican Cession Gadsden Purchase (1853) – completes continental 48 states; southern continental railroad Ostend Manifesto (1854) – plan to “acquire” Cuba Alaska Purchase (1867) – Seward’s Folly Annexation of Hawaii (1898) Treaty of Paris (1898) – “overseas empire” – Puerto Rico, Philippines

ECONOMIC POLICIES, ISSUES, EVENTS & CONCEPTS Economic Issues & Programs Mercantilism “salutary neglect” Hamilton’s Economic program – Alexander Hamilton – national debt, national bank, excise tax, protective tariff* The American System – Henry Clay – internal improvements, national bank, protective tariff Tariff Policy

1816 – American System 1828 – Tariff of Abominations 1909 – Payne-Aldrich 1913 – Underwood-Simmons 1929 – Hawley-Smoot

New Deal Hundred Days Alphabet Soup Deficit spending – John Maynard Keynes The War on Poverty – LBJ (expansion of New Deal) Revenue Sharing – Nixon (block grants to states) Reaganomics – supply-side economics (trickle-down theory) Main sources of government revenue in 18th & 19th centuries – land sales, excise tax, tariffs “monetary policy” inflation bimetallism (Populist) New sources of government revenue in 20th century – individual & corporate income taxes (16th Amendment) Panics, Recessions & Depressions 1819 – Monroe 1837 – Van Buren 1857 – Buchanon 1873 – Grant

1893 – Cleveland 1929 – Hoover, Mellon, FDR 1970s – Nixon, Ford & Carter 1981-- Reagan

Industrialization & Urbanization Captains of Industry – Carnegie, Rockefeller, Vanderbilt, Morgan Corporations – horizontal & vertical integration; trusts; holding companies Growth of cities – urbanization Social Darwinism – Herbert Spencer Gospel of Wealth – Andrew Carnegie Henry Ford – assembly line Frederick Taylor – scientific management Labor Eli Whitney – cotton ‘gin Lowell Factory System Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842) – labor unions NOT illegal monopolies that restrained trade Knights of Labor – Terrance Powderly, Haymarket Square American Federation of Labor – Samuel Gompers Industrial Workers of the World – “Big” Bill Haywood Congress of Industrial Organizations – John L. Lewis Strikes Great Railroad (1877) Haymarket Square Riot (1886) Homestead Strike (1892) Pullman Strike (1894)

Anthracite Coal Strike (1902) Triangle Shirtwaist Factory (1910) Boston Policy Strike (1919– 20) UAW v. GM (1937)

Changes in the Work Force First Great Migration – African Americans to northern cities (1915 – 20) Second Great Migration – African Americans to northern cities & the West coast (1940 – 45) Women in the work place – Rosie the Riveter (WWII) Women in the work place – 1960s & 1970s (“women’s lib”, economic necessity) Transportation Steam boat – Fulton (1807) National Road – (1807 – 1816) Erie Canal (1825) Transcontinental Railroad – Promontory Point, Utah (1869) Panama Canal (1914) Transatlantic Flight – Charles Lindbergh (1927)

CULTURAL & SOCIAL ISSUES & EVENTS Literature Herman Melville – Moby Dick Nathaniel Hawthorne – The Scarlet Letter James Fenimore Cooper – Last of the Mohicans Ralph Waldo Emerson – Civil Disobedience Henry David Thoreau – Walden Harriet Beecher Stowe – Uncle Tom’s Cabin Hinton R. Helper – Impending Crisis of the South Helen Hunt Jackson – Century of Dishonor Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lived Edward Bellamy – Looking Backward,2000-1887 Henry George – Progress and Poverty Ida Tarbell – The History of the Standard Oil Company Upton Sinclair – The Jungle F. Scott Fitzgerald – The Great Gatsby John Steinbeck – Grapes of Wrath Sinclair Lewis – Main Street Joseph Heller – Catch 22 J. D. Salinger – Catcher in the Rye Jack Kerouac – On the Road David Riesman – The Lonely Crowd Rachel Carson – Silent Spring Michael Harrington – The Other America John Winthrop – City Upon a Hill Jonathan Edwards – Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Patrick Henry – “…give me liberty or give me death.” (Stamp Act Congress) Thomas Paine – Common Sense Frederick Jackson Turner – Frontier Thesis Schools/Periods of Literature Romanticism Realism – Stephan Crane Yellow Journalism – Hearst & Pulitzer (1890s) Muckrakers – Ida Tarbell, John Spargo, Lincoln Steffens, Upton Sinclair (1880s- 1910) The Lost Generation – Fitzgerald, Hemingway, Lewis, Eliot (Gertrude Stein) (1920s) The Harlem Renaissance – Langston Hughes (1920s) The Beat Generation – Alan Ginsburg, Jack Kerouac, David Riesman (1950s)

