The Advanced Placement Program®

ASU SkySong October 4th, 2010

Sponsors: NCEE and CFA

David MonizEducational Manager, K-12 ServicesThe College Boarddmoniz@collegeboard.org

The Grand Canyon DiplomaUpper Division Provider

College Board’s Mission and Purpose• The College Board is a not-for-profit membership organization whose

mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. • Founded in 1900, the organization is composed of more than 5,600

schools, colleges, universities and other educational organizations. • Each year, the College Board serves seven million students and their

parents, 23,000 high schools, and 3,800 colleges through major programs and services in college admissions, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning.

• The College Board is committed to the principles of excellence and equity, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities and concerns.

Source: http://www.collegeboard.com/about/index.html

AP® Mission

The College Board’s Advanced Placement Program® (AP) enables students to pursue college-level studies while still in high school. Through more than 30 college-level courses, each culminating in a rigorous exam, AP provides willing and academically prepared students with the opportunity to earn college credit and/or advanced placement.

AP Participation

• All 50 states offer AP• Offered in 100 countries from Austria to

Zimbabwe• 17,000 schools offer AP exams• Over 3.4 million exams were taken in 2011• Over 1.97 million students participated in AP

in 2011

Source: http://apcentral.collegeboard.com

Student Group AP Exam Grade of 3, 4, 5

AP Exam Grade of 1, 2

Took AP course, but not exam

African-American 28% higher 22% higher 16% higher

Hispanic 28% higher 12% higher 10% higher

White 33% higher 22% higher 20% higher

Low-Income 26% higher 17% higher 12% higher

Not Low-Income 34% higher 23% higher 19% higher

Source: Chrys Dougherty, Lynn Mellor, and Shuling Jian, The Relationship Between Advanced Placement and College Graduation (National Center for Educational Accountability, 2005)

Impact of AP on 5-Year College Graduation Rates

Advanced Placement Program Pathway

October 4th, 2010ASU SkySong / Scottsdale, AZ

SpringBoard® ELA and Math, Pre-AP Curriculum

PSAT/NMSQT®

AP Potential™

College Visits

Take the SAT®

Take AP® Courses & Exams

College Admissions

ReadiStep™

CollegeEd®

6th Grade

Pre-AP and APProfessional Development

David MonizEducational Manager, K-12 Servicesdmoniz@collegeboard.org

Arizona growth in Advanced Placement

Arizona participation & performance in Advanced Placement

AP Participation in Arizona 2010-2011

• AP participation in Arizona increased by 7.2%• 25,284 Arizona students took AP exams• Minority students comprised over 46% of AP

test takers• 24 freshman AP Scholars leads the nation• Low-income students are the fastest growing

group of AP testers• And we have just scratched the surface…

Source: http://apcentral.collegeboard.com

Arizona 2011 actual AP studentsand AP Potential students

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

AP English Lit.

AP Calculus AB

AP US History

Took AP Exam in May 2011

Scored 3+ in May 2011

PSAT score indicates at least 60% chance of scoring 3+ if recruited for AP Exam

www.collegeboard.com/reports for roster of your students

Success Stories:AP and Pre-AP Initiatives in AZ

Arizona DOE’s Advanced Placement Incentive Program (APIP) Grant[2005 to 2008]

13 high schools were paired with 14 feeder schools in the APIP Grant.

They contributed to Arizona’s significant growth in low-income students preparing for, and then participating in, AP courses.

Supports included:• Professional Development• Vertical Teams• Curriculum Alignment• Administrator Support• PSAT/NMSQT to identify

students with AP Potential

Arizona DOE’s Advanced Placement Incentive Program

(APIP) Grant[2005 to 2008]

Pre-AP Total Student Participation

Pre-AP Low-Income Student Participation

AP Total Student Participation

AP Low-Income Student Participation

Arizona DOE’s Advanced Placement Incentive Program

(APIP) Grant[2005 to 2008]

# of AP Exams # of AP Exams 3 or higher

APIP Recipients: Low-income Student AP Participation and Performance

All Arizona Low Income Students: AP Participation

NCEE:Advanced Placement courses

Source:Tough Choices or Tough Times, Executive Summary

National Center for Education and the Economy (NCEE)