Publishers William Lloyd Garrison – The Liberator Frederick Douglass – The North Star

William Randolph Hearst – The Journal Joseph Pulitzer – The World

Art Hudson River School

George Caleb Bingham Thomas Cole Frederick Church

Ash Can Modernism Abstract Expressionism Andy Warhol Movies & Television Birth of a Nation – D. W. Griffith (1915) The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit – Sloan Wilson (1957) All in the Family Norman Lear (1960s – 1970s) Movements First Great Awakening (1739) – George Whitfield & Jonathan Edwards Deism (Clock maker) – Franklin &Jefferson Second Great Awakening – (1830) Charles Finney Mormons – Joseph Smith & Brigham Young Unitarianism – William Ellery Channing Transcendentalism – Emerson & Thoreau Abolitionism – Garrison, Douglass, the Grimke sisters Utopian societies – Brook Farm & Oneida Public Education – Puritans, Horace Mann, John Dewey Nativism – 1840s & ‘50s; 1890s; 1920s (KKK) Harlem Renaissance – Langston Hughes Populist – William Jennings Bryan Prohibition – 18th & 21st Amendments;WCTU Progressive -- John Dewey & William James; TR, Taft, WW & LaFollette Women’s Rights – Abigail Adams, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony, Alice Paul

Margaret Sanger, Betty Friedan (NOW), Angela Davis, Phyllis Schlafly, ERA “republican mother”, “flappers”, “cult of domesticity”

McCarthyism – Joseph McCarthy Salem Witchcraft trials (1692-1693)

Counterculture & the New Left (1960s) – hippies & the SDS Moral Majority – Jerry Falwell (1980) Immigration & Related Legislation Nativism (1840s, 1890s, 1920s) Old immigrants – Northern & Western Europe (1776 – 1865) New immigrants – Southern & Eastern Europe (1890 – 1915) political machines & bosses – Boss Tweed, George Washington Plunkett (Tammany Hall)

settlement houses” – Jane Addams (Hull House) Social Gospel Chinese Exclusion Act (1873) Gentlemen’s Agreement (1907-08) Emergency Quota Act of 1921 National Origins Act of 1924 Bracero program (1942) Immigration Act of 1965

Rebellion’s, Uprisings, Marches & Protests Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) Shays’ Rebellion (1786) Whiskey Rebellion (1793)

Coxey’s Army (1894) Bonus Army (1932) March on Washington (1963)

Native Americans Pueblo Revolt (1680 – 1692) Iroquois Confederacy Pontiac – 1763 rebellion Tecumseh – Battle of Fallen Timbers (1811) Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse – Battle of the Little Big Horn (Sioux War of 1875-76) Chief Joseph – “I’ll Fight No More” Trail of Tears (1836) Battle of Wounded Knee (1890) AIM – American Indian Movement (1968) Slavery & Civil Rights Crispus Attucks – Boston Massacre (1770) Denmark Vesey – slave rebellion (1822) Nat Turner – slave rebellion (1831) Frederick Douglass – runaway slave, abolitionist Harriet Tubman – Underground Railroad (1850s) Booker T. Washington – Atlanta Compromise (1895) W.E.B. DuBois – Niagara Movement (1905) Ida B. Wells – jounalist, Free Speech (1891) Marcus Garvey – Negro Improvement Association (1919) Rosa Parks – Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955) Martin Luther King, Jr. (1955 – 1968) Malcolm X – Nation of Islam Shirley Chisholm – first African American female elected to Congress (1968) Civil Rights Organizations Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) Niagara Movement (1905) NAACP (1909) – DuBois, Roger Wilkins CORE (1942) – James Farmer SCLC (1957) -- MLK, Jr.