College Board offerings for grades 6 to 12

AP Courses aligned to NCEE upper division requirements

AP History Courses(1) World. (2) U.S. (3) European

SpringBoard Pre-AP

Curriculum

CollegeEd Curriculum

AP and Pre-AP Professional

Development

Pre-AP Professional

Development

AP Exams Schools 9th grade10th

grade11th

grade12th

grade

US History 11,604 822 36,700 318,044 17,303

World History 4,548 10,717 128,898 15,452 6,923European History 4,614 810 55,721 15,336 27,276

AP History Exams in the US by Grade Level in 2010

AP Program Overview

AP Courses• Arts

– Art History, Music Theory, Studio Art (drawing, 2-D, 3-D)

• English– Language and Composition,

Literature and Composition• History and Social Sciences

– Comparative Government and Politics, European History, Human Geography, Macroeconomics, Microeconomics, Psychology, United States Government and Politics, United States History, World History

• Mathematics & Computer Science• Calculus AB, Calculus BC, Computer

Science A, Statistics

• Sciences• Biology, Chemistry, Environmental

Science, Physics B, Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism, Physics C: Mechanics

• World Languages• Chinese Language and Culture, French

Language, German Language, Japanese Language and Culture, Latin: Vergil, Spanish Language, Spanish Literature

Source: http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/courses/teachers_corner/index.html

AP Scoring and Reporting• Once scoring is complete, the multiple-choice and free-

response scores are combined to form the composite scores.• Final AP Exams scores are reported on a 5-point scale, which

represents the degree to which students should be considered qualified to receive college credit or placement.

• AP Exam scores of:– 5 are equivalent to grades of A in the corresponding college

course. – 4 are equivalent to grades of A-, B+, and B in college– 3 are equivalent to grades of B-, C+, and C in college.

• Grade reports usually available 6 to 8 weeks after the administration– Online grade reports available summer 2010 for schools

Who Participates in AP?• 17,000+ secondary schools worldwide offer AP Exams

• More than 122,000 AP teachers worldwide are authorized to teach AP courses

• In 2011, over 1.9 million students took over 3.4 million exams

• 5,000+ college faculty score AP Exams ensuring college-level standards

• 3,600+ colleges receive AP Exam grades annually

Source: http://www.collegeboard.com/html/aprtn/?excmpid=CBF13-ED-1-aprtn

Key Benefits of AP• AP courses establish a college-level standard in secondary

schools that is measured through a global assessment designed and scored by college faculty.

• AP courses expose college-bound students to the amounts of homework, study skills, and habits of mind essential for success in college courses.

• AP provides leverage for aligning and strengthening the grades 6-12 curriculum.

Key Benefits of AP• Students who take AP Exams and score a 3 or higher typically

experience greater academic success and college graduation rates than non-AP students.

• The AP course is typically the most rigorous curriculum offered in secondary schools and is designated on the student transcript.

• Because AP is widely used for college credit and/or placement, it attracts motivated students eager to double major, or engage in deeper, upper-division courses at college.

Advanced Placement International Diploma (APID)

• A globally recognized certificate for students who show outstanding academic excellence through achievement on AP Exams across several disciplines

• Available to students attending secondary schools outside the United States and to U.S. resident students applying to universities outside the country

• To earn an APID, students must earn grades of three or higher on at least five AP Exams in the following content areas:]

1. Two AP Exams from two different languages selected from English and/or world languages

2. One AP Exam designated as offering a global perspective: World History , Human Geography, and Government and Politics: Comparative

3. One exam from the sciences or mathematics content areas

More AP information online• AP international recognitionhttp://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/intad.html

• AP International Diplomahttp://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/exgrd_intl.html

• AP Scholar Awardshttp://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/scholarawards.html

• Alignment to Common Core State Standardshttp://professionals.collegeboard.com/data-reports-research/cb/RR2011-8

Building / Expanding an AP Program

Flexible and Modular Approach

• AP programs are already established in all types of districts and schools across the nation and world, serving a diverse student population