SNCC (1960) – Stokely Carmichael Black Panthers (1966) – Huey Newton Black Muslims – Malcom X Nation of Islam – Louis Farakhan Organization of Afro-American Unity – Malcolm X

Civil Rights Twentieth Century Time Line Pres. Truman establishes Committee on Civil Rights (1946) Jackie Robinson Pres. Truman “desegregates” the federal government & the armed services (1948) Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955) – Rosa Parks Little Rock (1957) – Central High, Gov. Orval Faubus Sit-ins – Greensboro (1960) Freedom Riders (1961) March on Washington (1963) March from Selma to Montgomery (1965) Summer Riots (1965-68) Martin Luther King, Jr. assassinated – April 4, 1968

Civil Rights Legislation & Court Cases Civil Rights Act of 1866 “black codes” -- reconstruction Civil Rights Act of 1875 Jim Crow laws Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) – “separate but equal” Civil Rights Acts of 1948 Brown v. Board of Education (1954) – overturns Plessy Civil Rights Act of 1957 – first since Reconstruction Civil Rights Act of 1960 – Civil Rights Commission Civil Rights Act of 1964 – “segregation of all public facilities is unconstitutional” Twenty Fourth Amendment (1964) – abolished the “poll tax” Voting Rights Act (1965) – ended literacy tests, provide federal registrars “where needed” Latino/Chicano Leaders & Movements Cesar Chavez United Farm Workers Organization

# President Term Party VP Major Items Period1 George Washington 1789 - 1797 None John Adams Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson Critical Period

Secretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton 1788 - 1815Judiciary Act (1789), Tariff of 1789Whiskey Rebellion (1799)French Revolution (Citizen Genet) (1793)Jay Treaty with England (1795)Pickney Treaty with Spain (1795)Farewell Address (1796), 1st Bank (1791 - 1811)

2 John Adams 1797 - 1801 Federalist Thomas Jefferson XYZ Affair (1797), Alien & Sedition Act (1798)Naturalization Act, Midnight Judges (1801)Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions (1798)

3 Thomas Jefferson 1801 - 1809 Republican Aaron Burr Secretary of State: James MadisonGeorge Clinton Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Louisiana Purchase (1803)Lewis & Clark Expedition (1804-05)12th Amendment (1804), Embargo Act (1807)Non-Intercourse Act (1809)

4 James Madison 1809 - 1817 Republican George Clinton Secretary of State: James MonroeElbridge Gerry Macon Act (1810), Berlin & Milan Decrees

Orders in Council, War Hawks (1811 - 1812)Hartford Convention (1814)First protective tariff (1816)

5 James Monroe 1817 - 1825 Republican Daniel Tompkins Secretary of State: John Quincy Adams Era of GoodMarshall's Decisions: Feelings of theMcCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Common ManDartmouth College Case (1819) 1815 - 1840Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)Acquisition of Florida from Spain (1819)Missouri Compromise (1820)Monroe Doctrine (1823), Sectional Tariff (1824)Favorite Sons Election (Jackson, J.Q. Adams, Crawford, Clay) (1824)

6 John Quincy Adams 1825 - 1829 National John C. Calhoun Secretary of State: Henry ClayRepublican New York Erie Canal (1825)

Tariff of Abominations (1828)Calhoun's Exposition annd Protest (1828)

7 Andrew Jackson 1829 - 1837 Democrat John C. Calhoun Jacksonian Democracy, Tariffs of 1832 & 1833Martin Van Buren The 2nd B.U.S. (due to expire in 1836)

Formation of Whig Party (1832)

8 Martin Van Buren 1837 - 1841 Democrat Richard Johnson Panic of 1837 - Overspeculation in landSpecie Circular, no B.U.S.Unsound financing by state governments

9 William Henry Harrison 1841 Whig John Tyler Secretary of State: Daniel Webster Antebellum1840 - 1860

10 John Tyler 1841 - 1845 Whig None Anti-Jackson Democrat ran as VP as WhigSecretary of State: Daniel WebsterVetos Clay's bill for 3rd B.U.S.Canadian border: 45th parallel

11 James K. Polk 1845 - 1849 Democrat George Dallas Texas becomes a state (1845)Oregon boundary settled (1846)Mexican War (1846-48), Treaty of Guadalupe - Hidalgo (1848), Wilmot Proviso kept slavery outof newly acquired territory

12 Zachary Taylor 1849 - 1850 Whig Millard Fillmore

13 Millard Fillmore 1850 - 1853 Whig None Secretary of State: Daniel WebsterCompromise of 1850Clayton Bulwer Treaty 1850 - Britain & U.S. agreed not to expand in Central America if the canal is builtUncle Tom's Cabin (1852)