• Flexible delivery of instruction allows districts to implement AP in the way that best works for them

• Districts and schools can begin with one AP course and then grow their programs based on student interest and preparation, as well as faculty capacity

Flexible and Modular Approach

• Independent study and online providers are available if a school cannot run a course

• AP courses integrate well with existing academic and physical environments to apply course content in real-life settings

• Natural synergy with community educational resources such as universities, research labs, local/state government, and museums to create robust programs

AP Curricula

• Each individual school develops its own syllabi for its AP courses

• AP Course Audit, through which college faculty review all AP teachers’ syllabi, ensures that AP courses meet the curricular and classroom resource requirements of a rigorous, comparable college course

• College Board provides numerous resources and professional development opportunities to help teachers develop, structure, and pace their AP courses

AP Potential™

• Identifies students likely to succeed in AP– Online tool that uses PSAT/NMSQT® results – Generates rosters of students likely to score a 3+ on a given AP Exam– Free for all schools that administer the PSAT/NMSQT

•Based on proven research– Based on research that found strong correlations between PSAT/NMSQT scores and AP

Exam results– Sample included more than a million students– Results available for 25 different AP Exams

• Increases access to AP– Ensures that no student with the chance to succeed in AP is overlooked– Enhances a school’s existing process for identifying students for AP courses– Helps educators decide which AP courses to offer

AP Potential:www.collegeboard.com/reports

College Board Support

• Regional office staff members serve schools and districts in all fifty states

• Extensive web-based step-by-step planning tools and information

• Free AP Coordinators’ Workshops• Exam rebate to schools; fee reductions for

low-income students• AP Central Electronic Message Board Forums

Resources to Build / Expand AP

professionals.collegeboard.com/k-12/assessment/ – Offering, planning, and building an AP Program

apcentral.collegeboard.com– AP Central resources for teachers (released items, sample syllabi,

scoring guides, textbook reviews, etc.)

http://www.nga.org/Files/pdf/0908APREPORT.PDF– National Governors Association report– Raising Rigor, Getting Results

http://www.teamiddleschoolspanish.org/– AP Spanish in Texas middle schools

www.broadeducation.org– Click on “Resources for Districts”– Expanding AP Access

AP Cost Considerations• AP exam fee is $87

– Schools retain $8 of the fee for administrative costs• A combination of federal and College Board fee contributions

reduce the cost of the AP Exam to $0 for low-income students in Arizona

• There are no start-up fees for schools or teachers• Professional development is strongly encouraged, but not

required, for AP teachers• Each AP course syllabus is audited for free by college faculty• Implementation expenses may include teacher professional

development, college texts, course supplies/equipment, virtual course “seats” (if applicable)

Student and Teacher Preparation

Free AP Resources on AP Central

News or changes to the course and examAdministration of the examSample exam questionsTechniques and strategies for teaching the course:

objectives, structure, presentation methods, and classroom activities

Outline of content (themes or topic outline) and skills Sample textbooksSample syllabiSubject-specific resources

College Board Standards for College Successcomprehensive, clear, challenging

• Provide a model set of comprehensive standards in ELA, math, and science for middle school and high school courses that lead to AP, college and workplace readiness

• Reflect 21st-century skills such as problem solving, critical and creative thinking, collaboration, and media and technological literacy

• Articulate clear standards and objectives with supporting, in-depth performance expectations to guide instruction and curriculum development

• Provide teachers, districts and states with tools for increasing the rigor and alignment of courses across grades 6-12 to college and workplace readiness

• Assist teachers in designing lessons and classroom assessments

What is Pre-AP Professional Development from the College Board?

1. Content-specific classroom strategies & tools

2. Vertical Teaming strategies3. Leadership strategies

. . .that help educators prepare all students for the challenges of college-level work, such as that found in AP courses.