14 Franklin Pierce 1853 - 1857 Democrat William King Kansas Nebraska Bill (1854) - popular sovereigntyJapan opened to world trade (1853)Underground Railroad, Bleeding Kansas

Ostend Manifesto (1854) - desire for Cuba/Spainoffered $100,000,000 in Ostend, Belgium

15 James Buchanan 1857 - 1861 Democrat John Breckenridge Taney's Dred Scott Decision (1857)Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)

16 Abraham Lincoln 1861 - 1865 Republican Hannibal Hamlin Secretary of State: W.H. SewardAndrew Johnson Secretary of Treasury: Salmon P. Chase

Civil War (1861-1865)Emancipation Proclamation (1863)Homestead Act (1862), Morill Act -created agricultural collegesLincoln's assassination: April 14, 1865John Wilkes Booth

17 Andrew Johnson 1865 - 1869 Republican None Secretary of State: W.H. Seward Reconstruction13th Amendment (1865), 14th Amendment (1868) 1865 - 187715th Amendment (1870)Reconstruction Act (1867)Tenure of Office Act (1867), Impeachment (1868)Formation of KKK, Adoption of Black Codes

18 Ulysses S. Grant 1869 - 1877 Republican Schuyler Colfax Secretary of State: Hamilton FishHenry Wilson 15th Amendment (1870)

First transcontinental Railroad (1869)Tweed Ring, Panic of 1873Credit Moblier, Whiskey Ring

19 Rutherford B. Hayes 1877 - 1881 Republican William Wheeler Bland-Allison Act (1878) - free coinage of silver Gilded AgeTroops withdrawn from the south (1877) 1877 - 1900

20 James A. Garfield 1881 Republican Chester A. Arthur Secretary of State: James A. BlaineMarch 4 to Garfield's Assassination -

9/19 C. Julius Guiteau

21 Chester A. Arthur 1881 - 1885 Republican None Secretary of State: James A. BlainePendleton Act (1883) - set up Civil Service Commission

22 Grover Cleveland 1885 - 1889 Democrat Thomas Hendricks Knights of Labor (1886), Haymarket Riot (1886)Interstate Commerce Act (1887)Washburn v. Illinois (1886)

23 Benjamin Harrison 1889 - 1893 Republican Levi P. Morton Secretary of State: James A. BlaineSherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)Populist Party Platform of 1892 ND, SD, MT, WA - 1889 statesIdaho, Wyoming - 1890 statesMcKinley Tariff (1890)

24 Grover Cleveland 1893 - 1897 Democrat Adlai E. Stevenson Panic of 1893, Hawaiian Incident (1893)(2nd Administration) Venezuelan Boundary Affair (1895)

Pullman Strike (1894), Wilson-Gorman, Tariff of 1894, American Federation of Labor

25 William McKinley 1897 - 1901 Republican Garet Hobart Secretary of State: John Hay(1896 -1900) New Imperialism, SPAM War (4/98 - 2/99)T. Roosevelt Open Door Policy (1899), Boxer Rebellion (1900)(1901 only) McKinley's Assassination -

Leon Czolgosz (1901)

26 Theodore Roosevelt 1901 - 1909 Republican Charles Fairbanks Secretary of State: John Hay, Elihu Root Progressive AgePanama Canal (1903 - 1914), Square Deal 1900 - 1920Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1904)Portsmouth Treaty (1905), Gentlemen's Agreement with Japan (1904), Hague Conferences (1899 and 1907), Hepburn Act (1906)Pure Food & Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act, Muckrakers (1906)Political Reforms: Trustbusting, Coal Strike, ConservationVenezuelan Debt Controversy (1902), DominicanRepublic crisis (1902 - 05), Algerius Conferenceover Morocco (1906)

27 William H. Taft 1909 - 1913 Republican James S. Sherman Paine - Aldrich Tariff (1909)Pinchet - Ballings: conservation, polygamy (1909)Dollar Diplomacy

28 Woodrow Wilson 1913 - 1921 Democrat Thomas Marshall Underwood Tariff (1913)16th, 17th, 18th, 19th AmendmentsFederal Reserve System (1913)Glassower Act (1913), Federal Trade CommissionClayton Anti-trust Act (1914), troops to Haiti, Nicaragua, Dominican Republic, Virgin Islands,Mexico. Lusitania (May, 1915), 14 points (1/17), Treaty of Versailles (1919 - 1920), New Freedom

29 Warren G. Harding 1921 - 1923 Republican Calvin Coolidge Secretary of State: Charles Hughes Roaring 20sDark Horse Candidate, Teapot Dome Scandal 1920 - 1929Washington Conference (1920 - 1922)Fordney-McCumber Tariff (1922)

30 Calvin Coolidge 1923 - 1929 Republican Charles Dawes Secretary of State: Frank KelloggKellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

31 Herbert Hoover 1929 - 1933 Republican Charles Curtis Secretary of State: Henry L. StimsonNational Origins Immigration Act (1929)Panic & Depression, Stock market crash (1929)Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930)

32 Franklin D. Roosevelt 1933 - 1945 Democrat John N. Garner New Deal The New Deal(1933 - 1941) World War II Era of ReformHenry A. Wallace Labor 1930 - 1945(1941 - 1945)Harry Truman (1945 - )

33 Harry S Truman 1945 - 1953 Democrat Alben Barkley End of WWII - atomic bombTaft-Hartley Act (1947), Truman Doctrine (1947)Marshall Plan (1947), NATO (1949)Korea (1950 - 1953), Fair Deal

34 Dwight D. Eisenhower 1953 - 1961 Republican Richard Nixon 22nd Amendment, SEATO Cold WarBrown v. Board of Education (Topeka, Kansas) 1945 - 1968Suez Crisis (1956), Eisenhower DoctrineSpace Race, Alaska & Hawaii become states (59)

35 John F. Kennedy 1961 - 1963 Democrat Lyndon Johnson Alliance for Progress, Baker v. Carr (1962)Peace Corps, Cuba, New Frontier,Nuclear Test Ban TreatyKennedy Assassination - DallasNovember 22, 1963 - Lee Harvey Oswald

36 Lyndon B. Johnson 1963 - 1968 Democrat Hubert Humphrey Cold War, Cuban Policy, Income Tax CutWesberry v. Sanders (1964), Civil Rights Act (64)Anti-poverty Act (1964), MedicareElementary/Secondary educationGreat Society

37 Richard M. Nixon 1968 - 1974 Republican Spiro Agnew Imperial Presidency Détente1968 - 1973 Moon landing (July 1969) 1968 - presentGerald Ford Warren Burger - Chief Justice (1969)1973 - 1974 Woodstock (Aug. 1969), EPA (1970)

26th Amendment (1971), China (2/72)Russia (5/72), SALT (1972)Kissinger's Shuttle Diplomacy (73 - 75)Wounded Knee, S.D. (1973)Allende regime in Chile - CIA (9/73)Agnew resigns (73) Nixon resigns (8/9/74)Pentagon Papers (8/30/71) - Superior Courtallows NY Times to publish

38 Gerald Ford 1974 - 1976 Republican Nelson Rockefeller 1st appointed VP AND PresidentPardons Nixon, OPEC crisis (1974)

39 Jimmy Carter 1976 - 1980 Democrat Walter Mondale Panama Canal treaty (9/77)established diplomatic relations with Communist

China; eds recognition of Taiwan3 Mile Island (PA) (3/79)Egypt/Israel peace treaty; Sadat & Begin winNobel prizes (3/79)Iran hostage crisis (1979)rescue attempt - 8 killed (4/80)Soviets seize Afghanistan (79)stagflation, Moscow Olympics boycotted

40 Ronald Reagan 1980 - 1988 Republican George H.W. Bush Hostages returnedFalkland Islands crisis - U.S. supports Eng. (82)1500 Marines sent to Beirut (83) - withdrawn (84)Grenada (10/83), Nicaragua (84)Sandra Day O'Connor appointed to SupremeCourt (first woman), supply side economicsIran Contra hearings - Oliver North (Summer 87)

41 George H.W. Bush 1988 - 1992 Republican Dan Quayle Savings & Loan Scandal (1990)Fall of Berlin Wall/Reunification of GermanyPanama Invasion (1990)Operation Desert Shield/Storm (1/92 - 8/92)

42 Bill Clinton 1992 - 2000 Democrat Al Gore NAFTA (1993), Welfare reform (1996)Newt Gingrich - Republican landslide (1994)impeachment Bosnia, Haiti, Somalia, Rwanda

43 George W. Bush 2000 - Republican Dick Cheney Election controversyChina conflictSeptember EleventhWar in Iraq

Exam Review 1 – Complete these exercise as thoroughly as you can Part I - Use this as a beginning. Add as much additional information as you can!