AP and Pre-AP Professional Development

• AP Summer Institutes (Phoenix, Tucson, San Diego)• AP and Pre-AP One- or Two-day Workshops• AP Online Workshops• Pre-AP Vertical Teaming and Strategies Workshops

Free • Training to become an AP Reader• Training to become an AP Consultant/Trainer

The Relationship of Pre-AP Materials and Professional Development to Research-Based Strategies that Promote Rigor

Identifying similarities and differences Summarizing & note taking frames Nonlinguistic representations Generating and testing hypotheses Questions, cues, and advanced organizers Setting assessment criteria and providing feedback Cooperative learning formats

Source: Midcontinent Research for Education and Learning (McREL)

Average Retention Rates by Instructional Format After 24 Hours

5% Lecture10% Reading20% Audio-Visual30% Demonstration50% Discussion Group75% Practice By Doing90% Teach Others

National Training Laboratory, Bethel, ME

Typical sequencing for Pre-AP Workshop Series

• Instructional Leadership

• Topics for AP Vertical Teams in specific subject

area

• Two-day Strategies

• One-day Strategies

New to Pre-AP(teams

established)

• Instructional Leadership

• Setting the Cornerstones – Interdisciplinary Vertical Teams

Workshops

• Two-day Strategies

• One-day Strategies

[once teams established]• Topics for AP

Vertical Teams in specific subject

areas

New to Pre-AP(no teams

established)

Established Pre-AP

(assumes former 2-day AP Vertical Teams workshop)

• Building the Foundations (Setting the

Cornerstones)

• Instructional Leadership

• Two-day Strategies

• One-day Strategies

Ongoing Activities

• AP Vertical Team meetings

• Vertical Teams Institutes

• AP Workshops• AP Summer

Institutes• AP Conferences

for Middle and High School

Teachers

• Based on the College Board Standards for College Success and correlated to state standards

• More than 7,000 teachers and 600,000 students are currently involved in SpringBoard courses

• 31 of the nation's 100 largest school districts

• Small schools, charter schools,and consortia

• Research-based; written byteachers for teachers

SpringBoard®: The Official Pre-AP Program in Math and English

Success stories, research reports and sample lessons:http://www.collegeboard.com/springboardinfo

SpringBoardOfficial Pre-AP Curriculum

Consumable Student Editions– Engaging, collaborative, reflective, rigorous preparation for AP and college

Annotated Teacher Editions – Essential questions, suggested strategies, differentiated instruction

Professional Development – Initial institutes, advanced workshops, administrator workshops/toolkits,

cognitive coaching, curriculum mapping

Formative Assessments – Embedded performance assessments, scoring guides, end-of-unit tests

SpringBoard Online and Community– Web 2.0 community: share best practices & exemplars, view blogs & other

posts, ask questions of colleagues

SpringBoard® Components

Consumable Student Editions: Culturally relevant, collaborative activities engage students in critical thinking; each unit starts by providing students with a context for learning by "unpacking" the skills & knowledge needed to successfully complete Embedded Assessments.

Annotated Teacher Editions: Correspond directly to Student Editions; teaching strategies offer a menu of proven teaching methodologies to prepare students for AP courses.

Professional Development: Administrators' workshops & toolkits; 4-day teacher institutes (Year One); 2-day advanced teacher workshops (Years Two and Three); customized services, such as cognitive coaching; online training modules.

Formative Assessments: Embedded Assessments; unit assessments contain the College Board’s high-quality test items with distractor rationales; Student & Teacher Reflections.

SpringBoard® Online: Includes instructional resources, customizable online assessments & reports, and correlations to state standards; home to the program's online Professional Learning Community.

Find out more at www.collegeboard.com/springboardinfo.

SpringBoard: The Official Pre-AP Program

AP Data to Inform Instruction

• AP Instructional Planning Report– Allows teachers to see their students’

performance on specific content categories of the AP Exam, in both multiple choice and free response sections

– Available electronically to schools since 2010• Released free response questions with scoring

commentary, actual samples, and grade distributions posted on AP Central every year

AP Courses and Exams

• Provide rigorous, college-level opportunities to students in high school

• Give schools a very flexible approach to AP course delivery and implementation

• Reflect the practices and curricula of college and university professors nationwide

• Serve as a capstone to the College Board’s college readiness system of programs

Questions?

David MonizEducational Manager, K-12 ServicesThe College Boarddmoniz@collegeboard.org