Historical Period

Dates Events People Themes/Comments

The Revolutionary Period

1754-1776

The Royal Proclamation of 1763

Thomas Jefferson Discontent, breaking away, Radicalism

The New Nation

1776-1800

Treaty of Paris, Shay’s Rebellion,

George Washington, John Jay, John Adams

Federalism

Agrarianism

1800-1820?

Embargo Act Jefferson, Madison Republicanism, Peaceful Revolution

The Market Revolution

1816-1824

Panic of 1819 Madison, Monroe The American System

The Age of Jackson

1829-1840

Nullification Crisis Nicholas Biddle The Rise of the Common Man

The Second Party System

1829-1860

The Panic of 1837 Martin Van Buren The new party system was a result of differences over Jacksonian policies

The Antebellum Era

1810-1860

The North Industrializes John C. Calhoun States Rights, unequal distribution of development and wealth

The Decade of Crisis

1850-1860

The Compromise of 1850 Stephen Douglas The growing rift between the north and south

Part II – What happened, Why did it happen, What was the Outcome? Think of the themes/event that we have examined in class. For each one try and answer the above questions. The “what happened” is pretty much known as we have examined many of the events. I’ll do the first one as an example and give some suggestions for some more. Add as many as you can. What happened? Time

period Why did it happen? What was the outcome?

The French and Indian War

1754-1763

Dispute over access to the Ohio River Valley

France lost, loses her claim to territory on the North American Continent

The Proclamation of 1763

Colonists feeling less British and more Nationalistic

The 1st Continental Congress

The Boston Massacre

The Boston Tea Party

The American Revolution

The French Side with the Colonists

The Articles of Confederation

The Constitutional Convention

Below is a time table of the key events in the history of American conflict. Usingyour textbook, write a brief description or summary of each of the events up to1920 on the lines provided. As you read further in your textbook, return to thetime table to fill in information about later events. You can use the completedStudy Guide to prepare for tests and to prepare answers to thematic essays.

HISTORY: FIGHTING FOR FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY

FROM COLONIES TO NATION

King Philip’s War, 1675–1676

French and Indian War, 1754–1763

American Revolution, 1775–1783

THE NEW NATION ASSERTS ITS AUTHORITY

War of 1812, 1812–1815

Monroe Doctrine, 1823

Mexican War, 1846–1848

CIVIL WAR AND REUNION

Civil War, 1861–1865

Reconstruction, 1865–1873

Indian Wars, 1861–1890

BECOMING A WORLD POWER AND WORLD WAR I

Spanish-American War, 1898

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, 1904

World War I, 1914–1918

Wilson’s Fourteen Points, 1918

Treaty of Versailles, 1919

ISOLATIONISM

Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1928

Good Neighbor Policy, 1933

Lend-Lease Policy, 1941

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American Pathways Activity • 37

AMERICAN PATHWAYS ACTIVITY

Creating a Thematic Study Guide

UNIT 3

Unit 3

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WORLD WAR II AND THE COLD WAR

The Holocaust, 1938–1945

The U.S. in World War II, 1941–1945

Battle of Midway, 1942

Invasion of Normandy, 1944

Containment Policy, 1947

Truman Doctrine, 1947

Marshall Plan, 1948

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 1949

Korean War, 1950–1953

Vietnam War, 1954–1975

Bay of Pigs Invasion, 1961

Berlin Wall, 1961

Alliance for Progress, 1961

Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962

Détente, 1970–1980

Camp David Accords, 1978

Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979

Aid to El Salvador and Nicaragua, 1981–1990

Grenada, 1983

Panama, 1989

REGIONAL CONFLICT AND TERRORISM

The Persian Gulf War, 1991

Somalia, 1992–1993

Haiti, 1994

Bosnia, 1991–1995

Kosovo, 1998–1999

War Against Terrorism, 2001–

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Unit 3

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NAME _______________________________________________ CLASS ___________________ DATE _________________

Below is a time table of the key events in the expansion of the United States.Using your textbook, write a brief description or summary of each of the eventsup to 1860 on the lines provided. As you read further in your textbook, return tothe time table to fill in information about later events. You can use the completedStudy Guide to prepare for tests and to prepare answers to thematic essays.

GEOGRAPHY: THE EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES

ESTABLISHING THE ORIGINAL COLONIES

Jamestown, Virginia, 1607

Plymouth, 1620

New Netherland, 1624

Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1630

Maryland, 1632

Pennsylvania, 1644

King Philip’s War, 1675–1676

Georgia, 1732

Proclamation of 1763

Declaration of Independence, 1776

CROSSING THE APPALACHIANS

Wilderness Road opened, 1775

Northwest Ordinance, 1787

Pinckney’s Treaty, 1795

Land Act, 1800

Cumberland Road opened, 1811

Adams-Onís Treaty, 1819

Erie Canal opened, 1825

Indian Removal Act, 1830

Creating a Thematic Study Guide

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MOVING BEYOND THE MISSISSIPPI

Louisiana Purchase, 1803

Lewis and Clark expedition, 1804–1806

Zebulon Pike expedition, 1806–1807

Long expedition, 1820

Oregon Trail, 1843

Treaty of 1846

CAPTURING MEXICAN TERRITORY

Santa Fe Trail opened, 1821

Texas War for Independence, 1835–1836

Annexation of Texas, 1845

Mexican War, 1846–1848

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848

California Gold Rush, 1849

Gadsden Purchase, 1853

FURTHER EXPANSION

Homestead Act, 1862

Purchase of Alaska, 1867

Spanish-American War, 1898

Annexation of Hawaii, 1898

REMAINING A MOBILE SOCIETY

African American migration north, 1910–1930

Flight from Dust Bowl, 1930–1940

Forced Japanese relocation, 1942–1945

Population shift to Sunbelt, 1970–present

NAME _______________________________________________ CLASS ___________________ DATE _________________

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NAME _______________________________________________ CLASS ___________________ DATE _________________

Below is a time table of the key events in the history of the American economy. Using your text-book, write a brief description or summary of each of the events on the lines provided. You canuse the completed Study Guide to prepare for tests and to prepare answers to thematic essays.

ECONOMICS: FREE ENTERPRISE AND THE AMERICAN ECONOMY

The Market Revolution

Slater’s water-powered cotton mill, 1793 ______________________________________________

Interchangeable parts, 1798 __________________________________________________________

Lowell’s centralized textile factory, 1813 ______________________________________________

A New Nation

Second Bank of the United States, 1816–1832 __________________________________________

Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 1819 ________________________________________________

Panic of 1819 ______________________________________________________________________

Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824 ____________________________________________________________

Panics, 1837 and 1839________________________________________________________________

Industrial Expansion and Progressive Reforms

Transcontinental railroad, 1869 ______________________________________________________

Munn v. Illinois, 1877 ______________________________________________________________

Standard Oil Trust, 1882 ____________________________________________________________

Haymarket Riot, 1886 ______________________________________________________________

Interstate Commerce Act, 1887 ________________________________________________________

Sherman Antitrust Act, 1890__________________________________________________________

Homestead Strike, 1892 ______________________________________________________________

Depression, 1893–1897 ______________________________________________________________

Pullman Strike, 1894 ________________________________________________________________

The Northern Securities case, 1904

Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire, 1911 ________________________________________________

Taylor’s The Principles of Scientific Management, 1911 ________________________________

Federal Reserve System, 1913 ________________________________________________________

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Sixteenth Amendment, 1913 __________________________________________________________

Clayton Antitrust Act, 1914 __________________________________________________________

A Consumer Economy

Widespread labor strikes, 1919________________________________________________________

Installment plan, 1920s ______________________________________________________________

Great Crash, 1929 __________________________________________________________________

The Great Depression and the New Deal

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 1933 __________________________________________

National Industrial Recovery Act, 1933 ________________________________________________

Securities and Exchange Commission, 1934 ____________________________________________

Social Security Act, 1935 ____________________________________________________________

Recession, 1937 ____________________________________________________________________

Postwar Ups and Downs

GI Bill, 1944 ________________________________________________________________________

Federal-Aid Highway Act, 1956 ______________________________________________________

OPEC oil embargo, 1973 ____________________________________________________________

Stagflation, 1974–1980 ______________________________________________________________

Recession, 1981–1982 ________________________________________________________________

Stock-market collapse, 1987 __________________________________________________________

The Age of Information and Free Trade

Personal computer, 1974 ____________________________________________________________

Deregulation of savings and loan banks, 1980s __________________________________________

NAFTA, 1992 ______________________________________________________________________

Microsoft sued by government, 1998 __________________________________________________

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